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    <title>集智俱乐部</title>
    <link>https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/feed/8540570d27c0bfe0a219173cf1ace83ae79445cb.xml</link>
    <description>关注复杂科学与人工智能的前沿进展、书籍资料、工具文献、交叉前沿等，同时也发布集智俱乐部、集智学园举办的各类讲座、课程等活动相关信息。&#xA;(wechat feed made by @ttttmr https://wechat2rss.xlab.app)</description>
    <managingEditor> (集智俱乐部)</managingEditor>
    <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 14:31:08 +0800</pubDate>
    <lastBuildDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 14:31:08 +0800</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>集智俱乐部</title>
      <link>https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/feed/8540570d27c0bfe0a219173cf1ace83ae79445cb.xml</link>
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      <title>从科学视角，如何理解和研究涌现——寻规律，探法则，溯本源｜郑志刚</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731565&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=d6e404a0a74cdb67b40db655b52fe3ea</link>
      <description>从动力学到涌现：复杂系统的科学解读框架论</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>郑志刚</span> <span>2026-05-19 14:30</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=925ddf37&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRqkrRGJIHmlr6p0MlIk9hvEku8G9hUcMBfW1mfZ0eN5J0FbUE7cgibE50taeqLCRzhQOwu03lzibwY4grH01oAIfe8UPvaLzylA%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>从动力学到涌现：复杂系统的科学解读框架论</p>
  <div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us"><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="0.5625" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style="width:100%;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="325" data-imgfileid="100247914" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=473c8e39&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRlbsBUuDKpNb2ZGZg99A4lqAf730njychGXYK8WXCOk0v6tkUNothtxbR36Maibibw6fIReWjrDibicmJo3SXlIn0n4wZy7mSLibwo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">本文根据2026年4月25日由集智举办的第一届集智科学节《山谷中的涌现》中郑志刚老师主题演讲整理而成。围绕“涌现”这一复杂系统核心概念，从动力学、统计物理与自组织等多个视角展开，探讨其科学内涵与跨学科意义，并尝试勾勒从微观机制到宏观秩序的统一理解框架。</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">郑志刚<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨演讲</span></span></p></div><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.666157372039725" data-type="jpeg" data-w="3927" style="background-color:transparent;width:383px;height:255px;" data-width="3927" data-height="2616" data-imgfileid="100247544" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=49d57d73&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRtF1QLcmCHLOz2QPPORSwXljHyldcPq0fMHvwica8mkY0Mib9QCqSylHmRh10Ha9NvBAQg4qWr70cxbHTwBW6CBMicJib54E6NsCQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtud5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大家好！我是郑志刚，来自华侨大学系统科学研究所以及信息科学与工程学院。今天我将与大家分享的主题，是如何从科学视角理解与研究涌现。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5549792531120332" data-type="png" data-w="964" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="315" data-height="175" data-backw="578" data-backh="321" data-imgfileid="100247541" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3fc9739e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTfia8ibo4Da3Fia5iawK0BBSJHFvxTgX8wgD4E6C9V6aWg5WJ9HicaSh00GwSZoB6FH2ptSoichFNndZVqTG813YibyxTKKLnDCQ5Ogs%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt11nj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“涌现”这一概念在复杂系统研究中至关重要。理解和研究涌现，意味着要探寻其中的规律、法则，追溯其本源。规律是事物发展过程中的本质联系和必然趋势，法则是对规律的总结和提炼，而本源则是事物产生和发展的根源。只有深入探究这些方面，才能真正从科学的视角把握涌现行为。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtlzn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从科学视角研究涌现，能够帮助我们更好地理解复杂系统的运行机制，为解决实际问题提供理论支持。无论是在自然科学领域，还是在社会科学领域，涌现现象都普遍存在。通过对涌现的研究，我们可以揭示出隐藏在复杂现象背后的简单规律，从而推动科学的发展和进步。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">一、复杂性的涌现：诗与歌的回忆</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt114v" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涌现问题的研究，本身就是一部宏大而激荡人心的学术叙事。请允许我从我的人生和研究生涯讲起。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6940836940836941" data-type="jpeg" data-w="693" style="background-color: transparent;width: 437px;height: 303px;" data-width="226" data-height="157" data-imgfileid="100247542" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=410ba28d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQqNodFpBL23NE96Dfrjermht1nTZMzclcQJNbWhGuqZuERFicGS6lqtOOW2VTIecLAyM7ZDJzibSCMwACFUQzDyMWD5DGjRqHF4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mpbzx9fk1b0v" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mpbzx9g01sxo" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">80年代初，Prigogine访问北师大。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1yc4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">20世纪80年代初，著名物理化学家、诺贝尔奖获得者Prigogine教授访问了北京师范大学，这一事件意义非凡，标志着复杂性涌现研究在国内迈出重要一步。第一张照片定格下了年轻学子们簇拥这位学术大家的动人瞬间。照片里年轻学子们围在Prigogine教授身边，眼中满是对复杂系统新思想的好奇与向往，正是这一次访问，把非平衡热力学、耗散结构这些关于涌现和自组织的前沿火种，播进了中国学者和年轻学生的心里，也为国内后来几十年复杂性科学的研究埋下了伏笔，我自己对涌现问题的兴趣，也正是从这段学界流传的故事里开始生根发芽的。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.504950495049505" data-type="png" data-w="606" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="606" data-height="306" data-imgfileid="100247550" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5b50c3de&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSwUgUph6a4cctgjpZJiaTmBc2wQa4bUVLWket4zfTKXA9j55aA3Fmrm1QW4J45Jj1M7Cwic862gN4iaAoyUs5xkEibpfibqKn9R9AI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vqtmnbgc" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0vqtn31b0e" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Prigogine教授和他的中国学生们。从左至右：清华大学李如生教授、北京师范大学胡岗教授、方福康教授、漆安慎教授。（感谢狄增如教授提供）</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtk5d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这张照片感谢狄增如教授提供，是Prigogine教授和他的中国学生们的珍贵合影，从左至右分别是清华大学李如生教授、北京师范大学胡岗教授、方福康教授、漆安慎教授。李如生教授从事非平衡化学反应及其耗散结构的研究，可惜90年代就英年早逝。胡岗教授长期开展非线性动力学、随机动力学等方面的研究，其研究领域广泛，在物理学最著名期刊“物理评论快报”发表30多篇研究工作的记录是我国同一代研究者中的佼佼者，影响了一大批包括我在内的青年科研工作者。漆安慎教授是我国从复杂系统角度开展生物系统免疫问题研究最早的学者之一，90年代末“非线性科学丛书”中的《免疫的非线性模型》一书就是漆先生的大作。方福康教授长期从事经济复杂性的研究，也是我国系统科学学科发展史上的标志性推动者和践行者。他在非平衡相变等基础理论研究中取得重要成果，在北京师范大学创办系统理论本科专业，设立系统科学一级学科博士点，奠定了北师大系统科学学科的发展基础，为我国系统科学学科建设作出卓越贡献。在担任北京师范大学校长期间，他明确了建设综合性、研究型一流大学的办学方向，其学者与校领导的双重角色充分彰显出杰出的才能。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtg73" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我于1988年进入北师大物理系求学，有幸恰逢复杂性研究的蓬勃兴盛之时，彼时相关领域研究如火如荼，各类前沿理论与新锐观点层出不穷。1992年我本科毕业，决意继续深造，师从胡岗先生攻读硕士，并于1994年顺利直博。1996年，未毕业的我以博士后身份进入香港浸会大学胡斑比先生的非线性研究中心，两位胡先生都成为我的学术和人生导师。下方左侧的照片，是我1996年抵达浸会大学后，与同来访问的胡岗教授的首张合影。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt24ts" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1997年，我博士毕业后留在北师大工作。由衷感念那些为我开启科研之门的恩师们，留校后我的科研与教学工作进展顺遂，并于2001年破格晋升为教授。2004年，我以裘棤学者身份重返斑比先生课题组访问，下面右边与课题组的珍贵照片，同样具有特殊意义。胡斑比先生一直担任浸会大学物理系系主任和非线性科学研究中心主任，在任期间推动了大半个中国的非线性科学发展事业，他为非线性科学和统计物理做出的重要贡献被学界铭记。这些时间节点串起了我在复杂性涌现研究的发展脉络，让大家可以看到我在这一领域从萌芽到发展的历程。于我而言，这是串成美好回忆的诗与歌。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.28489795918367344" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="2450" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247582" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=62ddf5ff&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRhic1uLalN2nWaVcPLC5BB6H1icoFjHAdZMcFchq7UhFwRTaAOHWSiaXeiaazaam3SibGxbIB8LuGeicibyehnCuIT9oOXuaLmzv437s%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vr4nkvo7" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0vr4nvydk" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">左图：1996年与胡岗教授在香港浸会大学的合影；右图：2004年与胡斑比先生在香港浸会大学课题组的合影。</span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtf40" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">1.1 布朗运动——随机动力学（1992-）</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1vu6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我的学术起点，是1992年开启的布朗运动——随机动力学领域研究。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="background-color: transparent;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;" data-remoteid="" data-asynid="" src="https://swarma.feishu.cn/space/api/box/stream/download/asynccode/?code=ZWQ2ZTdlZjc3Mjk0NWQzNWNmMjE5ZDVmNTE0MjIwM2FfcFQxTUFlNGxaYXlHZGtKMHZnMW5KQVAzMUE1Q25hNDRfVG9rZW46WTFWUmJiT2pNbzNsVzd4aUo3UGNRdXh2bkJmXzE3Nzg0ODQxMzU6MTc3ODQ4NzczNV9WNA" data-src="" align="" alt="" border="" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="" data-s="" data-type="png" data-w="" aria-label="" aria-braillelabel="" aria-description="" height="" hspace="" ismap="" opacity="" sizes="" title="" type="" usemap="" vspace="" width="" data-width="414" data-height="117" data-croporisrc="" data-cropx1="" data-cropx2="" data-cropy1="" data-cropy2="" data-cropselx1="" data-cropselx2="" data-cropsely1="" data-cropsely2="" data-backw="" data-backh="" data-copyright="" data-oversubscription-url="" data-before-oversubscription-url="" data-galleryid="" data-gallerysupplier="" data-cardimg="" data-fileid="" data-imgfileid="100247514" data-positionback="" data-imgqrcoded="" data-imgid="" data-upload="" data-fromlib="" data-aiimageid="" data-aiimagesource="" data-cacheurl="" data-aistatus="1" data-retry=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2833464877663773" data-type="png" data-w="1267" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="414" data-height="117" data-backw="562" data-backh="159" data-imgfileid="100247549" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8bbadf01&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSXea2LibHveeKjmqPGXLcpCVWze0rMmysYvSQ8YhWIibF8eyuJaRMak4gLRFaHZXQ2JNX3AmH4K3MFSM2ibW5wQjnHTyTVaKmGfw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtbdh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">时间回溯到1827年，Robert Brown首次观察到了布朗运动，这一现象就像一颗投入平静湖面的石子，激起了科学界对微观世界的探索涟漪。1905年，Albert Einstein利用随机行走从理论上对布朗运动进行了解释，他的研究为统计物理学的发展奠定了重要基础，就如同为一座高楼大厦搭建了坚实的地基 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[1]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5764331210191083" data-type="png" data-w="628" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="205" data-height="118" data-imgfileid="100247548" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=46e05b6f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTpG9TOlxlnf8aJF0cQQct2icE4TtH0xEYIGBCQ6EWlIiaO67fJSGS1ZRgxy7AhrDUiaA3l6dKOecc69bQo5cVYo5NFicV0mnoptZw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtf7k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1908年，Paul Langevin提出了朗之万方程 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[2]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，从动力学视角描述了布朗粒子的运动，随机力的引入为研究随机过程提供了有力的工具，从微观层次为科学家们配备了一把精准解剖随机世界的手术刀。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.42587064676616915" data-type="png" data-w="1005" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="328" data-height="140" data-backw="562" data-backh="239" data-imgfileid="100247555" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=87535c05&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTU7L40WYHtArBjlxB67uRiadDJkRd9RwDIqH2AwoRAibCicPq4RQ9v8SsUoCIaEQIJibJUaXhAOxzA9Kx29drfHqdp0CvMS0uqljE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrte3s" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1913年，Adriaan Fokker和Max Planck在随机过程的研究中做出了重要贡献，他们从统计和宏观角度提出随机动力学的统计分布满足的演化方程 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[3,4]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，推动了随机动力学理论的完善，如同为一幅精美的画卷添上了浓墨重彩的一笔。1931年，Andrey Kolmogorov建立了概率论的公理化体系，为随机动力学的发展提供了严密的数学基础，这就像是为一座宏伟的建筑构建了稳固的框架 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[5]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1sry" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这些科学家们的研究一步步推动着布朗运动——随机动力学领域的发展，也为我在这片学术耕地上的探索提供了丰富的养分和坚实的基础。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="501" style="background-color: transparent;width: 287px;height: 287px;" data-width="116" data-height="164" data-imgfileid="100247551" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=42b24c0e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSbXMvSmH7H7eHBJ2a0sPVzrrReticw6fthcZqRxQfw2obcxmoFC9CFtg7vXuogmMtaIy1USR9dOW21hoCuhj1C8B2JuZ8ibwhHQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt13b" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在胡岗先生的指导下，我的第一个工作是周期势场中的布朗运动一般解的问题，这是一个很具代表性的物理问题，布朗运动本身在材料科学、生物学、环境科学乃至金融领域都有广泛应用，而周期势中的布朗粒子动力学是普遍存在的研究热点，在该体系中能探究粒子运动轨迹、平均速度、扩散系数以及马达效应等诸多有趣的物理现象，目前相关研究主要集中在理论分析与模拟层面。这个纯理论的研究花费了我一年多的时间，终以两套优雅的解析理论画上圆满句号 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[6]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtv7q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自1992年开启的随机系统研究并未就此终结，而只是一个开端。在后续研究中，我将研究场景拓展至具有相互作用的粒子、非对称周期势场等，结合耦合系统、生物分子马达开展了一系列研究，宛如随机世界中一颗花粉颗粒或一只蚂蚁，在随机行走里不断探寻心仪的新课题 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[7-9]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这也促成了我与合作者2025年在科学出版社出版的专著《生物分子马达的统计物理与复杂输运》</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[10]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，该书入选软物质前沿科学丛书。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt13uc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">开启的随机性研究也引发了我新的思考。当随机性与非线性复杂系统相遇，会产生众多的非平庸宏观行为 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[11]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，而这也引发了两个基本问题。首先，随机性从何而来？在自然科学的诸多领域，随机性似乎无处不在。以布朗运动为例，科学家们的不断探索揭示出分子热运动是产生随机性的一种原因。然而，随机性的只是来源于分子碰撞的“多”吗？这也引发第二个问题：随机性与动力学有何关系？或者说，力学描述下的确定性系统是否也会产生不确定性和随机性？一旦如此，动力学与统计之间的关系就变得复杂而微妙，这意味着统计性的出现。看来研究随机性与动力学的关系，有助于我们更好地理解复杂系统的行为和规律。</span></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtrwq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">1.2 涌现的力量：从动力学到统计物理学（1995-）</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtlgz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对于随机性与统计基础的思考，成为我从1995年开始的第二片研究之地——统计物理学基础问题，这也是我博士学位论文的主体研究课题。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1h6a" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在力学的确定性世界里，拉普拉斯决定论占据主导。但混沌现象的发现，揭示了牛顿力学并非无懈可击：确定性系统会因动力学不稳定，衍生出如蝴蝶效应般的不确定性与随机性。那么动力学的不稳定、不确定与统计之间究竟有怎样的关系呢？</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrttro" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而今我们知道，相比于经典力学聚焦于确定性，统计物理学是理论物理学的重要分支，它是研究量变到质变的学科，从物质的微观结构和相互作用出发，架起了微观到宏观、简单到复杂之间的桥梁，致力于解决层次跨越的问题。它不仅是连接系统微观和宏观描述之间的桥梁，同时也是联系物理学和其他学科之间的纽带，在过去的近两个世纪中，是最活跃、成果最多的学科领域之一，更是物理学大厦中唯一一门以跨越层次作为基本课题的学科。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4309859154929577" data-type="png" data-w="710" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="232" data-height="100" data-backw="562" data-backh="242" data-imgfileid="100247554" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=82267e49&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSficLaydFbBsgj0o5Qnga2OV6v2WIA48mrG13E8KWzQLNM8iaUQIwfRib10PBT9omc6UqNib9aFjeMCvqAiabSY979qbyQpicQZibDq8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1iaw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1859年，Maxwell发现气体分子的速度分布律；1868年，Boltzmann提出了更一般的分子统计分布律，并提出熵的统计解释，把物理体系的熵和概率联系起来，阐明了热力学第二定律的统计性质，引出能量均分理论。这些重要发现都来自气体的分子运动论。1889年开始，Gibbs撰写了一部关于统计力学的经典教科书《统计力学的基本原理》。Gibbs在撰写经典教科书《统计力学的基本原理》时，使用刘维尔的成果，对玻尔兹曼提出的系综这一概念进行扩展，建立了一般的统计系综理论，从而将热力学建立在了统计力学的基础之上 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[12]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1a0y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">回归统计物理学的概率性建构逻辑，其植根于微观分子运动层面，随机性是其不可或缺的核心基础。早期玻尔兹曼提出各态历经假说，之后发展为数学家开展的以动力系统为基本研究对象的遍历性理论 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[13]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。遍历理论将动力系统按随机性由弱到强分为回归性、遍历性、混合性、混沌性（Kolmogorov系统）和双曲性（Anosov系统）、Bernoulli性等，越强的随机性则带来更强的统计性，促使具有微观动力学的多体体系实现各种宏观涌现。遍历性理论在动力学和统计之间搭建起过渡的桥梁，动力学系统的全局性混沌</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[14]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是系统统计规律成立的根本要素。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtoea" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">回溯学科发展历史，这些关键时间节点无疑在该领域的演进中具有重要价值，值得我们深入探究其中蕴含的奥秘，进而更为透彻地理解动力学与统计之间的微妙关联。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrttci" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从上面可以得到一个重要结论——统计物理学在物理学发展历程中具有开创性意义，它是首个冲破还原论藩篱的学科。作为物理学的重要支柱之一，统计物理旨在研究宏观现象的微观机制，诠释宏观系统的物理特性，为具有复杂相互作用的多体系统建立一般性理论，来理解和刻画超越微观相互作用所能预言的整体行为或涌现现象。同时它不仅是连接系统微观和宏观描述之间的桥梁，更是联系物理学和其他学科之间的纽带，在过去近两个世纪中是最活跃、成果最多的学科领域之一，自上世纪中叶以来关于非平衡及复杂系统的研究，更是让它成为了联系数学、化学、生物和计算科学等众多自然科学的高度交叉学科，建立和发展了一大批新兴研究方向。这意味着我们不能再局限于传统的还原论思维，而要以新的视角去探索物理世界。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt107j" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当我们接受力学系统的概率性和统计性时，就可以在保留哈密顿量、拉格朗日量等力学能量函数的基础上，运用统计方法构建新的逻辑体系，进而探寻新的物理学规律。这种方法为我们打开了一扇新的大门，让我们能够从不同的角度去理解和解释物理现象。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt8d0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从系统科学思想来看，存在还原论和整体论两种观点。还原论关注热力学单元的力学和相互作用规律，以及哈密顿函数；而整体论则强调统计性。系统论的关键要求是实现从微观到宏观的跨越。统计物理学没有摒弃任何一方，而是将二者巧妙结合，因而达成了从微观向宏观的跨越。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.783289817232376" data-type="png" data-w="766" style="background-color:transparent;width:346px;height:271px;" data-width="250" data-height="196" data-imgfileid="100247553" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b7a808ce&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRPlWxiafHDZkZoAyjJxy0hytjv86oGibwL0e9gluFIBBMebejQSGIWUdIlxQI4Ee7PJkX0RUakMfbSgORYiabMicQCbATTbByCchk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtwng" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从动力学到统计物理学，涌现展示出强大的力量。这种力量促使我们重新审视物理世界的规律，不再仅仅关注微观层面的细节，而是更加注重宏观层面的整体表现以及从微观到宏观涌现的机制。统计物理学的发展，让我们能够更好地理解复杂系统的行为，为解决实际问题提供了有力的工具。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtri6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我的博士学位论文聚焦于统计物理学基本问题，获得了好评，2001年入选第三届全国百篇优秀博士学位论文 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[15]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。该奖项是国内博士学位论文领域具权威性的评选，1999年起开始举办，历年入选论文均代表了相关学科的高学术水平。在多年的思考基础上，近二十年后，我与胡岗先生合著的《从动力学到统计物理学》一书2016年在北大出版社出版 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[16]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，该书已成为很多同行的案头书，这使我们深感欣慰。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrthlf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">热力学第二定律作为宏观规律中最难理解的物理学定律之一，是物理学运动的代表性宏观涌现定律，更是复杂系统动力学规律最早且最大胆的探索。它本质上阐述了宏观非平衡性及其演化方向，体现为复杂系统涌现出时间箭头。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1gn8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从分子运动论的视角来看，人类对热力学第二定律的理解曾困难重重，且这一认知困境至今仍未完全消解。不过，当系统足够小时，热力学过程的方向性能够被逆转。近年来，少体系统的热力学研究从微观层面阐明了热力学过程的方向性，还以Jarzynsky等式等取代传统热力学不等式，来展现热力学不可逆过程 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[16,17,18,19]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.212678936605317" data-type="jpeg" data-w="489" style="background-color:transparent;width:311px;height:377px;" data-width="159" data-height="194" data-imgfileid="100247552" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d20db42c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSB362Kbnhm8d9gGGA2yXtedbvdGKaMviajIAezn9r221sXQXNuU7JMNSsibRRQ4D7HNvz8svnhYgjaOwtQtMibPmvM8nHHQ8GbF4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt2zq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我与胡岗先生在2001年发表的研究表明 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[20]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，混沌遍历少体硬球系统在不可逆过程中，可通过大量相同系统的系综平均消除涨落，或者在系统粒子数足够多时，热力学第二定律都能成立。这一结论在多种实验中得到验证，为混沌少体力学系统到常规热力学系统的不可逆过程建立了桥梁，揭示了遍历混沌性对少体系统满足热力学第二定律的关键作用。</span></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrthu4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">1.3 复杂系统的同步、集群与有序（1998-）</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1us3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1998年起，我开辟了第三片学术研究领域，将研究目光聚焦于同步、集群与有序问题。早在1673年，Christiaan Huygens就观察到了钟摆同步的有趣现象，这可被视为同步研究的早期探索。无独有偶，1680年，Engelbert Kaempfer发现了萤火虫的同步闪光现象，再次印证了物理学与生命科学神奇的同步发展。同步问题的理论研究真正突破发生于非线性动力学的兴起，标志性的事件包括1963年Winfree提出的耦合相位振子模型</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[21]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和1975年Kuramoto提出的可解模型 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[22]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这些探索为研究同步现象提供了重要的理论框架，帮助我们理解众多振子如何在相互作用下达到同步状态，在物理学、生物学等多个领域都有广泛应用 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[23,24,25]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4537205081669691" data-type="png" data-w="1102" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="360" data-height="163" data-backw="562" data-backh="255" data-imgfileid="100247560" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=edbd98a3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHT4ULichOm3spvMiaZfghUCicHw435Am7nmryH5cmneAnvWMnoTF2Fh1icX1NzS8TbbpTicf5QWjicjtPW3kJV1I1ic9EbH9aDpC9ak3Y%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt24bq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">多振子体系微观层次的同步涌现是一个值得深入探讨的现象。这是我们1998年取得的突破性研究成果 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[26,27,28]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。我们的研究表明，大量振子的同步是以同步分岔树的方式来进行的，即系统在耦合强度改变时振子会从部分到整体同步，就像一棵树状分支，反映了系统从无序到有序的转变过程。同步与相空间维数转变的关系揭示了系统动力学行为的变化。相空间维数的改变可能会导致同步状态的转变，从低维到高维的变化可能会使系统从简单的同步模式转变为更复杂的同步形式。这一关系有助于我们理解系统在不同条件下的动态行为，以及如何通过调整系统参数来实现期望的同步状态。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6687898089171974" data-type="png" data-w="1099" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="228" data-height="152" data-backw="562" data-backh="376" data-imgfileid="100247559" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=be594855&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSpNOBvrMkPppN6zooPEUtREHVD3DkrzbPFHolXdnuKJBlCHiczXoY3qR4GSG3eJAsG1x4icmfcBj3Kg6Z3UibXGLUsloNV7n9B6g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1jey" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同步分岔的研究充分展示了复杂系统内在的有序性转变，这种转变行为在混沌系统中同样存在，会以更为丰富的混沌同步形式蕴含在混沌的无序背后。我们开展了大量研究，这些研究成果收录在2000年出版的“非线性科学丛书”之一《混沌控制》</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[29]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和2004年出版的专著《耦合非线性系统的时空动力学与合作行为》</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[30]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">中。这两本书对于20多年来年轻一代的科研工作者的成长起到了重要作用。</span> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6720098643649816" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1622" style="width: 267px;height: 179px;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247586" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5f6694fb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRwDsAmgibB8gVXU2giaRb0fSUQNUDrltNkYRichHhZaZJpQsYCWkQOgtPldeznxSIHqHia1paUPtA85LNqiblpqkqyoa41wJ4R2M68%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1ggh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与同步和有序相关的内容是复杂系统真正的一片天地。我们随后的大量研究包括同步理论问题的探讨及其应用拓展。我们长期坚持的方向是利用统计物理学方法求解各种不同场景下的同步涌现特征和规律。除此以外，与同步有关的应用有相当多的主题。第一个是神经动力学，神经信号的整合需要同步，而过度同步却属于神经疾病，兴奋性神经元网络需要一定比例的抑制性神经元来加以平衡，使得神经网络的工作既稳定又灵活 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[31]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。我还在华侨大学指导电气专业的研究生，该方向涉及的电网运行稳定性是至关重要的问题，它就密切联系着电网中的同步，是复杂网络同步的重要拓展 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[32]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。第三个研究方向聚焦活性物质的集群动力学 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[33]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。集群行为的产生很大程度上依赖于智能体的取向一致性，它在很多情况下依赖于时域的同步。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt20f4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大家可以看到，这些神奇的巧合都密织在一起，这就是复杂系统的可爱之处，它们在微观上支撑起了宏观涌现的产生。上述在各个不同领域的研究探索，引发了我们对于复杂系统涌现动力学的一般性思考，这也是我们2019年出版的一套《复杂系统的涌现动力学》上下册专著</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[34]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的最直接初衷。这套书和我2016年的《从动力学到统计物理学》一书今天集智也在做签名销售，非常感谢大家的厚爱！这些努力都是我们试图从更大更广阔的视野对涌现的思考。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6928446771378709" data-type="png" data-w="573" style="background-color: transparent;width: 418px;height: 290px;" data-width="286" data-height="198" data-imgfileid="100247557" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a3d7711d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQvWablgbC7KR4NbCqOqQPkLKOPCJx9a9LZDx7humSiaqCtS0WrE3dchAUZnnjYNSUwQPAficPdSicBjZbsNACDJDV3JfCPpQPoG4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">二、涌现: 从“多者异也”到自组织</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt21wj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">下面我想从物理学视角切入涌现这一大自然运行机制背后的逻辑。我们知道，物理学作为科学金字塔最底层的基础科学，其研究对象涵盖宇宙万物，聚焦于万事万物的时间与空间规律。历史上它也是还原论思想大为成功的试验场，科学家依据不同的时间和空间尺度，构建了众多学科分支。这些描述不同时空尺度的物理学分支既存在差异，又具有普适性。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5677154582763337" data-type="png" data-w="731" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="239" data-height="135" data-imgfileid="100247561" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5857cdea&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTdN7mdx6ebtA5c1zlM751F68xttgt6VBXcvdEZS1hwgaia1RBnCXUC4WD3avKiaxFPKA6fI35kAEJLTvLJs9I2LpxcOiadz1SnGw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt210u" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">世界的复杂性决定了层次性的存在，而如何实现从微观作为一个层次到宏观作为另一个层次的跨越，是物理学面临的重要问题。涌现概念的提出为解决这一问题提供了新的视角，物理学家、诺贝尔奖获得者Philip Andersen提出了“多者异也” </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[35]，</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">强调了还原论下对层次跨越的纠结和困境，即将万事万物还原成基本规律的能力，并不意味着我们自然就拥有从这些规律重建宇宙的能力。这表明，微观层面的规律在宏观层面可能会涌现出全新的现象和规律，微观的简单性并不直接等同于宏观的简单性 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[36]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。在不同的语境下，涌现在物理学中也被称为“演生”，“层展”，前者的基本要义在于强调在跨越层次产生新行为的过程与动力学，而后者强调了跨越层次而产生的全新现象。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.523444976076555" data-type="png" data-w="1045" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="342" data-height="179" data-imgfileid="100247564" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=565b552b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQE51xuLmmrjEbSlDkUcRPPbAdMBmDjhicEImsQ0o3dGGpibNEFaEoSGRyXpykzLlTkRVaRpibdsGSV0ibUg9vVb79CZltiaQJ8mmUQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt20yt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涌现，在物理学中最生动的展示是相变。我们可以从同步与物理学的热力学相变研究做一对比来找到重要启示。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt20ao" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">先看铁磁相变。磁性材料由大量具有自旋取向的粒子组成，材料整体的磁性取决于有多少比例的粒子选择同一取向。可以发现，在高温下，自旋取向高度无序，这种无序是由环境温度涨落导致的，涨落使得自旋的取向处于无序状态。但另一方面，自旋间的相互作用能够克服这种涨落带来的取向无序性，使自旋极化，也就是取向一致，从而实现有序。由此可见，材料的总磁矩在高温下为零，当温度低于某一临界值时则变为非零，进而产生统计意义上的对称性破缺。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt3cj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">类似的规律同样存在于振子同步现象中。从同步转变角度看，也存在无序和有序两种状态。无序状态体现为自然频率的异质性，即各个个体的自然频率存在差异，缺乏一致性。但当耦合强度足够大时，就能克服这种动力学无序性，进而形成相位集群，达成有序状态。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtm94" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同步转变与铁磁相变的范式涌现一致性，反映了物理学中从无序到有序的转变机制。正如复杂系统研究指出的，复杂系统由大量相互作用单元构成，同步性源于单元间相互作用、系统内在动力学演化等因素，而相变可表现为系统同步性的变化，自组织现象能让系统在无外部干预的情况下从无序状态演化到有序状态。这类现象对于我们理解物理系统的本质和规律具有重要意义。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrta1j" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在物理学的研究中，我们不能仅仅局限于还原论，还需要关注整体的涌现现象。只有这样，我们才能更全面、深入地理解宇宙万物的运行规律，推动物理学不断向前发展。</span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1s8l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.1 多体物理学：凝聚态物理学的演生</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt24uv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">物理学进入20世纪以来，遇到的更多的是多体（例如多原子、多电子）系统展现出的诸如相变等集体行为，其微观行为需要以量子物理学为基础，而多体的研究则需要结合统计物理学、群论等基于整体的分析，由此出现了最早的关于晶体结构和物理性质研究的固体物理学 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[37]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。随着研究的深入，科学家将研究对象扩展到凝聚态物质。Landau对称破缺理论和重正化群理论是研究大部分物质态及物质不同态之间相变的框架，是当前诸如液晶显示、磁性材料记录等研究领域的理论基础。随着对更多复杂物质的研究，多体物理学进一步拓展至包括液晶、胶体、等离子体等在内的物理体系研究，由此诞生了具有更一般意义、涵盖更多凝聚物质的凝聚态物理学 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[38]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，乃至专门以大量复杂物质如液晶、胶体为研究对象的软凝聚态物理 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[39]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这些新兴领域涵盖了多体物理学、量子区域复杂系统等多个方向，充分展现了凝聚态物理的研究范畴与理论应用价值。凝聚态物理学的各种理论，包括晶体结构理论、能带理论、元激发与准粒子理论、非平衡输运理论、波与物质作用理论、相变理论、弹性力学理论、流体力学理论、晶体生长理论等，都是站在整体层面，从微观-宏观角度建立的。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.21766561514195584" data-type="png" data-w="1268" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="414" data-height="90" data-backw="562" data-backh="122" data-imgfileid="100247563" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=258600dc&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSRI6XW78kTf0EYp54yEwibMhPBEEbI34zqQTPfaXdWIBgGLQgk7ibZ9RXpGryNv8fRLK5ibkM9sg9iaSRgNnsibiayVJeDcMxDLKAME%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt2ry" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">举个例子。我们经常会问一个常识性问题：光为什么可以穿过玻璃？实际上这个问题涉及光与不同物质的作用。光能否穿过物质取决于物质对光是否吸收，而吸收与否则取决于物质的能带结构。固体物质的能带理论告诉我们，材料的能带包括导带与价带，二者之间的带隙大小是决定材料导电、光学等性质的关键参数。金属材料的价带和导带重叠或仅存在极小的能带隙，电子容易从价带进入导带，从而可以自由运动；而玻璃的主要成分二氧化硅属于绝缘体，它的带隙较大，一般为9电子伏特，可见光的能量不足以将处于价带的电子激发到导带，因此可见光不会被玻璃吸收，从而可以“透明”地穿过玻璃，不过当二氧化硅暴露在紫外光下时，会吸收能量并激发电子跃迁到导带中，这时它会具备一定的光导电性能。由此可以看出，上述问题的本质是能带问题，这是一个材料的整体问题。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.39768339768339767" data-type="png" data-w="1036" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="339" data-height="134" data-backw="562" data-backh="223" data-imgfileid="100247565" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1b48167f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQcUjWNEtALOqOdLtcO7jx2vnIpLUduMGNb3VedDLVpiciazg48En403icUjK4tosp4Bwibmu5ia4c0kFnkHLibbh4yMKmlhh76SujFw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtzt7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.2 自组织：物理-数学-控制-演化的法则</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1wh2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">实际上，大量有趣的问题早已超出上述研究的传统物理学领域。当我们将视角投向热力学平衡态以外，那些传统物理学不曾涉足甚至被排除在研究范畴外的领域时，会发现一片值得物理学家深耕的新天地。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1afb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">就涌现这一概念而言，它强调通过自组织完成从微观到宏观的过渡，而涌现的自组织理论能在多个领域得到体现。在离开平衡态的物理化学系统中，人们都发现了新现象。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtumi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Rayleigh-Benard对流是流体动力学中的经典现象。Benard在20世纪初叶通过实验观测到存在温度梯度的流体薄层会形成特殊流动结构。1916年，Rayleigh对该现象进行了初步理论分析。当流体处于上冷下热的温差环境，上下温差较小时，传热为热传导方式。当温差超一定限度，下方受热膨胀的流体因密度下降获向上浮力，在浮力与黏滞力平衡作用下，原本局部静态的液体分子自组织形成宏观对流模式。这一过程的临界条件可通过无量纲Rayleigh数判断，当Rayleigh数大于某临界值，流体层失稳形成对流。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt7vq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Belousov和Zhabotinsky研究了非平衡化学反应，1952年，Belousov率先以硫酸铈盐作催化剂，进行柠檬酸的溴酸氧化反应，当把反应物和生成物的浓度控制在远离平衡浓度的时候，他发现某些组分如溴离子和铈离子的浓度会发生周期性的变化，造成溶液的颜色在无色和黄色之间周期性变化；之后Zhabotinsky接过相关工作加以改进，还发现反应过程中溶液会出现同心圆形或旋转螺旋状的卷曲花纹波这类空间有序结构。他们的研究证实，非平衡下的化学反应不再维持化学平衡时的物质浓度不变，而是通过自组织产生周期性的浓度变化，呈现出宏观的振荡现象。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1azl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">生命系统中存在生物膜、离子通道、门、催化剂等大量多样的微观非平衡物质结构，为涌现的自组织现象提供了丰沃的土壤。在这样的环境下，自组织现象频繁发生，展现出微观与宏观之间的奇妙联系。下面我们通过几个具体的例子来深入了解这种自组织现象。例如，氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本单位，构成生物体的氨基酸有20多种，众多氨基酸分子以特定方式相互作用、自组织，形成具有特定结构和功能的蛋白质。蛋白质在生命活动中发挥着至关重要的作用，它可以作为结构蛋白构成羽毛、肌肉、头发等生物体结构，绝大多数酶这类蛋白质还能催化细胞内的生化反应，此外像血红蛋白这类蛋白质承担着运输功能，胰岛素、生长激素则能调节生命活动，抗体还能发挥免疫作用，可以说一切生命活动都离不开蛋白质。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1qk1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">细胞作为生命的基本单位，其内部的各种生物分子和细胞器通过自组织形成了有序的结构和功能，实现了细胞的正常生理活动。同样，组织和器官也是由细胞通过自组织形成的，它们协同工作，实现了生物体的各种生理功能。这些例子不仅充分展示了生命系统中微观元素通过自组织形成宏观现象的神奇过程，也表明生命系统中的自组织现象是普遍存在的，它是生命得以维持和发展的重要机制。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt4bv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">生命节律，即生物体内在的周期性生理与行为变化规律，是生命科学领域的重要研究方向。昼夜节律、心跳节律等各种生物节律，是微观层面的基因调控、生物化学反应和细胞活动自组织在宏观上表现出有规律的生命活动。涌现的自组织理论在不同领域的体现，揭示了微观与宏观之间的奇妙联系。2017年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了Jeffrey Hall、Michael Rosbach和Michael Young，以表彰他们在揭示生物钟分子机制方面的开创性贡献。他们的研究深入阐明了生物钟如何通过基因与蛋白质的反馈环路，在分子层面上调控生物体的昼夜节律，这一发现不仅深化了人类对生命基本运作原理的理解，也为睡眠障碍、代谢性疾病等与节律相关的健康问题提供了重要的科学依据 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[40]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6312684365781711" data-type="png" data-w="678" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="243" data-height="153" data-backw="562" data-backh="355" data-imgfileid="100247562" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=697bdd68&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ0kxIc8DlB408bgcicCEmbgZ4WVeckkb3RJALvAke1juP77PjYSZ6u6lic1ic0XGLwz0micJgFEzJCgmk4ZiblJApe5HLhLuxF3kIg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt144d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">再看大脑，大脑包含数以亿计的微观神经元，这些神经元有着细胞体、树突、轴突等结构，会通过动作电位传导、神经递质释放等方式完成信号传递，它们之间借助复杂的连接形成神经网络并进行自组织，而且有研究通过单神经元记录实验证实，后顶叶单细胞水平的神经元活动能反映知觉意识形成过程中的证据积累，最终大脑多个区域的神经回路协同工作，涌现出意识、思维等宏观层面的高级功能。这是微观元素自组织形成宏观现象的典型例子。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5511737089201878" data-type="png" data-w="1065" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="348" data-height="192" data-backw="562" data-backh="310" data-imgfileid="100247569" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=78e4a0d2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTMK51qE6VV0coxGTTpmMeiaz4vMXPCgKNyMnQxeF7UQLDGUZXJqGKMJn1XdsuWhxkMQye1yTqxbRmx9jaiaOsqoyJyknc9qBDj8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1gxo" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在以生物个体为基本组成的种群层次，动物的集群与协同行为是一种迷人而复杂的现象，蝴蝶、鸟群、蚂蚁、鱼类、牛群、羊群、蝗虫等的集群协作、游动、向心运动、迁徙等。比如高密度状态下的蝗虫，会从随机跳跃运动转变为同向绕圈的集体运动；鱼类集群也被证实存在自组织结构特征。这些现象均体现为智能体的自组织涌现，目前已有研究者对鸟群、鱼群等生物群体智能行为的涌现机理进行揭示，并开展数学建模等相关研究。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1kms" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自组织理论从多学科视角呈现出不同内涵。物理学视角下，系统通过与外界交换物质、能量和信息，不断降低自身的熵，也就是无序度，进而提高和维持有序度。以生命为例，生物通过摄取食物获取能量，排出废物，与外界进行物质和能量的交换，从而维持自身的有序结构。从系统论角度看，系统在内在自组织机制驱动下，能自行从简单原生状态向复杂结构发展。这就好比一个生态系统，最初或许只是简单的物种组合，但在内在机制的驱动下，逐步演化出复杂的食物链、生态平衡等结构。在进化论视角中，系统在遗传、变异和自然选择机制作用下，组织结构和运行模式不断自我完善，以提高对环境的适应能力。综合来看，不同学科视角下的自组织理论虽然侧重点不同，但都揭示了系统从简单到复杂、从无序到有序的发展规律，为我们理解各种复杂系统提供了多元的视角。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1qp3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自组织理论结合物理学的发展代表就是Prigogine的</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">耗散结构理论 </span></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[41]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。该理论有效解决了平衡态和非平衡态热力学，特别是关于第二定律涉及的退化和进化的迷思。该理论认为，远离平衡态的开放系统，能够通过与外界交换物质和能量，在涨落的触发下，借助非线性相互作用，自发形成有序的耗散结构。这一理论打破了过去人们认为热力学平衡态才是有序稳定结构的认知，第一次从热力学层面清晰地解释了非平衡系统中自组织有序结构产生的机制，也为解释生命这类远离平衡态的有序系统提供了核心的理论框架。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtwm7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自组织理论结合复杂系统动力学的代表是Haken提出的</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">协同学理论 </span></span></strong><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[42]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，它进一步从动力学角度揭示了自组织的内在逻辑，指出系统中大量子单元通过协同作用，会在临界点发生对称性破缺，由序参量主导系统演化，最终自发形成宏观的有序结构。这两个理论分别从热力学和动力学层面，为自组织现象提供了核心的物理学基础，也将自组织研究从物理化学领域拓展到生命、社会、工程等更广阔的领域。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtzu2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从非线性控制的视角来看，自组织本质上是系统不依赖外部特定指令，通过内部反馈机制自发形成有序动态的过程，这种自发调控的特性为我们理解具备自适应、自修复能力的复杂系统提供了重要的启发。在高级层面，复杂系统的个体已不是简单的原子分子等单元，而是具有适应能力的主体。以Holland为代表的学者提出的</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂适应系统理论</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">指出 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[43]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，复杂系统的主体会随着环境变化不断调整自身行为和规则，通过相互适应协同，在宏观层面涌现出新的复杂层次和结构。这也把自组织和演化的概念更紧密地结合在了一起。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrto3l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可以看到，自组织并不是某一个学科独有的概念，它从物理出发，不断在数学、控制、演化等不同领域生长出不同的内涵：从系统论视角看，它是系统在内在机制驱动下自行从简单向复杂发展的过程；从热力学视角看，它是系统通过与外界交换物质、能量和信息提升有序度的过程；从进化论视角看，它是系统通过自我完善提升环境适应能力的过程。自组织理论由耗散结构理论、协同学、复杂适应系统理论、突变论等构成，最终成为我们理解涌现现象的核心框架之一，它基于开放性、远离平衡性、非线性相互作用等自组织机制，系统性地解释了宏观有序结构如何在微观相互作用下自发产生的根本逻辑。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.31162407254740315" data-type="png" data-w="1213" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="396" data-height="123" data-backw="562" data-backh="175" data-imgfileid="100247567" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=dc968ad7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHT6jgAkpkYBPt6QXRic2wGlpvY8UXasbdqTPiakYrric33vPcVlJiaGBdddU7eicrVyyb4dYc7yCZlfQicF4baiaicLflIwe6lHIFIcEB0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt10n1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.3 少者异也：适应性与反馈</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtigs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对于涌现，Andersen提出了“多者异也”，那么这里的“多”究竟是什么？中国古代哲学中有“混沌初开：一生二，二生三，三生万物”的说法，这其实揭示了一种从简单到复杂、从单一到多元的演化过程。“一”代表着最初的混沌统一状态，随着发展衍生出“二”“三”，直至无穷无尽的万物，这体现了“多”的涌现。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9235880398671097" data-type="png" data-w="602" style="background-color: transparent;width: 381px;height: 352px;" data-width="197" data-height="181" data-imgfileid="100247566" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c16fe7a9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHROyelf2yTtqVx09oZ9wE2bD958OsicQ5cAMMAU8mxPzkeMClogTf9UxYiaCwGG9H7E6ZvamNE7VeeXgLZOj2nSlP4ENWOwDKiasc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1g00" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在物理学领域，“混沌初开”联系着大量很有趣的问题，最有代表性的当数“三体问题”和“周期三”。三体问题是指三个质量、初始位置和初始速度都为任意的可视为质点的天体，在相互之间万有引力的作用下的运动规律问题。Poincare对三体问题的研究表明，这样的系统不仅不存在解析解，而且轨道呈现难以预测的不稳定特征，庞加莱是混沌研究的鼻祖 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[44]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt17b8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">相信喜欢复杂系统的朋友大多看过刘慈欣的小说《三体》</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[45]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，其时空背景是有两颗恒星影响下的行星。在两颗恒星的影响下，行星运行会是规则的，称为恒纪元，也可能是混沌的，称为乱纪元。生活在这颗行星上的三体人着实不易，必须学会在两种不同纪元之间切换与生存，还不可避免地会遇上三体极端事件带来的毁灭性灾难。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtwh2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">混沌的解已经很复杂，即使初始条件有极小的差异，后续的运动状态也会截然不同，这就如同从混沌中衍生出了复杂多样的结果，这是“多”的一种具体表现。华人数学家李天岩和他的导师J. Yorke通过研究简单的离散映射，提出“周期三意味着混沌” </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[46]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，以此表明，系统一旦出现周期三的运动模式，就会出现复杂的混沌运动。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt3cr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">很多的研究表明，在三个相互作用分子的层面，系统就会表现出一些宏观的特征，这说明，成千上万的分子组成的系统的涌现往往在少数层次就已经表现出来，“多”并非产生涌现行为的必需要素 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[47]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtbh9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此在复杂系统的研究中，我们提出“少者异也”这一概念，以此与“多者异也”形成有益的互补。如何理解“少者异也”呢？我们认为，反馈机制是组织系统产生异于单元行为的重要机制。例如，当系统拥有基础的拓扑结构时，只需通过拓扑形成反馈机制，就像构建性非线性系统控制中通过动态状态反馈来优化系统控制效能一样，结合系统的非线性机制，能够涌现出整体上不同于单元行为的动力学结构，特别是产生宏观的极限环振荡。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt20mn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以可激发单元（如神经元）组成的Winfree环 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[48]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和由基因组成的调控网络</span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[49]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为例，其内在调控反馈可以生动地展现上述过程，产生振荡。Winfree环依托可激发网络的特性形成自持续振荡，而基因调控网络的振荡则源自基因和蛋白质之间的自反馈或耦合反馈，这类振荡在激素水平、代谢等诸多生物学过程中普遍存在，对应于神经系统的“记忆”和生物体内的各种生物钟调控。是非线性赋予了系统的多种选择性，使得定态解失稳。这意味着系统不再局限于单一的稳定状态，而是有了更多变化的可能 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[50]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.47896440129449835" data-type="png" data-w="927" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="303" data-height="145" data-imgfileid="100247568" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ce799809&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS2MK5lJOS1JQicBeQvnf1lccPia2icS63oZDZibRXKQOorvs0Nj8f0sFLaHumbJ5MUNCIeNd3tzazgdBPI8PDHVmQUGMXGdxic8uRQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtddq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而反馈机制在其中也起着至关重要的作用。正反馈就像一个助推器，能够促进振荡模的增长，让系统的变化更加剧烈；负反馈则像是一个稳定器，可以使振荡模稳定下来，避免系统过度波动。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1hwz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这种“少者异也”的现象，为我们理解复杂系统的涌现提供了新的视角。它告诉我们，即使是少量的元素或部分，在特定的拓扑结构和反馈机制下，也能产生独特而复杂的宏观行为。这对于我们深入研究复杂系统的动力学特性，以及揭示系统从微观到宏观的转变机制，都具有重要的意义。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">三、涌现：自上而下，自下而上</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt219j" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂系统的涌现特征具有跨层次性、可观察、可测量、可表征性以及层次可分离性。涌现的跨层次性表明，高层次的行为是由低层次组分相互作用后整体涌现出来的，低层次单个组分并不具备这种行为，这从另一个侧面体现了从微观到宏观的过渡。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1k7l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可观察、可测量、可表征性方面，宏观量通常可表示为低层次物理量的集体或平均，宏观量会随条件变化出现定性变化，也就是相变。相变分为一级相变、二级相变等不同类型，其中二级相变在宏观性质未发生明显变化的情况下，会发生对称性的突变，即对称破缺，比如无外磁场时的超导-正常相变就属于这类情况。除了对称破缺，相变过程中还会出现遍历性破缺和拓扑性质改变。而在生成扩散模型的研究中也发现，这类模型会经历二阶相变，该现象就对应着自发对称破缺，这也印证了相变伴随对称性改变的特性。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrttbt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可分离性意味着层次间可解耦，存在一套宏观变量使微观和宏观产生分离，统计物理中宏观量等于微观量的统计平均，还会出现维数的巨变。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6662413881092115" data-type="jpeg" data-w="3919" style="background-color: transparent;width: 330px;height: 220px;" data-width="3919" data-height="2611" data-imgfileid="100247570" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0c9cc7b3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQjrPJ1L6yCxCzJQhGq4x6IuvtlBrrmkQHLm0ptqhvV5fxExY5S3rmx4icFopT679uD0hvcakDjxFyPWawkpUn6gUQhAtuIdrOY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1961" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">3.1 序参量理论</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt11is" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">序参量用于描述、辨识与区分复杂系统中不同的序或有序状态。序参量是人为定义还是系统内禀？这个问题由协同学给出答案。在复杂系统中，序参量是从大量微观变量中涌现出来的宏观变量，是微观子系统集体运动的产物、合作效应的表征和度量，反映系统整体的有序程度。它属于‘慢变量’，由系统内部子系统间的相互作用和能量耗散等因素决定，一旦产生还能影响和支配系统的演化，这也是协同学中的役使原理。比如在激光系统中，光强是序参量；在化学反应中，浓度是序参量。当系统无序时，序参量为零；当变化穿越临界点时，序参量编委非零，系统出现有序结构。传统序参量的寻找往往依赖直觉，通过分析系统对称性与具体物理条件实现；而内禀序参量的获取则可依托理论方法，与之相关的协同学数学技术十分丰富。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1hva" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涌现研究存在自上而下与自下而上两种基本范式，与之对应，序参量理论也分为自上而下和自下而上两类。这两种范式为我们研究复杂系统的涌现提供了重要途径。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt39k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在复杂系统的涌现研究中，自下而上的序参量理论遵循统计物理和协同学原理，从大量微观变量出发，通过个体间的相互作用和能量耗散等因素，让序参量从微观层面自然涌现出来，反映系统整体的有序程度。就如同在研究大脑、蛋白质等系统时，从微观粒子的相互作用入手，探寻宏观层面的涌现现象。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtis6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">基于微观建模的自下而上序参量理论以还原论为基础，通过微观建模挖掘复杂系统涌现的内禀机理；在方法论层面，依托统计物理学或协同学原理构建序参量及其动力学，这本质上是一个降维过程。基于统计物理学的降维技术包括系综理论、投影算子、主方程、截断理论，还可以结合对称性和不变性理论；基于动力学与统计的降维技术则可依托协同学原理，利用流形分析、中心流形定理、绝热消去、平均法等，进行快慢变量的分析、辨识与分离以达到降维的目的。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5564466378778532" data-type="png" data-w="1621" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="298" data-height="166" data-backw="562" data-backh="313" data-imgfileid="100247572" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c191b05c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSiaRWLsYbfHiboDvSecFDVukXr4NzuukIXpakhcIJSMbGmDtVibYCqycFMDNEgRFl0hQVPxmR5ss7pQibmJY29kficXWLGa85z5lbE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0w0dx41u6k" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0w0dy2lb6" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">基于微观建模的自下而上序参量理论</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1dq4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当复杂系统是一个黑箱，即我们只有微观的时空数据时，基于微观数据重构的自下而上序参量理论就发挥了重要作用。该范式基于还原论，通过利用微观数据进行动力学或拓扑（网络）重构，并利用聚类分析方法提取关键模式（成分）以实现降维，得到重构的宏观序参量动力学，并以此挖掘复杂系统涌现的内禀机理。在方法论上通过对不同外界条件或参数下系统中的大量数据进行聚类，发现数据的分组结构，利用时域/空域Fourier分解、小波分解、EMD、DMD、VMD等方法进行主模式辨识与提取，利用动力学相空间重构（PSC）、网络动力学重构（NDC）、Koopman方法、本征微观态理论（EMS）等实现序参量动力学的重构 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[51]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5268640350877193" data-type="png" data-w="1824" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="299" data-height="157" data-backw="562" data-backh="296" data-imgfileid="100247573" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a4f2e037&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHT0SwC2fKLeEVdDpqygF9DHgf0o8SmjNDP2w9lQiaUTaHfAJaVpjueYkvFzsXUE4WQ9awBFSkfuJScLJAtRKcyAZyXuMu5YbqV8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0w0mcv17ak" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0w0mda1qvm" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">基于微观数据重构的自下而上序参量理论</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt622" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自上而下的序参量理论则是凭借经验构造序参量，以唯象方式建立其动力学模型。该范式先从宏观视角切入，基于对系统的观察与认知人为定义序参量，进而探究其在系统中的演化规律与作用机制。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3725296442687747" data-type="png" data-w="1012" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="319" data-height="118" data-backw="562" data-backh="209" data-imgfileid="100247571" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=38339194&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRdUs6xRd8Q0ISkJHdkbZPm7oMKQS2mo8qvYd997mywzRA3GjJRkKUYsPOtVpN5ick8NMt6OBl3ZaYZMxCweiapdiaAl5lH8jhC4Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt212y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">上述两大类序参量理论范式各有优势和适用场景。自下而上的理论能深入揭示系统内部的微观机制，而自上而下的理论则能从宏观层面快速把握系统的整体特征。在实际研究中，应根据具体问题灵活运用这两种理论，相互补充，以更全面、深入地理解复杂系统的涌现现象。</span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtynq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">3.2 涌现研究：理论与方法</span></span></h2><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt18vo" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在涌现研究中，有一系列实用的工具和方法：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtqcp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">非线性动力学涵盖稳定性分析与分岔，能帮助我们深入了解系统在不同条件下的状态变化和发展趋势，判断系统是否稳定以及何时会出现分岔等情况。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtevu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">流形分析包括稳定（不稳定）流形和中心流形定理，该方法可从几何维度助力我们把控系统动态，其中稳定流形可引导系统趋近稳定状态，不稳定流形则可映射系统潜在的偏离方向。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrti4h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">多时间尺度分析采用快慢变量和平均法，当系统存在多时间尺度演化特征时，可有效区分主导因素与次要因素，从而简化分析流程。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtm8f" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">拓扑几何分析运用辛几何、微分几何、KAM定理和Poincare - Birkhoff定理等，从拓扑结构层面研究系统，揭示系统的深层次几何性质和动态规律。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1un6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">统计分析包含Perron-Frobenius理论、遍历理论、平均场理论、重整化群理论和临界理论等，可从大量数据中挖掘系统的统计特征和规律。平均场理论能将复杂多体问题简化为单体问题，在气体、固体、液体研究及复杂网络分析中被广泛应用，帮助挖掘系统统计特征；重整化群理论则在量子场论、统计力学领域发挥重要作用，近年来拓展到非线性动力系统分岔、非平衡相变、复杂网络动力学等大量复杂系统涌现行为的研究中。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt111i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由于系统不同层面都需要动力学描述，非线性动力学理论适用于不同层次的分析。此外，复杂网络理论与方法也在涌现研究中发挥着重要作用，它能描述系统中个体之间的相互关系和连接结构，为理解系统的整体行为提供新视角 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[52, 53, 54, 55]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.39650413983440663" data-type="png" data-w="1087" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="366" data-height="145" data-backw="562" data-backh="223" data-imgfileid="100247574" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bc45c6c4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRibyP0cQcwssQ6H2DWrGYoXIDcxUYvo68QbIm6j6wKh3zmE64Vt8B7H3yfS4f6HjiazsvOiadmcbAFTVLClv0sHtgBUraUfkwYj4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">四、展望与思考</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1n2q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">下面我想尝试从科学研究的基础范式来探讨一下关于复杂系统及其涌现问题的探究模式。科学研究通常遵循三部曲，即寻规律、探法则、溯本源，这是由浅入深、由表及里的科学探究模式。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1sgn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">经典力学的发展便充分体现了这一点。开普勒仰望星空，通过观测天体运行数据，总结出天体运行相关规律，但这样的数据囿于时空尺度的限制，难以得到宇宙级、长时的数据。伽利略作为实验室构建的第一人，通过在人工建立的实验室中测量可控实验数据，归纳出力学相关规律。在前人寻规律基础上，牛顿提出力学三定律和万有引力定律，探求运动和力的因果法则，找到了宇宙运行的基本法则。拉格朗日和哈密顿则建立了分析力学，借助能量函数、约束条件和变分，遵循最小作用量原理，对运行法则进行溯源。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4159090909090909" data-type="png" data-w="880" style="background-color: transparent;width: 533px;height: 222px;" data-width="287" data-height="119" data-imgfileid="100247575" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=230cfff2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTTuGkytRG9ibY0ibibc5uhnJjOhzaHm6wn9Qk78bkJLkuDzkM8wv1cicCibFH1icDvTmqIOgl79LHCnA3WybjBKcUKKKSjLibxgQAKBE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8197424892703863" data-type="png" data-w="466" style="background-color:transparent;width:259px;height:212px;" data-width="152" data-height="125" data-imgfileid="100247576" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6e985b36&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS6988IiaUWLIUEr1M7KmiaY3F2mku382agOgWSdbcAS0cq8xLxUxr0NibiarBPHCias0JCHw4MY4yMboTXMZ3mHbNgHNF1rUZbyxqQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1d2k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不过，复杂科学的研究三部曲并非如此简单机械，也不一定遵循这样的顺序。在当下人工智能的助力下，复杂科学研究需要螺旋式上升的多轮、反复研讨过程。这意味着需打破传统研究模式的局限，灵活运用多元方法与工具，持续开展深度探索。这对我们提出了更高的要求，需要我们以更开放的思维、更创新的方式去进行科学研究，不断推动复杂科学向前发展。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5729166666666666" data-type="png" data-w="576" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="213" data-height="122" data-backw="562" data-backh="322" data-imgfileid="100247577" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=279f1948&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTtII3Ybv1TeSv05aMKMwQed16rNdFcE0yURAIWUgOumCsStoLyNTfRLTV9WPKUFzAZBVbpH2qN8f5Se4zVA75IvFwt1A7EiaH4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt218a" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涌现研究的“自上而下-自下而上”范式本质上是系统科学的基本方法。系统科学是在还原论和整体论之间架起了桥梁，既不否定对微观机制的探究，也强调宏观层次的独特性质，让我们得以跳出非此即彼的研究框架，更全面地触碰复杂系统的本质。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1uqn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统学有一个最简单且基本的原理，即系统的结构与环境共同决定其功能，而系统的功能又会反过来影响结构与环境，二者呈现出相互影响的双向关系。这意味着系统并非静态的，而是在结构、环境与功能之间不断动态调整和变化。系统功能通常不能简单地归结为各组分自身功能的相加，这种现象被称为“涌现”，也就是“1 + 1 &gt; 2”。这体现了系统的整体性和复杂性，整体所具有的特性和功能是部分所不具备的 </span></span><span style="color: rgb(100, 37, 208);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[56]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrty4d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">还原论一直以来都是推动人类文明进步的基石，也是系统论产生和发展的基础。不过，系统论既不同于单纯的还原论，也不是整体论，而是二者的辩证统一。这种统一使得系统论有超越还原论的可能，能够更全面、更深入地理解和解释复杂系统。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1ge8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从复杂系统的系统论角度来看，涌现是系统由许多简单部分相互作用时，自发产生的全局性特性或行为，包括动力学涌现、结构涌现和统计涌现，这些涌现特性无法直接从个体部分的性质推导出来。涌现又可分为弱涌现和强涌现，其中弱涌现的全局行为可通过理解个体规则和相互关系逐步推导，比如气体分子的相互作用能解释气压和温度等宏观特性；强涌现的全局行为则无法通过个体部分理解直接推导，常见于神经网络、生命现象等复杂系统中。同时，系统具有自适应性，个体以及复杂网络在其中发挥着重要作用，还会出现意识、智能、群体行为等涌现现象，比如人类大脑包含数十亿个活动简单的神经元，却能通过相互作用产生意识和智能；每只蚂蚁个体行为简单，但蚁群却能通过集体合作展现出寻找食物、建立巢穴等高度协调的复杂群体行为。尤其值得注意的是，人工智能和生成式智能的涌现可能不只是简单的“多者异也”，控制、反馈、自组织和临界性等关键要素可以共同塑造系统的整体行为和发展。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt995" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涌现是复杂系统大量个体的集体抉择。正如复杂系统研究指出的，复杂系统由无数个体组成，聚集在一起会呈现出不会体现在个体特性中、也无法轻易从个体特性中预测的集体特性，不同个体对规则的不断重复可以产生复杂的自组织行为。在不同约束条件下，个体间通过各种交互规则，或协同或竞争，形成不同时空尺度的集体形态。这一点在鸟群、细菌群落、智能活性粒子机器人组等活性物质系统中得到验证：这类系统中的个体无需更高层次的指令，就能自发形成有序的集体形态。这里的交互规则丰富多样，涵盖物理与非物理、互易与非互易、对齐与同步等。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtmyz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们可以选择慢主导、快跟随的策略，也就是协同学中的支配原理。在状态空间里，沿着中心流形演化，也就是依据序参量来行动。这样，我们就能穿越复杂的能量景观，最终抵达集体抉择的“吸引子”。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1bkj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涌现的微观－宏观叙事是复杂科学的核心场景之一，这不仅需要科学的严谨，还需要激情的驱动。恰似我们穿行于人生的山谷，既要以理性为灯指引方向，也要以无畏热情披荆斩棘，方能在复杂莫测的人生之路上不断前行，实现自我的突破与成长。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt15m0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">回顾我投身复杂性研究的人生历程，恰似从一个山谷迈向另一个山谷的旅程。当我们历经艰辛爬上山顶，视野豁然开朗，能看到众多山谷，还能听到山谷中音乐的回响。此时，我们站在临界态，拥有无尺度的视野，面临着抉择。我愿分享草就的一首小诗，与各位朋友共享今天在集智谷的思想碰撞和涌现狂欢：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1wu7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人生，就是</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt7oy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从一个山谷</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt20r2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">到另一个山谷的旅程</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1rul" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当你努力爬上山脊</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt225q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">你能看到众多的山谷</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1ltr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">听到山谷中音乐的回响</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt3ts" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">抉择，在临界态</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt1qg1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">无尺度的一览众山</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtshw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">于是又开始了</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt14jf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">山谷中的涌现</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrtql0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">山谷间的相变</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt2469" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这场朝向另一个山谷的复杂性探险旅程，我们已然窥见谷底隐约的路径，也聆听到山谷中悠悠的音乐回响，吸引着一代代研究者不断前行，去揭开涌现背后更深层的奥秘，为人类理解复杂世界打开更开阔的大门。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrt9p3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">谢谢大家！</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.66625" data-type="png" data-w="1600" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1600" data-height="1066" data-backw="562" data-backh="374" data-imgfileid="100247578" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c811fded&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ7PfibBXpdZg1j0kGP3WvibDnfCsyORadibBrEuTM2ibkXyzHlDYBOYyA61nrT0r8ibqG0jycuIIprFalPTKB8iahD1yReUktwO5kpI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.7777777777777777" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="1080" data-height="1920" data-imgfileid="100247579" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6a15dd91&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSIxobF02yPDQicg7GXjo8Mrqd2FNRDwPhRqT5YBPyLsvj6f4WjwJgNV8Hu0upeick7d9ia4lFttqAQrUrkib0V89mgZfoVmfIQtXE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></p></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;width: 661px;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-left: 4px;outline: 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left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0vjmrut96" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp0w2iph1gz3"><span leaf="">[56] 郭雷. 系统科学进展//系统科学丛书. 科学出版社, 2017.</span></span></span></p></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 3px;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 1px;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">参考文献可</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">上下滑动</span></strong><span leaf="">查看</span></p></div></div><div data-id="98953" 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data-mpa-action-id="mpc0v9zrm30" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">1. </span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mpc0v9zjwci"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="text-decoration-color: transparent;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731528&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=e95f6c8f1cc33141a3e6a0c4f415d0d1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="山谷中的脑力激荡——六位重磅嘉宾揭秘AI时代下的复杂科学" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">山谷中的脑力激荡——六位重磅嘉宾揭秘AI时代下的复杂科学</span></a></span></span></span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mgkodgd51ik" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span data-mpa-action-id="mlgisegq1jh0" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">2. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247730861&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ae856f53dd9b384fafc9588fa4bf056f&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="Complexity, let&#39;s rock!" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">Complexity, let&#39;s rock!</span></a></span></span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mgkodgd51ik" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span data-mpa-action-id="mlgisegq1jh0" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">3. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247724160&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=2319f3945c899ac87a4039b4195747db&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="综述：涌现自组织的原理" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">综述：涌现自组织的原理</span></a></span></span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">4. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247729878&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=84ec4809d79b78a04a2a6a398dd50234&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="涌现——AI“思考”背后的科学｜杨明哲" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">涌现——AI“思考”背后的科学｜杨明哲</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">5. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247728371&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=bf725bda68b9313befc9c906da1dbbc8&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="Patterns：量化涌现复杂性" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">Patterns：量化涌现复杂性</span></a></span></strong></p><p data-pm-slice="4 5 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">6. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247726146&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b72b038479b0db48ea95d0fc3e7f88f9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者</span></a></span></strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">8. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">9. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="325" data-backw="578" data-imgfileid="100236176" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b440b63a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWIQ6jnCicOjE0871icX5jDeO9ae3mLb0rA2LAmicBSjrMobialpbJDUgK1SOicMukof4WnRb9rvXqc4IhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: right;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mpc4x5trrry" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mpc4x5u82qm" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><a class="wx_topic_link" topic-id="mpc4x2pq-7z47lv" style="color: #576B95 !important;" data-topic="1" data-recommend="">#原创</a></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 14:30:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>集智百科：IIT1.0——整合信息Φ与网络社团结构是什么关系？｜马晓琛、杨明哲</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731560&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=3c5f5876ff3a14080fc461fcbe87f542</link>
      <description>本文旨在梳理整合信息论（IIT）1.0的内容和发展脉络</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>集智百科团队</span> <span>2026-05-18 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e438aba2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRsBaHAoibjUMepYopHbCaR4ib7R6u0iaBotq72HFzER7m9HKlWWmzDK3bU1IlaNQXRhN3HMhiaOvGUbStniarhkJCSqqia9eH8WMNRs%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>本文旨在梳理整合信息论（IIT）1.0的内容和发展脉络</p>
  <div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="2" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1024" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: transparent;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;height: auto !important;" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/qZtAVROIcHTMnb7oP9tCcfGzQ5G2HeOH9vPMrEMlmGRzPh0w8icyySq4VvC5bshyK3IIpicYrF91IQXGMA6W8PfBSNJFU9qfRbnaib1xia6QiccQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-cropselx2="578" data-cropsely2="325" data-backw="578" data-backh="578" data-imgfileid="100246432" data-aiimageid="41072680278704128" data-aiimagesource="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e0ec2f42&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTMnb7oP9tCcfGzQ5G2HeOH9vPMrEMlmGRzPh0w8icyySq4VvC5bshyK3IIpicYrF91IQXGMA6W8PfBSNJFU9qfRbnaib1xia6QiccQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 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0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">“集智百科精选”是一个长期专栏，持续为大家推送复杂性科学相关的基本概念和资源信息。作为集智俱乐部的开源科学项目，集智百科希望打造复杂性科学领域最全面的百科全书，欢迎对复杂性科学感兴趣、热爱知识整理和分享的朋友加入，文末可以扫码报名加入百科志愿者！</span></span></strong></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;outline: 0px;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="md85321l1f2"><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="width: 157px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246469" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7ec9b86a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSoDUDicUxURrxCK6VYaFMCjibhbN1fziaNWuWLMQOZ26c3QjuRofrCmeGrnzkYHmTIibvMRCuhb7kcwNHdQPAuibKVs2b8Ch8p803Y%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">↑↑↑扫码直达百科词条</span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-decoration-style: solid;text-decoration-color: rgb(73, 73, 73);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="">马晓琛、杨明哲</span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 13px;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">| 作者</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;" data-pm-slice="3 1 []"><span mpa-font-style="mk53ocxbol0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 218);font-weight: bold;">作者简介</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><div><p style="display: inline-block;margin-bottom: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="316" data-backw="562" data-ratio="0.5625" style="width: 100%;" data-type="jpg" data-w="1280" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=258425d3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRCTQ7kibocoS92giaK7TGZxOibU20wmvQBic9pgHGGSEIYyaYn1OVyWlPYqic9ue28ianib5aBK735bYLbskRFbicNFCOL0TvjpTHvGco%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p></div><div><p style="display: inline-block;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="316" data-backw="562" data-ratio="0.5625" style="width:100%;" data-type="jpg" data-w="1280" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fbfa8017&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRyogecUChIDCNJlqzoXHrIHYusu0YeaI5BPcJy2xFJmCSibNoxCTAroEURgSlE9YHmJnEKGfvaz4jpJZP12TBD2nK99TPnoGcE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p></div></div></div><div mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div mpa-from-tpl="t" style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;line-height: 1.75em;visibility: visible;"><div data-id="85410" data-tools="135编辑器" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin: 10px auto;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 3px;margin-left: 3px;padding: 20px;outline: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(227, 223, 223) 0px 0px 4px;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mofrbn2z1590" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);font-size: 16px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">目录</span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mk53rg6xh8f" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">1. 历史溯源</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mofrblar21pd"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u1kpz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">2. 意识的现象学特性</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1uryn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.1	分化（Differentiation）</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u19ai" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2.2	整合（Integration）</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u1cnu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">3. 概念的定义和计算</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u1rk2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.1	有效信息</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u1je4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.2	意识的“量”</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u6xe" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.2.1	最小信息二分（MIB）</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1ubnk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.2.2	整合信息(Φ)</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 32px;margin-right: 32px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1usnt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.2.2.1	Φ 值大小的影响因素</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1uh2k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.2.3	复合体（complex）</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u11v3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.3	意识的“质”</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1udzb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.3.1	有效信息矩阵</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u4jv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">3.3.2	感质空间（qualia space）</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1uggy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">4. 计算案例</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u23ja" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.1	四节点系统的计算示例</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u24un" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.2	连续系统的计算</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1uy2y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.3	八节点网络算例</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1um60" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.4	不同网络结构的 Φ 值</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u1g9h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4.5	Φ 值最大化结构</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1ugwf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">5. 神经科学上的应用</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u15o2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">5.1	临床意识评估中的近似应用</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1uwi2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">6. 理论的局限</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u21i3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">6.1	计算复杂度与可扩展性</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u1xof" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">6.2	建模假设与因果结构</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mofrblar7dx"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofrbn1u1nmc" style="font-size: 15px;">6.3	度量定义与可验证性范围</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="line-height: 1.75em;font-size: 15px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">整合信息论（Integrated Information Theory, IIT）是探索意识本质的开创性理论框架。Giulio Tononi最早在2004年提出了首个版本的IIT，并给出了具体的数学框架。本文旨在梳理IIT1.0的内容和发展脉络。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">1. 历史溯源</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr52hh235w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giv1kz6"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识包括对自身内在事物的觉察，以及对外部环境中的状态或对象的认知。千百年来，哲学家、科学家和神学家们一直在广泛解释、分析和辩论关于意识的理论</span></span></span></span><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv1yoi" style="font-size: 15px;"><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[1]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。直至19世纪末，心理学家威廉·詹姆斯</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[2]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">率先将有关意识的讨论和研究带入到了科学研究的范畴里，尤其是启发了后续关于意识的神经关联（Neural Correlates of Consciousness, NCC）的一系列科学研究</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[3]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。在现代意识研究中，“现象意识”这一专业术语是所有意识形式的通用同义词，或简称“体验”，不区分内在与外在，或高阶与低阶类型。随着脑科学研究的进步，“任何形式的经验现象的存在”成为那些神经科学家工作的基础，他们试图分析意识现象学与其相关信息处理在大脑中的精确关系。这一神经科学目标是寻找“意识的神经关联”</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[4]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，即确定足以产生特定意识体验的最小神经机制。然而，NCC研究主要回答“意识与何处相关”，却未从根本上解释“主观体验如何从物理系统中产生”以及“意识有多少”。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giv1k40"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">整合信息论由Giulio Tononi于2004年提出，从意识的现象学公理出发，反向推导出意识必需的物理基础，并提出了整合信息的量化指标——Φ值，用以衡量一个系统的意识水平。整合信息论试图回答意识的两个核心问题：</span></span><span leaf=""><br/></span><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giva4s"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识的“数量”：一个系统具有多强意识（意识的程度或水平）。</span></span><span leaf=""><br/></span><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5givwcv"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识的“质量”：一个系统具有何种意识（意识的具体内容或体验）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5givg6b" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">整合信息论不仅尝试直面“物理系统如何产生主观”这一根本问题，也首次使意识的定量化、跨系统比较成为可能</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[5]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，为构建可验证、可计算意识科学奠定了重要基础。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">2. 意识的现象学特性</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv1t5v" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">2.1 分化（Differentiation）</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giv16ax"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识体验具有高度的特异性与丰富性。也就是说，在任一时刻，我们都可能处于大量彼此截然不同、泾渭分明的意识状态之中——例如此刻所看到、听到与感受到的复杂场景，与前一刻可能完全不同。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giv1rrs"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一现象表明，清醒意识是由大量具体内容所构成的结构化状态。换言之，从可能状态空间的角度来看，意识系统具有极强的区分能力，能够在众多可能状态中实现精细而明确的区分。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giv2mj"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在整合信息论中，这一特性被概括为系统的“分化”，即系统能够支持的可区分状态的数量与多样性。一个分化程度较高的系统，其内部因果结构允许系统在不同条件下进入大量彼此不同的状态，从而对应于丰富而具体的主观体验。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5givwoj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一性质在形式化上通过有效信息（Effective information, EI）来计算。有效信息衡量的是一个系统（或子系统）能够对另一个系统施加的可能因果效应范围</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[5]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。 为了评估这种因果影响的“特定性”，IIT在计算EI时引入了一种理想化操作：将系统某一部分的输入替换为最大熵的随机噪声源（即完全不确定的输入）。在这一设定下，可以考察系统的因果结构本身能够区分多少种不同的输入情形，并相应地产生多少种不同的输出结果。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5givtn2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，如果一个系统在这种最大不确定性的条件下，仍然能够产生大量彼此区分明确的因果影响（即具有较高的有效信息），则说明其内部因果结构具有较强的区分能力，能够支持丰富多样的状态。这正对应于现象学意义上的“分化”：即意识体验在内容上的高度特异性与多样性。这点也呼应了香农信息论中的一个直觉：一个系统能够区分的可能状态越多，其所蕴含的信息量就越大（尽管这一量化指标也与状态的分布有关）。</span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv1d2y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">2.2 整合（Integration）</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5givw95"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识体验不仅是特定的一个体验，同时它一定是一个整体的体验，不可被分割，这便是整合信息论所有公理里最著名的整合公理（Integration）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofrfqjk1vjo"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">整合的本质是因果上的不可分割性。整合在IIT1.0中定义了意识的“存在形式”——它必须是统一的。而信息性（Information） 则定义了意识的“丰富内容”。一个具有高整合性的系统，其整体对自身的因果效力，大于其各部分因果效力之和。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofrfqjkb3v"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT1.0用数学量Φ（Phi）来精确衡量这种不可分割的程度。Φ值量化了当系统在自然的关节处被分割为两部分时，其内在因果结构所损失的信息量。 所谓“自然的关节处”（natural joint），是指一种假想的最优切分方式：在所有可能的划分方案中，选择一种使系统被分割后所造成的信息损失最小的划分。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofrfxwqok0"><span leaf="">一个系统的Φ值越高，意味着它作为一个统一整体的不可还原性越强，根据IIT，其意识水平也就越高。 IIT1.0理论认为，意识与整合信息的能力有关。这一观点可能看起来并不自明，也许是因为我们在大部分生命历程中都拥有意识，因此习以为常。为了获得一些视角，借助一些思想实验来说明主观体验的关键特性是有用的：它的信息性、统一性以及时空规模。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofrfxwq143o"><span leaf="">意识体验中的信息整合在现象学上是显而易见的：当你有意识地“看到”某一图像时，这个图像会被体验为一个整体，不能被分割成独立体验的组成图像。例如，无论你多么努力，你都无法独立体验颜色和形状，也无法独立体验视觉场左半部分与右半部分。实际上，唯一可以做到的方法是物理上将大脑一分为二，以阻止两半脑之间的信息整合。但这样一来，这种分裂脑手术会产生两个独立的意识主体，每个主体都有较小的可用状态库和更有限的性能。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofrg5au11cr"><span leaf="">考虑另一个思想实验：你可能昏迷数天，只在清醒一秒钟，然后又回到昏迷状态。只要你的丘脑-皮层系统在这一秒钟内能够正常运作，你就有意识。也就是说，一个系统不必探索其状态库来拥有意识，或知道自己应有多有意识：重要的是，这个状态库潜在上是可用的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofrg5auten"><span leaf="">此外，IIT1.0理论能够直接解释为何意识与大脑某些部分相关联以及与某些整体功能模式的关联。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">3. 概念的定义和计算</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5givxl8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息整合度 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 的计算过程如下：首先，将复杂网络抽象为由大脑构成的因果网络，其中节点对应神经元，连边表示神经元之间的突触连接；其次，将连边理解为节点之间的因果作用，其强度由有效信息刻画；最后，系统的信息整合程度定义为其在最优二分划分下的最小因果连接强度，即各子网络之间因果瓶颈处的有效信息。具有最大整合信息的子网络，被认为是意识发生的区域。</span></span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv37h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">3.1 有效信息</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv141i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有效信息是一种因果效应度量，用于衡量子系统A对子系统B的因果影响。它是一种特殊的互信息，即在最大熵干预的前提下，度量A、B两个部分的互信息。具体公式为</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[6]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv141i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.10412573673870335" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1018" style="width: 198px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246470" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=98e6e5d9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSW8u9ZpIF0RodakeFfPmQyvX4mplH1V1emBCZTqXyoQcbXeDQ8mC1a83o5d8w44sLkJrAzs6HWvWyX43YB35EfUbibdpgUqNxg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv141i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="2"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="2" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">M</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">:</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">H</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">+</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">H</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">−</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">H</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">,</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">表示互信息，用于衡量A与B之间的统计依赖性；</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="3"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-msup style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style="display: inline-block;padding-right: 0.05em;padding-left: 0.033em;vertical-align: 0.413em;"><mjx-texatom size="s" texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><msup><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD" data-mpa-action-id="mofsodths8e" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofsodsv16f1"><span leaf="">H</span></sup></span></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofsodsv38x"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">m</span></span></sup></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofsodsv122"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">a</span></span></sup></mi><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofsodsvlqy"><span leaf="">x</span></sup></span></mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">表示在切断A的输入连接后，向其注入最大熵噪声的扰动状态（见图1），这种扰动确保了A的输出变化完全由独立噪声驱动，从而纯粹反映A对B的因果作用。在一个连续的马尔科夫动力学系统中，最大熵分布取决于约束条件。在IIT的具体计算实践中，尤其是在假设系统满足线性高斯动力学的情况下，最大熵噪声通常建模为高斯分布：</span></span><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.16751269035532995" data-type="png" data-w="788" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 119px;height: auto !important;" width="119" data-width="119px" data-imgfileid="100246473" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3e23779f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTV9xgENlgC6opKPhnzJEOqwC3cnhhCOOmElFcs9eL5UN2iclIeuMZPd0BxNlOicoT7iaZMw5G5ichX06YllsHibvnCV4tRt9w9zOicE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></sub><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（ </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="5"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-msub style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style="display: inline-block;padding-right: 0.05em;padding-left: 0.033em;vertical-align: -0.15em;"><mjx-mi size="s" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><msub><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">c</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">p</span></span></mi></msub></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为噪声强度，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="6"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为单位矩阵）；在一个离散的马尔科夫动力学系统中，向其注入最大熵噪声，则是对系统做do干预（do-operator），将A系统状态分布干预成其定义域上的均匀分布（</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="7"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-msup style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style="display: inline-block;padding-right: 0.05em;padding-left: 0.033em;vertical-align: 0.413em;"><mjx-texatom size="s" texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-script></mjx-msup><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><msup><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD" data-mpa-action-id="mofsokrop9a" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofsokr41u93"><span leaf="">H</span></sup></span></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofsokr44ne"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">m</span></span></sup></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofsokr4110h"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">a</span></span></sup></mi><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofsokr41lho"><span leaf="">x</span></sup></span></mi></mrow></msup><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">∼</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">U</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">）。有效信息的高低直接反映了A与B之间因果连接的强度与特异性：若因果连接紧密且分化度（即为子集的状态多样性）高，EI值较高；反之，若连接微弱或因果效应单一，EI值趋近于零。若需详细了解离散以及连续的马尔科夫动力学系统的有效信息计算可以参看有效信息词条。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giv1n7b"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为了全面评估子系统A与B之间的因果交互，因此可以引入双向有效信息，定义为两个方向EI值的总和：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv15ek" style="font-size: 15px;"><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="8"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-mtext style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-A;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mtext space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mo space="3" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mtext space="3" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mtext><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">EI</span></span></mtext><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo data-mjx-alternate="1" stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">⇌</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mtext><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">EI</span></span></mtext><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">→</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">+</span></span></mo><mtext><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">EI</span></span></mtext><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">→</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5givcd4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一度量捕捉了A与B之间双向的因果流动，强调了交互的非对称性——即</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="9"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: 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63);">E</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">→</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 与 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="10"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">E</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">→</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 可能显著不同。双向有效信息是识别系统内部整合能力的关键基础，因为它反映了任意两个部分之间可交换的因果信息总量。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3388888888888889" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246472" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c44aab7b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRr7Ul3ibD5ZuPtlAm5vyYmyTYPibXQ9X7gFPszzdh7PicyaFRtFLicjyxmzw5icv5ia3nMGXAOZziaPfkeXLVJtD7g0ZBEJrQRfIfdT0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv7m2" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mofsmwlqijc" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mofsmwl3va6"><span leaf="">图1</span></span></span><i><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mofsmwl3iu5"><span leaf="">双向 EI为 EI(A⇌B)=EI(A→B)+EI(B→A)</span></span></span></i></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giv23cl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">3.2 意识的“量”</span></span></span></h2><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5givemx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">3.2.1 最小信息二分（MIB）</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw9l8"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">最小信息二分（Minimum Information Bipartition，简称MIB）旨在确定使归一化有效信息（EI）最小化的二分切割方式，其核心是定位系统中最易割裂的“信息断层线”，即识别信息连接最薄弱的分割方案。 它的具体计算步骤如下：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw6z3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1. 选择子系统</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="11"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">⊆</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">X</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，其中 X包含n个元素，S包含k个元素（2≤k≤n）；</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1xsj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2. 枚举所有二分切割 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="12"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-msub style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-script style="display: inline-block;padding-right: 0.05em;padding-left: 0.033em;vertical-align: -0.15em;"><mjx-mi size="s" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">:</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><msub><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">]</span></span></mo><mi><sub leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="moh3hz8n1j3w" data-mpa-action-id="moh3hzbcln0" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></sub></mi></msub></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，需满足</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="13"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="3" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="3" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">∪</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（覆盖子集）且 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="14"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="3" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="3" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">∩</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">∅</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（无交集），归一化有效信息后，有效信息最小的二分割即为所求。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw8b2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">最小信息二分MIB(S)公式定义为：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0824074074074074" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 253px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246474" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=aba4d7bb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRVb6d7ZLBkt8vk0E5b3OzSNvrGllBz4uuvpAkMIY8QuDYCThcicRL1Bz9pX7apyuv06W3A47sdRc4q3DVr0RczzKGH4yEibvwfk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw8b2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">含义为在所有二分切割中选取归一化有效信息最小的划分。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1aky"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">归一化有效信息的计算公式为：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.14074074074074075" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 254px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246475" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a4e86b0d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHThjSxWNMsKibNoJWK4ZJzKZIwYrWSJmeEB1zP59gibqyw3ceRicwcY4kEF3dlBGBHbevXkw0vpwDtdcLiaQ1tTWH4UHfJtaotW3tI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1aky"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中对于一个连续的马尔科夫动力学系统的最大熵</span></span><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw9wu" style="font-size: 15px;"><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="17"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-msup style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style="display: inline-block;padding-right: 0.05em;padding-left: 0.033em;vertical-align: 0.413em;"><mjx-texatom size="s" texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><msup><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD" data-mpa-action-id="mofsrbyq1adz" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofsrby61gyt"><span leaf="">H</span></sup></span></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofsrby61nas"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">m</span></span></sup></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofsrby653h"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">a</span></span></sup></mi><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofsrby6a0e"><span leaf="">x</span></sup></span></mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的计算方式为：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.19537037037037036" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 170px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246476" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=51e8b62a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHT7M8560ibC0kYEL8QtSqDdIxVXYK2UXsmmVjn43JFQCvju3zibsczoYr1Mnc41YEmJ9Foclh4Bkq3MHHwvXCzJiambAt13asU0Tg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw9wu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="19"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mtext space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">m</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mtext><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">dim</span></span></mtext><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">表示 A的维度。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwfhj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而对于一个离散的马尔科夫动力学系统的最大熵</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="20"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-msup style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style="display: inline-block;padding-right: 0.05em;padding-left: 0.033em;vertical-align: 0.413em;"><mjx-texatom size="s" texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-script></mjx-msup></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><msup><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD" data-mpa-action-id="mofss1xtfme" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofss1xd1oyv"><span leaf="">H</span></sup></span></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofss1xd26s"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">m</span></span></sup></mi><mi><sup leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofss1xd16io"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">a</span></span></sup></mi><mi><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="mofss1xd1ufh"><span leaf="">x</span></sup></span></mi></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的计算方式为：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwfhj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.15281501340482573" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="746" style="width: 127px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246477" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=28b8073c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRTUpicv20wglkjw8glgka1P5TXkKyqPiag5w5v2xPCeBED9zGnAoib4dia9ZMbotgV6icicvPaECQDBHicldibdO0YSuMPmXyLdjPBgFQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwfhj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同样的</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="22"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mtext space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">m</span></span></mi><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mtext><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">dim</span></span></mtext><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">表示A的维度。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwur9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">经过了上面的一系列运算，对于集合S的整合信息量</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="23"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">最终根据定义：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw13mw" style="font-size: 15px;"><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="24"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mtext space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mtext style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c><mjx-c style="display: 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63);">ϕ</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mtext><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">EI</span></span></mtext><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mtext><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">MIB</span></span></mtext><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1l78" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">须注意，此处使用的是</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="25"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">M</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对应的未归一化的有效信息值。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw252c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">3.2.2 整合信息(Φ)</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1cfx"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">上面我们了解了整合信息量 Φ的计算框架，接下来我们通过一些具体算例，深入理解Φ的计算及相关特性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw16x8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">指标用于量化系统的内在信息整合能力，其核心在于度量系统各部分之间因果交互的紧密程度，从而反映出系统整合信息的效能。从本质上讲，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="27"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是系统内在属性的函数，具体定义为“在最小信息二分切割下可交换的有效信息量”，适用于量化分布式网络（如大脑）中信息被统一处理的程度</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[7]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。表达式为：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1wr9" style="font-size: 15px;"><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="28"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi space="4" style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">E</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">M</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw9gt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中，S表示待分析的子系统，MIB(S)代表最小信息的二分切割（即在所有对S的二划分中找到能够让两个子网络间有效信息最小的那个划分），EI即有效信息（Effective Information）。该指标通过计算系统“在最小信息二分切割下可交换的有效信息量”，来衡量系统的信息整合能力，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="29"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值越高，表示系统越能作为一个整体进行信息整合，而非仅仅是独立部分的集合</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[5]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1zkw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">3.2.2.1 Φ 值大小的影响因素</span></span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw10dn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">除网络拓扑结构外，连接强度也会影响 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="30"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 值大小。一般而言，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="31"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值随连接平均强度的增加而增加，但并非强度越大越好，强度分配模式同样关键。当平均强度一致时，不同的强度分配模式会导致 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="32"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值差异显著。在保持网络连接总强度不变的情况下，从每个节点都是自环的模式逐渐过渡到每个节点都平等地与其他节点等强度相连，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="33"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值会先增大后减小。这表明，节点并非简单地将连接强度等同分配给所有其他节点，而是需精心选择连接对象，将大量连接强度分配给少数几条连边，且这些连边要尽可能连接其他具有较少连接的节点，此时</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="34"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值更大。此外，动力学也会影响 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="35"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值。通过调节系数c可调整噪声对系统的相对影响大小，结果显示，噪声越强，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="36"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值越小，网络整合度越低。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1zxx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">若将连接视为多个节点建立的信道，由于</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="37"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值是一种有效信息，信道带宽越高，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="38"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值越大。在同等带宽下，节点彼此之间的连接模式极为重要，只有当每个节点尽可能连接不同的节点，增大连接的多样化，最终的</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="39"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值才会更大。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1rv6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">3.2.3 复合体（complex）</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1df" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在前述内容中，已给出了系统整合信息</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="40"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 的计算方法，然而，在确定系统整体的整合信息量水平时，还需要进一步考虑其子集，因为有可能会出现子集的整合信息程度会大于整体的情况，这时整体的整合信息量就由子集主导。为了更好地说明这种情况，IIT1.0引入了复合体（complex）的概念，其定义为复合体是系统X的一个子集S，需要满足以下条件：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwdja" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1、信息整合能力：</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="41"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mo space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn space="4" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(</span></span></mo><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">S</span></span></mi><mo stretchy="false"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></mo><mo><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">&gt;</span></span></mo><mn><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">0</span></span></mn></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，即子集内部能通过因果交互整合信息；</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwsfs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2、最大性：S不被任何其他具有更高</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="42"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 值的子集包含，换言之，复合体是局部最优的信息整合单元。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw7ea" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统中</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="43"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 值最高的复合体称为主复合体，代表系统整体信息整合能力的上限：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1314655172413793" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="928" style="width: 213px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246478" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4b830a8c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR0ZtZwVjM2DzXWy6tnpbA5otJKvTfP3l7Yibg5kKND6H43RWBXxHkGn4CtzgiaRmA0ibvENRYxHE25FVzdf9avTnnP0grX7IiamaE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw7ea" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同时，该复合体的整合信息量</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="45"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也是整个系统的整合信息量</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="46"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwuwd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">3.3 意识的“质”</span></span></span></h2><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1e14" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">3.3.1 有效信息矩阵</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwp99"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在整合信息论中，有效信息矩阵是定义意识体验具体内容与质性的核心数学对象。如果说Φ值量化了意识的“量”（整合程度），那么有效信息矩阵则完整刻画了意识的“质”（独特体验）。它被概念化为感质空间的几何或拓扑结构蓝图。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofsux1lf7z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mofsux2t14de" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有效信息矩阵是一个方阵，其行和列对应于系统主复合体中所有可能的元素子集（或基本元素本身）。矩阵中的每个条目EI(X→Y)表示从一个特定子系统X到另一个子系统Y的有效信息值。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1npc"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">每个EI(X→Y)的计算遵循IIT对有效信息的标准定义：</span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1b4n"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对子系统X施加最大熵干预（即，将其输出替换为所有可能状态上的均匀随机噪声）。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1wbv"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在Y中观察由此引发的状态分布。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1ytz"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">计算X的最大熵分布与Y的响应分布之间的互信息。这个值衡量了X的所有可能输出能在Y中产生多少可区分的因果效应。</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw2254"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">该矩阵包含了主复合体内每一对因果方向的潜在影响力。因此，它不是一个描述观察到的平均活动的“功能连接”矩阵，而是一个描述 全部因果可能性 的“因果潜力”矩阵。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofsvi36vol"><span leaf="">IIT提出，主复合体中的每个基本元素（或功能单元）构成了一个抽象感质空间的一个维度。然而，仅有维度不足以定义体验的质性——关键在于这些维度之间的关系。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mofsvi36241k"><span leaf="">结构决定质性的示例——考虑两个极其简单的系统，每个都由四个元素组成，且计算出的Φ值相同（Φ=10比特）：</span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwvol"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统A（发散结构）：元素1强连接至元素2、3、4，但后三者之间彼此无直接连接。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw24ya"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统B（链式结构）：元素1连接至2，2连接至3，3连接至4。</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7157407407407408" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 496px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246479" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8656b026&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQtt74JSCic1K2ULtAcGlLIImO4bMTRV0tmzNichPkm7icuibIfhdibldbQTZvgsWx22vSWKtboMUQ5ElibYoOINNuaibIAgbx3Jb2DYM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwhp1" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mofsw9fn5yk" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mofsw9f1ppn"><span leaf="">图2</span></span></span><i><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mofsw9f11ic7"><span leaf="">对于具有相同Φ值的两个复合物，有效的信息矩阵和活动状态</span></span></span></i></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw204u"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">具有相同Φ值的两个复合物的有效信息矩阵和活动状态如图2所示。图2a.因果相互作用图和复合物分析，图2a.中展示了两个系统，一个具有“发散”结构（左），另一个具有“链”结构（右）。复合物分析表明，两者都包含一个由四个元素组成的复合物，其Φ值为10。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw21so"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">图2b.为有效信息矩阵，其中展示了上述两个复合物的有效信息矩阵。对于每个复合物，所有二分均通过在上行列出一个部分（子集 A）和在下行列出互补部分（子集 B）来表示。中间是每个二分中从 A 到 B 和从 B 到 A 的有效信息值，颜色编码为黑色（零）、红色（中间值）和黄色（高值）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw7li"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">图2c.是状态图，图中展示了两个复合体的五个代表性状态。每个状态由每个复合体中四个元素的激活状态表示，这些元素排列成一列（蓝色：激活元素；黑色：非激活元素）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw4c7"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这五个状态可以被认为是由于系统的内在动力学或环境输入而随时间演变的。尽管两个复合体的状态相同，但由于有效信息矩阵的差异，它们的含义也不同。最后四列代表四个特殊状态，对应于每次只激活一个元素的状态。如果能够达到这些状态，它们将最接近于该复合体中特定元素所贡献的特定“感觉”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofsx6d4134o" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mofsx6du7df" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">尽管意识“量”相同，但两者的有效信息矩阵截然不同。系统A的矩阵显示出一个中心枢纽与多个终端的关系；系统B的矩阵则显示出一个顺序链式关系。IIT认为，这种信息关系结构的差异，直接对应着意识体验质的差异。系统A的体验可能像一个中心主题带有多个附属属性；系统B的体验则可能像一段线性的序列或流程。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwrti" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">3.3.2 感质空间（qualia space）</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1t84"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感质空间是整合信息论中用于形式化描述意识体验具体内容（即“质性”）的核心抽象模型。它是一个高维的、结构化的数学空间，其几何或拓扑形态完全由物理系统的因果结构决定。IIT提出，每一种可能的意识体验，都对应于此空间中的一个特定点或区域；而体验之间的相似性与差异性，则对应于空间中点与点之间的距离与关系。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofsxmht1uo8" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mofsxmiiama" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">1. 定义与构建原理</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwy4j"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感质空间并非一个预先存在的容器，而是从一个系统的主复合体中“涌现”出来的关系结构。</span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1n3h"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维度：构成主复合体的每一个基本功能单元（例如，一个神经元集群或一个信息处理模块），被定义为感质空间的一个独立维度。因此，一个具有N个功能单元的主复合体，其感质空间就是一个N维空间。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwkwg"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">结构：这些维度之间的关系并非彼此正交、独立。它们之间的“夹角”或“连接强度”，由有效信息矩阵中的条目精确界定。矩阵中两个单元之间的有效信息值越高，意味着它们在因果上耦合越紧密，在感质空间中对应的两个维度也就越“接近”或关联越强。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1yd5"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">构建：因此，有效信息矩阵是感质空间的生成蓝图。通过这个矩阵，可以计算出空间的内在几何（如维度间的距离、曲率）或拓扑（如连接图）。一个高度整合、结构复杂的主复合体，将产生一个维度极高、内部结构极其丰富的感质空间。</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mofsxzx2hoy" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mofsxzxtdae" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">2. 核心作用：将体验映射为数学对象</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwyd2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感质空间的概念，旨在为第一人称的主观体验提供一个第三人称的、可数学描述的对应物。</span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw15dm"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">体验即位置：在任一时刻，主复合体内所有功能单元的特定活动模式（例如，特定神经元的放电率），为感质空间的每个维度提供了一个坐标值。这组坐标在空间中唯一地确定了一个点。这个点就代表了系统在该时刻的完整意识体验。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1gbt"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">质性差异即几何差异：两种不同体验（如“看到红色”与“听到中音C”）之间的质性差异，对应于它们在感质空间中相距甚远，且可能位于由不同维度子集所张成的不同子空间中。而相似体验（如“深红”与“浅红”）则在空间中彼此邻近。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwim"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">解释现象学关系：意识体验中固有的现象学关系（例如，红色与橙色感觉上比红色与喇叭声更接近），被直接归因于感质空间的几何结构。负责编码红色的神经元集群与编码橙色的集群，它们之间的有效信息值（因果互动）高于它们与听觉集群之间的值，因此在感质空间中，前两者对应的维度夹角更小，距离更近。</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwnrl"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感质空间是IIT试图桥解释义鸿沟的关键尝试。它将“难以言喻”的感质，转化为可原则上从系统物理状态计算得出的空间结构。它使比较不同系统（人、动物、潜在的人工智能）的意识内容成为理论可能——即比较它们的感质空间几何。简而言之，感质空间 是IIT将意识质性数学化、几何化的雄心勃勃的理论工具。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">4. 计算案例</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw7a8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为了将整合信息论的形式化定义转化为直观理解，本小节通过一个高度简化的计算案例，逐步演示Φ值的核心计算流程</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[8]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。考虑一个由若干元素组成的系统X。每个元素（例如，可类比为大脑中的一个皮层微柱）可以处于不同的离散活动状态。系统的动力学由元素间的连接权重矩阵定义。我们的目标是：分析系统X的所有可能子集，计算每个子集的整合信息量Φ，并最终识别出系统中的复合体——即那些具有正Φ值且不被更高Φ值子集所包含的元素子集，它们被认为是意识体验的潜在物理载体</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[9]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwbbw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">4.1 四节点系统的计算示例</span></span></span></h3><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.42685185185185187" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246480" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ccaca0c8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTIMjicdBsNNHibbxtiaq2zeYaeUWbZtesbQluQYYpk1nLejrTqtqCMyVTM9bRUguiaaHFCdciaerJ8YSn6XFeNic1zcTYZBlr9vt1kU%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw36l" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mofszejwcz6" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mofszej6cny"><span leaf="">图3 </span></span></span><i><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mofszej619p7"><span leaf="">有效信息、最小信息二分法与复合体</span></span></span></i></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw286"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">考虑一个系统X，其中包含多个元素。论文通过分析其中一个由四个元素{1,2,3,4}组成的子集S来演示（图3c）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1yo5"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">计算发现，子集{3,4}和{1,2}的Φ &gt; 0。 然而，子集{1,3}、{1,4}、{2,3}、{2,4}以及所有三个或四个元素的组合（如{1,2,3}）的Φ = 0。 因此，{3,4}和{1,2}都是复合体。它们彼此没有重叠，且都不是对方的一部分。 假设{3,4}的Φ值更高，那么它就是该系统在这一尺度下的主复合体。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw22fa" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">4.2 连续系统的计算</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1g09" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">下面，为了展示</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="47"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的计算，让我们考虑一个简化的连续模型，即一个线性动力学高斯噪声模型。例如，一个包含n个元素的孤立神经系统，这些元素可视为神经元组，其活动变量表示各组在数百毫秒内的放电率，彼此间的相互作用</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[6]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，我们可以用一个线性化的动力学对其进行描述：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1g09" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.13128491620111732" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="716" style="width: 120px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246481" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4773806b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTH4d1CndITka54rY7DpOQqXU0o5oAdkYN3XB2ibUiayCjxffHSVEa8RGa2WIQQ8vib0ajXLUiacXs4DibT5SU3ElwHQfQvW7lLiciamc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1g09" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中，</span></span><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.21363636363636362" data-type="png" data-w="440" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 82px;height: auto !important;" width="82" data-width="82px" data-imgfileid="100246482" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e1afd9c7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSxjPOhDLRbqH4d7tLevfjcLibCq8AsNRp5njT0YxM9qNy6TicsxBH8lwBk4tIeDlydNt3JZGPtFWhtr9ialB2gC2CmPf7SnNJbUs%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></sub><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为一个标准高斯噪音</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[10]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，c为一个常数，因此</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="50"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">c</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">R</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">表示该向量受强度为c的独立高斯噪声R驱动，A代表X的邻接矩阵，它刻画了X中各个元素之间的联系方式。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwb14"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们仅关注该系统的内在属性，并忽略来自环境的外部输入。因此，我们计算该随机过程的熵（H）是计算有效信息EI关键步骤（详细计算过程参看本词条2.1章节），其计算过程如下：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1398148148148148" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 213px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246483" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9cc344db&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTNOVzpILHsIhB3g51Bia8y6wNH6rjdox41YCDEhTKDBvaiacNqkkf5t1iaBzbIfafJJ6uHdwDoHcOV3tborfrUughZdkWYKVNyvk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwb14"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中协方差矩阵A是由：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.10740740740740741" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 204px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246484" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=dfbfcfb1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQHO4btBZNbTeZ80pap4TKvkmgv3W1HcX2N7XgFJm7yWVkiaFtmuoiaGALDns21dLmoy8FmibsfGMm2eUktP8MnWEHZujQ8dFdcibI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwb14"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">计算的，这里 I为单位矩阵，A为系统的邻接矩阵。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1iut" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">4.3 八节点网络算例</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1bmi"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如图4a所示，存在一个由8个节点构成的网络。其中，节点1、2、3和4构成紧密连接的集团，节点5、6和7构成另一个集团，8号节点作为信号源，指向所有节点。节点状态受指向自身的网络邻居状态以及噪声变量R的影响。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw20nd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">针对该网络，可计算每个子网络的 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="53"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值如图4b所示，各子网络的包含节点情况如图4c所示。图4b的横坐标为 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="54"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值，纵坐标是所有子集编号；图4c中，横坐标表示节点标号，纵坐标表示子集标号，深灰和浅灰格子分别代表因果瓶颈的划分情况（即深灰和浅灰各占一半划分）。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4324074074074074" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="250" data-imgfileid="100246486" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5925b808&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR9YeHibw1J1K1Tz7jTCib532FtCVsktyIE3X5fCDgeCBvqNf8TsjtlhAYxys02e5N2f9C2722wjAnnkfGwibFBZPmAF1rA0Kmvb0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw20nd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mofthk5v1b0o" data-mpa-action-id="mofthk661wwo" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图4 一个八节点的网络构成的简单线性系统(a), 所有子集的φ值计算(b)，各个子集对应的节点元素，以及最小划分情况(c)</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwzfv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从图中可知， </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="55"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值最大的子网络是由节点1、2、3、4构成的彼此互联的社团，其 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="56"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值达到21比特。紧随其后的是者四个节点中的任意三个节点构成的子网络，它们的 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="57"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值相近，仅略低于四节点的社团。再之后是节点5、6、7构成的社团，其 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="58"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值略高于20。整个网络的 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="59"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值约为 7。而网络整体的 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="60"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">应取所有子网络中的最大 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="61"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值，即由节点1-4构成的子网络的21比特。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1l5z" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">4.4 不同网络结构的 Φ 值</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1v1u" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在网络动力学（因果机制）不变的情况下，可比较不同网络结构对整体网络 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="62"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值的影响。如图5所示，仅给出 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="63"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值（因整个网络就是 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="64"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϕ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值最大的子网络），虚线对应因果瓶颈（有效信息最小）的划分处。图A-E均由8个节点构成，图A为单链结构，图B是单链成环结构，图C为双链结构。从A 到C，Φ 值不断增加，在双向连接时达到最大，因为此时左右两部分信息流最大，节点更易形成一个整体。图D和图E呈现中心-外围的连接模式，Φ值较小，因其网络构成过于集中化。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6259259259259259" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246487" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a49f59f8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRFIASpvxic5nBBAZ9keYxpXicLRjKh3Fp9V8yXYWmCehBWRFvyaETYrpYFXMBTWYfibeAAVbHWSdnP10Knkj8D5MuTiciczvdJSu20%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1v1u" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="moftijfxab2" data-mpa-action-id="moftijgefza" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5 五个不同的网络结构及其它们的φ值</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1pv8"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从图5中可知，阴影部分为复形，每个组中都标出了Φ的值。图5的A-E代表不同的有向图结构:（A）有向路径、（B）单向环路、（C）双向环路、（D）扇出有向图（一对多的发散结构）、（E）扇入有向图（多对一的汇聚结构）。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwwu0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">4.5 Φ 值最大化结构</span></span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwe8t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">固定节点数、动力学以及每个节点的连边总数，图4展示了使 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="65"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值最大的八节点网络结构。该网络连接紧密，看似随机却与随机连边网络有显著差异。其特征如下：</span></span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1w7x"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">节点邻居异质性强：每个节点的邻居差异大，不同节点邻居的匹配度仅0.14（相似邻居的比例），而同等规模随机网络的匹配度为0.218。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1qk0"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">出入平衡：几乎每个节点仅有2个输入连边和2个输出连边，这与随机网络中少数节点拥有更多连接不同。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1f55" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">双向互惠连接少：该网络几乎不存在双向互惠连接（即A指向B且B也指向A），而随机网络中此类连接大量存在。此网络具有很高的整合度，</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="66"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值达60.76比特，同等规模随机网络的</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="67"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值仅35.66比特。</span></span></span></p></li></ul><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9527777777777777" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 361px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100246488" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5fc56bf2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQLNEleFaIwibncuNmf0f4IB8W5q2A5We15YLJrJsJKQrQaudib4mTNOjWrfj91efoNxStTmZLC9p5NzpxD6yYGlMz6KEk0V5354%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 13px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="moftjm7d10x6" data-mpa-action-id="moftjm7olzg" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图6 通过搜索所有的八节点的网络结构使φ值最大得到的最优网络结构</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">5. 神经科学上的应用</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwtz3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT1.0最初并未直接用于大规模神经数据分析，而是提供了一种解释框架，用以理解不同脑结构在意识中的作用。例如，Giulio Tononi提出，丘脑—皮层系统由于其高度递归连接与双向交互结构，具有较高的整合信息能力，因此更可能构成意识的神经基础；相比之下，小脑尽管包含大量神经元，但其连接模式以局部前馈为主，跨模块整合较弱，因此被认为对意识贡献有限</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[11]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1o1k"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一观点为解释不同脑区在意识中的差异作用提供了一个结构性标准，即：不是神经元数量，而是因果整合结构决定意识水平。</span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw14pr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">5.1 临床意识评估中的近似应用</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwmb9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由于IIT1.0中</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="68"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的计算复杂度极高，难以直接应用于真实脑网络，研究者发展了一系列基于IIT思想的近似指标，用于评估意识状态。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1vns" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中最具代表性的工作是由Marcello Massimini等人提出的扰动复杂性指数（PCI）方法</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[12]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwbl2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其基本思想为：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwiuo"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对大脑施加外部扰动（如经颅磁刺激，TMS）； 使用脑电（EEG）记录系统响应； 测量扰动后信号的时空复杂性，作为系统信息整合能力的近似。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw18zc"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">该方法已被用于：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwlay"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">麻醉深度评估； 昏迷与植物人状态区分； 临床意识障碍诊断。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwim3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">尽管PCI并非IIT1.0中严格定义的</span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="69"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，但其设计明确受到整合信息论启发，被视为IIT思想在临床中的重要落地。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moftko0s1dd6" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="moftko1h1dj1" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">将IIT1.0应用于神经数据时，通常首先将尖峰放电、局部场电位（LFP）、脑电（EEG）或功能磁共振（fMRI）等数据离散化为二元向量。常见做法是将时间切分为等长时隙，并对每个通道施加阈值，将其编码为“高/低”或“有/无”活动状态。随后，再由观测数据统计或模型拟合得到TPM。 典型流程如下：</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw152x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对神经数据</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[13]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">进行预处理、去噪与标准化；</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1l7h"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">依据实验设计选定时隙长度与离散化阈值；</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw12q7"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">构造系统状态空间；</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1bsb"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">统计状态转移频率或拟合转移模型；</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1kgt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由 TPM 计算 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="70"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX-I;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">E</span></span></mi><mi><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">I</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、MIP 与 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="71"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1qlu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在神经科学语境中，IIT1.0的核心含义是：当一个神经系统内部具有更强的相互作用、反馈环路与整体协同，而不是仅由彼此独立的局部模块构成时，其 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="72"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 值往往更高。相反，若系统只是由彼此几乎独立的单元拼接而成，则其集成信息较低。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1i1g"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一思想与某些神经结构的经验观察相一致。例如，丘脑—皮层网络通常被视为高度整合的系统，而小脑虽然神经元数量丰富，却因局部模块化强、跨模块交互相对有限，通常被认为对意识整合的贡献较低。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwvga" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">总体而言，IIT1.0在神经科学中的贡献在于提供了一种从“信息整合”角度理解意识相关神经机制的形式化框架。它将神经系统视为可离散化的因果动力系统，并通过 TPM、有效信息、MIP 与 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="73"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 等工具，将“意识水平”与“系统内部因果整合”联系起来。尽管其原始定义在实际神经数据中的可计算性有限，但这一框架为后续的意识测量、麻醉评估与脑网络比较研究奠定了重要基础</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[14]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">6. 理论的局限</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw120d"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">尽管整合信息论为意识研究提供了一个形式化的信息论框架，但其在理论定义与实际应用层面均存在若干局限。这些问题在后续发展中逐步推动了IIT2.0与IIT3.0的提出与修正。</span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwib4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">6.1 计算复杂度与可扩展性</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw23hh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT1.0的一个核心问题在于其计算复杂度。整合信息 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="74"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 的计算依赖于对系统所有可能划分方式的枚举，并在每一种划分下计算有效信息。这一过程的复杂度随系统规模呈指数级增长，使得该方法在实际神经系统（如大规模脑网络）中的直接应用受到显著限制。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw538"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在后续版本中，IIT2.0尝试通过改进归一化方法与划分策略，对计算过程进行一定程度的简化；而 IIT3.0 则进一步引入“概念结构”（conceptual structure）与“机制—结果库”（cause-effect repertoire）的框架，从而在理论层面重新组织计算对象，但整体复杂度问题仍未根本消除。</span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1zd6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">6.2 建模假设与因果结构</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw23d1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT1.0依赖将系统建模为二态离散单元，并假设系统以同步、马尔可夫方式演化。然而，实际神经系统具有连续动力学特征、异步更新机制以及多时间尺度依赖关系，这与 IIT1.0 的基本假设存在差异</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[15]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw2428" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">此外，神经数据在离散化过程中需人为设定时间窗口与阈值，这种建模选择可能对最终的 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="75"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 计算结果产生显著影响。IIT2.0在一定程度上放宽了对系统划分与归一化方式的限制，但并未从根本上解决连续系统建模的问题；IIT3.0 则转向更加抽象的因果结构描述，试图弱化对具体离散化方案的依赖。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1gkf"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT1.0的理论基础建立在系统内部因果]关系的可识别性之上，其计算过程假设能够获得完整且准确的转移概率矩阵（TPM）。然而，在实际神经科学研究中，系统往往存在未观测变量、噪声干扰以及测量分辨率限制，使得真实因果结构难以精确重建。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwv7q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一问题导致IIT1.0在应用中通常依赖观测数据近似替代理想的因果干预过程，从而在一定程度上削弱了其理论定义与经验测量之间的一致性。IIT3.0对此进行了回应，通过引入“内在因果性”（intrinsic causation）的概念，强调系统自身的因果结构而非外部观测分布</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[16]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，但这一转变也增加了理论的抽象程度。</span></span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1eko" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">6.3 度量定义与可验证性范围</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwfdu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在IIT1.0中，整合信息 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="76"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 的定义依赖于最小信息分割（MIP）以及基于互信息的度量方式。然而，不同归一化策略与距离度量可能导致不同的最优划分结果</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[17]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，从而影响 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="77"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 的数值解释。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwmms" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT2.0对归一化方法进行了修改，以减少划分选择对结果的敏感性；而IIT3.0则进一步放弃单一标量 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="78"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 的充分性，将系统描述扩展为高维“概念结构”，并采用新的距离度量（如概率分布间的距离函数）来定义整合程度。这一变化标志着从“单值指标”向“结构性描述”的转变。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mofr5giwkmq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT1.0提出了“意识对应于信息整合”的理论命题，但其具体预测在经验层面的可验证性仍存在争议</span></span><sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[18]</span></span></sup><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。例如，不同系统在具有相似 </span></span><mjx-container jax="CHTML" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="79"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size-adjust: none;letter-spacing: normal;border-collapse: collapse;overflow-wrap: normal;word-spacing: normal;white-space: nowrap;direction: ltr;padding: 1px 0px;font-family: MJXZERO, MJXTEX;"><mjx-mstyle style="display: inline-block;"><mjx-texatom texclass="ORD" style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-mi style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;"><mjx-c style="display: inline-block;"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-texatom></mjx-mstyle></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="inline"><mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi mathvariant="normal"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span></mi></mrow></mstyle></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 值时，是否必然对应相似的意识状态，仍缺乏一致结论。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giw1ate"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">此外，IIT1.0对不同神经结构（如丘脑—皮层系统与小脑）的解释依赖于其整合程度的差异，但这一解释在不同实验范式中并非总能得到直接验证。为弥补这一问题，后续研究提出了多种近似指标（如基于扰动响应的复杂性测度PCI），用于在实际数据中间接评估系统的整合水平。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-style: normal;font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="mofr5giwv7w"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">总体而言，IIT1.0的局限主要体现在计算复杂性、建模假设、因果可观测性以及度量定义等方面。这些问题并未否定其理论价值，而是推动了整合信息论框架的持续演化。IIT2.0通过对信息度量与划分策略的修正，提高了方法的稳定性；IIT3.0则在更深层次上重构了理论基础，将关注重点从单一数值指标扩展至系统的整体因果结构。该发展路径反映了从“可计算性”到“本体论一致性”的逐步转向。</span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></p></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;width: 661px;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-left: 4px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;height: 360px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;overflow-x: hidden;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;" class="list-paddingleft-2"></ol><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;" class="list-paddingleft-2"></ol><p><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;" class="list-paddingleft-2"></ol><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;" class="list-paddingleft-2"><li><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moftmd5g23ua" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moftmd5g3rd" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> <a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF/6487016" target="_blank">https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF/6487016</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moftmd5gokz" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> Tononi, G.; Edelman, G.M. 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Cambridge University Press.</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moftmd5g1yi4" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> Mediano PAM; Rosas FE; Carhart-Harris RL (2019). &#34;Integrated information as a common signature of dynamical complexity&#34;. Chaos. 29 (4): 043123.</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: left;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moftmd5g1ix" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> Doerig A; Schurger A; Hess K (2019). &#34;The unfolding argument: Why IIT and other causal structure theories cannot explain consciousness&#34;. Consciousness and Cognition. 72: 49–59.</span></span></p></li></ol></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 3px;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 1px;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">参考文献可</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">上下滑动</span></strong><span leaf="">查看</span></p></div></div><blockquote><p><span leaf="">本词条由集智俱乐部众包生产，难免存在纰漏和问题，欢迎大家留言反馈，一经采纳，可以获得对应的积分奖励噢！</span></p></blockquote><h1 style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, 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400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp4od" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">创作新词条：</span></span></strong><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">覆盖复杂系统、人工智能等前沿领域</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp1fb8" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">迭代经典内容</span></span></strong><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：更新现有词条，守护知识的准确性与时效性</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span mpa-font-style="mkt66dpps3k" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">质量守护者</span></span></strong><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：参与内容校对审核，共建精品知识库</span></span></span></p></li></ul><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp1oqc" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">🌟 </span></span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">我们期待您</span></span></strong></span></span></p><ul style="list-style-type: circle;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong mpa-font-style="mkt66dppbtf" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">集智读书会成员（需完成一期字幕任务）</span></span></strong></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp1wtb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">拥有清晰表达复杂概念的写作能力</span></span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp7ua" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对特定领域有深度研究或强烈兴趣</span></span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp10m5" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">具备信息检索与整合素养</span></span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 24px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dppp1m" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">怀揣责任感与协作精神，愿为知识共享赋能</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp5da" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">🎁 </span></span></span><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">您将收获</span></span></strong></span></span></p><ul style="list-style-type: circle;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp1hj" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">百科积分（支持兑换集智俱乐部周边：文化衫、复杂科学知识卡以及提现）</span></span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp67x" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">集智俱乐部创始人张江教授亲自指导写作</span></span></p></li><li><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp1q5m" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">科研志愿者晋升通道：表现优异者可加入张江教授科研团队从事科研志愿者</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong mpa-font-style="mkt66dppuhc" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">你的百科贡献之路，从一字一句开始！</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkt66dpp1w5x" 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rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">详情请见：</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247721276&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=aa782123662be5cd118f32f70e8b639a&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="走向意识科学：从现象之窗到理论之梯" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" 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target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247722355&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b9f14c242ea3f93bf190133073a0975a&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="Tononi亲临解读丨整合信息论：意识本位的研究新范式？" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">Tononi亲临解读丨整合信息论：意识本位的研究新范式？</span></a></span></strong></p><p data-pm-slice="4 5 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">4. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247726146&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b72b038479b0db48ea95d0fc3e7f88f9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者</span></a></span></strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">7. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="325" data-imgfileid="100236247" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=17a516bc&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWLs8IKWSEh3VEs2oqhtxJ32JLvVjDzdLbK512qJYHu2fvKiabla6qVHYPsmtu0sYTHNxpia662WwY4Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: currentcolor none 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;" data-mpa-action-id="mel6pxjnzpp"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>山谷中的脑力激荡——六位重磅嘉宾揭秘AI时代下的复杂科学</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731528&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=e95f6c8f1cc33141a3e6a0c4f415d0d1</link>
      <description>集智学术年会6位重磅学者围绕“AI时代下的复杂科学”展开深入讨论</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>集智编辑部</span> <span>2026-05-17 15:12</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a1caa199&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTJf6ncib29XrVibQS3F4Hp9w5UN2LEGZvJakaBd8cKEJiaicN0Rdosau3ASkHaMibLobSWFvQYhVU5fQhZzD7llQuVP9Wia6cOMuBpY%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>集智学术年会6位重磅学者围绕“AI时代下的复杂科学”展开深入讨论</p>
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powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">从大语言模型到 AI for Science，人工智能正以前所未有的速度重塑科学研究与社会运行方式。而当 AI 展现出越来越强的生成、推理与协作能力时，一个更深层的问题也随之浮现：我们究竟应该如何理解 AI 本身？</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">某种意义上，今天的大模型已经不只是工具，而是一类新的复杂系统：海量参数相互耦合、多尺度结构不断出现，并持续与人类社会深度互动和演化。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">这意味着，人工智能的发展，已经不再只是计算机科学的问题。如何理解智能的涌现，如何刻画复杂系统中的层次性、关联性与适应性，如何应对技术扩张带来的系统风险，这些问题，正重新将系统科学与复杂性科学推向时代前沿。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">在此次圆桌论坛中，6位重磅学者将围绕“AI时代下的复杂科学”的核心议题展开深入讨论。这不仅是一场关于 “AI的未来”的思考，也是一场关于“智能本质”的追问。</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">集智编辑部<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨整理</span></span></p></div><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q55yh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">圆桌主持人：</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.4994179278230502" data-type="jpeg" data-w="2577" style="background-color:transparent;width:201px;height:301px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=430db926&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：北京师范大学系统科学学院教授，集智俱乐部创始人，集智学园（北京）科技有限公司创始人兼董事长，集智研究中心理事长，National Science Review 编委成员。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51v4j" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">论坛嘉宾：</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.5023474178403755" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1065" style="background-color:transparent;width:208px;height:312px;" data-width="1065" data-height="1600" data-imgfileid="100247623" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3276f2f8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQwAI980SjaQFZMAs6OY5IyudNgJllEEAiakAGBpNaA7fvLz1ThHQXHgg7O8C5MpNrENPOcZNhm6bst3m4Ksw2vQsJnoPr3Ak9A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q515hc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">郭雷</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：中国科学院院士、现任中科院数学与系统科学研究院特聘研究员、中科院国家数学与交叉科学中心主任、中科院信息技术学部主任、亚洲控制协会主席等。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.665572942958102" data-type="jpeg" data-w="3962" style="background-color: transparent;width: 239px;height: 159px;" data-width="3962" data-height="2637" data-imgfileid="100247625" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c14fa631&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSSqlV4G0C2IAUJPaHUiclfIicdr8IcE40BHiaiakX3iaWcOBVXZZPsQVU9KSC6TozqXe64hSfR2cNeldGBJl7SVwKZJRaHA6bLrzqI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q52yc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">陈关荣</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：香港城市大学讲座教授， 北京大学长江讲座教授。法国诺曼底大学荣誉博士学位，欧洲科学院院士，发展中国家科学院院士。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.5005645464809936" data-type="jpeg" data-w="2657" style="background-color: transparent;width: 221px;height: 332px;" data-width="2657" data-height="3987" data-imgfileid="100247627" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a857641c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSwj6EaHcq6K0dicWbYyjTs35sey2jJKlH5oZhDEhPlQ6UicXe2oibsBHWGGibpaEbxmCoDJic8nCvWUcuiaa8v1gxGXsFOQpYuiciaKXA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51a75" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">狄增如</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：北京师范大学系统科学学院教授，珠海校区复杂系统国际科学中⼼主任，国际系统与控制科学院院⼠。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.5007575757575757" data-type="jpeg" data-w="2640" style="background-color:transparent;width:216px;height:324px;" data-width="2640" data-height="3962" data-imgfileid="100247628" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=45285217&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRialWRjBhoFjTGAI9TzxGrB597FZOYy55I9DI0rHooBtVyjibXicbva5jyZcN6kN2RHmFFFvibJRZqlfQGjSCj10UgVRcA48zQ2hA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q510ip" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">樊京芳</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：北京师范大学系统科学学院教授、院长，国家级人才计划入选者（2025年获批国自然青A，2020年获批国家高层次人才计划-青年项目），德国波茨坦气候影响研究所客座教授。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.4986625907527704" data-type="jpeg" data-w="2617" style="background-color:transparent;width:212px;height:318px;" data-width="2617" data-height="3922" data-imgfileid="100247631" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=caf2d958&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQkkgZYlBV1ExP0xaVe4ibbZNn5z9U0lnk3yicX5vdjFlLKkcWiclb3icFkicP0FbLicibKunxfEsZYQJh4ByuhYqgbe5SDW6Ox8qicpps%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51dnv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">兰岳恒</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：北京邮电大学物理科学与技术学院教授，北京邮电大学“数学与信息网络”教育部重点实验室副主任，Communications in Theoretical Physics和Modern Mathematical Physics编委成员。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.4994259471871412" data-type="jpeg" data-w="2613" style="background-color: transparent;width: 213px;height: 319px;" data-width="2613" data-height="3918" data-imgfileid="100247630" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c58d7ac7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHS8ticOG0emofWu2nyCsTrRibgM3WTjmNFeg0LfbmfQFWdK2ENaqDYrOS8rrpiaU9K004nLduIVtoDNyQuuRaic7nLPNn23TciancIw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51rd2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">刘泉影</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：南方科技大学生物医学工程系长聘副教授，PI，广东省杰青、深圳市优青。深圳全域智能科技有限公司创始人。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">与集智俱乐部的结缘与最初印象</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51qou" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51qou" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：非常感谢各位老师、各位朋友以及长期支持集智俱乐部的同仁来到现场，参与今天的圆桌论坛。首先，我想邀请各位老师分享一个问题：各位是什么时候接触集智俱乐部的？初次接触时，对集智的第一印象是什么？我想先请郭雷老师回答。顺便补充一句，二十年前我就跟随郭老师，在中国科学院系统所做博士后。当时集智俱乐部已经在悄悄开展一些线下活动，不过郭老师可能并不知情。今天也想借这个机会请教一下郭老师，您现在怎么看待我当年的这些尝试？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5xgw" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2309859154929577" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1065" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="1065" data-height="1600" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQwAI980SjaQFZMAs6OY5IyudNgJllEEAiakAGBpNaA7fvLz1ThHQXHgg7O8C5MpNrENPOcZNhm6bst3m4Ksw2vQsJnoPr3Ak9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1065" data-cropy2="1323.1818181818182" data-imgfileid="100247623" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3de67642&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHT6n02RcvJArMgEialQNXBveWHqCWYibSDsJ0mMbTbdwchWmWbWN7FmfLicsyesfkGn2YibsuP7noszTRpbWXHkIS8fq7k8tjucWXA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q515hc" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">郭雷</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5xgw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢张江。时间过得很快，转眼已经二十年了。张江是在2006年来到系统所做博士后，但在那之前，我就已经听韩靖提到过集智俱乐部。张江早在2003年便创办了这个平台。当时韩靖向我介绍，说有一位年轻人非常热衷于复杂系统的传播与推广，强力推荐他到系统所工作。不过你来系统所后做的那些线下活动，我当时确实不知道。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51onj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：那如果当时知道，您会支持吗？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5j7g" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2309859154929577" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1065" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="1065" data-height="1600" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQwAI980SjaQFZMAs6OY5IyudNgJllEEAiakAGBpNaA7fvLz1ThHQXHgg7O8C5MpNrENPOcZNhm6bst3m4Ksw2vQsJnoPr3Ak9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1065" data-cropy2="1323.1818181818182" data-imgfileid="100247623" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3de67642&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHT6n02RcvJArMgEialQNXBveWHqCWYibSDsJ0mMbTbdwchWmWbWN7FmfLicsyesfkGn2YibsuP7noszTRpbWXHkIS8fq7k8tjucWXA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q515hc" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 24px; line-height: 1.75em;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;2 2 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">郭雷</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5j7g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：当然会支持。今天看到集智俱乐部能够持续发展二十多年，并产生如此广泛的影响，我感到由衷高兴。很多人或许不认识张江本人，但一定知道集智俱乐部。这本身就说明，它已经成为一个具有广泛影响力的平台。我对此表示诚挚祝贺，也感到非常高兴。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5gza" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢郭老师的支持。接下来请陈关荣老师分享。陈老师可以说是集智俱乐部非常资深的支持者，多年来为我们撰写了大量科普文章。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5ugx" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1596774193548387" data-type="jpeg" data-w="620" style="background-color:transparent;width:35px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="3962" data-height="2637" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHSSqlV4G0C2IAUJPaHUiclfIicdr8IcE40BHiaiakX3iaWcOBVXZZPsQVU9KSC6TozqXe64hSfR2cNeldGBJl7SVwKZJRaHA6bLrzqI/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="265.57377049180326" data-cropx2="885.2459016393443" data-cropy2="725.9016393442624" data-imgfileid="100247625" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=af1667d1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSCf0anlDdHtiaic3ZicX2MJLIicpZGNoFrXeOnCic8ialNf5fHDUyY3rjGyNMSFFYnEELOLGXccbiamXvfypK2BLEpZ2uzFvSUzFsDVE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">陈关荣</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5ugx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我大概是在十年前左右接触集智俱乐部。第一次是在一次复杂网络会议中认识张江，当时了解到他正在从事复杂性相关的科普推广工作。事实上，我从上世纪90年代起便一直研究非线性系统控制与非线性动力学，而这些都属于复杂性研究的重要组成部分。2000年以后，我又开始从事复杂网络研究，因此很自然地对集智俱乐部所做的事情产生了兴趣。后来，我和张江有了更多合作，还共同组织过两次短期复杂科学课程：一次是复杂网络系列课程，邀请了十余位老师授课；另一次是混沌理论课程，分别邀请了十余位老师授课。因为当时正值疫情期间，大部分活动都在线上进行。慢慢地，我对集智产生了很强的归属感，感觉自己像集智的自家人一样，非常熟悉了。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q56jd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢陈老师。下面请狄增如老师。狄老师曾担任北京师范大学系统科学学院院长，也是我的老领导。狄老师，您第一次听说集智俱乐部是什么时候？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5hxw" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1613236814891417" data-type="jpeg" data-w="967" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:42px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2657" data-height="3987" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHSwj6EaHcq6K0dicWbYyjTs35sey2jJKlH5oZhDEhPlQ6UicXe2oibsBHWGGibpaEbxmCoDJic8nCvWUcuiaa8v1gxGXsFOQpYuiciaKXA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="967.6018099547512" data-cropy1="195.47511312217196" data-cropy2="1319.4570135746608" data-imgfileid="100247627" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bc1a2866&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQic7WOQ6Z3kicKDF8ojAD8WaXnNlr2sJJVtbR3KuKbibfuTDoYvPVLfrHTgicIWNaDOZ4v4iawlcSpcsibAgw90t9WMGNUbtFYRQsoo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">狄增如</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5hxw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：张江从郭雷老师那里博士后出站后，便进入了北京师范大学系统科学学院，因此我很早就认识他，也较早接触了集智俱乐部，并参与过不少线下活动。我印象特别深的一次活动，是早年在北京师范大学北太平庄附马路对过有一个新闻电影制片厂。当时那个厂区正处于转型阶段，有很大的空间，集智就在其中举办了一场活动。可能连张江自己都已经忘记了。那时候，张江一直在努力寻找各种空间和资源，以支撑集智俱乐部的发展。我们学院里的很多老师，包括樊老师，当时都在思考：集智俱乐部究竟能不能长期坚持下去？大家也都在帮助它寻找更可持续的发展模式。所以今天看到集智能够坚持到现在，而且始终保持学术上的纯粹性，我认为非常难得。它不仅推动了系统科学和复杂系统研究的传播，也成为北京师范大学系统科学学院在学科建设与社会推广中的一个重要案例。谢谢张江，我们始终把集智俱乐部视为系统科学自己共同体的一部分，我相信我们系统科学学院将来一定能把自己的事情办好。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5k7z" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢狄老师的支持。下一位是樊京芳老师，也是我现在的领导，有请樊老师。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51v7g" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2460063897763578" data-type="jpeg" data-w="939" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2640" data-height="3962" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHRialWRjBhoFjTGAI9TzxGrB597FZOYy55I9DI0rHooBtVyjibXicbva5jyZcN6kN2RHmFFFvibJRZqlfQGjSCj10UgVRcA48zQ2hA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="40" data-cropx2="980" data-cropy1="219.99999999999997" data-cropy2="1389.9999999999998" data-imgfileid="100247628" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ba1bbca&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRTvWNtUEchyoY8qeV7Q7mvbRpwvsrSAFrHMuIrE34MsQdKBXTlKLwS5icAEu9dktD5rChaWxicJEQiazg2Gia4s5ibNicSKmXZrQYXg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">樊京芳</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51v7g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我第一次听说集智俱乐部，大约是在2011年至2012年。当时我还在中国科学院理论所读博士，只是有所耳闻，但一直没有机会深入参与。真正与集智产生较深联系，是在2019年我于德国从事博士后研究期间。当时我在线上做了一次报告，也算是第一次真正参与集智的活动。2020年底回国后，2021年我专门去过一次集智位于丰台的办公空间。给我最大的感受，是那里拥有大量优秀书籍和学习资源，让人非常受启发。后来在2024年，我们地球科学读书会在集智门头沟的场地举行活动，那里甚至还有音乐室和架子鼓。我个人一直觉得，系统科学学院与集智俱乐部之间，是一种“互相成就”的关系。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q521tg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我还想分享一个有趣的小故事。我们有一位国际合作伙伴，研究地球科学与非线性科学。有一次，他投稿时编辑留言说：“虽然我没完全看懂你的文章，但我经常看集智俱乐部的视频，因此我猜测你应该是华人学者。”这让我非常感慨，也说明集智的影响力已经扩展到国际范围，不仅渗透在我们的日常生活、科研中，还涉及科学、艺术、音乐等多个领域。所以就像刚才说的，未来系统科学学院和集智俱乐部，还会继续共同成长。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5y3e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢樊老师。接下来是兰岳恒老师，兰老师也是我们最受欢迎的集智学员讲师之一，非常感谢兰老师给我们讲的那些课程。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51mm" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1470588235294117" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1020" style="background-color:transparent;width:34px;height:39px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2617" data-height="3922" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQkkgZYlBV1ExP0xaVe4ibbZNn5z9U0lnk3yicX5vdjFlLKkcWiclb3icFkicP0FbLicibKunxfEsZYQJh4ByuhYqgbe5SDW6Ox8qicpps/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="60" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="120" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247631" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=19e0af8d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTxgibbgdC1ODnjmBuvALLo8FgibsAQxPGic7w5BeEZ2SQSX1m5QMSumCRsvgIHvv9XGFcheIVRGY6TZItaEyWaKkSicQ2SMKIUMQo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">兰岳恒</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51mm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我很早就接触系统科学。年轻时曾读过许多钱学森先生关于系统科学的著作。刚才郑志刚老师提到一句很有意思的话——“喜欢系统科学的人，通常都有一点文艺气质”，我觉得很有道理。我还去过两次美国的圣塔菲研究所（Santa Fe Institute），当时就想，我们中国有没有这样的平台呢？直到后来，我在线上看到了集智俱乐部的各种宣传，我特别喜欢集智推的大量文章，他们会把文章整理成一个整体，分各个部分推荐，我在那里下载了很多文章来读，很多文章不仅有原文，还有总结与导读，非常好。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q518f2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">真正开始合作，是在2024年冬天，当时集智邀请我做报告，后来我又连续开展了两个系列课程：一个是重整化群（renormalization group），另一个是库普曼算子（koopman operator）。我有一个很深的感受：在线上给学员授课，有时比传统课堂更有活力。许多学员会主动阅读文献、分享资料，甚至推荐一些我此前都没有注意到的文章。这种互动式学习让我非常受启发。我觉得集智开辟了一种新的学习模式，在今天，很多人对传统大学教育存在反思，而集智所形成的这种开放、主动、轻松的学习氛围，恰恰可能是一种新的方向。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5sqn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢兰老师。最后一位是刘泉影老师，也是我们在座最年轻的嘉宾，有请刘老师介绍一下自己。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51jzj" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1618942731277533" data-type="jpeg" data-w="908" style="background-color:transparent;width:34px;height:40px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2613" data-height="3918" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHS8ticOG0emofWu2nyCsTrRibgM3WTjmNFeg0LfbmfQFWdK2ENaqDYrOS8rrpiaU9K004nLduIVtoDNyQuuRaic7nLPNn23TciancIw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="121.69014084507043" data-cropx2="1029.2957746478874" data-cropy1="136.90140845070422" data-cropy2="1191.549295774648" data-imgfileid="100247630" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d78f9b6d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRjq4veUeaIYLuR77h8n13bQodm7GAibuCzpIAsfjQvcLqkDnD6su3H7q8T2x4VOYBhXnhfCrFue8bQmY9QPSTEAicicPlugBtabY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">刘泉影</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51jzj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：大家好，我是刘泉影。非常感谢集智邀请我参加今天的论坛。现在我逐渐意识到，集智邀请我来座谈的原因：我既可以作为女性青年学者代表，也可以在各位前辈老师面前作为学生代表——我刚离开学生时代不久，2019年回国在南方科技大学组建自己的实验室，至今已经发展了六年。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5xbo" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我刚回国不久，就和集智实现了“双向奔赴”。2022年，我受到集智的邀请，开始筹备“神经动力学模型读书会”，并在2023年正式成型。我长期从事脑科学研究，而大脑本身就是一个高度复杂的动力学系统。所以在研究过程中，我一直在使用动力学和复杂系统的方法，最初更多是从工程工具的角度出发，后来逐渐开始意识到复杂系统理论本身的重要意义。今天非常开心，有机会学习到更理论、更深刻的复杂系统知识，这也启发了我对大脑的更深层次思考。脑科学的建模中，对大脑的观测是多尺度的，从微观到宏观，有各种观测工具，而我们在现实中应用脑机接口时，一般讲究宏观层面的解码。今天听完大家关于“从无序到有序，再到集体涌现”的讨论后，我开始重新思考：我们对大脑功能的理解，是否在尺度上过于简化？很多脑功能之所以难以解码，或许并不是因为技术不足，而是因为我们没有找到真正匹配脑功能的尺度层级。或许我们需要在多个尺度上，找到与脑功能相匹配的尺度，才能更好地研究大脑的活动和功能的因果关系。这是我今天的小小收获，也是我未来会深入研究的方向，谢谢各位老师给我这样的交流和学习机会。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51tci" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢刘老师。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">话题一：科研工作中 AI 工具的应用、</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">正面价值与潜在风险</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q54l4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：接下来，让我们重新回到本次圆桌论坛的主题——“</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">AI时代下的复杂科学</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">”。前段时间，我在网上读到一篇文章，作者是一位从事 AI for Science 方向研究的博士生。</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">他在文章中提到，他发现自己做的研究毫无意义了，原因在于他发现，如今的大模型——例如 Claude 等——已经能够完成他们原本正在开展的大部分研究工作，而且完成得相当出色。更令他感到震撼的是，这些模型不仅不需要像研究人员那样长期撰写论文、反复调试代码，甚至在很多情况下还能表现出极高的智能化水平。事实上，我们已经看到，近年来许多具有颠覆性的技术突破都发生在人工智能领域。AI 的高速发展本身，也正在以极强的冲击力改变传统行业与既有研究范式。因此，我想请教各位老师：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在各位目前的科研工作中，是否已经开始使用这些 AI 工具？它们给各位带来的影响，更多是积极的推动，还是潜在的挑战与风险？</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5157h" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2309859154929577" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1065" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="1065" data-height="1600" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQwAI980SjaQFZMAs6OY5IyudNgJllEEAiakAGBpNaA7fvLz1ThHQXHgg7O8C5MpNrENPOcZNhm6bst3m4Ksw2vQsJnoPr3Ak9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1065" data-cropy2="1323.1818181818182" data-imgfileid="100247623" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3de67642&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHT6n02RcvJArMgEialQNXBveWHqCWYibSDsJ0mMbTbdwchWmWbWN7FmfLicsyesfkGn2YibsuP7noszTRpbWXHkIS8fq7k8tjucWXA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">郭雷</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5157h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我认为，AI 首先带给我们的，是一种“赋能”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51ekn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">面对复杂系统研究，以前很多“做不好”“做不了”的问题，现在因为有了 AI 这样一种新的工具体系，开始变得可行。从感知、认知，到预测、决策、控制以及行动等各个环节，人工智能都能够发挥重要作用。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q586m" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如果从系统科学的层次结构来看，按照钱学森先生提出的四个层次——系统论、系统学、系统技术科学以及系统工程，每一个层次，AI都能赋能。进一步说，</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q586m" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">即便在系统学内部的系统方法论、系统演化论、系统认知论、系统调控论、系统实践论等方向，AI同样都能发挥赋能作用</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q586m" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q511tt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">举一个具体例子。我们目前正在推进一个与司法领域相关的智慧司法项目，其核心思路，就是将当前的大模型技术，与我们过去在系统辨识和控制理论中的方法相结合，并重点应用于司法量刑等场景。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51qbf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">确实，原先我们无法处理的一些问题，现在有了大模型之后，变得可行了。我个人还有一个很深的感受：过去，自然科学与人文社会科学之间存在着相当明显的鸿沟，而在大语言模型出现之后，这种鸿沟正在逐渐缩小。不同学科之间的交叉融合，也因此拥有了更大的可能性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5175n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，总体而言，我认为 AI 为科学研究带来了非常重要的发展机遇。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5l4w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢郭老师。在此也向各位年轻的同学、老师，推荐郭老师的文章《系统学是什么？》，里面高度概括了人工智能的发展以及系统科学的相关进展，非常值得一读。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5206f" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1596774193548387" data-type="jpeg" data-w="620" style="background-color:transparent;width:35px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="3962" data-height="2637" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHSSqlV4G0C2IAUJPaHUiclfIicdr8IcE40BHiaiakX3iaWcOBVXZZPsQVU9KSC6TozqXe64hSfR2cNeldGBJl7SVwKZJRaHA6bLrzqI/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="265.57377049180326" data-cropx2="885.2459016393443" data-cropy2="725.9016393442624" data-imgfileid="100247625" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=af1667d1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSCf0anlDdHtiaic3ZicX2MJLIicpZGNoFrXeOnCic8ialNf5fHDUyY3rjGyNMSFFYnEELOLGXccbiamXvfypK2BLEpZ2uzFvSUzFsDVE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">陈关荣</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5206f" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：关于“是否使用 AI 开展科研，以及 AI 所带来的正面与负面影响”这个问题，我想结合自己的研究经历，分享一点个人体会。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5c9d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">科研工作中经常需要处理数据，无论是小数据还是大数据，以前我们经常做的是“数据拟合”。所谓更高层次的大数据处理，其实是在观察到大量数据之后，试图推测这些数据背后究竟对应着怎样的函数曲线、怎样的数学规律。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51mxs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">很多研究者已经在这个方向努力了很多年，但始终存在一个重要瓶颈：我们虽然能够拟合曲线，却很难进一步推导出这些数据背后真正对应的微分方程，或者说，很难真正建立起其内在的数学模型。原因在于，真实系统背后的微分方程往往是高维、非线性、复杂耦合的，而过去的计算能力和分析手段，很难支持这样的工作。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5z3f" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">AI 出现之后，这项研究开始取得新的进展。目前，我建议博士后推进这部分工作。AI 最大的优势之一，在于其极强的计算能力。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5uuf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这里举个例子。我们可以先假设一个微分方程：设 x 的导数等于某个函数，然后尝试在方程中加入一个 x² 项，让 AI 自动求解，再将求解结果与真实数据进行比较。如果效果不好，我们再将 x² 项替换为 x³ 项，重新求解，如此类推。AI在整个迭代过程的速度非常快。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51jc0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">过去，我们主要是在“调参数”；而现在，我们已经能够进一步“调方程”——不仅可以调整参数，还可以修改方程中包含哪些项、每一项采用什么函数形式。这个工作量非常大，而AI能很好地帮忙，效果也很好。这就是从数据驱动的数学建模，最终得到一个微分方程的数学模型。而对于科研工作者而言，一旦得到微分方程模型，后续的分析、预测与控制研究便能够系统展开。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5my8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当然，AI 也存在明显的风险。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5ndz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">最大的问题在于：AI 有时候会犯错，而更危险的是，我们往往并不知道它已经出错了和错在哪里，这很要命。有一次，学生发现按照AI给出的结果，不符合一些基本原理，我们静下心来讨论后，才发现确实有问题。但很多时候，我们根本看不出来这种错误。如果这种错误结果被进一步应用到工业、军事、航空航天等高风险领域，其后果可能是不可挽回的。因此，我认为这也是 AI 当前最值得警惕的潜在风险之一。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51wo8" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1613236814891417" data-type="jpeg" data-w="967" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:42px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2657" data-height="3987" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHSwj6EaHcq6K0dicWbYyjTs35sey2jJKlH5oZhDEhPlQ6UicXe2oibsBHWGGibpaEbxmCoDJic8nCvWUcuiaa8v1gxGXsFOQpYuiciaKXA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="967.6018099547512" data-cropy1="195.47511312217196" data-cropy2="1319.4570135746608" data-imgfileid="100247627" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bc1a2866&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQic7WOQ6Z3kicKDF8ojAD8WaXnNlr2sJJVtbR3KuKbibfuTDoYvPVLfrHTgicIWNaDOZ4v4iawlcSpcsibAgw90t9WMGNUbtFYRQsoo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">狄增如</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51wo8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：非常高兴能参加这样一个关于人工智能的论坛。刚才我和樊京芳老师聊天，他问我有没有提前准备发言。我说，这样的讨论肯定还是要认真准备的，否则很难与大家进行深入交流。事实上，“智能化时代”已经成为所有人都无法回避的现实议题。郭雷老师所主持的系统科学大会，去年主题就是“系统科学与智能化、系统化时代”；而今年十月将在武汉科技大学举办的第十届系统科学大会，主题则进一步确定为“人工智能与复杂系统”。这本身就说明，人工智能已经成为系统科学领域无法绕开的核心议题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5a26" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">关于这个问题，我想谈几点看法和大家交流。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q51pam" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一，人工智能确实值得高度关注。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">今天，人工智能已经造就了“人与机器共同创造”的时代，它正在成为创新活动和知识生产的重要技术支撑。例如，在蛋白质材料研究、全球气候变化研究等方向，人工智能已经展现出非常广泛的应用潜力。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5okw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">就在不久前结束的太原网络科学工程论坛上，李勇老师专门介绍了利用人工智能技术挖掘复杂系统涌现性的相关研究，做得非常精彩，也非常具有启发性。因此，我认为，AI 已经成为科学研究中的关键支撑工具。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5123l" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二，</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我特别认同孙茂松老师在 2024 年系统科学大会上的一个观点：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人工智能不仅应该作为一种工程技术工具，更应该成为一个值得深入研究的科学对象。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">换句话说，对人工智能本身形成科学层面的认识，其意义可能比单纯把它当作技术工具更加重要，这是我们必须关注的一点。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv2448" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大家都知道，目前以大语言模型为代表的 AI 技术架构，其本质仍然是一种统计推断机制。它最大的优势，在于拥有海量的人类世界知识。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv20ay" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">很多人觉得它似乎已经具备“推理能力”，但实际上，它并不是真正意义上的逻辑推理，而是一种建立在大规模统计关联基础上的结果生成。之所以看起来像“会推理”，是因为它掌握了极其庞大的知识，并能够在这些知识之间建立复杂关联。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv17ik" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这就是它的优势，也让它表现得比任何一个人类个体都要强——我们人类个体掌握的知识有限，更难建立起海量知识之间的关联，而AI的创造性，正是源于它掌握的知识多、能建立关联。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvjjj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但与此同时，我们也需要保持清醒认识，不必被 AI 当前的表现“吓到”。真正值得研究的问题在于：为什么当数据规模足够大、参数规模足够多之后，会涌现出这种类似“推理”的能力？这背后究竟发生了什么？我认为，这是未来非常值得深入探索的重要科学问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv310" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三，目前很多专家都认为，以大语言模型为核心的现有技术架构，并不是实现通用人工智能（AGI）的最终路径。</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1wic" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我个人也认同这一判断。仅仅依赖算力堆叠和规模扩张，并不一定能够真正实现人类智能。当然，究竟什么是人类智能、什么是意识，我们目前还没有统一的科学认识，但如果未来真的希望实现通用人工智能，那么一定还需要新的技术创新与理论突破。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1fh9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">前几天，我们还注意到谷歌科学家提出的一项新研究。其中一个重要观点是：当前的人工智能不可能真正拥有“意识”。原因在于，我们的计算都是在人类意识的指导下开展的。符号之所以具有意义，是因为人类认知与意识赋予了它解释框架；如果脱离了人的意识，这些符号本身其实并没有意义。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvfiu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，其逻辑顺序应该是：先有人的认知与意识，然后才有计算与结果，而不是反过来——仅靠计算本身，并不能自然地产生意识。这是一项很有意思的最新研究成果。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1qjl" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第四，未来人工智能技术架构的真正创新，必须依靠系统科学的发展，以及我们对大脑的认识。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">非常高兴大家认可和支持集智俱乐部，我们希望通过这个平台，让大家在系统科学领域深耕，进一步深化对大脑与智能本质的认识，并在此基础上，推动下一代人工智能技术的发展。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvtqh" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2460063897763578" data-type="jpeg" data-w="939" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2640" data-height="3962" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHRialWRjBhoFjTGAI9TzxGrB597FZOYy55I9DI0rHooBtVyjibXicbva5jyZcN6kN2RHmFFFvibJRZqlfQGjSCj10UgVRcA48zQ2hA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="40" data-cropx2="980" data-cropy1="219.99999999999997" data-cropy2="1389.9999999999998" data-imgfileid="100247628" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ba1bbca&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRTvWNtUEchyoY8qeV7Q7mvbRpwvsrSAFrHMuIrE34MsQdKBXTlKLwS5icAEu9dktD5rChaWxicJEQiazg2Gia4s5ibNicSKmXZrQYXg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">樊京芳</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvtqh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我可能还只能算是 AI 领域的一名“小学生”。真正开始在科研一线系统性地使用 AI、并围绕 AI 开展研究，其实是从 2025 年 1 月才正式开始的。2024 年底，国家自然科学基金委给予了我一个原创探索计划项目，项目要求以“系统科学理论 + AI + 地球科学交叉”的方式开展研究。我提交的方案后来得到了基金委的认可，被认为具有一定原创性，因此最终获得了立项支持。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvvkh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由于我本身是理论物理出身，所以最初对于 AI 其实一直持有一种相对保守的态度。我会觉得 AI 更像是一个“黑盒子”，因此在心理上并不愿意轻易接受它。很多时候，当我研究一个问题时，会习惯性地追问其背后的物理机制和内在规律，而 AI 在相当程度上并不能直接回答这些问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv229c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但后来，当我真正放下偏见、开始深入使用 AI 之后，我才意识到它的能力确实非常强大。可以说，它几乎对所有行业都构成了挑战，甚至已经使部分传统行业逐渐消失。例如翻译行业，就已经受到了非常明显的冲击。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1rbf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与此同时，AI 也为科研带来了很多新的可能性。比如，我们可以利用它润色论文，甚至帮助生成质量非常高的学术文本，尤其是在英文表达方面，很多时候人类研究者确实已经很难与之相比。这本身就是一个非常重要的机遇。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv4ii" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当然，机遇背后也一定伴随着挑战。因此，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们真正需要思考的问题，并不是简单地“接受”或者“拒绝”AI，而是如何更好地驾驭它，让它真正服务于我们的科研工作。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">刚才郭老师提到的司法大模型，我也想补充一句，您那个项目应该是刘老师牵头的，去年十一月份我参加基金委重大项目中期评审时，也了解到这个项目，非常好，我当时也投了支持票。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1bbf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">回到我自己的研究，从 2025 年正式启动项目之后，我们逐步将系统科学与数理思维融入 AI 研究之中，目前也取得了一些阶段性成果。从发文章的角度来看，效果还不错，我们把系统科学、数理思维融入AI，发表了一些顶级期刊论文，比如我们有一篇论文刚刚被 Nature Intelligence 接收，另外还有一篇关于气象预报的论文也即将发表。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1dh3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这说明，我们不能简单地“拿来”AI就用，而是要加入自己的思考。尤其是系统科学，我认为它是研究AI底层逻辑的绝佳工具——AI的底层逻辑，不是单一的数学、物理学科能解决的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1gxo" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当然，对于未来，我也存在一些担忧。比如现在出现的OpenClaw，它们甚至开始尝试自主建立社区，而不再需要人类深度参与。如果未来 AI 能够进一步掌握资源与能源，例如控制电力系统，那么理论上，它甚至可能逐渐摆脱对人类的依赖，反过来将人类“圈养”起来。这种风险并非完全不存在。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvs19" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，在未来的发展过程中，我们如何在立法、安全治理等层面，对 AI 的使用进行有效约束，我认为会成为一个非常关键的问题。实际上，目前 OpenClaw 已经暴露出不少潜在风险。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv99q" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1470588235294117" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1020" style="background-color:transparent;width:34px;height:39px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2617" data-height="3922" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQkkgZYlBV1ExP0xaVe4ibbZNn5z9U0lnk3yicX5vdjFlLKkcWiclb3icFkicP0FbLicibKunxfEsZYQJh4ByuhYqgbe5SDW6Ox8qicpps/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="60" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="120" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247631" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=19e0af8d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTxgibbgdC1ODnjmBuvALLo8FgibsAQxPGic7w5BeEZ2SQSX1m5QMSumCRsvgIHvv9XGFcheIVRGY6TZItaEyWaKkSicQ2SMKIUMQo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">兰岳恒</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv99q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我对此非常认同智能与生命是复杂系统最重要的体现形式之一这一观点。在我看来，AI 的出现，为我们提供了一个前所未有的机会。因为 AI 本身，就是一个全新的大型复杂系统，而且是一个具有极强功能性的复杂系统。而对AI本身的研究——正如刚才几位老师所提到的——也已经成为一个极其重要的问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv196q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有了 AI 这样一个工具之后，我们实际上可以对它进行各种层面的分析与拆解。因为 AI 的很多组成部分、运行机制与结构层次，都是可以被人为控制和观察的。这一点，为复杂系统研究提供了一个非常理想的平台。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1jre" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">另外，AI 所展现出的强大能力，也使得跨学科、跨领域研究变得比过去更加容易。这对于系统科学而言，也是一个利好消息。不过，正如很多技术一样，它的优势与风险其实是同时存在的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv10q9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我认为，AI 最大的问题之一，就在于它“过于便利”了。很多人可能不再愿意真正深入某个领域进行长期研究，而是直接调用 AI 工具，快速得到一个“看起来还不错”的结果。久而久之，就没有人愿意去做细致的理论研究了。这对系统科学来说，是一个非常大的损害——大家会觉得“有AI就够了，何必还要系统科学”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvn62" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但实际上，系统科学最重要的特点之一，恰恰在于它要求研究者跨越不同领域，学习多学科知识，并在此基础上完成总结、抽象与理论提升。而现在，AI 虽然能够整合各个领域的信息，却并不真正“理解”这些知识。长远来看，这反而可能削弱系统科学进一步发展的动力，这是我们需要解决的问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvdil" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1618942731277533" data-type="jpeg" data-w="908" style="background-color:transparent;width:34px;height:40px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2613" data-height="3918" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHS8ticOG0emofWu2nyCsTrRibgM3WTjmNFeg0LfbmfQFWdK2ENaqDYrOS8rrpiaU9K004nLduIVtoDNyQuuRaic7nLPNn23TciancIw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="121.69014084507043" data-cropx2="1029.2957746478874" data-cropy1="136.90140845070422" data-cropy2="1191.549295774648" data-imgfileid="100247630" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d78f9b6d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRjq4veUeaIYLuR77h8n13bQodm7GAibuCzpIAsfjQvcLqkDnD6su3H7q8T2x4VOYBhXnhfCrFue8bQmY9QPSTEAicicPlugBtabY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">刘泉影</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvdil" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我的情况和前面几位老师恰好相反：我今天没有做任何提前准备。这并不是因为我不重视这场论坛，恰恰相反，正因为我非常重视，所以我反而有些担心自己的思考会被 AI “污染”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv21dl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我担心的是：如果我提前去搜索、阅读大量 AI 生成的内容，那么我最后表达出来的观点，可能会逐渐变成一种标准化、大众化的答案，而失去真正属于自己的思考。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv17g9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">现在大家常用的大模型就那么几个，比如Kimi、DeepSeek、GPT等等。这意味着，某种程度上，十四亿中国人可能正在共享着有限的几套思维模式与表达方式。我觉得这是一个非常可怕的现象，因为它会让“复杂性”本身逐渐消失。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvfq3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">所以，为了尽可能保留思想本身的复杂性，我没有做任何背景功课，当场想到什么就说什么，而是希望自己在现场想到什么，就真实地表达什么。我希望能够尽量维持这种思想的多样性，以及多样性所带来的未来可能性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvpra" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这也是复杂系统对我最大的吸引力。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvvq7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我自己的研究方向是大脑智能与人工智能。在我看来，无论是人脑智能还是人工智能，本质上都是由大量多元、异质的单元共同组成的。它们在整体层面形成了一个复杂而具有独特优势的智能系统。这种现象本身非常有趣。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvpyg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也许，智能的本质就在于“复杂”——在于大量单元各自独立工作，又能形成整体性的复杂关联，从而带来智能的涌现。</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv9ai" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当然，关于大脑架构与人工智能架构之间的关系，我们过去一直认为，人工智能的发展应该受到大脑机制的启发。但现在看来，两者未必完全一致，甚至可能正在逐渐分离。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1fwj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不过，无论是在哲学层面、复杂系统科学层面，还是工程实现层面，它们之间都既存在相似性，也存在差异性，而这些问题都非常值得深入研究。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1afk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我目前比较担忧的一点，是实验室里的学生，一旦尝到使用 AI 工具快速发表论文的“甜头”之后，可能会逐渐失去对真正原创性科研的追求。因为现在很多情况下，只要利用 AI 工具快速提升一点性能，就能够发表论文，而且在某些热门方向上，甚至能够在短时间内连续发表一系列文章。这种快速reward反馈机制，很可能损害学生的科研品味，使他们逐渐失去挑战更难、更独特的科学问题的动力。虽然我们实验室是全面拥抱人工智能，但我有一个深层的担忧：现很多从事 AI 工具研究的人，每天都在思考新的模型架构、新的损失函数，多拿一点数据训练，性能就能提升，但与此同时，他们可能正在逐渐失去一种真正重要的东西——那就是哲学层面的思考能力与长远视野。而这种远见，并不是简单依靠工程训练就能够获得的，它必须建立在对某一领域深层次理解的基础之上，也必须建立在扎实的科学素养之上。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1bdg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，我其实非常希望，未来仍然会有一部分人，坚持站在复杂系统科学的角度，继续使用经典理论、扩展经典理论，去理解和审视那些新出现的智能现象。因为，发展 AI 很重要，发展复杂系统科学同样重要，更深入地理解智能本身，也同样重要。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qviw4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但智能的本质，未必能够仅仅通过工具性能的不断提升而自然实现。</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv15pg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我举一个简单的例子。过去在人类使用马车的时代，人们可能会不断研究：怎样调整挥鞭频率、怎样改变缰绳力度，才能让马车跑得更快。但如果人类始终停留在这个框架里，那么蒸汽机时代、电车时代就永远不会到来。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv18y2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同样，如果我们一直局限在现有框架下，沿着现有的模型路线，做更大数据、更大的模型，就可能丧失新一代模型颠覆性创新的可能性。为了这种可能性，我们还是要让这个世界变得更复杂一些。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1302" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：谢谢刘老师。刚才几位老师的分享都非常精彩，也都非常深刻。我简单总结一下：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1fvn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">首先，无论是青年学者，还是像陈老师、郭老师这样的资深专家，大家整体上都在积极拥抱 AI 工具，这一点非常值得敬佩。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1xjc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与此同时，各位老师也都提出了许多值得警惕的问题，例如 AI 工具可能带来的思维同质化、科研品味下降，以及技术滥用等风险。这些问题，确实值得我们认真思考。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">话题二：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">AI时代系统科学与复杂性科学的未来突破方向</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1rny" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：接下来，我们进入第二个话题的讨论。我想请各位老师围绕这样一个问题展开交流：在 AI 时代，无论是系统科学还是复杂性科学，在人工智能研究、社会治理，以及生命本质、智能本质等重大问题上，未来最有可能出现的核心突破方向是什么？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1yy3" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1470588235294117" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1020" style="background-color:transparent;width:34px;height:39px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2617" data-height="3922" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQkkgZYlBV1ExP0xaVe4ibbZNn5z9U0lnk3yicX5vdjFlLKkcWiclb3icFkicP0FbLicibKunxfEsZYQJh4ByuhYqgbe5SDW6Ox8qicpps/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="60" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="120" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247631" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=19e0af8d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTxgibbgdC1ODnjmBuvALLo8FgibsAQxPGic7w5BeEZ2SQSX1m5QMSumCRsvgIHvv9XGFcheIVRGY6TZItaEyWaKkSicQ2SMKIUMQo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">兰岳恒</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1yy3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我认为，AI 的研究绝对离不开系统科学，尤其离不开复杂系统研究。系统科学有几个非常核心的关注对象，包括结构、动力学、功能、演化，以及环境对系统的调控关系。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvyu7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而复杂系统本身，又有两个极其重要的特征。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv253l" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一个特征是“层次性”。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂系统中的大量单元，在相互作用过程中，会自发形成不同层级的结构。但在当前很多 AI 研究中，对于这种层次性的体现和理解，其实仍然是不够的。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1nlc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当然，AI 本身并不是完全没有层次，它内部当然存在层级结构。但问题在于，我们并没有真正把每一个层次的作用机制充分理解清楚，也没有真正建立起不同层次之间的系统整合机制。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv2oe" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而系统科学告诉我们，一个完整的认知体系，不可能一步到位地产生，而是需要在不同层次上逐步建立，再进一步整合。因此，层次性本身是极其重要的，但目前 AI 研究对于这一点的重视程度，我认为仍然不足。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvc3b" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二个重要特征，是动力学意义上的“涌现性”。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我认为，这会成为未来 AI 智能研究中的核心问题之一。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1042" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但目前的问题在于：究竟什么是“涌现”？事实上，直到今天，这个概念都还没有一个被广泛接受的统一定义。如果连定义本身都不清晰，那么相关研究就很难真正建立明确的发展方向。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1708" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不过，系统科学领域的研究者，其实已经围绕“涌现”开展了很多非常出色的工作，也形成了较为系统的理论思考。因此，我认为，复杂系统研究在未来 AI 发展中将发挥越来越重要的作用。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1vdu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">现在网络上有一句流行的话，叫作“压缩即智能”。所谓“压缩”，本质上是在复杂现象中提炼出更简洁、更普适的规律。而我认为，这其实也是一种“涌现”——一种概念层面的涌现。AI 的出现，为研究这种现象提供了非常强大的工具，但与此同时，我们对“涌现”本身的科学认识，其实仍然远远不够。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1grg" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">除此之外，“适应性”同样是生命与智能最重要的体现之一。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">生命是在不断适应环境的过程中逐渐演化出来的，而智能也是如此。如果用今天更现代的话语来描述，其实这就是“学习”的过程：系统不断感知外界环境与模式，并调整自身结构和行为，从而适应环境。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1fct" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但遗憾的是，在当前很多神经网络研究中，这种关于“适应性”的理解并没有得到充分重视。很多研究更关注模型框架本身，却较少进一步追问：这种适应机制背后，是否存在某种统一理论？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv2vc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而系统科学恰恰告诉我们，一般系统论是可能存在的。郭老师此前在文章中对此也有非常精彩的阐述。我认为，这些问题未来都值得进一步深入研究。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv7v0" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">另外，还有一个非常关键的问题，就是“鲁棒性”。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂系统中的很多部分、很多相互作用关系——除了极少数核心部分之外——本身都具有不确定性，甚至组织结构本身也可能不断变化。那么，在外界扰动与不确定条件下，究竟什么会发生变化？什么保持不变？什么是关键性的？什么又是非关键性的？</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv24hn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这些问题，我认为都是未来复杂系统研究与 AI 研究中的核心议题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1oh2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">刚才我提到的这些方向，其中有一些已经开始受到关注，但系统科学最核心的两个问题——层次性与涌现性——我认为仍然没有得到足够重视。我也非常希望，我们这些从事系统科学研究的人，能够真正把这些理论应用到神经网络研究之中，真正推动 AI 性能与智能水平的提升。因为只有当系统科学真正展现出其现实价值时，才会有更多人真正重视这些理论。否则的话，很多人可能根本不会去关注它。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1dax" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1613236814891417" data-type="jpeg" data-w="967" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:42px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2657" data-height="3987" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHSwj6EaHcq6K0dicWbYyjTs35sey2jJKlH5oZhDEhPlQ6UicXe2oibsBHWGGibpaEbxmCoDJic8nCvWUcuiaa8v1gxGXsFOQpYuiciaKXA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="967.6018099547512" data-cropy1="195.47511312217196" data-cropy2="1319.4570135746608" data-imgfileid="100247627" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bc1a2866&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQic7WOQ6Z3kicKDF8ojAD8WaXnNlr2sJJVtbR3KuKbibfuTDoYvPVLfrHTgicIWNaDOZ4v4iawlcSpcsibAgw90t9WMGNUbtFYRQsoo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">狄增如</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1dax" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：刚才兰老师特别强调了“层次性”，那我想进一步补充一点，就是复杂系统中的“关联性”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvub4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">首先，我特别想提到郭老师在 2016 年发表的一篇文章。我认为，那篇文章非常系统地阐释了系统科学的研究理念，是一次非常优秀的系统科学科普。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv15ie" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为什么我会强调“理念”的重要性？因为思想观念与方法论层面的变革，往往是一切科学突破的基础。如果在认识论层面没有真正发生转变，那么很多所谓的创新，其实最终还是会回到原有框架之中，很难形成真正意义上的突破。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1kaw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当前，还原论的影响依然非常强大。很多时候，我们嘴上说自己是做复杂系统的，但真正去设计技术路线时，又会不自觉地回到还原论的思路上。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv178r" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">举个简单的例子，我们一直希望推动中医药的科学化发展。而在还原论思维主导下，逐渐形成了一个新的研究方向——“中药组分学”。它的基本逻辑是：中药的作用来源于其中一个个具体成分，因此只要分析每一种成分的含量、比例与作用机制，就能够解释中药的整体效果。但事实上，中医药体系显然并不是这样运作的。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv92z" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">中药讲究“君臣佐使”，强调药物之间的配伍关系，本质上强调的是不同要素之间的关联性。然而，二十世纪以来，我们几乎所有的研究方法与技术路线，都是围绕还原论发展起来的。因此，当我们真正希望去研究这些“关联”时，反而会发现缺乏合适的技术手段。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv8r4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">今天，我们已经拥有大量分析单个成分、单个变量的技术，但却很少真正发展出能够有效度量、刻画和分析“关联关系”的技术体系。这也是我们复杂性研究面临的一个挑战性问题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们必须真正超越还原论，既要在思想方法上实现变革，也要在研究关联、研究层次的技术手段上实现创新，这样才能促进各个领域的科学认识和发展。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;" data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5xgw" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2309859154929577" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1065" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="1065" data-height="1600" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQwAI980SjaQFZMAs6OY5IyudNgJllEEAiakAGBpNaA7fvLz1ThHQXHgg7O8C5MpNrENPOcZNhm6bst3m4Ksw2vQsJnoPr3Ak9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1065" data-cropy2="1323.1818181818182" data-imgfileid="100247623" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3de67642&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHT6n02RcvJArMgEialQNXBveWHqCWYibSDsJ0mMbTbdwchWmWbWN7FmfLicsyesfkGn2YibsuP7noszTRpbWXHkIS8fq7k8tjucWXA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q515hc" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">郭雷</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q5xgw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：关于张江刚才提出的问题，我个人是这样理解的：AI已经开始全方位地改变了我们的工作方式、娱乐方式、生产方式和生活方式。今天大家经常提“AI for Science”，但在我看来，其背后最核心的东西，其实是“AI for Complex System”。因为简单系统，其实不需要用这么复杂的AI去研究，AI真正能发挥作用的，一定是复杂系统。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvhce" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">所以从某种意义上说，“AI for Science”本质上几乎可以等同于“AI for Complex System”。</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1u6w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而复杂系统所涉及的每一个方向，未来都存在被突破、甚至被颠覆的可能性。在这一点上，我还是比较乐观的，具体就不展开讲了。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv6nt" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2460063897763578" data-type="jpeg" data-w="939" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2640" data-height="3962" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHRialWRjBhoFjTGAI9TzxGrB597FZOYy55I9DI0rHooBtVyjibXicbva5jyZcN6kN2RHmFFFvibJRZqlfQGjSCj10UgVRcA48zQ2hA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="40" data-cropx2="980" data-cropy1="219.99999999999997" data-cropy2="1389.9999999999998" data-imgfileid="100247628" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ba1bbca&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRTvWNtUEchyoY8qeV7Q7mvbRpwvsrSAFrHMuIrE34MsQdKBXTlKLwS5icAEu9dktD5rChaWxicJEQiazg2Gia4s5ibNicSKmXZrQYXg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">樊京芳</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv6nt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我想谈两个方面。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvs42" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一个方面，其实与“创新是如何产生的”有关。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">今天在座的有做科研的，也有做艺术、做音乐的。大家可以认真想一想：你们最满意、最欣赏的那些作品或者想法，往往是不是都不是在高度紧张、疲惫和焦虑的状态下产生的？</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1r0s" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">很多时候，真正具有创造性的灵感，反而是在一种非常放松的状态下突然“涌现”出来的。我觉得这是一个非常值得思考的问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv17zv" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二个方面，是关于能耗问题。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我本人没有真正近距离观察过超大型 AI 系统的运行状态，但我们实验室自己有 GPU 机房。每当机器执行非常繁重的任务时，你会明显感觉到整个机房持续轰鸣，而且能耗极高。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv19wp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也就是说，AI现在和人类大脑有一个很大的区别：AI处理复杂问题时，非常耗电；而人类在涌现新创意时，往往是在放松的状态下，比我们现在这种紧张的状态更容易产生新想法。我认为，要让AI变得更智能，或许可以尝试让它在低能耗的情况下，涌现出新的创新点。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1gyn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">另外，我还想强调一个问题，那就是“数据”的重要性。我不知道大家有没有听过一个笑话：一个研究生问导师，把自己的研究想法给AI，会不会被AI窃取？导师回复说，你的想法属于“垃圾”，可能不仅不会被窃取，你的想法属于“垃圾数据”，AI不仅不会窃取，反而可能会被你污染。这虽然是个笑话，但也反映了数据质量的重要性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvi5h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以我自己的研究方向为例。我从事的是地球科学研究，涉及深海、深空、深地等领域，而这些方向的数据本身就非常稀缺。如果缺乏高质量数据，那么想真正建立高质量 AI 模型，其实是非常困难的。因此，在很多前沿性、战略性领域，高质量观测数据依然是不可替代的基础。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">嘉宾寄语</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvem4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：最后，我想邀请各位老师，用</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一句话</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">送给今天在场的各位朋友，以及集智俱乐部社区的所有成员和长期关注我们的粉丝们。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvzv1" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2309859154929577" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1065" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="1065" data-height="1600" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQwAI980SjaQFZMAs6OY5IyudNgJllEEAiakAGBpNaA7fvLz1ThHQXHgg7O8C5MpNrENPOcZNhm6bst3m4Ksw2vQsJnoPr3Ak9A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1065" data-cropy2="1323.1818181818182" data-imgfileid="100247623" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3de67642&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHT6n02RcvJArMgEialQNXBveWHqCWYibSDsJ0mMbTbdwchWmWbWN7FmfLicsyesfkGn2YibsuP7noszTRpbWXHkIS8fq7k8tjucWXA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">郭雷</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvzv1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：AI给复杂系统研究带来了很好的机遇，同样，复杂系统科学也可以推动AI研究；</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv176h" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1596774193548387" data-type="jpeg" data-w="620" style="background-color:transparent;width:35px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="3962" data-height="2637" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHSSqlV4G0C2IAUJPaHUiclfIicdr8IcE40BHiaiakX3iaWcOBVXZZPsQVU9KSC6TozqXe64hSfR2cNeldGBJl7SVwKZJRaHA6bLrzqI/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="265.57377049180326" data-cropx2="885.2459016393443" data-cropy2="725.9016393442624" data-imgfileid="100247625" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=af1667d1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSCf0anlDdHtiaic3ZicX2MJLIicpZGNoFrXeOnCic8ialNf5fHDUyY3rjGyNMSFFYnEELOLGXccbiamXvfypK2BLEpZ2uzFvSUzFsDVE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">陈关荣</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv176h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：AI本身就是一个复杂系统，它背后隐含着很深奥的复杂性，所以我们要用研究复杂理论的方法和思维，去研究AI、使用AI、发展AI。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv12o1" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1613236814891417" data-type="jpeg" data-w="967" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:42px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2657" data-height="3987" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHSwj6EaHcq6K0dicWbYyjTs35sey2jJKlH5oZhDEhPlQ6UicXe2oibsBHWGGibpaEbxmCoDJic8nCvWUcuiaa8v1gxGXsFOQpYuiciaKXA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="967.6018099547512" data-cropy1="195.47511312217196" data-cropy2="1319.4570135746608" data-imgfileid="100247627" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bc1a2866&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQic7WOQ6Z3kicKDF8ojAD8WaXnNlr2sJJVtbR3KuKbibfuTDoYvPVLfrHTgicIWNaDOZ4v4iawlcSpcsibAgw90t9WMGNUbtFYRQsoo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">狄增如</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv12o1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我们真正应该担忧的不是机器越来越像人，我们应该担忧的是人越来越像机器。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvvvi" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2460063897763578" data-type="jpeg" data-w="939" style="background-color:transparent;width:33px;height:41px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2640" data-height="3962" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHRialWRjBhoFjTGAI9TzxGrB597FZOYy55I9DI0rHooBtVyjibXicbva5jyZcN6kN2RHmFFFvibJRZqlfQGjSCj10UgVRcA48zQ2hA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="40" data-cropx2="980" data-cropy1="219.99999999999997" data-cropy2="1389.9999999999998" data-imgfileid="100247628" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ba1bbca&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRTvWNtUEchyoY8qeV7Q7mvbRpwvsrSAFrHMuIrE34MsQdKBXTlKLwS5icAEu9dktD5rChaWxicJEQiazg2Gia4s5ibNicSKmXZrQYXg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">樊京芳</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvvvi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：感谢集智俱乐部给我机会，让我能坐在这里和大家交流思想，尤其是给了年轻人一个非常好的视野——包括我的儿子也来了，谢谢集智。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvcx" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1470588235294117" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1020" style="background-color:transparent;width:34px;height:39px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2617" data-height="3922" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQkkgZYlBV1ExP0xaVe4ibbZNn5z9U0lnk3yicX5vdjFlLKkcWiclb3icFkicP0FbLicibKunxfEsZYQJh4ByuhYqgbe5SDW6Ox8qicpps/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="60" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="120" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247631" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=19e0af8d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTxgibbgdC1ODnjmBuvALLo8FgibsAQxPGic7w5BeEZ2SQSX1m5QMSumCRsvgIHvv9XGFcheIVRGY6TZItaEyWaKkSicQ2SMKIUMQo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">兰岳恒</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qvcx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：我们要拥抱AI，破解AI，超越AI。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv16pe" style="font-size: 15px;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1618942731277533" data-type="jpeg" data-w="908" style="background-color:transparent;width:34px;height:40px;border-radius:9px;" data-width="2613" data-height="3918" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHS8ticOG0emofWu2nyCsTrRibgM3WTjmNFeg0LfbmfQFWdK2ENaqDYrOS8rrpiaU9K004nLduIVtoDNyQuuRaic7nLPNn23TciancIw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="121.69014084507043" data-cropx2="1029.2957746478874" data-cropy1="136.90140845070422" data-cropy2="1191.549295774648" data-imgfileid="100247630" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d78f9b6d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRjq4veUeaIYLuR77h8n13bQodm7GAibuCzpIAsfjQvcLqkDnD6su3H7q8T2x4VOYBhXnhfCrFue8bQmY9QPSTEAicicPlugBtabY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">刘泉影</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv16pe" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：保持简单，保持复杂。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1935185185185184" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:36px;height:43px;border-radius:12px;" data-width="2577" data-height="3864" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHQcfsPf575gZrBWXicrYEWWE4UH6ODMlDeaNfh0JNhurXZxHfupdry9FN5UWBQbIp7aJAOvGbBKptLsUesyZ9iaAznfB3V74C2P4/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy2="1290" data-imgfileid="100247624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30972db1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTv4ujHsFpATWzaGmNibq6NqO3dsyePuNmSia9pyCvyQLJP1Sen9mLpaMxkEqe7zdWJ8QhhHeXVh4siaZO8IpUWsRG6KIib3xvv3Ok%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0q514z" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">张江</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1alq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：非常精辟，再次感谢各位老师今天的分享！</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2gg0qv1j6j" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">集智俱乐部学术年会（科学节）演讲回放可扫码查看详情：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="400" style="width: 163px;height: 163px;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247879" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=46d68466&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRcu6v09Lm3PADzRGJP00yefJV3pg8YD3ia3HBpfgfeak6bX0fmtoiaN4pXoviaGInognXMmmibZrqo0YmxGOm3CicQ3wnf3icjJfiaZ0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp97l81w1u92" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp97l82bruf" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">网页链接：<a href="https://pattern.swarma.org/study_group/81" target="_blank">https://pattern.swarma.org/study_group/81</a></span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;" data-pm-slice="2 12 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]" data-mpa-action-id="mn35imfrv26"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-pm-slice="6 10 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn35imfrv26"><div data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px -15px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">报名读书会：「Vibe Modeling」</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn35imelgk6"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">集智俱乐部联合同济大学长聘副教授陈小杨和北京林业大学副教授李周园共同发起</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247730358&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=a53ccfe55784496c1f82eb73a03ffe84&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「Vibe Modeling」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: normal;">「Vibe Modeling」读书会</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">，将在集体实践中探索 vibe modeling 在不同领域的通用模式与特殊需求，沉淀可复用的提示策略、评估方法与工作流，为这一范式搭建早期社区基础，助力 AI 赋能的跨学科研究与人才培养落地。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn35imelgk6"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">读书会自2026年5月17日起，每周日下午14:00-16:00线上开展，持续10周，包含主讲分享与讨论交流，并提供会后视频回放，诚邀相关领域研究者及跨学科兴趣者参与。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl5ep" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: normal;">扫描海报中二维码报名参加读书会</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="3.370728417266187" data-type="jpeg" data-w="4448" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="4448" data-height="14993" data-backw="562" data-backh="1894" data-imgfileid="100247814" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0ba4d50e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSicNXAHNMeLxqwLwNlkKvBT5DicOGcSNAUEETCnW5Xwsbk0ibPv7trPiasS6dQZOFgkaL68RlYxZvCyFJYaT6mCtc8sBf8Jv4MjAE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><div style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn35imelgk6"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">详情请见：</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247730358&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=a53ccfe55784496c1f82eb73a03ffe84&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「Vibe Modeling：从技术框架到跨学科应用」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「Vibe Modeling：从技术框架到跨学科应用」读书会</a></span></span></p></div></span></p></strong></span></strong></p></div></div></strong></span></strong></p></div><p style="margin: 0px 8px;padding: 0px;max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 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sans-serif;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">推荐阅读</span></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mgkodgd51ik" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span data-mpa-action-id="mlgisegq1jh0" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">1. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" 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href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247727031&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b14661abb630f3ba16010b0607046f91&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="2028全球智能危机：AI冲击下的复杂系统演化" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">2028全球智能危机：AI冲击下的复杂系统演化</span></a></span></strong></p><p data-pm-slice="4 5 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">4. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" 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SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">7. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 17 May 2026 15:12:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>贝叶斯网络、do算子、反事实推理——因果科学简介丨面向复杂系统的人工智能第十讲</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731528&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=8561a9f3ae02433fc78ae605447b78bd</link>
      <description>22026年5月18日（周一） 13:30-16:15分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-17 15:12</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
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  <p>22026年5月18日（周一） 13:30-16:15分享</p>
  <div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 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100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">集智俱乐部、集智学园创始人，北京师范大学张江教授开设了<a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247728003&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=cc64c2fd7c27734470401e414f8d4786&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「面向复杂系统的人工智能」课程" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「面向复杂系统的人工智能」课程</a>，致力于打破学科壁垒，将复杂系统与人工智能深度融合。从神经网络到因果推断，从世界模型到多尺度建模，甚至包含最前沿的“氛围编程（Vibe Coding）”实战，带你亲手落地AI项目。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">作为系列课程的第十讲，张江教授将以「因果科学简介」为题，沿“观察→干预→反事实”三层因果阶梯，用贝叶斯网络、因果图与结构因果模型，应对AI模型“知相关却不知因果”的局限。正式分享将于5月18日（周一）13:30-16:15腾讯会议线上直播，北师大海淀区线下授课（助教可协助入校）。</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><h1 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.5777777777777777" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="1280" data-height="2020" data-backw="562" data-backh="887" data-imgfileid="100247872" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6638f31d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQMvKFO61CJdhqHaLDyUFNVfib93iav9R8nxzTLRswQC8gHLebFFzQQmQ0GX5YGgAtIPic6s4kDia603IKLZZFJc51qZJxBvKgUgo4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></h1><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj11ez9" style="font-size: 15px;">统计模型会告诉你运动与胆固醇正相关——但如果你强制一个人运动，胆固醇反而会下降。相关性与因果性的裂缝，恰好是当前大多数机器学习系统的致命弱点：它们善于在固定分布中预测，却无法回答&#34;如果我这样做，会发生什么&#34;。这门课正面解决这类问题。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj11s5c" style="font-size: 15px;">课程以图灵奖得主 Judea Pearl 的因果推断体系为核心框架，沿“观察→干预→反事实”三层因果阶梯展开。第一层以贝叶斯网络为工具，精确刻画变量之间的相关关系与条件独立结构；第二层引入因果图（DAG）和 do 算子，区分条件概率 P(Y|X) 与干预概率 P(Y|do(X))，并通过后门调整、前门调整、工具变量等方法，在无法实施随机实验的条件下识别因果效应；第三层借助结构因果模型（SCM）进入反事实推理——用“溯因→作用→预测”三步回答“如果当年选了另一条路，结果会不同吗”。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj121f3" style="font-size: 15px;">本课程面向具备基础概率论知识的 AI 与系统科学方向学生，学完后，学员能够用贝叶斯网络建模变量依赖结构；用 d-分离判断图中的条件独立关系；通过后门准则和 do-calculus 从观测数据识别干预效果；以及用 SCM 的孪生网络框架完成反事实计算。</span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj1rp7" style="font-size: 15px;">Why Causality?</span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj123mb" style="font-size: 15px;">Association: Bayesian Network</span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj114rf" style="font-size: 15px;">Intervention: Causal Graph</span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj1f0s" style="font-size: 15px;">Counterfactual: Structural Causal Graph</span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">关键术语</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj122tl" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">因果阶梯（Ladder of Causality）：</span></strong><span leaf="">Pearl 提出的三层认知框架——相关（见）、干预（做）、反事实（想），所需信息量和推理能力依次递增</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj11xjd" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">do 算子（do-operator）：</span></strong><span leaf="">表示主动将 X 固定为 x 的数学符号 do(X=x)，区别于被动观察条件概率 P(Y|X=x)</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj1kak" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">后门路径（Backdoor Path）：</span></strong><span leaf="">从处理变量 X 出发、含有指向 X 的箭头的非因果路径，是混淆偏差的来源</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj116zb" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">后门准则（Backdoor Criterion）：</span></strong><span leaf="">判断变量集 Z 能否通过调整消除混淆、使 do(X) 可从观测数据识别的图形条件</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj11ebg" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">d-分离（d-separation）：</span></strong><span leaf="">在给定观测集 Z 下，判断图中两变量集是否条件独立的图形准则</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj122va" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">碰撞变量（Collider）：</span></strong><span leaf="">两个箭头同时指入的节点；控制 collider 会打开原本被阻断的路径，产生伪相关</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj1pz6" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">结构因果模型（SCM）：</span></strong><span leaf="">由内生变量 V、背景变量 U、结构方程 F 和 U 的分布组成的四元组，是反事实推理的数学基础</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj1izh" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">工具变量（Instrumental Variable）：</span></strong><span leaf="">不受不可观测混淆影响、仅通过处理变量影响结果的外生变量</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj110h1" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf="">前门准则（Front Door Criterion）：</span></strong><span leaf="">通过中介变量 M 分两步识别因果效应，适用于后门路径因不可观测混淆无法被调整的场景</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">推荐书籍</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.33425925925925926" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="2408" data-height="804" data-backw="562" data-backh="188" data-imgfileid="100247873" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=25350e58&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRicOnRYF8fO0JOGTbVHNT2VmW9C67bNCo9WT4e9UjxzFYzu9RGBqj0yic2CUvKJtTAF2YAv2l943fuhCiaNCtCg6vJur8SWeicmIk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj1497" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="">课程主题：</span><strong><span leaf="">因果科学简介</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj11x06" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="">课程时间：</span><strong><span leaf="">2026年5月18日（周一） 13:30-16:15</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp8cxaj1cz9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="">课程形式：腾讯会议（会议信息见群内通知）/</span><strong><span leaf="">北师大海淀区线下授课（助教可协助入校）</span></strong><span leaf="">；集智学园网站录播（3个工作日内上线）</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程主讲人</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-type="other" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="1080" data-height="608" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100244657" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=623748cc&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQxXO8XX5fRPKzvMy44ib5WCcrw7oicibFMYTibCKzRToel42PxrxEXT1a4pxNcF28M49OsjDUIL9cFGctoISS1lJKckn7nqTRic6VE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dother%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1n5q" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">张江</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，北京师范大学系统科学学院教授，集智俱乐部、集智学园创始人，集智科学研究中心理事长，曾任腾讯研究院、华为战略研究院等特聘顾问。主要研究领域包括因果涌现、复杂系统分析与建模、规模理论等。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1gex" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个人主页：<a href="https://jake.swarma.org/" target="_blank">https://jake.swarma.org/</a></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程适用对象</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1ku0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理工科背景高年级本科生</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11070" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理工科背景硕士、博士研究生</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名须知</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vu49"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">1. 课程形式：</span></span></span></p><ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vidy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">参与方式：付费学员可参与腾讯会议直播/北师大海淀区线下授课（助教可协助入校）</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vidy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">授课形式：</span></span></p></li></ol><ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vy5l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">平时：课堂讨论与内容共创</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36v22h1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">结课：项目汇报</span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36v1k6t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">2. 课程周期：</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年3月2日-2026年6月22日，每周一 13:30-16:15进行。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn14l36v11n7"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">3. 课程定价：</span>399元</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 151px;height: auto !important;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100244658" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a4a6e376&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTeY4MSciaANhFqNZEpFPJ4G5oR4zRTrica8gMsmooEKXF9jaYWQDlJQ2v8fnRujZYGWKEGCLgictOC8ZwokgLteF9t07bQpeQW7U%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14n5u71hda" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn14n5ue1785" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">课程链接：<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5684?from=wechat" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5684?from=wechat</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11tms" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);">付费流程：</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11t7q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">扫码付费；</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc19wz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程页面添加学员登记表，添加助教微信入群；</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc117ld" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程可开发票。</span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1rbj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);">课程共创任务：课程字幕</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc111qz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为鼓励学员深度参与、积极探索，我们致力于形成系列化知识传播成果，并构建课程知识共建社群。为此，我们特别设立激励机制，让您的学习之旅满载收获与成就感。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11w5n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程以老师讲授为主，每期结束后，助教会于课程群内发布字幕共创任务。学员通过参与这些任务，不仅能加深对内容的理解，还可获得积分奖励。积分可兑换其他读书会课程或实物奖品，助力您的持续成长。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">推荐课程</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11eus" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #21a6db;font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01ac9"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t9vl19mb" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn14t9vs11t0" data-pm-slice="0 0 []">参考课程</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01sog" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">吴恩达：Build with Andrew <a href="https://www.deeplearning.ai/courses/build-with-andrew/" target="_blank">https://www.deeplearning.ai/courses/build-with-andrew/</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x016m" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Jure Leskovec: Machine Learning with Graphs, StanfordCS224W.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rPLKxIpqhjhPgdQy7imNkDn" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rPLKxIpqhjhPgdQy7imNkDn</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0vzj" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Steve Brunton: Data Driven Science and Engineering, University of Washington<a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMrJAkhIeNNRpsRhXTMt8uJdIGz9-X_1-" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMrJAkhIeNNRpsRhXTMt8uJdIGz9-X_1-</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01jpr" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Karthik Duraisamy: DATA-DRIVEN ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS, Michigen institute for computational discovery and engineering, Michigen University.<a href="https://micde.umich.edu/academic-programs-old/data-driven-course/" target="_blank">https://micde.umich.edu/academic-programs-old/data-driven-course/</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x03u0" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Sergey Levine: Deep Reinforcement Learning, CS 285 at UC Berkeley.<a href="http://rail.eecs.berkeley.edu/deeprlcourse/" target="_blank">http://rail.eecs.berkeley.edu/deeprlcourse/</a></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14t7x062m" style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn14tclp81c"><span leaf="">【集智学园网站资源】</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="6"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x010bh" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对复杂系统连续变化自动建模——Neural Ordinary Differential Equations解读<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2046" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2046</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01x4y" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂网络自动建模在大气污染中的应用<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/1998" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/1998</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0yg2" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">两套因果框架深度剖析：潜在结果模型与结构因果模型<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2526" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2526</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x022w3" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">稳定学习：发掘因果推理和机器学习的共同基础<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2323" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2323</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0reu" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因果强化学习<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2156" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2156</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0fn0" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">张江：因果与机器学习能够破解涌现之谜吗<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4540" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4540</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0oic" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因果涌现理论提出者：Erik Hoel主题报告<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4317" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4317</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01qtl" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如何从数据中发现因果涌现——神经信息压缩器<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4874" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4874</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0bip" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">标准化流技术简介<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/1999" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/1999</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mn14fnc113gc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01tom"><span leaf="">带隐状态的强化学习世界模型<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4848" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4848</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.46296296296296297" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/qZtAVROIcHQdr2uSQHFgqkLXLhwrTffXYqARMmsM3orcVOjzUBcheVicQHxRfDsouVxURGzujhzFsRBo3seLEERYket82JUhBE0CNgXzTgSQ/0?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely2="260" data-imgfileid="100245020" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b88e9989&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQdr2uSQHFgqkLXLhwrTffXYqARMmsM3orcVOjzUBcheVicQHxRfDsouVxURGzujhzFsRBo3seLEERYket82JUhBE0CNgXzTgSQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 17 May 2026 15:12:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Science：科学界的 “中年危机”，如何再突破</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731516&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=5d5633d417ecb8f4d6dbf5a8e18e8707</link>
      <description>以积淀托举新锐，在传承中奔赴创新</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>王璇</span> <span>2026-05-16 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ee30de9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQiaTriceDlkTVo4gQtml3EzdMsnsjGDzqeuQSB76vPcgZWOxE4qLibEm7xop23nJLqxCmU7dQwMyiaM90QUK79JSURCJibZoRLys1A%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>以积淀托举新锐，在传承中奔赴创新</p>
  <div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us"><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.579" data-type="png" data-w="1000" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1000" data-height="579" data-backw="578" data-backh="335" data-imgfileid="100247778" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=952a005b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTOfZ6ibp4NIXiaMgIyEiarAuvWHfbPyLXXcMfZVvz8v9mLc8Eh478CFvUaSwNBHZdS7GDqsFMBogS9wuAttHaxOBibKlwMKow4WMk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">当科研职业生涯越来越长，当退休制度逐渐放宽，科学界正面临一场静悄悄的中年危机。长期以来，我们默认 “资深学者 = 经验丰富 = 创新引领者”，但2026年5月7日发表于Science的一项大规模研究认为，随着学者职业生涯的推进，创新模式由颠覆性创新转向组合式创新，该趋势并非源于创造力的简单衰退，而是一场由学术怀旧与社交机制共同编织的认知窄化过程。这项研究不仅揭示了个体科研生命周期的隐秘规律，更为全球科研政策与人才培养提供了新的视角。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：科学创新、学术老龄化、颠覆性创新、怀旧效应、科研政策</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">王璇<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨作者</span></span></p></div><div style="text-align: right;"><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;data-mpa-powered-by&#34;:&#34;yiban.io&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: right;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">崔浩川<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨审校</span></span></p></div></div><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.29968782518210196" data-type="png" data-w="961" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="961" data-height="288" data-backw="562" data-backh="168" data-imgfileid="100247773" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ad648649&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQxtOXseOMj7Of6q6Q0XzM1ATC5aMGvCbydQjywic6h5qib1zaMvMeJku3cLu0gHE8iaZdibJYpoic1yaVFgQMl2UnvXHiaEKHJRzKAo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><blockquote><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty61u5o" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文题目：Aging and the narrowing of scientific innovation</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty615a9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文链接：<a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf8732" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf8732</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty6141q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">发表时间：2026年5月7日</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty6mv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文来源：Science</span></span></p></blockquote><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">引言：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">被延长的科研生涯，正在如何重塑科学？</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp581ty7sx2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当前全球科研生态正经历深刻重构：一方面，科研训练周期越来越长，年轻人进行独立研究的门槛不断抬高；另一方面，随着强制退休政策的取消，资深学者的职业生涯被大幅延长，科学界的年龄结构老年化。这一变化引发了一个核心却悬而未决的问题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">学术经验的累积，究竟是推动科学突破的引擎，还是束缚颠覆性思想的枷锁？</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp581ty7iry" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">传统观点认为，资深学者凭借深厚的知识储备与丰富的研究经验，更易做出开创性贡献。但也有假说提出，随着职业生涯推进，科学家会逐渐被既有知识体系锚定，难以跳出既有范式提出颠覆性问题。这两种对立的观点，始终缺乏大规模、长周期的实证检验。而这项研究通过利用大规模学术出版数据系统地回答了</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">学术老龄化如何影响科学创新</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一关键问题，为理解个体创新活动的内在规律提供了全新视角。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">科研创新分化：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">年龄规律、内在成因与群体传导</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp581ty7a1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究基于逾1200万名科学家的职业生涯数据，将科学创造力拆解为两个独立维度：“新颖性”（连接此前未关联的知识领域）与“颠覆性”（以新范式取代旧有理论）。在排除学科领域、发表年份、作者规模等干扰因素后，得出明确结论：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">学者职业生涯中，颠覆性创新产出概率会在前十余年快速下滑，之后长期维持低位</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。学者逐渐从范式革新转向体系内改良，阅历拓宽了知识整合的边界，却也禁锢了突破性思想的生长空间。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7883817427385892" data-type="png" data-w="964" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="964" data-height="760" data-imgfileid="100247774" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=16b55a55&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQOq1NNenbgVOVbFTbg6JXNrZ0iapXGmiadkZsyjicxv0rbniar2h7gt8GCSn5498UibibDczqX8uDb7Mcpzyx9Yvq8aRyFjDRbgRj4M%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mp581ty7lmu"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp59u7u58y7" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp59u7ue1c4n" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1 怀旧、印记与科学记忆的老化</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty71t6r" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一转变背后，潜藏着深刻的认知“怀旧效应”。从业时间越久，引用老旧文献的倾向越明显，逐渐固化在熟悉的知识网络中开展研究，难以主动探索全新学术方向。数据分析显示，科学家整个职业生涯中最高频引用的核心文献，大多集中于其学术生涯起步阶段（其首篇论文发表前两年左右）接触的学术成果。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty71w38" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1994 年，美国最高法院裁定废除大学强制退休制度，资深学者能无限期保留职位。研究团队把这一政策变化视作一次“自然实验”，并将同一时期的英国作为对照组，追踪两国论文引用年龄的变化轨迹。结果显示，1994年之后，相较于英国，美国论文的参考文献年龄出现显著上升。研究人员进一步对数字化档案普及、时代变化或不同学科发展趋势等解释进行了排除，结果依然成立。这意味着，当资深学者长期留在科研体系、代际更替减缓，整个科学界都会更会更多地依赖过去积累的知识。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty71dh9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究人员认为，这种趋势不仅影响个人，科研队伍的年龄结构，正在影响一个领域产生新思想和推进创新的速度。数据显示，科研队伍相对年轻的国家，如中国、韩国和印度，产出颠覆性论文的比例更高，而那些拥有更年长科研队伍的国家，如美国、英国和日本，则表现出较低的颠覆率。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">破局之路：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">如何让科学同时拥抱经验与颠覆？</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty71lg5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这项研究的结论，并非否定资深学者的价值，而是揭示了科学创新中经验与创造力之间复杂的内在张力。资深学者的知识积累是科学进步的宝贵财富，他们的组合式创新能推动学科的渐进式发展，解决复杂的现实问题。但当整个学术生态被怀旧效应主导，颠覆性创新的空间被持续压缩，科学就可能陷入渐进式改良的舒适区，错失范式突破的机会。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8176165803108808" data-type="png" data-w="965" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="965" data-height="789" data-backw="562" data-backh="460" data-imgfileid="100247775" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fc69691a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR5un1mqVKhCHTrLYGWiahQ9SxIdyiaNTg4Giap18mKTdtpibmbWPIG7h5QUh2VhyY9oe4S5OuI9CzdfZN7fjKzfUqFQicR0L6oBmxA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mp581ty71mqz"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp59uova5xa" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp59uovj1qad" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图2 团队年龄与创新张力：沉淀与突破的平衡</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp581ty717de" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">基于此，研究团队提出了一系列针对性的政策建议：首先，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">打破单一领导的团队结构</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，通过轮岗、扁平化管理等方式，让年轻学者更多参与团队决策，平衡资深领导的怀旧倾向。其次，在科研评价中</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">区分组合式创新与颠覆性创新</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，对高风险、高潜力的突破性研究给予更宽容的支持，避免单一的引用量评价体系。此外，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">推动跨代际的学术交流与合作</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，鼓励资深学者与年轻学者共同开展研究，通过思想碰撞打破认知锚定。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">结语：科学的未来，</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">需要经验的沉淀，也需要颠覆的勇气</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp581ty746t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从个体的认知怀旧，到团队的偏好传递，再到国家层面的生态固化，这项研究为我们描绘了学术老龄化如何一步步收紧科学创新的边界。它提醒我们，延长的职业生涯并非科学创新的“永动机”，经验的积累也可能成为思想突破的枷锁。科学的发展从来不是一条线性的道路，而是渐进式改良与颠覆性突破交替推进的过程。在重视资深学者经验的同时，我们更需要警惕学术生态的认知固化，为年轻学者的颠覆性探索提供土壤，为挑战旧范式的研究提供支持。唯有让经验与颠覆在学术生态中和谐共生，科学才能在稳定中不断突破，真正实现</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">站在巨人肩膀上，再向前迈一大步</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp581ty7hkc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">论文作者：</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="316" data-backw="562" data-height="1080" data-imgfileid="100247777" data-ratio="0.5625" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1920" data-width="1920" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d5ffa110&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS0TAa8RwHbYD1ADMUqjcVToP7WLdZiaZIxZ3CslkmUUrDew5PEhkSkhclkmeFYUHyzqecBZCnsh0y4kZ9eD6wApcA7iaia4aMLYk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="325" data-backw="578" data-imgfileid="100247867" data-ratio="0.5625" data-s="300,640" 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255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px -15px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">社会计算系列读书会</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">随着大数据的持续积累和数字技术的迭代，社会计算（social computing）这一交叉领域正快速兴起，社交网络分析、自然语言处理、机器学习、系统动力学、多主体建模等技术在这一领域碰撞融合，逐渐挖掘出信息时代社会行为的深层规律。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">集智俱乐部以「社会计算」为主题，组织为期10-12周的读书会，多位专家牵头，研读经典和前沿文献，交流激发科研灵感。读书会由王硕老师发起，专家顾问团包括孟小峰、罗家德、王晓、吕鹏、王静远、李勇等多位老师，现读书会已结束，欢迎点击详情链接加入读书会查看回放。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="243" data-backw="562" data-height="467" data-imgfileid="100247776" data-ratio="0.4324074074074074" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" data-width="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=98cbf574&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRaQngO3KCCTLIpNGXw96SiaYrozjWaYsvofYWUHZosjZGeYVjT93JUvhXDS4dlLyG6DXLZVClpOuuqSfsqv6LdYTQHSTseEpao%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;" data-pm-slice="2 10 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PingFangSC-light;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">详情请见：</span><a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247560674&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1d2e89651c7c0fc1b61e9f4f1f2aff6d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="融合计算科学、社会科学与复杂科学：社会计算系列读书会启动招募" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">融合计算科学、社会科学与复杂科学：社会计算系列读书会启动招募</span></a></span></span></p><p><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></p></div></span></p></div></strong></span></strong></p></div></div></strong></span></strong></p></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="260" data-backw="562" 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      <pubDate>Sat, 16 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <description>2026年5月18日周一晚上19:30-21:30分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-16 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d5cd24cd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQUib3PzwaFxELxunyjHGZ9IG8NXZEcuq3Io7XtRfNDhe0C0KvAUcuu8EHIsnLGs2qT6MPYdMTC0xolr71eCCOEia4u6FiahbOU48%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>2026年5月18日周一晚上19:30-21:30分享</p>
  <div data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 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0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p nodeleaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="242" data-backw="578" data-height="516" data-imgfileid="100247732" data-ratio="0.41849148418491483" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1233" data-width="1233" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e986065f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQUDML3XStLMD8vLoMCu2ibIg4OTmQC0tvH5F0bsdnKeErM2sojKctAUd7n23f5AjSGJa5SFiaewH0iaC2ghaPoGUQlXFFwnJuQ9U%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">免疫系统依托持续的物质能量代谢交换维持稳态，免疫细胞静息活化、功能分化、免疫记忆形成等核心免疫行为，是代谢网络重构驱动系统稳态相变的涌现性表现。靶向代谢网络和代谢表观遗传修饰，重塑肿瘤微环境，可实现机体抗肿瘤免疫的稳定。本期读书会为免疫复杂性读书会第5期，吉林大学崔久嵬教授将在本期介绍免疫现象的代谢基础，试图以复杂科学框架解读作为免疫现象物质基础的免疫代谢调节机制。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">集智俱乐部联合广州市荔湾中心医院秦健勇医生、四川大学生物医学工程学院敖平教授、天津工业大学数学科学学院雷锦志教授、中山大学附属肿瘤医院张晓实教授以及中国科技大学生命科学院博士生秦晓玉共同发起<a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247729043&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=80af28b622afee8f058865091a479179&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「免疫复杂性读书会」" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「免疫复杂性读书会」</a>，以免疫学为具体场景，以复杂科学为方法论，试图整合范式转型与理论构建、机制研究与数理建模、药物研发和临床实践以肿瘤免疫治疗为核心问题探讨21世纪生命科学认知范式转型的关键细节。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247729043&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=80af28b622afee8f058865091a479179&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="免疫复杂性读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">免疫复杂性读书会</a>自2026年4月13日启动，每周一晚19：30-21：30进行，持续时间预计26周。欢迎对肿瘤免疫学、系统生物学、复杂网络与数学生物学交叉领域感兴趣的朋友加入！</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;" nodeleaf=""><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p><p><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="1028" data-backw="578" data-height="1920" data-imgfileid="100247736" data-ratio="1.7777777777777777" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" data-width="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a48c582a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRDPeWTsQrZh1lUdwRDFMXLgRXXjKvdrqibRvHojmcSTYHWugC9DEicJaOVySzSeoeu9axibWdGNcpwoyfXFKQiaLEflKRM3vtrIw0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">报告简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5719424460431655" data-type="png" data-w="1668" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1668" data-height="954" data-backw="562" data-backh="321" data-imgfileid="100247733" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=60879c39&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHScPSmdL6u9iciaTRZspVMk5pq3mF16aC7WeT8iafPL2UST7K8nJpovXdibdJ0yzicV1bPejRpXRqoibjfC4rDrialwyNXiaxjptShsibAk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf71qop" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">免疫系统依托持续的物质能量代谢交换维持远离热力学平衡的耗散结构稳态，可以看作是是代谢网络重构驱动系统稳态相变的涌现性表现。细胞代谢网络是免疫细胞静息活化、功能分化、免疫记忆形成等免疫行为的核心物质与能量底层基础，决定了免疫系统各类正常生理及病理异常行为的演化走向。正常生理状态下，免疫细胞依托糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢及线粒体呼吸代谢的协同调控，依托正负反馈动态维持免疫临界稳态，兼顾免疫防御应答效率与免疫耐受稳定，保障机体免疫自组织有序运行。从复杂科学核心理论来看，免疫调控网络与代谢调控网络形成双向联动、深度嵌套的无标度耦合复杂系统，mTOR、AMPK、HIF-1α等核心枢纽分子贯穿两大网络体系，单一节点的微小代谢扰动可通过非线性级联放大效应引发全局免疫系统稳态漂移。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6945898778359512" data-type="png" data-w="1719" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1719" data-height="1194" data-backw="562" data-backh="390" data-imgfileid="100247735" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d17500e7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTtCWmh6Z5cBJWNibe2AZUFdPic4VkuHBU3ShW8NTuWvJfTTMh3l2MLttot0sBLGfkjRxUiaM5sZaiaLHBSF76g3LYJw5xODkuwQdc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf71w9u" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">免疫细胞不同功能表型的定向分化，本质是代谢稳态的多稳态相变过程：静息态免疫细胞以氧化磷酸化与脂肪酸氧化为核心代谢模式，维持免疫系统基础稳定临界态；促炎效应免疫细胞受外界抗原刺激后快速启动有氧糖酵解重编程，通过代谢正反馈环路驱动免疫系统激活相变，快速放大炎症防御应答；调节性抑制免疫细胞则依托脂代谢强化与线粒体功能稳定，通过负反馈调控制衡过度免疫激活，避免系统紊乱失控；而免疫记忆的形成并非简单信号留存，而是代谢网络拓扑结构永久性重塑与代谢表观遗传修饰固化的长期系统演化结果。同时，免疫微环境代谢资源竞争、代谢废物累积形成局部自组织博弈格局，进一步介导免疫细胞适应性重塑，决定局部免疫抑制或激活的差异化涌现状态。通过代谢重塑调控肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞的代谢特点，构建适合肿瘤细胞生长和生存的肿瘤微环境。并且通过代谢中间产物的异常变化调控表观遗传修饰进一步影响免疫细胞的基因表达程序，促进肿瘤逃避免疫监视。核心诱因为免疫-代谢耦合复杂系统临界稳态失衡与有序结构破缺。综上，从复杂科学视角厘清免疫现象的代谢底层基础，打破了单一靶点研究的局限，转向系统代谢稳态重塑干预肿瘤提供全新理论支撑。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6525522041763341" data-type="png" data-w="1724" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1724" data-height="1125" data-backw="562" data-backh="367" data-imgfileid="100247734" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5f1a428e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR7x7AMECypbRo1iaQrwMKrnedgt5qxSKibqfuicwfKP7F1jfHRicicTZHMjntYoPXhV0vLl9yssUHibYzNkp2MaJVEf76e9OOtg8ARI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf73js" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂科学视角下，免疫现象的代谢基础研究实现了从 “线性还原” 到 “系统网络” 的认知跃迁，为肿瘤等疾病提供了新的治疗思路。在复杂科学视角下，提升肿瘤免疫代谢网络鲁棒性，并非单纯杀伤肿瘤，而是以系统稳态为核心，增强正常免疫代谢网络的抗干扰、代偿、自我修复能力，同时削弱肿瘤恶性网络的鲁棒优势，最终实现机体抗肿瘤免疫系统的稳定可持续运行。当前，临床肿瘤治疗已在代谢联合免疫治疗、CAR-T 代谢优化、个体化代谢分型等方面取得突破性进展，但仍面临网络复杂性、技术瓶颈、转化障碍等挑战。未来，依托AI与多组学技术构建全局免疫代谢网络模型，研发精准代谢检测技术和分型诊疗，推行多靶点联合干预模式，迈向精准化、系统化、个体化的全新阶段，为改善肿瘤等复杂疾病临床预后开辟新途径。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">分享大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="324" data-backw="562" data-height="416" data-imgfileid="100247739" data-ratio="0.5769764216366158" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="721" data-width="721" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=49391146&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSJb4icjdJE5qSVKc8kWHliazEGRYQ90Z2DszVicn9cib1maeicnjSGkgvicJ3tZqxiaG96IN37BFnyqiaIxeCmX322kQFwDoAVVyhykf0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">核心概念</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf7dj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">代谢是一切生命现象的物质基础，代谢活动不仅是免疫细胞能量供应的基础，更是其功能调控的关键因素。理解肿瘤免疫代谢调节的底层机制，有助于更好地解释临床现象、设计更好的免疫调节治疗策略，以期操控免疫治疗反应的演变方向实现控瘤技术水准的提升。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.41601255886970173" data-type="png" data-w="1911" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1911" data-height="795" data-backw="562" data-backh="234" data-imgfileid="100247740" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=31b4d3b0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTORcDbS5QSugVPRWl64LjWPU6vVTYRB51sV00hb9v3b7ETnStdqWHTn5mn19P7PrgzPaw6bybicSBuUKD7dg3X0E2cicyXdgYQg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp57lbf71rzi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">免疫-代谢耦合复杂系统</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf7ea0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">免疫系统并非由线性信号通路简单控制，其本质是一个基于持续物质能量交换维持的“耗散结构”。它的稳态是代谢网络动态重构所驱动的“涌现性”表现。免疫调控网络与代谢调控网络深度嵌套，形成了双向联动、具有“无标度”特性的复杂耦合系统。mTOR、AMPK等分子是贯穿两大网络的枢纽，这意味着对单一代谢节点的微小扰动，可能通过非线性级联放大效应，引发整个免疫系统稳态的全局性“漂移”。这一视角打破了传统单一靶点研究的局限，将免疫现象理解为复杂系统的整体行为。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4467120181405896" data-type="png" data-w="1764" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1764" data-height="788" data-backw="562" data-backh="251" data-imgfileid="100247738" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cdcd54ca&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTA6bDYuOa7HvEGgGemzEjp9upv3LAUZ3vaicialOeajKZMvputTNPfyNmd5wbgHT2RyecQS51XyVS781bfkqDjvb4I6wicCznicms%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp57lbf7210x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">代谢稳态与免疫相变</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf710yw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">免疫细胞的功能表型定向分化，实质上是其内部代谢稳态发生“多稳态相变”的过程。静息态细胞依赖氧化磷酸化维持基础稳定；促炎效应细胞在激活后迅速重编程为有氧糖酵解，通过代谢正反馈环路驱动系统向“激活相”转变；调节性细胞则强化脂代谢以施加负反馈，防止过度激活。免疫记忆的形成更是代谢网络拓扑结构永久性重塑和表观遗传修饰固化的结果。同时，微环境中代谢资源的竞争与废物累积，构成局部“自组织博弈”，最终介导免疫抑制或激活等差异化状态的“涌现”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp57lbf71a8i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">肿瘤免疫代谢干预的新范式</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf7bqz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从复杂科学视角看，肿瘤生物学行为演变与“免疫-代谢耦合系统”的临界稳态失衡密切相关。因此，治疗思路应从传统顾此失彼的“线性还原”式杀伤，转向以“系统稳态”为核心的新范式。以免疫重建为中心的控瘤治疗策略目标表现为一体两面：一是提升机体正常免疫代谢网络的“鲁棒性”，即增强其抗干扰、代偿与自我修复能力；二是削弱肿瘤恶性网络的鲁棒优势。实现这一目标的理想途径是基于第一性原理对肿瘤生态学，尤其是系统免疫学的深刻洞察，这需要多靶点联合干预（如代谢联合免疫治疗、CAR-T代谢优化），并依托AI与多组学技术构建全局网络模型，以期精准的代谢分型与个体化诊疗，最终引导机体抗肿瘤免疫系统回归稳定、可持续的运行状态。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.691743119266055" data-type="png" data-w="1635" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1635" data-height="1131" data-backw="562" data-backh="389" data-imgfileid="100247742" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=78434e28&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSt3kJwaONaPduLvFThraYqmmsQ538M2KxqBhrUWgoUlXf7nicYh4h0LuHR4x1Q7FiaElbfficHUXquEZwAGB6dUAsF148AAnASkw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57lbf7kuc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然而就现实而言，有两大临床标准可作为实现这一理想的现实抓手：一个是TMB/MDT，尽可能集思广益优化方案并彻底贯彻实施。另一个是全程管理，将简约的切片式管理转化为与宿主整体状态时空演变相呼应的系统管理。当然这种范式的管理，显然极其消耗资源的。未来，以AI和第一性原理结合的数字孪生技术，必可革命性改善这一局面。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">主讲人介绍</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100247741" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=70270dc3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSTbvYicz5lZWia8TNLNnpz46ic8zBHbFtSsCCoBub4bdWAmVNIYPcIeiaf0EGRExolr6xicHCawukYzYMZicDe0eDmUZDUicxPeb51DA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp57lbf71s3f" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主讲人</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：崔久嵬，教授，博士生导师，吉林大学肿瘤研究所所长，吉林大学第一医院肿瘤科主任。主要研究方向为肿瘤免疫治疗。主持教育部重大科技创新项目、国家自然科学基金重点专项项目等，以通讯作者在JAMA Oncol、Mol Cancer、Genome Biol等期刊发表相关研究成果。兼任中国抗癌协会第九届理事会常务理事、中国临床肿瘤学会（CSCO）常务理事、中国医师协会肿瘤医师分会常务委员、CSCO免疫治疗专委会副主任委员、中国抗癌协会肿瘤营养专业委员会副主任委员等学术任职。荣获中国肿瘤青年科学家奖、吉林省科学技术奖一等奖、吉林省青年科技奖特别奖、中国肿瘤营养杰出贡献奖、“人民好医生”优秀风范奖等奖励。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.6em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp57lbf71li8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp57pvfrjkk"><span leaf="">Hu T, Liu CH, Lei M, Zeng Q, Li L, Tang H, Zhang N. Metabolic regulation of the immune system in health and diseases: mechanisms and interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Oct 9;9(1):268.</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.6em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57pvfr1h1i" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Mogilenko DA, Sergushichev A, Artyomov MN. Systems Immunology Approaches to Metabolism. Annu Rev Immunol. 2023 Apr 26;41:317-342.</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.6em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57pvfr1728" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Wu G, Fan X, Cheng L, Chen Z, Yi Y, Liang J, Huang X, Yang N, Yin J, Guo W, Huang Y, Yin S. Metabolism-driven posttranslational modifications and immune regulation: Emerging targets for immunotherapy. Sci Adv. 2025 Sep 12;11(37):eadx6489.</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.6em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57pvfry0p" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Trefny MP, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L, Kobold S. Metabolites as agents and targets for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2025 Oct;24(10):764-784.</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.6em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp57pvfr20wg" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Lv Y, Li Z, Liu S, Zhou Z, Song J, Ba Y, Weng S, Zuo A, Xu H, Luo P, Cheng Q, Zhang C, Ning J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Han X. Metabolic checkpoints in immune cell reprogramming: rewiring immunometabolism for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer. 2025 Aug 2;24(1):210.</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.6em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp57lbf71ejw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp57pvfr1h3p"><span leaf="">Zhang Y, Zhuang W, Zhu H, Meng F, Chen M, Guo Y, Fan J, Sun Y, Ji T. Neuroimmunometabolic co-evolution in the tumor micro- and macroenvironment. Cell Metab. 2026 Apr 7;38(4):655-672.</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">读书会在做什么</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1ce7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">免疫复杂性读书会，从2026年4月13日开始，每周一晚19：30，连续半年，聚焦免疫复杂性主题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djecea" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">读书会主题划分为三个模块：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje15ax" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-weight: bold;">【导言】生命科学范式漫谈</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje23xl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由资深生命科学研究者朱景德教授激情畅谈复杂系统范式对于生命科学研究的意义。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje14hd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-weight: bold;">【机制解读篇】</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje243" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由中国学者敖平教授介绍基于普适的达尔文演化力学这个第一性原理发展起来内源性网络理论在理解复杂生命现象中的应用；这部分的整体架构是以EVO-DEV-ECO框架展开的，邀请国内研究免疫机制演化和发育的顶尖团队，分享他们的研究成果。同时对免疫机制的核心问题如免疫代谢、T细胞功能调控网络、神经-免疫的对话由长期关注此问题的资深学者展开探讨。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djef66" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">范式转换需以方法论为基础，由在此领域深耕的青年才俊介绍干湿结合的生物学机制研究方法，免疫稳态与免疫韧性是免疫健康的主旋律，我们也尝试基于复杂科学视角尝试对其进行解读……</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djeijs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-weight: bold;">【数理建模篇】</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje190n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">数学本质上是一种对认知进行准确描述和具有很强逻辑性的语言，由通用的数学符号体系建立起来的数学语言作为科学基础的工具为人类深化对自然界的认知起了不可或缺的作用，数学在不断演化中发展，同时不断拓展着人类的认知边疆。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1hr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不少物理学家都曾感叹数学不可思议的有效性，数学，尤其是对称性思想在构建物理学宏伟大厦的过程中是不可缺少的工具。数学在科学发展史上的巨大作用，使得科学家们又尝试以数学工具介入对生命现象的探索，但又难免惆怅：喟叹其不可思议的无效性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1aag" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">癌生物学家 Robert Weinberg 提出“数学能否帮助人们理解生物系统复杂行为的合理性”这样一个极具挑战的问题。应用数学家林家翘先生提出“20世纪的应用数学聚焦于物理学问题，21世纪的应用数学数学应致力解决生物学问题”，预示了数学与生命科学交叉融合的重要性。在数理建模篇，将由国内一流的数学生物学团队介绍他们在这一领域的探索，侧重于肿瘤免疫相互作用的数学建模，尝试通过机理与数据驱动相结合的研究手段，采用微分方程组(随机或确定性)并结合随机模拟来描述肿瘤免疫响应的动力学演变过程。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje68h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">虚拟细胞在当前AI高歌猛进的时代背景下似乎成了时代的宠儿——2026年伊始，最小人造细胞JCVI-syn3A的数字克隆取得新的进展——虚拟细胞精确复现了细胞分裂动力学周期和关键事件。虚拟细胞是理解生命现象的前沿领域，被寄希望应用于药物研发和临床药理学领域。本次读书会邀请到了首届全球虚拟细胞大赛冠军团队百图生科技术副总监郭玉成博士，他将对该次突破性虚拟细胞建模的技术路线进行解读，郭玉成博士目前已经着手在实验室复现此次虚拟细胞的动力学过程。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djei6k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-weight: bold;">【工程技术篇】</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1uxi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一模块将从国药之光康方生物双抗类药物的研发实践开始，讨论免疫调节工具研发的工程实践，药物的临床验证和优化使用情况。最后聚焦到临床痛点，宿主治疗响应的评估与监测，提高药物有效率的联合治疗和系统管理策略。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djewz5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">模块的设计初衷是希望通过系统回顾双特异性抗体的研发逻辑、PD-1抑制剂的临床药理、免疫紊乱的抗炎治疗、情绪应激与免疫应答之间的机制，结合几个具体的典型案例，来讨论：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1rh7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">宿主免疫对治疗响应的监控与控制，</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1vck" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如何优化肿瘤免疫联合治疗方案？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1cpt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">进而在本模块跨学科讨论的基础上回归到第一性原理，探讨新生物视角下临床困境的出路和科学探索方向。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djedne" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-weight: bold;">【总结】</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djedne" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由在肿瘤免疫学领域深耕20余年的张晓实教授主持讨论，主题是“提高肿瘤免疫治疗应答率的联合用药策略和系统管理框架”。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5689450809956539" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="2531" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/qZtAVROIcHTqnWESprww5az1rbH42OVIdHTSX184poy1LXSpLbsNHQa9Zic9KCsuTGnU0BHCVSyppAmOVP29C20OxCRWibYgFRUdlnmTyH74w/0?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely2="322" data-backw="562" data-backh="320" data-imgfileid="100247334" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8f5720d9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTqnWESprww5az1rbH42OVIdHTSX184poy1LXSpLbsNHQa9Zic9KCsuTGnU0BHCVSyppAmOVP29C20OxCRWibYgFRUdlnmTyH74w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">时间信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje153" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="">2026年4月27日（周一）晚19:30-21:30，<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">腾讯会议线上</span>进行，感兴趣的朋友扫码报名加入免疫复杂性读书会后，可进入学员群进行交流。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名读书会：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">「免疫复杂性读书会：范式、理论与工具」</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djedhi" style="font-size: 15px;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247729043&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=80af28b622afee8f058865091a479179&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="免疫复杂性读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">免疫复杂性读书会</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，是一个以免疫现象为核心场景，以复杂科学为方法论，试图整合机制研究、数理建模、研发和临床实践问题来思考21世纪生命科学认知范式转型的跨学科研讨社群。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1qms" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">讲者们来自各自领域的一线前沿，将基于自己长期的工作积淀与思考展开演讲，同时提供精要的参考文献。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje17ob" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本读书会将围绕一个临床问题——如何优化以免疫治疗为中心的控瘤策略？——来展开讨论。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1z1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">试图以范式思考与理论建模视角，回归到第一性原理的起点，去重构认知框架，激发对话与洞见。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1egs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">发起人团队认为，将免疫系统视为动态复杂适应性网络，基于认知范式思考肿瘤免疫治疗的瓶颈——或能对当前免疫治疗的困境有所突破，构建出一套有效的联合治疗原则性框架，为临床实践提供指引。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje455" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">扫描海报中二维码报名参加读书会</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="1387" data-backw="562" data-height="2910" data-imgfileid="100245586" data-ratio="2.4681933842239188" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1179" data-width="1179" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ace4126e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTUFWwuCGicPmdKbKUPrCjDgdzmCeAH5gKfRHa7yUnnpVX2jAq4g1YPbpYRPbGv5SS7QVQwsJYytGYQprH6VOtrAxfWPAnATtts%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje22dp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);">报名方式</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1ehj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一步：微信扫码填写报名信息。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 141px;height: 141px;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100245582" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7442c788&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSvfQYImjXJiamRAl3gGkNWP3J5hqhnhhmkfpRiciagphKVlNYWxDXM0Rz29sZWcm1eLwr7b6zNGIO2jyW0HfAzrPnNZPiat11jSGs%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqucsx223u2" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mnqucsxn1vop" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">扫码报名</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1kle" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二步：填写信息后，付费报名。如需用支付宝支付，请在PC端进入读书会页面报名支付：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1p8d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三步：添加运营助理微信，拉入对应主题的读书会社区（微信群）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje13dt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">PS：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1djepea" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们鼓励围绕系统肿瘤免疫学、系统生物学、复杂网络与数学生物学及相关具体问题的深入探讨。为保证讨论质量，请避免发表脱离本期读书会主题、缺乏实证基础或过于空泛的哲学思辨类内容。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1k07" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">若讨论内容明显偏离主题，经主持人提醒后仍未调整，为维护整体学习环境，我们将不得不将该成员请出讨论群，并根据其实际参与进度，对未参与部分按比例办理退费。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje23y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感谢您的理解与配合，让我们共同营造一个专注、深入、有收获的共学空间。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1q6n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);">加入社区可享核心资源</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnqu1djegen" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">成为会员即可解锁完整学习生态，包括：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">线上实时问答、全部课程录播回看、独家资料共享、高质量社群交流、第一手信息同步，</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以及通过</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">参与共创任务获取积分</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">等权益。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="307" data-backw="562" data-height="1022" data-imgfileid="100245587" data-ratio="0.5471092077087795" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1868" data-width="1868" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=75e46088&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQRLJkPwPpUAOaBPSGgDtsbpOc4M5w03HIjuFwGI8oL7vJicZj6S2F1JsC1vfy0Pa6EkTYWvpQciagWe2rIWhQLJeGyOKicjGk5wU%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje14tf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);">特色退费与激励机制</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje152g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们提供以下两种途径，让您的投入获得实际回馈：</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li style="white-space: pre-wrap;text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje153b" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">任务达标退费路径</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje153b" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">认领并合格完成任意三期字幕任务，即可退还全额报名费，并额外获得集智专属周边奖励。</span></span></span></p></li><li style="white-space: pre-wrap;text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnqu1djeox6" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">运营成长激励路径</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnqu1djeox6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">合格完成一个字幕任务后，可申请成为运营助理。在读书会项目顺利结项后，将退还学费。表现优异者，还有机会获得额外的奖学金。</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnqu1dje1av8"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-weight: bold;">推荐阅读</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" 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      <pubDate>Sat, 16 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>当AI的键值记忆遇上大脑：原来我们和AI共享同一套记忆逻辑</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731466&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=36b1df99174f7ace257aaee86a9666f8</link>
      <description>记忆存取与遗忘机制的新解释框架</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>贾梓杏</span> <span>2026-05-15 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=45711632&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRt79TxynWkP8icbrbxSjMlVujy5y1kOotiaxkzZbPKOK81CTMU89ZnrOhv4Od0iaAgmeialQAnsfGYv2ExqNGnhFGV6eyWfuEslPM%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>记忆存取与遗忘机制的新解释框架</p>
  <div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us"><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="434" data-backw="578" data-height="1773" data-imgfileid="100247265" data-ratio="0.75" style="width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="2364" data-width="2364" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d1c7e972&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSONbwiaIPx3sqcg5D7umI3FNFhXtqfhgvRmH1pnPCYqKlpGJkN0xco0OXWuiad3HaOg6icFdGxmLLkC8dTSTRr4Kaib3u2umrgTv4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">在日常经验中，我们常把“遗忘”理解为信息的流失：时间久了，记忆就会慢慢消失；学习新知识，也可能覆盖旧内容。然而，从短视频推荐到大语言模型，再到人类被线索唤醒的记忆体验，这些现象或许指向另一种解释。这篇发表于 Neuron 的研究提出“键值记忆”框架，将记忆拆分为“索引”与“内容”两个部分：海马体负责提供检索线索，新皮层负责存储信息本身。在这一视角下，遗忘不再是内容消失，而更像是“找不到入口”——信息仍在，只是暂时无法被提取。这一跨越人工智能与脑科学的统一模型，不仅重塑了我们对记忆机制的理解，也为持续学习与智能系统设计提供了新的思路。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：键值记忆（key–value memory）、海马体、新皮层、记忆检索、遗忘机制、Transformer、持续学习、认知神经科学</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">贾梓杏<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨作者</span></span><p><span leaf="" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size:13px;font-family:&#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.544px;text-decoration:none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">张江<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨审校</span></span></p></div></div><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxachd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">刷短视频时，平台似乎总能“刚好知道你想看什么”；用AI写文案时，模型可以顺畅地接着你的思路往下生成；而当我们回忆童年趣事，一些零散的线索——一段旋律、一种气味——往往就能勾起完整的场景。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxaus6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这些看似毫不相关的体验，其实都指向一个共同的问题：信息是如何被“存住”，又是如何被“找回”的？</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxaf3x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在人工智能中，一个常见的解释是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">键值记忆（key–value memory）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：系统通过线索定位信息，再提取对应内容。近年来，神经科学研究也提出类似视角。2025年发表于 </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Neuron </span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的论文《Key-value memory in the brain》尝试用“索引—内容分工”来理解大脑：海马体更偏向提供检索线索，新皮层更多承担信息存储。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1vok" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这并不意味着大脑就是一个简单的“键值系统”，但这个框架提供了一种有启发性的统一视角，让我们重新审视一个熟悉却复杂的问题：记忆是如何被组织的，又为什么会“遗忘”。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">一、什么是键值记忆？AI的“记忆秘诀”很简单</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa22qd" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">键值记忆</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">听起来专业，实则逻辑我们每天都在用：手机通讯录里，姓名是“键”（Key），电话号码是“值”（Value），找姓名就能快速查号码——这就是它的核心：“键”定位，“值”存储，分工明确。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa201d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">AI领域里，键值记忆早已是标配：ChatGPT等大模型的Transformer架构、检索增强生成（RAG）技术，核心都是键值配对。它的优势，源于对传统记忆模型短板的突破。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa61x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">传统</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自联想记忆</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（Auto-Associative Memory）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（如图1左图所示），可以追溯到神经科学先驱约翰·霍普菲尔德在上世纪提出的Hopfield网络。在这个模型中，记忆以整体模式的形式被存储：只要给定一个不完整或带噪声的输入，网络就会自动“收敛”到最接近的完整记忆。这种机制就像把照片和名字写在同一张纸上——回忆时需要同时还原整个内容，因此一旦信息变多或彼此相似，就容易混淆或出错。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxazg2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而键值记忆将“定位”和“存储”分开：“键”只负责找位置，“值”只负责存内容，像书的目录（键）和正文（值），各司其职、互不干扰。以回忆过程为例，只需要给模型一个轻量的Key，而不是一个全量的内容，就能实现Key到Value的查找。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1822" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">键值记忆的流程只有两步，和查字典、找通讯录完全一致：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa11yw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1. 写入记忆：将“键”和“值”绑定存入系统（比如记单词时，拼写是键、中文意思是值）；</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa15cu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2. 读取记忆：用“查询线索”匹配键，提取对应的值（比如看到单词拼写，提取中文意思）。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="315" data-backw="562" data-height="620" data-imgfileid="100247268" data-ratio="0.5610859728506787" style="width: 100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1105" data-width="1105" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e89fbdb6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ4KCkNIRGgtRPdF085syfufIictaKYHrgfhuicmS3YfayJTmUHx9pMa72cOBUL3rjsxDA33qXWaKT4QydhdPibgjWDllruHrGI2o%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4n76114k1" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mow4n76ek13" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 1：自联想记忆与键值记忆的结构对比（作者绘制），前者通过整体模式匹配进行记忆恢复，后者将记忆拆分为“键”（用于定位）与“值”（用于存储），实现解耦检索。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1lyi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">神奇的是，Transformer、多层感知机（MLP）乃至人类大脑，都是这套流程的不同实现——这正是论文最核心的发现：人工与自然智能，记忆底层逻辑高度一致。</span></span></strong></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">二、大脑的“键值分工”：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">海马体是“索引员”，新皮层是“仓库管理员”</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa4xj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人类大脑本身就是一套天然的键值记忆架构，论文通过大量实验，明确了两个核心脑区的分工：海马体负责“键”，新皮层负责“值”。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxaxho" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">简单认识两个脑区：海马体是“记忆之门”，体积小但关键，受损会导致无法形成新记忆；新皮层是“记忆仓库”，占大脑大部分体积，存储常识、技能、感官体验等。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxab7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">过去科学家只知两者分工不同，却不懂协同逻辑。直到1995年O’Reilly等人的工作[1]发表，人们才认识到：海马体不存具体内容，只编“索引”（键）；新皮层不负责定位，只存“内容”（值）。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1b31" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">比如第一次去某一家特别的餐厅，海马体编码“键”——位置、装修、同行的人；新皮层存储“值”——味道、心情。后来看到相似装修（查询线索），海马体匹配键，从新皮层提取值，完整记忆就浮现了。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8458333333333333" data-type="png" data-w="480" data-width="480" data-height="406" data-imgfileid="100247269" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bccdff4a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSxKASJRdwS9awCVXW0Qibs09GyyjAzPeJAoNwQ7PRNlyMjuumf9sf8Ng5XKPFKiaxAXWzOzNq9WxTjS7pK6icVtatAa65ZOkqYxc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4nquc1pe7" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mow4nquj1lrd" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 2：大脑中海马体和皮层的位置示意图，蓝色弯曲状的区域即为海马体图源[1]</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1csw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">论文基于大量经典认知神经科学实验，建立了</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">海马体编码键、新皮层存储值</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的分工框架。其中两组实验证据[2][3]最直接、可重复性最强:</span></span></span></p><h5 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1dh1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">实验1：记忆并未消失，而是会随时间发生泛化，并可被线索重新精确化</span></span></h5><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxazz7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为了检验记忆是在消失，还是在变得难以精确提取，研究者设计了经典的情境恐惧实验。大鼠在环境A中经历电击后，会形成情境特异性恐惧记忆。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1i3c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在短期测试中，这种记忆表现得非常精确：大鼠能区分高度相似的环境B和完全不同的环境C，只在A表现出明显恐惧反应。但随着时间推移，这种精确性下降——大鼠开始对相似环境B也产生恐惧反应，表现出明显的“记忆泛化”。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxag4i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">关键发现是，这种变模糊的记忆并非真正丢失。当研究者只提供一个简单线索（例如将大鼠短暂带回环境A进行提示）后，大鼠对A与B的区分能力可以恢复，重新表现出对A的特异性恐惧反应。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1pb1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一结果表明：记忆内容本身仍然存在，只是随着时间推移，检索过程变得不稳定，导致提取结果变得泛化；而合适的线索可以重新激活原本精确的记忆，使其“从模糊回到清晰”。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="191" data-backw="562" data-height="354" data-imgfileid="100247267" data-ratio="0.3397312859884837" style="width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1042" data-width="1042" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9ae442a7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQxuMlUbKv49Qt8Ujk8vUL1ia2QTXzm69QfMDsEaj6FXoa61bVCUibPmdGPbiadCcNzGCcq5ia36Je34bMjLQ7fMia2WJGYzLqwtIbk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4o4cl9ht" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mow4o4cy14hr" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 3：小鼠情境恐惧实验流程图[4]。大鼠在环境A形成恐惧记忆，短期内可区分相似环境B与不同环境C，但随时间出现泛化；通过回到A进行提示后，记忆可重新恢复精确性。</span></span></p><h5 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxaszv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">实验 2：海马体通过拉开相似记忆的表征来减少混淆，实现索引分离</span></span></h5><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1dc5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为了理解大脑如何区分高度相似的记忆，研究者让大鼠学习两条高度重叠的迷宫路线（约80%路径相同），并要求它们准确区分不同路线以获得食物奖励。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxafw6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在学习初期，由于两条路线高度相似，大鼠容易混淆，对应的神经活动模式也彼此接近。随着学习深入，海马体中的表征逐渐发生变化：即使在重叠路段，两条路线的神经活动模式也被明显拉开，相似度持续下降。这种变化与行为表现直接相关——表征分离越明显，大鼠的区分准确率也越高。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxaeqa" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">相比之下，新皮层中的表征始终保持较高相似性，更稳定地反映路线本身的视觉与空间特征，并不会主动放大差异。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1li4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这说明，在面对相似记忆时，大脑并不是单纯依赖存储内容来区分，而是通过海马体提高不同记忆之间的区分度，减少检索时的相互干扰。相对而言，新皮层更专注于保持内容本身的稳定与完整。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1e3c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从这个角度看，两者形成了一种分工：一侧负责把相似记忆区分开，另一侧负责把内容尽可能准确地保留下来。这种分工方式，与键值记忆中定位与存储分离的思路是相契合的。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">三、我们到底为什么会“遗忘”？</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxacb0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从键值记忆的视角来看，遗忘不再被简单理解为记忆内容的逐渐消失。相关研究（如Berens et al.[4]提出，记忆表现下降往往可以拆解为两个维度：能否被提取，以及提取是否精确。很多情况下，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大脑记忆一旦存储，就长时间保存在新皮层，不会被擦除；遗忘本质是海马体的“键”失效，找不到索引，无法提取内容</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa44p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一观点与“键值记忆”框架形成了直接对应关系：如果将记忆内容视为“值”，将检索线索视为“键”，那么遗忘更可能发生在“键”失效或匹配困难的环节，而不是“值”本身被删除。在这一假说下，一个自然的问题是：这种“检索失败”是否能够在行为实验中被观察到。为此，研究者设计了两类经典实验。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1fwg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一类实验关注时间对记忆表现的影响。受试者需要记忆屏幕上目标出现的位置，并在不同时间间隔后进行回忆测试。结果显示：随着时间延长，能够成功回忆的人数下降，但只要能够回忆，他们报告坐标的精度与第一天毫无差别。这说明记忆内容（值）始终清晰，变弱的是海马体的索引能力（键）——时间久了，线索匹配效率下降，导致“搜不到”而非“记错了”。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1v6p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二类实验则考察干扰的作用。受试者依次学习多组单词列表，并在最后回忆其中某一组。结果发现，被遗忘程度主要取决于该组内部信息的复杂度，而与后续学习内容的长度关系不大。这意味着遗忘并非“新记忆覆盖旧记忆”，而是相似记忆的索引互相竞争、互相干扰，导致检索失败。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">四：AI的“遗忘”，能被“唤醒”</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa591" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有趣的是，键值记忆框架也为理解AI的“灾难性遗忘”提供了新视角。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1kj1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在传统机器学习的解释中，当模型先学习识别“猫”，再学习识别“狗”时，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">猫</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">”</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的知识被新任务</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">覆盖删除</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">”</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">了</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。但在这篇论文所提出的框架下，可以从另一种角度理解这一过程：模型并非完全“忘记”了猫的知识，而是在参数空间中仍然保留相关信息的情况下，后续学习的表征在推理时占据了更强的激活优势，从而在检索阶段抑制了旧任务的输出。这与键值记忆中“内容仍在，但索引竞争导致无法顺利提取”的机制具有一定形式上的相似性。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxayyx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这种视角也与人类记忆中的一些现象形成呼应。例如，在日常体验中，我们常常会出现“明明知道但一时想不起来”的情况。这类现象通常被解释为信息并未丢失，而是在提取过程中受到干扰或索引路径暂时失效。不过需要强调的是，人类记忆系统依赖海马体与新皮层的协同结构，而当前人工神经网络是单一参数系统，两者在实现机制上并不相同。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1xek" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">尽管如此，这种“现象相似但机制不同”的对应关系，为理解不同智能系统中的记忆可及性问题提供了一种统一的描述语言。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa18m" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在机器学习研究中，类似的现象也在标准的连续学习（continual learning）设置中被反复观察。例如多任务学习MLP实验：任务1识别MNIST手写数字（0和1），准确率达99%；任务2识别FashionMNIST服饰（T恤和裤子），准确率达95%，不做任何抗遗忘处理。结果表明：任务2训练后，任务1准确率从99%暴跌到9%，复现“灾难性遗忘”。但推理时放大任务1的“键值对”分量（模拟激光激活大脑沉默记忆），无需重新训练，准确率随放大系数回升，最终回到99%。</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这类现象进一步提示，“遗忘”在许多情况下更接近于检索竞争，而非信息彻底消失。</span></span></strong></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="520" data-imgfileid="100247270" data-ratio="0.38179148311306904" data-width="1362" data-type="png" data-w="1362" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=70dc5ec8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTEvPreQb2r2FxKAZVxCBzARJJRCYFzGjicgHgCnkh8Pa3ZfY9b0JmiaXO8UVia5eRxDPNXGGXB6aJu5ol2w3ccp9kLQibKV2Gnb8k%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4oz801r4i" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mow4oz8fwzl" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 4：连续学习中的遗忘与再激活 [5]。模型在先后学习任务1（MNIST）与任务2（FashionMNIST）后，任务1性能显著下降，但通过增强对应任务的激活路径，可部分恢复其输出能力。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1fp4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这证明：任务1的记忆没被擦掉，只是被干扰成“沉默记忆”，放大键值分量就能唤醒——和人类的遗忘与唤醒，逻辑完全一致。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">五、结语：人工与自然智能的“记忆共鸣”</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1z7x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这篇论文的核心贡献，并不在于提出某种新的工程方法，而在于提供了一种统一的解释框架——用键值记忆的视角，将脑科学、认知心理学与机器学习中的记忆机制联系起来，使“信息如何被存储与检索”这一问题可以在同一抽象层面被讨论。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1ex2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">需要指出的是，键值记忆仍是一种计算层面的建模工具，更适合作为解释框架，而非对大脑机制的最终定论。大脑记忆系统涉及多脑区协同与多尺度动态过程，其复杂性远超过简单的“键—值”二分结构。因此，这一框架的意义不在于宣称“大脑等同于某种计算模型”，而在于提供了一种跨领域可对话的概念语言，使不同学科能够在同一抽象层面讨论记忆问题。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa20sr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在这一框架下，一些现象获得了更统一的理解：无论是人类记忆中的“暂时想不起来”，还是机器学习中的灾难性遗忘，都可以被看作是检索过程受阻或竞争增强的结果，而非信息完全消失。这一视角也为人工智能提供了启发：通过引入类似“索引与内容分离”的结构设计，或增强特定路径的选择性激活，有望提升模型在连续学习中的稳定性。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1bvk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从更宏观来看，这种跨领域对照并不是结论，而是一种起点。它提示我们，当人工智能与神经科学在同一概念框架下对齐时，既可能加深对大脑的理解，也可能推动更具持续学习能力的人工系统设计。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxac9w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感兴趣可查看论文官方代码仓库（<a href="https://github.com/kazuki-irie/kv-memory-brain），亲身体验键值记忆的魅力——了解AI的记忆逻辑，也是在了解我们自己的大脑。" target="_blank">https://github.com/kazuki-irie/kv-memory-brain），亲身体验键值记忆的魅力——了解AI的记忆逻辑，也是在了解我们自己的大脑。</a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxac9w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">参考资料</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa7hl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mow4pych1gxz"><span leaf="">[1]McClelland, J.L., McNaughton, B.L., and O’Reilly, R.C. (1995). Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory. Psychol. Rev. 102, 419–457. <a href="https://doi.org/10." target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.</a> 1037/0033-295X.102.3.419.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4pych1pe5" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[2]Wiltgen, B.J., Zhou, M., Cai, Y., Balaji, J., Karlsson, M.G., Parivash, S.N., Li, W., and Silva, A.J. (2010). The hippocampus plays a selective role in the retrieval of detailed contextual memories. Curr. Biol. 20, 13361344. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.068" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.068</a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4pych9z7" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[3]Chanales, A.J.H., Oza, A., Favila, S.E., and Kuhl, B.A. (2017). Overlap among spatial memories triggers repulsion of hippocampal representations. Curr. Biol. 27, 2307–2317.e5. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017." target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.</a> 06.057.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4pycho7" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[4]Gutiérrez B J, Shu Y, Gu Y, et al. HippoRAG: Neurobiologically Inspired Long-Term Memory for Large Language Models[J]. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.14831, 2025.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4pychvu2" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[5]Gershman et al., Key-value memory in the brain, Neuron (2025), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2025.02.029" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2025.02.029</a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4pych17kv" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[6]Berens, S.C., Richards, B.A., and Horner, A.J. (2020). Dissociating memory accessibility and precision in forgetting. Nat. Hum. Behav. 4, 866–877. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0888-8." target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0888-8.</a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4pych1l5f" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[7]Wiltgen, B.J., Zhou, M., Cai, Y., Balaji, J., Karlsson, M.G., Parivash, S.N., Li, W., and Silva, A.J. (2010). The hippocampus plays a selective role in the retrieval of detailed contextual memories. Curr. Biol. 20, 13361344. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.068" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.068</a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4pych1m3r" style="font-size: 13px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[8]Chanales, A.J.H., Oza, A., Favila, S.E., and Kuhl, B.A. (2017). Overlap among spatial memories triggers repulsion of hippocampal representations. Curr. Biol. 27, 2307–2317.e5. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017." target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.</a> 06.057.</span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1em;"><span mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1a44" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mow4pych1ke1"><span leaf="">[9]Berens, S.C., Richards, B.A., and Horner, A.J. (2020). Dissociating memory accessibility and precision in forgetting. Nat. Hum. Behav. 4, 866–877. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0888-8." target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0888-8.</a></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1ddl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">作者：贾梓杏 中山大学物理与天文学院CIBR吉妮实验室实习生</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxa1dt8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">审核：张江 北京师范大学系统科学学院教授</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxaqyg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">出品：中国科协科普部</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mow4gnxaguz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">监制：中国科学技术出版社有限公司、北京中科星河文化传媒有限公司</span></span></p></blockquote><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="484" data-imgfileid="100247266" data-ratio="0.6487935656836461" style="width: 185px;height: 120px;" data-type="png" data-w="746" data-width="746" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4d7de1b4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSVwiaGHib6icb1hfwFBseh8xrL5oA5GE1F6mK7IWYpZo52TWBO7EqicoeJcXIUvAnnVdCJbYV9xAGzV6LMk6pocicXC0UYBQPicnwnI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><div style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 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data-src=""/></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);outline: 0px;"><span mpa-font-style="mol2pgfg24ox" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="4 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><u></u></span></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 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0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">3. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723728&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=25bae247ab888a2b842139c89b86c181&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="AI 也会“自我反思”？Claude 模型现内省迹象，大语言模型认知新突破" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">AI 也会“自我反思”？Claude 模型现内省迹象，大语言模型认知新突破</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 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Commun. 速递" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">机器人集群如何组装出有趣形状？| Nat. Commun. 速递</span></a></span></strong></strong></p><p data-pm-slice="4 5 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">5. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247726146&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b72b038479b0db48ea95d0fc3e7f88f9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者</span></a></span></strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">8. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="325" data-backw="578" data-imgfileid="100236176" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b440b63a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWIQ6jnCicOjE0871icX5jDeO9ae3mLb0rA2LAmicBSjrMobialpbJDUgK1SOicMukof4WnRb9rvXqc4IhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p><p style="text-align: right;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp6hd2j71l5" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp6hd2jp21u9" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><a class="wx_topic_link" topic-id="mp6hcznj-lir9n9" style="color: #576B95 !important;" data-topic="1" data-recommend="">#原创</a></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: 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      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>自然语言驱动数学建模技术丨Vibe Modeling读书会第一期</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731466&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=6287474f6e6c2fbec1deaac174e16322</link>
      <description>2026年5月17日（周日）下午14:00-16:00分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-15 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=eb9eef34&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQmvyadlj3DjpdVJyvvfZIPbgrTNU5VFR6FC7Yakcy8LUECOnwxibgg9kxAdHOX7xUl3MTXTC50RF2T4vYItcfff1FVdJen1YeE%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>2026年5月17日（周日）下午14:00-16:00分享</p>
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661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">立足AI赋能数学建模的创新趋势，推动技术探索与学术交流深度融合。本期</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">读书会为Vibe Modeling读书会第一期，同济大学数学科学学院长聘副教授陈小杨将围绕Vibe Modeling 自然语言驱动数学建模技术展开，系统介绍其技术框架、全流程自动化能力、自进化 AI 智能体设计与实战应用，清晰呈现从自然语言需求到数学模型、可执行代码的一站式落地路径，展示技术核心价值与未来方向。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">集智俱乐部联合同济大学长聘副教授陈小杨和北京林业大学副教授李周园共同发起<a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247730358&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=a53ccfe55784496c1f82eb73a03ffe84&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「Vibe Modeling」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「Vibe Modeling」读书会</a>，本读书会旨在跨越硬科技与社会科学两大板块，系统梳理vibe modeling的技术现状、应用潜力与开放问题，通过集体实践形成可复用的提示策略及评估方法，为这一新范式奠定早期社区基础，助力推动其在各领域的规范化应用与人才培养落地。</span></span></strong></p><p class="channels_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf=""><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_live_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-headimgurl="https://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/PdibpV1sFDHdC5AR6SqCNbOfwAEdPtWSb2Y5v1iaq3YTCocFBPFM1xzQ/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder" data-nickname="集智俱乐部" data-desc="将在05月17日 14:00 直播" data-type="live" data-intro="Vibe Modeling读书会第1期" data-noticeid="finderlivenotice-v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder-1778735108939265-1262789466" data-status="0"></mp-common-videosnap></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="1.7777777777777777" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width:100%;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="1028" data-imgfileid="100247817" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=335b52d4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR3SuEXFKh7GLCanR2XxBicFZ6Sy8iaQ98kwYjicOt7b7kB4OiaEGiczY5r6L4OlyOVOxibIDcXI5nNXZrDRibDB9yjQiau8HYOSnkB850%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h3 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">报告简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1det" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本期报告聚焦</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Vibe Modeling 自然语言驱动数学建模技术框架</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，围绕 “自然语言→数学模型→可执行代码” 的全链路自动化核心，系统讲解技术定义、工作流程、智能体架构、技能体系与实战应用。报告结合易腐品供应链优化典型案例，详细阐述分层记忆、Skill 原子能力、多智能体协同及 Hermes 自进化智能体的设计理念与实现机制，清晰呈现 AI 如何自动完成意图理解、任务分解、模型构建、约束处理与代码生成，全面展示该技术在提升建模效率、降低专业门槛、实现经验沉淀与自我迭代方面的核心价值，为数学建模智能化、工程化落地提供完整思路与实践参考。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">分享大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1ziy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Vibe Modeling 核心定义与本质</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1wea" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自然语言驱动自动建模全流程</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl5a" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">供应链优化实战案例讲解</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1tna" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自进化 AI 智能体架构与记忆设计</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1gbi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">技术核心价值、应用与现存挑战</span></span></p></li></ul><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">核心概念</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1di7" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Vibe Modeling：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以自然语言描述问题，AI 自动完成数学建模、生成求解代码的全流程自动化技术。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl4to" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">AI 智能体：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">具备感知、决策、执行、记忆能力，可自主完成建模任务的系统。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl3gf" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">分层记忆：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Redis 短期记忆（实时交互）、向量库长期记忆（经验复用）、黑板架构共享记忆（多智能体协同）。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlm67" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Skill（技能）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">封装特定业务逻辑的原子能力单元，支持动态注入、自动生成与组合调用。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1lbm" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Hermes Agent：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可自我进化的养成式智能体，通过经验沉淀自动生成 Skill，越用越智能。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zljah" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">全链路自动化：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自然语言输入→数学模型→可执行代码→模型求解的一站式落地。</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">主讲人介绍</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100247805" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=93dc4047&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQiba8eyGdkm5uNvkNJgavTicm8licDBkViaiaPmTicL0tiaicrLg9fZF2BmZOYOUIIOOTKECKN0icn4qn6F4suvC6MeTbxaRBXaPerOibgM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlowk" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主讲人：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">陈小杨，同济大学数学科学学院长聘副教授，国家级青年人才获得者。主要研究方向：曲率与拓扑， AI for math。曾主持国自然基金青年，面上各一项。在Geometry &amp; Topology, Advances in Mathematics, Mathematische Annalen , Mathematische Zeitschrift 等知名期刊发表多篇学术论文，并获得2019 年世界华人数学家联盟最佳论文奖（若琳奖）。陈小杨老师还发起了人工智能与数学读书会，促进了人工智能与数学的交叉融合。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zluux" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp58uyso9mx"><span leaf="">D. Zheng etl. AI Co-Mathematician: Accelerating mathematicians with Agentic AI.  arxiv.2605.06651</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlh95" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp58uyso7t9"><span leaf="">GLM-5-team, GLM-5:From vibe colding to agentic eigineering. arxiv. 2602.15763</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">时间信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl32y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年5月17日（周日）下午14:00-16:00，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">腾讯会议线上</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">进行，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">微信视频号+集智俱乐部B站号同步直播，</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感兴趣的朋友扫码报名加入Vibe Modeling读书会后，可进入学员群进行交流。</span></span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl16qj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">直播信息</span></span></h2><p class="channels_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf=""><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_live_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-headimgurl="https://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/PdibpV1sFDHdC5AR6SqCNbOfwAEdPtWSb2Y5v1iaq3YTCocFBPFM1xzQ/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder" data-nickname="集智俱乐部" data-desc="将在05月17日 14:00 直播" data-type="live" data-intro="Vibe Modeling读书会第1期" data-noticeid="finderlivenotice-v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder-1778735108939265-1262789466" data-status="0"></mp-common-videosnap></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名读书会：「Vibe Modeling」</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl12qk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">集智俱乐部联合同济大学长聘副教授陈小杨和北京林业大学副教授李周园共同发起</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247730358&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=a53ccfe55784496c1f82eb73a03ffe84&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「Vibe Modeling」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">「Vibe Modeling」读书会</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，将在集体实践中探索 vibe modeling 在不同领域的通用模式与特殊需求，沉淀可复用的提示策略、评估方法与工作流，为这一范式搭建早期社区基础，助力 AI 赋能的跨学科研究与人才培养落地。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zloxm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">读书会自2026年5月17日起，每周日下午14:00-16:00线上开展，持续10周，包含主讲分享与讨论交流，并提供会后视频回放，诚邀相关领域研究者及跨学科兴趣者参与。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl5ep" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">扫描海报中二维码报名参加读书会</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="3.370728417266187" data-type="jpeg" data-w="4448" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="4448" data-height="14993" data-backw="562" data-backh="1894" data-imgfileid="100247814" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0ba4d50e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSicNXAHNMeLxqwLwNlkKvBT5DicOGcSNAUEETCnW5Xwsbk0ibPv7trPiasS6dQZOFgkaL68RlYxZvCyFJYaT6mCtc8sBf8Jv4MjAE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl23dt" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">报名方式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1p9c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一步：微信扫码填写报名信息。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 204px;height: 204px;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100247807" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fae18498&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQL0Eu1CyqO3dCQ6LNtQD9WqNpZicw4AwfnsRY9V182xnj4ZQ4LjHKdadLBJo1z0OGQwWKE0O8vDMfUq6ICE9ecchOQ1Z9q2Xhg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58xd78ik1" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp58xd7u1dn4" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（扫码报名）</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlsn2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二步：填写信息后，付费报名。如需用支付宝支付，请在PC端进入读书会页面报名支付：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl86z" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三步：添加运营助理微信，拉入对应主题的读书会社区（微信群）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1fyj"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">PS：为确保专业性和讨论的聚焦，本读书会谢绝脱离 Vibe Modeling 读书会主题及相关问题的交流讨论；如果出现讨论内容不符合要求、经提醒无效者，会被移除群聊并对未参与部分退费。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlcxm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">加入社区后可获得的资源</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlh1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">完整权限包括：线上问答、录播回看、资料共享、社群交流、信息同步、共创任务获取积分等。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.546875" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1280" data-height="700" data-backw="562" data-backh="307" data-imgfileid="100247809" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=91a0a0dd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTGqKZBicFBvvp6zzo8whQ4VByWd0g1nUg3vmoUFp5A88ALkHJZIHjWvMTWt4PrTQFQFKMk3R5DLplBKyKrklgfGbnZEV0jqljU%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp58n9zllq5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">特色退费与激励机制</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlp0w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们提供以下两种途径，让您的投入获得实际回馈：</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li style="white-space: pre-wrap;text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlrv8" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">任务达标退费路径</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">认领并合格完成任意两期字幕任务，即可退还全额报名费，并额外获得集智专属周边奖励。</span></span></span></p></li><li style="white-space: pre-wrap;text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zlpdj" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">运营成长激励路径</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">合格完成一个字幕任务后，可申请成为运营助理。在读书会项目顺利结项后，将退还学费。表现优异者，还有机会获得额外的奖学金。</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl1zbu"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">推荐阅读</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp58n9zl103t" style="font-size: 15px;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247727960&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=557703e12bbcc455863c275c620377ee&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="招募发起人：一场关于“Vibe Modeling”的读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">招募发起人：一场关于“Vibe Modeling”的读书会</a></span></p><p style="margin-left: 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8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: left;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">点击“阅读原文”，报名读书会</span></span></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>


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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>统计物理方法在养鸡产业中的应用：群体智能读书会 | 第十二期</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731466&amp;idx=3&amp;sn=6c7d1a7fc591c3f1354a5615da757d7e</link>
      <description>5月16日下午14:00-16:00分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-15 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">广东</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4a2fb179&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTGic7A7SXtpHhpFpkcdKItTicVevibPHhtgyv94pdPnGfMUbSZkK6xnR1gTPGVB5hEJGGzCuLkCaRaaLEelib9PYjMvH1WI0dU5KU%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>5月16日下午14:00-16:00分享</p>
  <div data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="431" data-backw="578" data-height="1104" data-imgfileid="100247668" data-ratio="0.7449392712550608" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1482" data-width="1482" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4397948b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTT9u7MKGKP3myjQlDu44YcyBbQcd6zFESn0V3LjFQaaqsWSOojZssO3rQJA0slJugx9YliciaI7UCgbXFZmXjq1VibkV6lTVB458%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">本次读书会围绕统计物理、复杂网络和生态养殖等问题展开，分享利用最小支配集（MDS）和BPD算法，寻找维持群体稳定运行的核心“骨干”，甚至将鸡群社会关系视作一种“自旋玻璃”式复杂系统，去分析个体之间的动态博弈与群体失稳问题。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">更有意思的是，读书会还讨论了“负熵”视角下的绿色养殖——生命系统并不是简单追求高产，而是在持续输入负熵的过程中维持有序状态。这种思路，也让农业、健康与群体智能之间产生了新的连接。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">从复杂系统到《黄帝内经》，从运动重塑大脑到生命秩序重建，这次分享最大的感受就是：未来很多问题，或许都需要跨学科的方式重新理解。</span></span></strong></p><p class="channels_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf=""><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_live_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-headimgurl="https://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/PdibpV1sFDHdC5AR6SqCNbOfwAEdPtWSb2Y5v1iaq3YTCocFBPFM1xzQ/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder" data-nickname="集智俱乐部" data-desc="将在05月16日 14:00 直播" data-type="live" data-intro="群体智能读书会 第12期" data-noticeid="finderlivenotice-v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder-1778667485013189-878365607" data-status="0"></mp-common-videosnap></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b3f4a5d0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dother%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="999" data-backw="562" data-height="1920" data-imgfileid="100247669" data-ratio="1.7777777777777777" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" data-width="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f2c32cf2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQJHRnrrKejQ3Xibjs0vbe0wibArCgLJaP68RvGWlkP923pz8shYYd9hj5ygicLqYic9Sx3UsgGrnbjyGszHphy2QvwzQz9PEDMdKA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></h2><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">内容简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691s98" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">围绕复杂网络的最小支配集（MDS）与连通支配集（MCDS）优化，指出MDS可被局域统计物理模型精确预测，而MCDS因“连通性”全局约束难以被局域相互作用刻画而产生显著偏差，并提出用动物群体自组织机制为突破口来弥合这一冲突。在MDS上采用自旋玻璃框架的统计物理BPD算法，并结合核渗流理论与全域掐叶算法实现对最优基态能量的高精度预言；在MCDS上引入基于鸡群观测得到的“覆盖+连通”涌现机制，构建能同时表达支配与连通双约束的改进能量模型。通过两年生态散养鸡群的系统观察提炼局部交互如何维持群体覆盖与连通，将其转化为优化策略：在局域能量函数中加入动态交互权重与群体连通性惩罚项，从而以局部可计算的形式逼近全局连通约束，并进一步用于网络MCDS求解与鸡群分布调控应用。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">分享大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69897" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容1 统计物理方法求解复杂网络支配集问题：从MDS建模到MCDS拓展</span></span></strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69gza" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容1.1 MDS基本原理：最小支配集约束条件与网络覆盖目标</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69i6y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容1.2 统计物理建模：复杂网络优化问题向物理能量函数的映射</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691b6y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容1.3 MCDS核心矛盾：连通性约束引发的求解难点与优化瓶颈</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69sf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容2 自旋玻璃理论应用于生态养鸡系统研究：从个体交互到群体稳态预测</span></span></strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691vds" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容2.1 网络结构构建：将鸡群群居行为抽象为复杂网络模型</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691j2t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容2.2 能量函数刻画：借助自旋玻璃框架量化鸡群个体交互关系</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691iwp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容2.3 配比优化预判：确定公母配比最优区间并识别应激与失稳风险</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69suo" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容3 非平衡态耗散结构理论解析鸡群生态系统：从开放系统到有序稳态</span></span></strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691kli" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容3.1 系统属性判断：生态养鸡场作为开放型耗散结构系统的基本特征</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691yh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容3.2 熵流机制分析：系统内外熵值流动规律与鸡群生长状态的关联关系</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69skp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容3.3 稳态维持路径：通过物质、能量与信息交换支撑鸡群整体有序演化</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691x3a" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容4 《黄帝内经》传统思想融入养殖科研体系：从哲学理念到系统调控</span></span></strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69fsm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容4.1 天人合一理念：自然生态养殖逻辑与环境适应思想的内在契合</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69xxs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容4.2 阴阳平衡学说：鸡群系统动态熵平衡与群体稳定调控的对应关系</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691gmj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容4.3 整体辨证思维：中医系统观与物理全域研究方法的融合路径</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp3z0u6913z1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容5 多理论融合创新与养殖实际落地应用：从统一框架到实操方案</span></span></strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69rh6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容5.1 理论框架搭建：融合统计物理、耗散结构与传统中医思想形成综合研究体系</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u692284" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容5.2 种群结构调控：构建适配山地散养模式的鸡群种群优化模型</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69mea" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内容5.3 实践方案转化：支撑高福利、标准化生态养殖模式的落地应用</span></span></p></li></ul><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">核心概念</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69490" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">最小支配集MDS Minimum Dominating Set MDS</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691d60" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">连通支配集MCDS Minimum Connected Dominating Set MCDS</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u6921f2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自旋玻璃理论 Spin Glass Theory</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69118g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">统计物理BPD算法 Belief Propagation Decimation BPD</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69k50" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">全局拓扑约束 Global Topological Constraint</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691h3y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自组织涌现 Self-organized Emergence</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691w47" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">动态交互权重 Dynamic Interaction Weights</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691lvq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">连通性惩罚项 Connectivity Penalty Term</span></span></p></li></ul><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">主讲人介绍</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100247667" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d4b6dcdf&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTeBvr9fNgE3ibSjspfkD3ibrbk90ylBjg84FuLyk71Tguiak0Z6eamy8nTicub1zT78OcU4lJAeR9KUvdbQ7WchZzO3CGMlmT6BP8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69uqy" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主讲人：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">玉素甫艾比布拉，现任新疆大学物理科学与技术学院副教授。2015年毕业于中国科学院理论物理研究所，获理论物理博士学位，同年9月入职新疆大学开展教学与科研工作。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u6922pb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">长期致力于统计物理与复杂系统领域研究，在《Journal of Statistical Mechanics》和《Journal of Statistical Physics》等统计物理权威国际期刊发表论文6篇，研究成果聚焦复杂网络优化问题（如支配集、连通支配集）的统计物理建模，熟练运用自旋玻璃理论、和渗流理论等方法开展理论推导与算法优化。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69d17" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">近年将研究视角拓展至动物群体行为领域，通过观察生态养鸡过程中的群体自组织现象，探索从中提炼复杂系统的普适性规律与物理建模思想，力求实现物理理论与实际应用的跨学科融合，为复杂系统研究及生态养殖技术优化提供创新思路。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3z0u691vas" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp3za1orz6n"><span leaf="">Zhao J-H, Habibulla Y and Zhou H-J 2015 Statistical mechanics of the minimum dominating set problem J.</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3za1or17aj" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Habibulla Y 2017 Minimal dominating set problem studied by simulated annealing and cavity method: analytics and population dynamics J. Stat. Mech. 2017 103402</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3za1or1of1" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Habibulla Y, Zhou H J. Minimum connected dominating set and backbone of a random graph[J]. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2024, 2024(6): 063402.</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3z0u69zc2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp3za1or1rcx"><span leaf="">Cavagna A, Cimarelli A, Giardina I, et al. Scale-free correlations in starling flocks[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(26): 11865-11870.</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名读书会：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">「群体智能：从自然涌现到人机共创」</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mkwbipmvv34" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">集智俱乐部联合</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">北京师范大学系统科学学院韩战钢教授</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">暨南大学计算传播研究中心赵甜芳副教授</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">新疆大学物理科学与技术学院玉素甫·艾比布拉副教授</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">等学者，共同发起本次</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247724470&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=aa364f783565fa889e6cd825106b41ac&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「群体智能」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">「群体智能」读书会</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，尝试用一条普适的线索，把自然界的鸟群蚁群、人类社会的集群行为、以及人工智能时代的多智能体与群智优化，放在同一张地图上重新理解。读书会自</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年1月</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">24</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">日</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">开始，安排在</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">每周六下午 14:00–16:00</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，欢迎所有对群体智能如何涌现、如何被理解、以及如何被设计，感兴趣的朋友一起加入：带着问题来，带着更有趣的问题去。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mkwbipmvv34" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">视频号直播预约：</span></span></span></p><p class="channels_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf=""><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_live_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-headimgurl="https://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/PdibpV1sFDHdC5AR6SqCNbOfwAEdPtWSb2Y5v1iaq3YTCocFBPFM1xzQ/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder" data-nickname="集智俱乐部" data-desc="将在05月16日 14:00 直播" data-type="live" data-intro="群体智能读书会 第12期" data-noticeid="finderlivenotice-v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder-1778667485013189-878365607" data-status="0"></mp-common-videosnap></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="2.283819628647215" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1131" style="width: 100%;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="1320" data-imgfileid="100244700" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=43c26cf5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHRqX5nic9Y316mvBolIYA1bxic0YNMjiaiaPYd1QA6CDLWwBibh25YIBYaBM3IPwmsppFsQBFXkzibO20ZvplBulCLQ0ibeiaeCA3mZXz4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mkwbipmvlmw" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">报名方式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkwbipmv1xv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一步：微信扫码填写报名信息。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 124px;height: 124px;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100242234" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7469ddda&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FwibWV1DB7tWJm593EsgoqWbRUeW4gZcCicUic23sI0smoR0MuGlicVS0fy1MNeibW7GgN6yDG7NAacAH8XmNH2DB43g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkwbpibv1flj" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mkwbpicf22qv" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（扫码报名）</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkwbipmv1pwx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二步：填写信息后，付费报名。如需用支付宝支付，请在PC端进入读书会页面报名支付：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkwbipmv1kdt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三步：添加运营助理微信，拉入对应主题的读书会社区（微信群）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mkwbipmv240c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">PS：为确保专业性和讨论的聚焦，本读书会谢绝脱离读书会主题和群体智能相关问题的空泛的哲学和思辨式讨论；如果出现讨论内容不符合要求、经提醒无效者，会被移除群聊并对未参与部分退费。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mk3kojgc5v9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">加入社区后可获得的资源</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mk3kojgc23no" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">完整权限包括：线上问答、录播回看、资料共享、社群交流、信息同步、共创任务获取积分等。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.546875" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>科学·前沿：仿态不仿形——如果不仿鸟飞、不仿鱼游，我们该仿生命的什么？｜黄嘉骏</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731379&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=84a74186e70bff23b8c4b0d5a53e46a1</link>
      <description>今日见刊！深圳清华大学团队首次在开放流体环境中的机器人集群中实现可编程自组织临界性</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>黄嘉骏</span> <span>2026-05-14 14:42</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0b4a6e58&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHShlficxTETb4GM0VX86Gc4b5nSehCKZjSn20WLgibxA1iam6JZaibuB2z4z1COb3LMcI9XiaPKstribwaFVTiaia8sWUdXONBQaEGVd34%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>今日见刊！深圳清华大学团队首次在开放流体环境中的机器人集群中实现可编程自组织临界性</p>
  <div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us"><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="385" data-backw="578" data-height="276" data-imgfileid="100247651" data-ratio="0.6669297553275454" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1267" data-width="414" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b8a81259&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRTBAtUIEhPmgxDBO2syZ7T8qicbwS6m9IbqsSdPygv6C1YRl5WNO8rwic9Ozrbcv3ul23kFQ16licAOzPyoNxuXpOMyjysMGSY90%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">长期以来，仿生机器人研究主要聚焦于模仿生命系统的结构与功能。然而，生命系统或许还有一个更深层的特征——它们始终运行在某种特殊的动力学状态之中。自组织临界性（Self-organized Criticality, SOC）正被认为是这种“生命工作态”的代表之一。那么，这种临界态能否被直接工程化实现？</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">清华大学深圳国际研究生院/深圳清华大学研究院的弥胜利、黄嘉骏团队于2026年5月13日在 Science Advances 发表的最新工作《Self-organized Criticality in Aquatic Robot Swarm》，首次在开放流体环境中的机器人集群中实现了可编程的自组织临界性。研究团队构建了一套由光感知与流体相互作用耦合驱动的水面机器人集群（Aquatic Robot Swarm, ARS），使机器人群体能够自发进入具有幂律分布、无标度关联与1/f噪声等特征的临界态，并在外部刺激下涌现出定位、聚集、推运与桥接等协同行为。这项工作不仅为SOC研究提供了开放、可扩展的实验平台，也展示了一条“仿态不仿形”的人工生命新路径。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：幂律分布，机器人集群，自组织，人工生命</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">黄嘉骏<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨作者</span></span></p><div style="text-align: right;"><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;data-mpa-powered-by&#34;:&#34;yiban.io&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: right;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">赵思怡<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨审校</span></span></p></div></div><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.23366336633663368" data-type="png" data-w="2020" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="2020" data-height="472" data-backw="578" data-backh="135" data-imgfileid="100247723" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=75135127&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHShUj9ewqrlnnzRM0gwYpXw15cvXpwRnt8EK9oM3icq49elxIgv2r2rBMFoiaPrY51YnWSYvcN9ic7ibF9mXdpibCEcOq90k3vIUGps%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="">论文题目：Self-organized Criticality in Aquatic Robot Swarm</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="">论文地址：<a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aec6153" target="_blank">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aec6153</a></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="">发表时间：2026年5月13日</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：Science Advances</span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvzj1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当我们谈论“仿生”时，首先想到的往往是对生命结构与行为的模仿：仿生相机借鉴昆虫复眼的成像方式，无人机编队模仿鸟群的协同飞行，软体机器人模仿章鱼触手的柔性运动。这类研究关注的是生命系统“如何构成”。另一条路径则更强调“能够做什么”——让神经网络完成视觉识别，让强化学习代理学习博弈策略，让大模型生成文本与内容，本质上都是在复现生命系统的信息处理与行为能力。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv5vi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但相比结构与功能，生命系统或许还有一个长期被忽视的维度：它们始终运行在某种特殊的动力学状态之中。越来越多研究发现，无论是神经元群体活动、群体行为，还是生态系统演化，许多生命系统都表现出接近临界态（critical state）的动力学特征。</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自组织临界性（Self-organized Criticality, SOC）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">正是描述这类现象的重要理论框架。在这种状态下，系统既不会陷入完全静止的有序，也不会滑向完全随机的混乱，而是维持在两者之间的临界区域，从而同时具备稳定性与敏感性。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1xxf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">于是，一个更进一步的问题出现了：如果我们不再执着于模仿生命的具体结构或单一功能，而是尝试直接构建一种能够维持“临界态”的人工系统，会发生什么？某些原本需要复杂控制与精细规划才能实现的群体协同行为，是否可能从这种动力学状态中自然涌现？</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">自组织临界态（SOC）：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">生命系统常展现出的一种动力学特征</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvnnt" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是一类在自然界中广泛观察到的动力学现象（1–6）。1987年，Per Bak、Chao Tang和Kurt Wiesenfeld提出了一类可能具有普适性的动力学机制——SOC理论：许多开放耗散的复杂系统，在能量与信息的持续交换中，无需外部精细调节参数，仅通过内部的局部相互作用与能量耗散，就能自发演化到临界状态，并表现出幂律分布、无标度性和</span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1/f </span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">噪声等“指纹”。（7-9）。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvbe1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这就像是沙堆模型：当沙粒不断落下，沙堆的坡度会自动维持在临界角度。此时，添加一粒沙子可能毫无动静，也可能引发一场涉及整个沙堆的崩塌（雪崩）。统计这些雪崩会发现，大小雪崩的频率遵循幂律——小崩塌频繁，大崩塌罕见，但没有特征尺度告诉你“最大的崩塌应该是多大”。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvnlk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这种特征被认为与生命活动息息相关/越来越多研究发现，生命系统中的许多群体动力学过程也表现出接近临界态的特征。神经网络呈现幂律分布的神经元活动簇尺寸，以最大化信息容量（10–13）；鸟群在飞行中保持无标度关联，以平衡秩序与灵活性（14–16）。临界态赋予了系统全局敏感性与局部鲁棒性的奇特组合。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1ywk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然而，在人工系统中物理实现</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">面临双重挑战：一类系统（如超冷原子气体）虽然能够观察到</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，但环境相对孤立，无法与外部进行能量/信息交换（17,18）；另一类系统（如磁驱微机器人群）则高度依赖外部全局场驱动，个体自主性较弱（19–21），难以研究内禀的自组织动力学。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvtkb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">水面机器人集群（Aquatic Robot Swarm，ARS）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统的突破，正在于它构建了一个开放、自主、物理耦合的仿生平台。通过可编程参数定量探索临界相变机制，弥合传统理论模型与真实系统之间的鸿沟。它为复杂科学的研究与建模提供了可扩展的实验工具。而在机器人学领域，这一仿生设计揭示了群体智能物理实现的一条路径：通过局部交互规则（趋光性与机械反馈）的耦合，去涌现全局协调行为。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">水波与光：构建反馈的辩证法</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1u5p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这个机器人系统所呈现的“临界性”，究竟是通过怎样的物理交互机制被构建出来的？</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvbho" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">每个机器人（约80cm³）都配备了三片振动TPU薄膜，通过振动产生水波反作用力推进。更重要的是，它们通过可见光进行“隐式通讯”：机器人向周围环境发射LED光信号，并通过光敏电阻感知同伴的光强分布，从而产生趋光性（phototaxis）（图1）。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1jry" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这里形成了一个精妙的非线性反馈回路：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv11kr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">正反馈（长程吸引）：趋光性使机器人相互靠近，LED光线叠加形成更强的光场梯度，吸引更多个体；</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvwo3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">负反馈（短程排斥）：振动产生的水波对邻近个体（约6cm内）产生物理排斥，防止无限聚集。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv8uz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">光场（长程）与水波场（短程）的耦合，构成了</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">所需的“雪崩”机制：局部的微扰可以通过光-水波的传导媒介传递至全局，而无需任何中央控制器或显式通信协议。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4256505576208178" data-type="png" data-w="1076" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="397" data-height="169" data-backw="562" data-backh="239" data-imgfileid="100247649" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1043f527&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTAzqib2PGOyBoRBfB9l6gWudQt5Rzwa8y6OzXK2zMSrBCo9auRtVicRZvEyh7gbicLJbial2IcThKULRk76rm4xuRSYKiaNJ3iaWC0o%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvvim"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fukmgkww" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp3fukmu21lp" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1.ARS的设计。(A)每台机器人均配备有3个振动电机，这些电机与直径为3厘米的TPU薄膜相连，以便在水面上实现运动。机器人通过3个光敏电阻来探测光源的方向。机器人通过控制LED的亮度来与其他机器人进行信息交流。(B)TPU薄膜用边缘和O型圈固定在机器人本体上，以确保密封性。(C)机器人3次重复实验的MSD。(D)光源方位角w是由通过三个光电阻器获取的光强度值计算得出的，而光趋化效应则通过调整振动电机的驱动电压来实现。(E)多个机器人同时执行光趋化行为并展现出集体行为特征，它们会聚集在一起并形成大小不一的亚集群。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">相关簇：如何量化“临界”</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv164g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在给定上述光–水波耦合的局部交互机制之后，仍然需要回答一个更关键的问题：系统是否真正进入了自组织临界态。为此，我们需要从群体动力学中提取能够刻画“雪崩行为”的可观测量，并对其进行统计验证。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvry5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">首先，需要定义“雪崩”是什么。本研究提出了“相关簇”（Correlated Cluster）的概念：在任意时刻，空间邻近（距离≤11cm）且速度对齐（夹角≤60°）的个体，通过传递性构成动态集群（图2）。这一定义捕捉的是动态的、功能性的群体结构，而非静态的几何邻近。研究团队将 64 个机器人均匀放置于水面，同时启动，捕捉实验图像，并通过图像处理获得机器人的位置变化。图 2B 展示了机器人群体中关联簇的典型构成。系统中形成的关联簇尺寸存在显著涨落，最小与最大关联簇相差约一个数量级。由于个体间的影响是具有传递性的长程作用，且个体间的反馈作用方向并不均匀，因此群体中相邻个体可能不属于同一关联簇，而两个不相邻的个体可能属于同一关联簇。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvgk3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">图 2C-F 的实验结果证实了ARS的临界态特征。关联簇的尺寸分布服从幂律分布 </span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;9ad1c752-9084-42cb-a462-0928c6ba0719&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;D(S) ~ S^{(-τ)}\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="mp3fv2fe1nmf" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">D(S) ~ S</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fv2f3k9z"><span leaf="">(-τ)</span></sup></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，标度指数 </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">τ</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=1.68，与神经元的雪崩（</span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">τ</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">≈1.5）、森林火灾（</span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">τ</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">≈1.4）处于同一普适类。持续时间的分布也服从幂律，</span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">α</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=1.54，且尺寸与持续时间满足幂律关系，</span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">γ</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=0.74。功率谱分析进一步揭示 1/</span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">f </span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">噪声（</span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">β</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=1.26），这是临界系统的“动力学指纹”。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8524124881740776" data-type="png" data-w="1057" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="403" data-height="344" data-backw="562" data-backh="479" data-imgfileid="100247648" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=01af50bf&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRLAeOZiatcfFPld52y7NPtAUdqo8mdA7LP5ibJUHia8d6jOjjj48lEXAjjfWj3cu8ZjD0Unv7DqWicjeK3OjboHYB9JhVyEtdn1Ko%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvs1a" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp3fvbjbtyk" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fvbitlzh"><span leaf="">图2.ARS相关簇。 (A)展示了一个由4个机器人组成的集群的相关簇情况，其中相关程度由欧几里得距离和机器人之间的速度角度来确定。(速度向量以及由此得出的角度值均根据连续视频帧间位置数据的变化计算得出时间差为</span></span></span><span mpa-font-style="mp3fvbit247v" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Δt </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">= 5帧(约3秒)，即i </span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">=Δr/Δt</span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">。)此示意图包含两个大小分别为3和1的相关簇。箭头表示机器人速度的方向，以红色圆点连接的个体直接相关，而由黑色虚线框围住的个体则属于同一相关集群。机器人的颜色与背景颜色与相应集群的大小相对应。(B)稳定系统中关联集群的典型构成情况，规模设定为N=64。颜色表示机器人个体所属关联集群的大小。箭头用于指示机器人速度的方向。(C)实验期间不同规模关联集群在不同时间点的出现次数。曲线下方区域的颜色对应相应集群的大小。 (D)相关簇大小对应的经验概率密度分布图以及(E)相关簇群的持续时间分布图，其中红色虚线为拟合曲线。</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">p</span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">值表示幂律分布的拟合优度，</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">p&gt;0.1</span></span></em></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fvbit22ke"><span leaf="">表明拟合效果可信(参见材料及方法部分(F)不同规模相关簇群的平均持续时间分布图，其中红色虚线表示拟合曲线。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">普适性：不受系统尺度变化影响</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv16hw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在前述实验中，研究团队已经通过相关簇的统计特性验证了ARS系统在特定规模下呈现出典型的自组织临界行为。然而，一个更深层的问题在于：这种临界特征是否依赖于系统规模，还是在不同尺度下具有普适性。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1enc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为验证这一点，团队进一步构建了格点仿真模型（图3），系统性考察不同规模下群体动力学的统计行为。当系统规模从100扩展到10,000个体（100倍差异），幂律特性依然保持，标度指数稳定（图 3B 与 3C），且关联簇尺寸与持续时间之间也存在幂律关系（图 3D）。这种一致性突显了 SOC 在ARS系统中跨实现尺度的鲁棒性。尽管尺度相差 100 倍，我们观察到系统的幂律规律依然存在，且标度指数基本固定（τ、α 与 γ 的标准差分别为 0.0033、0.0015 与 0.00048）。这一结果表明，机器人群体系统的 SOC 特征不受系统尺度变化的影响，展现了有限尺寸标度的普适性，这也是 </span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 系统的特征之一。该结果源于系统的自相似结构，即子簇内部个体间的相互作用模式与整体群体动力学相似。这意味着一个双个体小组和一个大到几十个个体的集团，遵循同样的组织逻辑，就像地震无论大小都服从同样的统计规律一样。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8391111111111111" data-type="png" data-w="1125" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="408" data-height="342" data-imgfileid="100247647" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0ef5244e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ2Jw88F9PBakUMHUJepXkOxwABa7aml2nADuR6sXyBOUFfFvOCicL1X94GosMmmpnYACmib5pn79nCvCYEJmIkqbZAQnwCGxq1U%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvtyt"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fvt541nkv" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp3fvt5g1gmk" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图3.不同规模模拟中相关簇的统计结果。(A)一个规模为1000的模拟晶格，其中左图中的颜色表示晶格收集到信息的强度，右侧展示了部分相关簇的构成情况。颜色表示机器人个体所属的相关簇的规模。箭头用于指示机器人的速度方向。(B) 相关簇大小的经验概率密度分布图;(C)不同规模模拟中相关簇持续时间的分布情况，红色虚线表示N=1000时模拟数据的拟合曲线。在不同规模模拟中，不同规模相关集群的平均持续时间，其中红色虚线表示N=1000时模拟数据的拟合曲线。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">自组织稳态：临界即吸引子</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv49k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">传统相变（如铁磁相变）需要精细调节温度至临界温度。但</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统的独特之处在于：临界态就是系统的稳态，无论初始条件如何，系统都会自发演化至此。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv17a" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">团队通过香农熵量化了这一点。实验发现，当发光强度和密度超过阈值，系统熵值迅速收敛至固定值（约3.5 bits），与具体参数无关。即使将亮度提高四倍，系统依然回到同一个临界吸引子（图4）。这与需要精确调控的传统相变形成鲜明对比——在</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ARS</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">中，“临界”不是脆弱的平衡点，而是强大的吸引子。</span></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.85973207249803" data-type="png" data-w="1269" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="415" data-height="357" data-imgfileid="100247650" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ecf39d3e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSGPdibHUKYvHEGH4xDTsRMLsc8PJ8oZupRicsibM9ty9yy8GztRKEpKnuKu5iaR1YV3QStyK4PuiaiayVAXIbBvKT6qQgZaNvKVsAia8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1zh1" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp3fwfb5sl2" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fwfa8z6r"><span leaf="">图4.不同系统参数下实验与模拟中的香农熵与相关集群分布情况。(A)增加机器人亮度和群体密度的物理实验与基于晶格的模拟结果。(B)来自物理实验和模拟得出的相关集群分布情况。虚线表示对指数的最大似然估计。(C)N=500个代理的模拟中相关集群香农熵的时间演变过程，计算范围覆盖500个帧。每条曲线均为3次独立运行的平均结果。当光强度</span></span></span><span mpa-font-style="mp3fwfa8107" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">I </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">&lt; 4 cd时，香农熵会上升至明显的稳态值，且随着</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">I</span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">的增大而逐渐升高。对于</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">I </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">≥ 4 cd的情况，系统熵趋于稳定在接近3.57bits这一固定值附近。(D)不同光强度下关联集群分布情况。对于</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">I </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">&lt; 4 cd的情况，曲线与幂律分布模式有所偏离。而当</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">I </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">≥ 4 cd时，分布趋势与幂律分布相吻合，其中红色虚线表示</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">I </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">= 6 cd情况的拟合曲线。(E)随机器人密度(N=500个体、500个帧)变化时的香农熵演变情况。每条曲线均为3次独立运行的平均值。对于密度</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">ρ </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">&lt; 3.99机器人/平方米的情况，熵呈现出对数增长，随后稳定在特定的稳态值上。当</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">ρ</span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">大于3.99机器人/平方米时，熵会收敛到一个固定的值3.44 bits(F)不同密度下的关联集群分布情况。对于</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">ρ </span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">&lt; 3.99的机器人/平方米时，曲线与幂律分布模式有所偏离。当</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">ρ</span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">为3.99的机器人/平方米时，分布趋势遵循幂律规律，其中红色虚线表示</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">ρ </span></span></em></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fwfa81dq8"><span leaf="">= 10.20机器人/平方米时的拟合曲线。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">从临界到功能：涌现的适应性</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1a1y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如果临界态只是静态的统计特征，那它不过是物理奇观。</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ARS</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的真正威力在于：处于临界态的系统，天然具备对外部刺激的适应性响应。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv5b3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究团队设计了一个被动刺激源：一个只发射红外信号、自身不移动的小物体。每个机器人通过红外接收器感知信号强度，并实时调节自身LED亮度：红外越强，发光越亮。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv129o" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">神奇的事情发生了：当刺激源放置在实验场中时，机器人通过趋光性向刺激源聚集。由于距离刺激源近的机器人收到的红外信号强，发光更亮，它们形成了一个亮度梯度，指向刺激源方向。即使单个机器人无法感知红外方向，集群作为一个整体，通过局部光强差异，自发产生了“方向感”和“推物行为”（图5）。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1iy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在这个实验中，虽然这种红外-光强的信号转换确实形成了梯度势能，然而设计者并没有把“向红外刺激源游动”的命令和定位功能设计进机器人系统中。事实上机器人成员在设计蓝图中只会向最靠近红外刺激源的最光亮的点（也许是最靠近刺激源的那个机器人）移动，它们并不具有克服这个点到刺激源之间的距离实行“捕获”的行为设计逻辑。然而最终</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ARS</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">达成“捕捉”到刺激源的方式是因为通过内部势能产生碰撞和摩擦，相互推搡向刺激源进发，产生出目的导向的行为。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvlyl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这种由外加场驱动的机器人集群的复杂运动，仅仅通过开放环境的复杂交互以及动力学耦合，让物理世界替机器人完成了算法设计，实现了标量的感知产生矢量的导航。机器人们既是边界约束的生产者，又是边界约束的响应者。系统通过自身运作，持续重构自己存在的物理条件。而每次行为和结构的重构都是对“更优位置”的物理试探，这是一种非常类似生物的行为。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvb14" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">基于这个实验，研究还展示了</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ARS</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">桥接结构：当两个刺激源固定在场地中（相距40cm），32个机器人首先在各自刺激源周围形成集群，随后之间自发形成一条稳定的“桥”结构。这不是预编程的队形，而是临界态系统在双势阱中的自组织解。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvj0c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">更关键的是，这些功能性行为没有破坏系统的临界性。即使引入多个刺激源，关联簇的尺寸、持续时间分布依然保持幂律（τ≈1.66，α≈1.65），表明系统在响应外部任务的同时，维持了内在的临界动力学。这正是生物系统的特征：无论大脑在处理信息时，还是鱼群在转向时，都仍处于临界态。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1152416356877324" data-type="png" data-w="1076" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="415" data-height="463" data-backw="562" data-backh="627" data-imgfileid="100247652" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6becff52&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTcj6LPFGTQWo6H3gdNjBx5ILjSRoAA3GA9FmPkD9csT4SgUYZkDcrCjH7WJErktoiciakBB49vDElxMwhblS0tlVHB1ytpTl1IQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvacg" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp3fx7zrko6" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fx7z410ut"><span leaf="">图5. 受刺激源扰动下的ARS系统。(A)通过3D打印技术制造的物理刺激源，集成了红外发射阵列、电池和电压调节器，以提供稳定的外部红外信号。 (B)ARS向刺激源移动，红色箭头表示个体速度的方向。(C)包含八个机器人和一台刺激源的实验装置。(D)典型实验场景，有两只刺激源和N=64台机器人，初始时随机分布。绿色线条显示刺激物在超过600秒内的轨迹。(E)对应于(D)的机器人密度图，其中颜色表示通过高斯核密度估计法计算出的单位面积上的概率密度。(F)刺激源在推挤过程中的速度变化。(G)相关簇大小所对应的经验概率密度分布图，以及(H)在不同刺激源数量下的实验中相关集群的持续时间;红色虚线表示适用于</span></span></span><span mpa-font-style="mp3fx7z41huj" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">N</span></span></em></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">sti=3所获得数据的拟合曲线。每种条件下的数据均取自3项独立试验，总计包含超过18,000个视频帧。(I)在不同刺激源数量条件下进行的实验中，不同规模的相关集群的平均持续时间，用红色虚线表示的是拟合结果用于</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">N</span></span></em></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp3fx7z4of9"><span leaf="">sti=3条件下所获取数据的曲线。(J)当四个固定刺激源位于一个场地边缘时，32个机器人会自发地聚集向这些刺激源靠近;红线标出群体质心的轨迹。(K)当有两个固定刺激源(相距40厘米)时，32台机器人首先围绕它们形成局部集群，随后逐渐连接成稳定的“桥”状结构。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">结语：状态仿生的未来</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1rcj" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC </span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的迷人之处在于其看似悖论的本质：系统在稳定与不稳定之间的边缘动态平衡，在维持秩序的同时孕育多样性。在本研究中，通过构建光场与流体动力场耦合的反馈机制，成功地在人工机器人群体系统中实现了 </span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC </span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的核心特征。实验与模拟均表明，该系统不仅表现出幂律分布的级联行为，还展现了有限尺寸标度的普适性以及独立于初始条件的稳态演化。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1nx8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与传统 </span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 模型（如沙堆模型）依赖短程相互作用不同，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ARS</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统通过长程非线性反馈（光学吸引与流体动力排斥）模拟了自然界中广泛存在的临界动力学。这为在可控物理平台上研究复杂系统中的临界现象提供了一个框架。系统在扰动下的鲁棒性及其物体运输行为，不仅为 </span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">SOC</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 理论提供了物理验证，还暗示了临界系统更深层的共性：通过局部非线性相互作用，系统无需全局控制即可实现功能涌现。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdv1szb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">未来，这种“状态仿生”的范式可以扩展到三维水下集群或空中无人机群。想象一下，一群救灾无人机无需预设队形，只需维持自身的临界态，就能在未知环境中自适应地形成通信网络、运输通道或探测阵型——然而那不是提前被编程的智能，而是从环境交互中涌现出来的“见招拆招”。当我们不再执着于让机器人“看起来像鱼”或“飞得像鸟”，而是让它们“处于像生命一样的工作态”时，适应、智能等特质，就有可能作为状态的自然涌现，从简单的物理交互中生长出来。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3fprdvabu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在论文严谨的工作结论之外，如果我们允许想象再往前跨一步，这项工作或许还暗示着一个更激进的命题：智能可能从来不是被封存在颅骨内的计算产物，而是身体与世界持续耦合、共同涌现的动态属性。</span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></p></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;width: 661px;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: 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255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans 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sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px -15px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">群体智能读书会</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">如果你对这些反直觉但极有用的现象感兴趣——从蚁群搭桥、鱼群同步、到无人机集群表演、集群机器人协作、群智优化与多智能体系统、网络舆论建模研究等——欢迎加入「群体智能」读书会：我们用动物—人类—机器三条线，希望把群体智能的涌现这件事讲清楚、讲透彻；用物理学、数理逻辑、多主体建模、计算传播等多学科视角，去追问同一个核心：集群何以比个体更聪明？群体智能又在何时涌现？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">集智俱乐部联合北京师范大学系统科学学院韩战钢教授、暨南大学计算传播研究中心赵甜芳副教授、新疆大学物理科学与技术学院玉素甫·艾比布拉副教授等来自11所高校的学者，共同发起本次</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247724470&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=aa364f783565fa889e6cd825106b41ac&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「群体智能」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">「群体智能」读书会</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">，尝试用一条普适的线索，把自然界的鸟群蚁群、人类社会的集群行为、以及人工智能时代的多智能体与群智优化，放在同一张地图上重新理解。读书会自2026年1月17日开始，安排在每周六下午 14:00–16:00，欢迎所有对群体智能如何涌现、如何被理解、以及如何被设计，感兴趣的朋友一起加入：带着问题来，带着更有趣的问题去。</span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-pm-slice="6 10 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 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[&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><p style="display: inline-block;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="2.2842592592592594" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width:100%;" data-backw="562" data-backh="1284" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6efa6cf4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSCfdhKTJYzraLwrDNmGS4iblRY4IG0P1aliaq9UH7uc225AwxxJbkI7v7zaT7AprBlUxj97SIvyiaDK0ZfbUltaYv5uVro5iaHSCI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" data-pm-slice="4 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" 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0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">7. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="325" data-imgfileid="100236176" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b440b63a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWIQ6jnCicOjE0871icX5jDeO9ae3mLb0rA2LAmicBSjrMobialpbJDUgK1SOicMukof4WnRb9rvXqc4IhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp4wkctn15un" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp4wkcvo5m7" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><a class="wx_topic_link" topic-id="mp4wk7cu-wox2lk" style="color: #576B95 !important;" data-topic="1" data-recommend="">#原创</a></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 14:42:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>自然·通讯：时间异质性如何重塑复杂网络扩散｜复旦大学纪鹏团队</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731314&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ae5d6b4aac6fdfb49d3e8b2a4cb9a348</link>
      <description>复杂网络中扩散问题的非马尔可夫理论新框架</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>罗成</span> <span>2026-05-13 14:41</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=86c9afcb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTFkJ36uEUXSbPu11nN836I9g9ozfS7B3YOrmdGNyXMeXENbabpDpJfSaNQSBV8prfibX3OIpgBwUumJUSzlO5RYgMQamShe7GE%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>复杂网络中扩散问题的非马尔可夫理论新框架</p>
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transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">2026年4月23日，复旦大学纪鹏团队联合牛津大学合作者，在Nature Communications上发表题为《Temporal heterogeneity shapes diffusion dynamics in complex networks》的研究成果。该研究围绕复杂网络中的非马尔可夫扩散问题，提出了统一的理论分析框架，将不同节点各异的等待时间分布纳入扩散更新过程建模，突破了传统无记忆扩散模型的局限。研究表明，真实系统中的扩散不仅取决于“谁与谁相连”，更取决于“谁在什么时候发生作用”。这一工作将节点层面的时间统计特征与网络整体的拓扑性质有机结合，为理解复杂系统中的传播、弛豫和混合行为提供了新的理论基础。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：复杂网络、非马尔可夫扩散、时间异质性、扩散动力学、连续时间随机游走（CTRW）</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">罗成<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨作者</span></span></p><div style="text-align: right;"><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;data-mpa-powered-by&#34;:&#34;yiban.io&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: right;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">赵思怡<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨审校</span></span></p><p><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="269" data-backw="578" data-height="726" data-imgfileid="100247423" data-ratio="0.4647887323943662" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1562" data-width="1562" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72577f1f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSEEJRxvBiaasxrWG1t5lvt8P8auCozYicBiaFV735U0ehAQf5jSeZ6teugJ9Rj0zNoBODfxKoebsbaAFe7xowrM8gyN2RDsY5rG8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p></div></div><blockquote><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mocpd4gp40y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文题目：Temporal heterogeneity shapes diffusion dynamics in complex networks</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71blw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文链接：<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-72161-w" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-72161-w</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71g14" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">发表时间：2026年5月</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7oa9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文来源：nature communications</span></span></p></blockquote><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71zsh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂系统中的扩散，既是空间问题，也是时间问题。除了“谁与谁相连”，还需弄清“谁在什么时候发生作用”——唯有如此，我们对扩散动力学的理解才能更贴近真实世界。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">现实挑战：马尔可夫假设为何不够用？</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71294" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在现实世界中，扩散无处不在：信息在社交网络中传播，疾病在人群中蔓延，病理蛋白在脑网络中扩展，电力扰动在电网中逐级传递。这些看似迥异的过程，背后都涉及同一个基本问题——某种状态或信号如何沿着网络连接不断扩散，并最终塑造系统的整体行为。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71pf8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">长期以来，马尔可夫模型是描述这类过程的常用工具，其默认系统“没有记忆”：下一步演化只取决于当前状态，与历史无关。在此假设下，扩散过程简化为图上的随机游走，成为网络扩散研究的经典起点。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71sy7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然而，真实世界并不总是满足这种理想化前提。越来越多的证据表明，人类活动、神经元放电、疾病传播和交通流动中，事件之间的时间间隔往往呈现突发性、长尾性和显著的个体差异。换言之，系统不仅“在哪里传播”至关重要，“在什么时候传播”同样关键。传统无记忆模型难以反映真实世界中广泛存在的非泊松时间特征，更无法回答一个更深层的问题：当不同节点拥有不同的时间节律时，这些局部差异会如何改变整个网络的全局扩散速度和长期演化规律？ 这正是本研究聚焦的核心问题。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">理论突破：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">统一框架将时间异质性纳入网络扩散分析</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71krv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究团队以连续时间随机游走为基础，构建了适用于复杂网络非马尔可夫扩散的理论框架。在该框架下，随机游走者从一个节点跳转到相邻节点的过程，不再默认服从统一的指数等待时间，而是允许每个节点拥有各自独立的等待时间分布。扩散动力学因此同时受两类因素支配：网络的拓扑结构，以及节点的局部时间特征。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7h8i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">进一步在拉普拉斯域中建立了解析表达，将等待时间的统计量与网络谱性质联系起来，进而分析系统的弛豫时间、混合行为以及对局部时间扰动的敏感性。这意味着，该研究不仅定性地指出“时间异质性会影响扩散”，更将其转化为可分析、可计算的理论指标。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4495192307692308" data-type="png" data-w="832" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="832" data-height="374" data-backw="562" data-backh="253" data-imgfileid="100247425" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d63542b9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ7CFRTznfPTiaCPzJTbgcqd0BibpdN3pnWpdX9eSk4pCupasvic3Gj5TBzrwYOU1OcSCQOQFnicK30jfRMWPDUMyzoNPhJ6ibYzFXY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71ud0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0glzqg1ntb" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0glztv131b" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">图1：三节点网络中的随机游走动力学示意图</span></span></strong></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">关键发现：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">单个节点的时间扰动即可改变全局扩散</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7kf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究揭示了一个重要现象：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">即使只改变单个节点的等待时间分布，也可能显著加速或减缓整个网络的集体扩散。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7hv1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从简单三节点线性网络出发，作者发现：当某节点的平均等待时间变长时，该节点容易成为概率质量滞留的区域，从而拖慢系统向稳态收敛；反之，若其等待时间变短，则该节点更像一个快速中转站，能够加快全局混合。在更一般的Gamma分布等待时间设定下，研究给出了混合时间变化方向的近似判据，指出这种加速或减速不仅取决于被改变的是哪个节点，还与网络谱隙以及等待时间分布的均值、方差和尾部特征密切相关。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7yov" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">基于这些结果，作者提出了节点 “动力学中心性” 的刻画方式，为识别复杂系统中的关键节点和功能瓶颈提供了新的理论工具。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2980769230769231" data-type="png" data-w="832" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="832" data-height="248" data-backw="562" data-backh="168" data-imgfileid="100247422" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d6179eb5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRmJReC3X4FP0AuiaL1oRfpsXtwCc0dx0HJxgsdzE8uecSa215Aos4lTTDF0YmEVzdNLrrHFUpIA8ZpVE7k8CrjTJkypiaLyA7Ac%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;text-align: center;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr75tm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0gmhvg1b2b" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0gmhvv1woh" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">图2：网络结构与节点时间参数共同决定扩散速度的变化方向</span></span></strong></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">数值验证：理论预测与模拟结果高度一致</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7g25" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究团队在Erdős–Rényi随机网络，Barabási–Albert无标度等多种随机网络模型上开展了数值实验，验证了该理论推导模型能较好地预测当单个节点等待时间被扰动后系统混合时间的变化趋势。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71f78" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对于大规模复杂网络而言，如果完全依赖数值模拟逐一评估节点时间扰动对全局动力学的影响，计算成本往往极高。而本研究提出的方法，为参数敏感性分析和关键节点识别提供了一条更高效的路径。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.27884615384615385" data-type="png" data-w="832" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="832" data-height="232" data-backw="562" data-backh="157" data-imgfileid="100247424" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0bef5a58&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRZkIj4nzdV7vMmxDkeOzerWicgySIxNbV1JciaNztWHcuPC4tWUV8C0ItzRwnOZ8RH3cmC36ouo9PN11jLXibvPVaUqjibuyJkl7E%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71vh8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0gmxzh1p11" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0gmy061yqd" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">图3：节点度分布可近似刻画系统的动力学边界</span></span></strong></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">应用验证：小鼠脑网络病理传播拟合提升15%</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7221n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在理论研究之外，团队还将该框架应用于一个具有明确生物医学意义的问题——小鼠脑网络中α-突触核蛋白的病理传播。已有研究表明，α-突触核蛋白在脑区之间的扩散与神经退行性疾病的发展密切相关，传统模型通常采用指数等待时间假设来描述这一过程。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr723v2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为检验非马尔可夫模型是否能更贴近真实数据，作者构建并比较了多种传播模型。结果显示，允许等待时间服从Gamma分布的模型，在不同注射后时间点和不同年龄组中都表现出更高的数据拟合一致性，与实验观测的Pearson相关系数均大于0.79，整体拟合效果较基线指数模型提升约15%。这一结果表明，在神经退行性疾病相关的病理传播中，时间异质性并非可以忽略的细节，而很可能是影响传播路径和速度的重要因素。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.27403846153846156" data-type="png" data-w="832" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="832" data-height="228" data-imgfileid="100247427" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=079c5619&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSD22hVbdbhqQeAwRntOOucNx1TibNLGJjjnOxbJ4X2Bxn49NkKWy9KgicSx4gOaCusqljqXvicYxmWnUtJso6PvSOVOXEcVm96qg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;text-align: center;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71i6d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0gn7lbct7" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp0gn7lu1sz7" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">图4：非马尔可夫扩散模型在病理传播数据拟合中优于指数等待时间模型</span></span></strong></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">研究意义：扩散是“结构”与“时间”的共同产物</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr724ko" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从更广泛的视角看，这项研究的价值体现在方法论层面的推进。传统扩散理论更关注网络结构，而这项工作明确指出：复杂系统中的扩散本质上是“结构”和“时间”共同作用的结果。</span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7fto" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">谁与谁相连，决定了传播可能沿哪些路径发生；</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr7dlu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">谁在什么时候发生作用，决定了这些路径何时被激活、传播如何加速或延迟，以及系统以怎样的速度趋于稳态。</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71fay" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">该研究为复杂网络中的非马尔可夫扩散提供了统一、可解析、可推广的理论基础，也为理解脑网络病理传播、社会信息传播、交通流动以及基础设施系统中的级联过程提供了新的理论视角。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71by8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">作者简介：</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1920" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100247429" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=194dadf7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTfFeX9NXTAMMt7eJ5VL6ZLpT68XsNYibRLDjRv0Rics8HnvRUDoRbdj2lCEZkcbFoRROvMMiaTdZibicgdwWvB7VJibvIO7LOWa96Dg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71ben" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">纪鹏，复旦大学类脑智能科学与技术研究院研究员，复杂系统跨学科研究联合实验室主任，上海高校特聘教授，博士研究生导师。2015年获得德国柏林洪堡大学理论物理博士学位，之后在德国波茨坦气候影响研究所工作，2017年加入复旦大学，先后担任青年研究员和研究员，获得了上海高校特聘教授-东方学者、东方学者-跟踪计划、浦江人才等荣誉称号。目前从事的研究涉及人脑和斑马鱼成像分析、计算神经科学、复杂系统、神经元网络建模等交叉研究方向。以第一或通讯作者的文章发表在Nature Physics、Nature Communications、Physics Reports、Physical Review Letters等期刊上。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr71ben" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个人主页：<a href="https://faculty.fudan.edu.cn/pengji/zh_CN/" target="_blank">https://faculty.fudan.edu.cn/pengji/zh_CN/</a></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1920" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100247428" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f4c6a1e6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSW4icX6wAibDCP71Oic9VFMMU2ULpk8MMujHc5nPD2Ifa1DlfLq2kic6ypANOVpVqR6rSLGSkATAEecVxLdoFHibgWEDyJQ67oNvC0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ghwr77zb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">罗成，复旦大学类脑智能科学与技术研究院23级应用数学专业直博生，于2023年在西安交通大学获得数学与应用数学专业学士学位。</span></span><span style="color: rgb(36, 91, 219);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究兴趣包含：复杂网络，非线性动力学，大语言模型，神经科学等。</span></span></span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;" data-pm-slice="2 14 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 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visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">随机动力学读书会</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">集智俱乐部联合北京工业大学诸葛昌靖老师和北京化工大学王利老师共同发起</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247727955&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=50e01fb7188bd9eb2f63d6b2218a8068&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「随机动力学」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">「随机动力学」读书会</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">。采用“一主一辅”的阅读模式，带领大家系统研读随机过程领域的两部经典著作，主读文献《Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences》 ，辅助文献《Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry》，通过物理直觉启发与数学理论推导的交织，助力参与者构建完整的随机动力学逻辑结构和知识体系。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-weight: normal;">本读书会通过师生领读，系统化地梳理书中的重要概念，读完这两本书，我们将掌握随机过程的物理意义、基础理论与实用方法，在随机性的统一视角下，为跨学科建模应用铺路架桥。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" 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sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: 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style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">4. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247726146&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b72b038479b0db48ea95d0fc3e7f88f9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者</span></a></span></strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">7. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="325" data-imgfileid="100236176" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b440b63a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWIQ6jnCicOjE0871icX5jDeO9ae3mLb0rA2LAmicBSjrMobialpbJDUgK1SOicMukof4WnRb9rvXqc4IhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2026 14:41:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>随机动力学读书会丨第六期：扩散过程的近似方法</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731314&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=c3325a71406765ea33ab8f8198bf54a2</link>
      <description>2026年5月14日（周四）晚19:30-21:30分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-13 14:41</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=316ab543&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQpsRdan8lPkb64ZbcrExMPF0Lv8JWgU8jwR5urib0avdAsNUhsfRtyXDZ58PBNu1qI8NO2ibWTL9el07XEGa9fE6VZdk4Q0RTZI%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>2026年5月14日（周四）晚19:30-21:30分享</p>
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0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">随机动力学是研究复杂系统涨落、扩散与演化规律的核心理论工具，广泛应用于物理、化学及交叉学科研究。本期读书会为随机动力学读书会第六期，清华大学数学科学系博士杨梓炀将在本期分享扩散过程关键近似方法，讲解小噪声微扰与绝热消除的理论内涵。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">集智俱乐部联合北京工业大学诸葛昌靖老师和北京化工大学王利老师共同发起<a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247727955&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=50e01fb7188bd9eb2f63d6b2218a8068&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「随机动力学」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「随机动力学」读书会</a>。采用“一主一辅”的阅读模式，带领大家系统研读随机过程领域的两部经典著作，主读文献《Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences》 ，辅助文献《Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry》，通过物理直觉启发与数学理论推导的交织，助力参与者构建完整的随机动力学逻辑结构和知识体系。</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf1rq6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></strong></h2><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf1rq6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="999" data-backw="562" data-height="1920" data-imgfileid="100247662" data-ratio="1.7777777777777777" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" data-width="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=90652c5f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR1nyvaWkc3gxY8kqQg3DjHvia4FmfiaJ68O1rv8EicDSnlLVmQJLSIICibUF9M1SdV9Pe59Yd3ibWS9vbnL7ZhbgSEE3ibljCC9xbVE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></strong></h2><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报告简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhvyj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本次分享聚焦扩散过程的关键近似方法，针对实际场景中复杂随机系统难以精确求解的问题，介绍small noise perturbation 和 adiabatic elimination。二者都为perturbation theory中的方法。前者为非线性扩散系统的分析与研究，提供了一种，在小噪声时，基于简单Ornstein-Uhlenbeck 过程的渐进分析方法。后者则为多尺度复杂随机系统，提供了一种转换为单一尺度分析的理论支持，也为相互耦合的系统提供了一种消除快尺度的方法。这些方法基于《Handbook of Stochastic Methods for Physics, Chemistry and the Natural Sciences》的系统理论，结合相关著作给予的背景与应用，旨在通过合理简化将复杂随机问题转化为可计算的形式，广泛适用于物理、化学等领域的扩散现象分析。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">分享大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhiw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">近似方法核心动机：复杂扩散系统的简化需求</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh8ef" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">小噪声摄动理论：基础框架与适用条件与失效反例</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhcfl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">小噪声展开：SDE 与 Fokker-Planck 方程的不同性质</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh1pu4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">绝热消除：快速变量的简化原理与基本步骤，介绍Zwanzig 的投影技巧</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh1q0n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">白噪声极限：非白噪声过程的近似转化</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhgwj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">绝热消除的一般化：多变量与非线性场景适配</span></span></p></li></ul><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">核心概念 </span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh2183" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">概念一：小噪声展开</span></span></strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh23gz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">定义：当系统中随机噪声强度较小时，将 SDE 的解或 Fokker-Planck 方程的概率密度以噪声强度为小参数进行幂级数展开，通过逐阶求解获得近似的渐进方法。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhc5s" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">核心逻辑：将小噪声影响下的随机过程，看作是系统在确定动力学下行进的轨道上做轻微扰动。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh1kbw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">应用价值：适用于噪声影响次要、确定性趋势显著的场景，如弱噪声驱动的化学反应动力学、轻微波动下的粒子扩散等，是处理弱噪声系统的基础工具。</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh15o0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">概念二：绝热消除</span></span></strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh1s9d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">定义：针对多时间尺度耦合的扩散系统，忽略快速变量的瞬时波动（认为其快速达到稳态），仅保留慢速变量的演化方程，实现系统降维简化的方法。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh15l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">核心本质：利用变量演化速度的显著差异，剔除次要的快速变量，聚焦核心的慢速变量动力学，避免多变量耦合带来的求解难题。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhvu9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">应用场景：广泛用于含快慢耦合的复杂系统，如化学反应中短寿命中间产物的简化、电子系统中快速弛豫变量的忽略、多自由度系统的降维分析等</span></span></p></li></ul><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">主讲人介绍</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="316" data-backw="562" data-height="1080" data-imgfileid="100247661" data-ratio="0.5625" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1920" data-width="1920" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=521c3884&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRAYK6V40jFnP7JsB5AL4WxNl7lef9yAQElTPbYRFtcbOwPR0R7hR9DDNojZl5O8IicUH0aWxl1y4ITchCqgsR4Y7zSMwH6OB2I%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh1knq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主讲人：杨梓炀，清华大学数学科学系博士，主要研究兴趣为统计物理以及随机动力系统及AI中的扩散模型。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">经典文献推荐</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mheqc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Moss, Frank, and Peter VE McClintock, eds. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Noise in nonlinear dynamical systems</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, 1989.</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhola" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Faetti, Sandro, et al. &#34;The projection approach to the Fokker-Planck equation. I. Colored Gaussian noise.&#34; </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Journal of statistical physics</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 52.3 (1988): 951-978.</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mhrr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Swain, S. &#34;Handbook of stochastic methods for physics, chemistry and the natural sciences.&#34; </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 31.9 (1984): 977-978.</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">时间信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf7o8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span mpa-font-style="mny0vvzv8pd" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span mpa-font-style="mo9cisc1x6q" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span mpa-font-style="mohwm2219pa" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span mpa-font-style="moscl1vm1b4s" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span mpa-font-style="mp3nz2mh1uly" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年5月14日（周四）晚19:30-21:30，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">腾讯会议线上</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">进行，感兴趣的朋友扫码报名加入随机动力学读书会后，可进入学员群进行交流。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名读书会：「随机动力学」</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf1zxr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本次读书会由诸葛昌靖、王利两位老师共同发起，采用“一主一辅”的阅读模式，带领大家系统研读随机过程领域的两部经典著作，通过物理直觉与严谨理论的交织，助力参与者构建完整的随机动力学知识体系。读书会将于2026年4月9日起每周四晚上（创建读书会暂定时间为19:30-21:30）线上开展，持续约10周，包含主讲分享与讨论交流，并提供会后视频回放，诚邀相关领域研究者及跨学科兴趣者参与。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhfw4n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">扫描海报中二维码报名参加读书会</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="1468" data-backw="562" data-height="3079" data-imgfileid="100245277" data-ratio="2.611535199321459" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1179" data-width="1179" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f3e488e0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHT18Od88p1QBatwOn7Ksx6ibF4DNGiaibj7WIQYWhnSooP5gfYkj9vp1gLZxeaibQxntaMINv2u8uTjv7ketibr9aB2TzlTGYpCSqUM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhfntx" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);">报名方式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf14wv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一步：微信扫码填写报名信息。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 158px;height: 158px;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100245279" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=08c3ab2e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS9r8NnZ4ZibiaibbBjgr2hyNNKSvlTTbvQOq9OL0R9bXb3qibzLQldpmWrYhmyhf3wPVgz0tohxGtccc1WJKheQA26voH8sOWItCE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh74ybl1o6h" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mnh74yc5mse" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（扫码报名）</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf18iq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二步：填写信息后，付费报名。如需用支付宝支付，请在PC端进入读书会页面报名支付：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhfcj2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三步：添加运营助理微信，拉入对应主题的读书会社区（微信群）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf2x1"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">PS：为确保专业性和讨论的聚焦，本读书会谢绝脱离随机动力学读书会主题和随机动力学问题本身相关的空泛的哲学和思辨式讨论；如果出现讨论内容不符合要求、经提醒无效者，会被移除群聊并对未参与部分退费。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhf8j1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);">加入社区后可获得的资源</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhfno7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">完整权限包括：线上问答、录播回看、资料共享、社群交流、信息同步、共创任务获取积分等。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="307" data-backw="562" data-height="700" data-imgfileid="100245280" data-ratio="0.546875" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1280" data-width="1280" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9191ed20&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHREoyvMemiagHapxCVXk3OzBMrgorVlWu9LymsbJP4DWiat8iaDMib7ic1muh9NUYEZYCFGl551ayhzBoh0y7SjfXPA4rpMD3ezCCw0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mny158ka1ehn"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);">特色退费与激励机制</span></span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mny158ka9ve" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们提供以下两种途径，让您的投入获得实际回馈：</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li style="white-space: pre-wrap;text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span mpa-font-style="mny158ka1r2x" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">任务达标退费路径</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span mpa-font-style="mny158ka1r2x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">认领并合格完成任意两期字幕任务，即可退还全额报名费，并额外获得集智专属周边奖励。</span></span></span></p></li><li style="white-space: pre-wrap;text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong mpa-font-style="mny158ka1iub" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">运营成长激励路径</span></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mny158ka1qjx"><span leaf="">合格完成一个字幕任务后，可申请成为运营助理。在读书会项目顺利结项后，将退还学费。表现优异者，还有机会获得额外的奖学金。</span></span></p></li></ol><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhfhtr"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-weight: bold;">推荐阅读</span></span></span></h2><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mnh6zhhfep8" style="font-size: 15px;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" 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      <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2026 14:41:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>相互作用场论与 Feynman 图—构成我们世界的基石 | 量子场论第十一讲</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731314&amp;idx=3&amp;sn=671c85efff1a48a5b4cc4d69b8eeb08d</link>
      <description>2026年5月13日（周三） 19:00-21:00分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-13 14:41</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c8ff1227&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTxOBia2pM8Kibd5IPia2IQHYEvGic3Ht76qaTqCWwbc75WFDaOPbnM3THEINEWSFV4otM5srgyUjYwvIXZsbJZ0WOoG1JxgQLZibH4%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>2026年5月13日（周三） 19:00-21:00分享</p>
  <div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 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0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p nodeleaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: 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visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">集智学园联合新加坡国立大学贾治安老师共同开设了<a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247725711&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=6ffde17485d79bcc28c25113cd7e2595&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「量子场论十二讲」课程" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「量子场论十二讲」课程</a>，帮助复杂系统跨学科领域学习者、研究者系统掌握量子场论的核心概念和基本方法，以及其在高能物理和凝聚态物理中的典型应用。同时，课程还将探讨量子场论的前沿与跨学科课题，例如量子反常、拓扑场论和广义对称性，以及量子场论在神经网络、量子计算等方向的应用，来拓展学术视野。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">作为系列课程的第十一讲，贾治安老师将以「相互作用场论与 Feynman 图—构成我们世界的基石」为题，讲解Feynman图的计算过程。正式分享将于5月13日（周三）19:00-21:00进行。</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><h2 style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.6284987277353689" data-type="png" data-w="786" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="786" data-height="1280" data-backw="562" data-backh="915" data-imgfileid="100247605" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e6e9b07d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQnM9QLH19YMYcVfaaSO5lB31Zpe9ianA5C3tvIb993ibIPEV6rg9Zk3MKXwMGhK7SUX32sMzMzeKLrDzUVBhYcjpKQzY3weRroc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n8v5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);font-weight: bold;">主题：相互作用场论与 Feynman 图—构成我们世界的基石</span></span></h2><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程目标</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbvkbt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">掌握微扰论的系统方法，理解 Feynman 图的物理意义与计算规则，能够计算树图和简单圈图的散射振幅，建立对 S 矩阵理论的认识。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">内容要点</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2fejbvao0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">• S 矩阵与散射理论</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.38333333333333336" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width:309px;height:118px;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247608" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0b3a2fdc&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRdiaMIUtcticbsYBAia2JL2NOLYXk83RQ3IQeyic80ELChlUNKbQ3O0svxiabFsP2IvclA71elTQicf1VVONeI2mFnB9vZiaZr1a6ffk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv1rld" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">• 相互作用绘景与 Dyson 级数</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width:518px;height:155px;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247609" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8d62be11&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR2x6JU2etP5ve9fJoI0XHM0xRk4NotmLMfVhI3ZiapjRDuweibGIsLLdeiaWWGJWgoIbxia7xrx9A28oKbfeOY1omy2QyyQAuFBYA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv1f9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">• Wick 定理与正规乘积</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv30j" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">– 正规序：</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;f962ceb3-3b35-463f-80b7-95e956c0bf2e&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;:\\phi\\phi:=\\phi\\phi-\\langle0|\\phi\\phi|0\\rangle&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.134375" data-type="png" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 144px;" width="144" data-width="144px" data-imgfileid="100247610" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cd79aa30&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRYvjvBYUJUUJP0jgnn9UIJEPRQhlHqNB2a6XWwto8mztddzVdsFtCtA7D13xJnzlDicH5IAXsMKGcRYuT9bETibWmykXe9gBWt8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></sub></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv8j3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">– 收缩（contraction）：场算符对间的传播子</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv122w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">– Wick 定理：时间序乘积 = 所有可能收缩的正规乘积之和</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv1xhx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">– 真空期望值与连通图</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv3qu" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">• </span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;7adf6c60-6975-4c55-90a5-c87544523a92&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\phi^4&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="mp2fpu1e1xi9" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Φ</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fpu0xy3x"><span leaf="">4</span></sup></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 理论的 Feynman 规则</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2226345083487942" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1078" style="width:260px;height:318px;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247611" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a6466b5f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQW5C7gfdSMZsI3RYnelq9ibQn4h2AjfRbC8XA3jS2PQUeGmGz3CfgoX4Qv5FIbHuZ8KYKuicQtriciaA7FQzZLeaT95T9UYicru36c%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv1ukv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">• QED 的 Feynman 规则</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.562358276643991" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="882" style="width:252px;height:394px;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247612" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2f31e3bc&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTB3Kzo6xRUZhaNcf3AUjn5Y0vNArfjmqAibH8vTExL3ATrXHuJia8h92VOxBCrZgpelS9KmX8GPrcXHmVfYlVGTcZ7SErsyIPI0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv1gpj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">练习</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv1p1d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">• 计算一些简单的情形</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">本讲小结</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbvgc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Feynman 图技术是高能物理的核心计算工具。圈图的发散问题引出重整化理论，而更复杂的散射过程（如标准模型中的弱相互作用）需要规范场论的完整框架</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">系列课程推荐教材</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2fejbvwpr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87ey1z"><span leaf="">Tom Lancaster &amp; Stephen J. Blundell, Quantum Field Theory for the Gifted Amateur(Oxford University Press, 2014).</span></span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87e18b7" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Anthony Zee, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell (Princeton University Press,2010).</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87e1qh9" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Michael E. Peskin &amp; Daniel V. Schroeder., An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory(Addison-Wesley, 1995).</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87e3nm" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Matthew D. Schwartz, Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model (CambridgeUniversity Press, 2013).</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87e591" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Mark Srednicki, Quantum Field Theory (Cambridge University Press, 2007).</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87ed3v" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Steven Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields, Vols. I, II, III (Cambridge UniversityPress, 1995–2000).</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87e4jf" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Lewis H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1sted, 1996).</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv22i8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mp2fj87en5r"><span leaf="">Pierre Ramond, Field Theory: A Modern Primer, 2nd ed. (Avalon Publishing 1997).</span></span></span></p></li></ul><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;" data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mo7zryoau52" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程主题：相互作用场论与 Feynman 图—构成我们世界的基石</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv1u3u" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程时间：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年5月13日（周三） 19</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">:</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">00-21</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">:</span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">00</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp2fejbv59m" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程形式：腾讯会议（会议信息见群内通知）；集智学园网站录播（3个工作日内上线）</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程主讲人</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;" data-width="1080" data-height="608" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100242797" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2c89968f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSRT7x62h9icYqZv0eMbVUGyQu7asHDEef9FHYvG9W33ktBssyVdCdTr0ibvepqdcwAW4TiaibicOlPdy3DZibeCeXcM8GR0lux7cNYs%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span mpa-font-style="mleozv2n3ki" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">贾治安</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（知乎：@也疏寒），个人网站：tqfter.github.io，新加坡国立大学Research Fellow，即将回国在高校从事科研工作。主要从事数学物理与理论物理领域研究，聚焦量子代数在量子场论、量子物态、量子信息与量子计算中的具体应用。近年研究重点为拓扑场论及其晶格实现（拓扑序），并围绕场论与晶格框架下的广义对称性开展研究。同时，贾老师对高能物理、量子物质与量子信息科学的交叉和融合抱有浓厚兴趣，尤其致力于运用量子信息方法研究量子场论与凝聚态体系。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程适用对象</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1a5i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对高等数学和量子力学有一定了解的本科生、研究生、高校教师研究员与爱好者</span></span></p></li><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2nrt7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对量子世界的复杂性感兴趣的跨学科学习者</span></span></p></li><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2njm7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">希望在复杂科学领域迁移应用量子场论内容的研究者</span></span></p></li><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n23d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对逻辑、抽象思维和系统思维有兴趣的公众学习者</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名须知</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span mpa-font-style="mleozv2napy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程形式：腾讯会议直播，集智学园网站录播。</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本系列课程仅首节免费直播。</span></span></strong></span></p></li><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n5ww" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程周期：2026年2月11日-2026年5月6日，每周三晚19点-21点进行。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong mpa-font-style="mleozv2nh41" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程定价：999元。</span></span></strong></p></li></ol><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg" data-ratio="1" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="width:131px;height:131px;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100242799" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3c9e8eb0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ7AmcLrufWKBqljPXj1qzSApNVpKIOMCmKUHicNicdaPRiaQBnJgztkY7jV1C0MiaCA1ibZgr60EqZvZmbvf0tTabiaGBc4gEVl41uw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="line-height: 1.5em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleplznmvx" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mleplzo21bsx" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">课程链接：<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5681?from=wechat" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5681?from=wechat</a></span></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1e7p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">付费流程：</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1kar" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">扫码付费；</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1xg7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程页面添加学员登记表，添加助教微信入群；</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1rj7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程可开发票。</span></span></p></li></ol><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1wt0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">课程共创任务：课程字幕</span></span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1tsn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为鼓励学员深度参与、积极探索，我们致力于形成系列化知识传播成果，并构建课程知识共建社群。为此，我们特别设立激励机制，让您的学习之旅满载收获与成就感。</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n2395" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程以老师讲授为主，每期结束后，助教会于课程群内发布字幕共创任务。学员通过参与这些任务，不仅能加深对内容的理解，还可获得积分奖励。积分可兑换其他读书会课程或实物奖品，助力您的持续成长。</span></span></p><div data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="145666"><div style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><div><div style="display: flex;justify-content: center;"><div style="background-color: #e8ecf1;border-radius: 25px;margin: 3px 5px 0;box-sizing:border-box;"><div style="background-color: #205867fff;border: 1px solid #8494ce;border-radius: 25px;padding: 4px 15px;box-sizing:border-box;transform: translate(-3px,-3px);-webkit-transform: translate(-3px,-3px);-moz-transform: translate(-3px,-3px);-o-transform: translate(-3px,-3px);"><p style="font-size: 16px;color: #144997;"><strong data-brushtype="text"><span leaf="">后记</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;" data-pm-slice="7 7 [&#34;heading&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;h3&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, \&#34;system-ui\&#34;, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;,&#34;level&#34;:3},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">跨学科集智创新基金：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">招募顶尖讲师，生产高质内容</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n1rcn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">集智学园始终在围绕复杂科学、人工智能搭建知识体系。我们深知，唯有根深方能叶茂。因此，在追逐前沿的同时，在最近3个月中，我们推出了拓扑学、线性代数、统计物理等硬核基础课程，为社区学习者夯实关键根基。</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n199b" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">量子场论是前沿，也是核心基础，它代表人类对自然界基本规律理解的最深刻理论。其中重整化群、费曼图等在复杂系统、人工智能研究中的重要方法，其实也都来源于此。</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n8qb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但是要讲好量子场论门槛极高，既懂其物理深意又能关联复杂系统的学者凤毛麟角；且作为一门超硬核的基础理论，其商业回报的不确定性往往让普通课程开发望而却步。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n987" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但难做的事，往往才更有价值。为了填补这块关键的认知拼图，集智学园创始人张江教授特别设立了“</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723314&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=3d5dc70d9a561f177e7c2e0b85bded0e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">跨学科集智创新基金</a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">”，来悬赏招募优秀讲师，确保社区成员获得高质量内容。经过一系列的试讲与筛选，我们与新加坡国立大学Research Fellow贾治安老师达成合作，让这门来之不易的课程得以诞生</span>。</span></p><h2 style="margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mleozv2n18q9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: 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      <pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2026 14:41:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>人工智能中的内省：大语言模型中自我意识的一丝曙光</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731249&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ee3d4ae7c7f1e81fc8bea05ce17c9ec4</link>
      <description>新一代的大语言模型正在被赋予越来越多的人类特征。</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>郑鸿盛</span> <span>2026-05-12 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=770c197b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHS2M3e78V0WYg69LygqwJNqmZmbeia7ObplOH7VcateF7U0KUQLtic497EKXEkfuAUUFap0WicN7CKnpfvEMkKbk7N1N0vGEmXHTA%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>新一代的大语言模型正在被赋予越来越多的人类特征。</p>
  <div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us"><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="578" data-backw="578" data-height="1000" data-imgfileid="100247591" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="1000" data-width="1000" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b0678544&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRNZN6vYCEoaX0seKjb7W37YMPAcOA7mSicWkic6s7GOLhxljtCUsFPQbyMib3BXfCtD0a4zBZrIgPoWIQyiafibW0aOYiaFmP7U5dsM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">在人工智能快速发展的当下，一个看似简单却颇具争议的问题再次浮现：当我们询问大语言模型“你是如何得出这个答案的”时，它给出的解释究竟意味着什么？是对内部运作的真实反映，还是仅仅生成了一段听起来合理的叙述？围绕这一问题，人工智能公司 Anthropic 近期发布的一项研究尝试通过实验方法加以探究，并引发了关于“模型是否具备内省能力”的广泛讨论。本文将结合该研究的核心思路、实验方法及其结果，同时引入相关哲学观点，对当前大语言模型所谓“内省能力”的性质与边界进行梳理与分析。原文由 evoailabs 发布，本文为对博客原文的整理与翻译。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：人工智能，大语言模型</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">郑鸿盛<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨作者</span></span></p><div style="text-align: right;"><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;data-mpa-powered-by&#34;:&#34;yiban.io&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: right;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">赵思怡<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨审校</span></span></p></div></div><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtqz1t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">基于 Anthropic 发布的研究《Introspection in AI: A Glimmer of Self-Awareness in Large Language Models》，原文重点介绍了一种用于检验模型自我监控能力的实验路径。研究团队通过“概念注入”技术，将特定信息以神经激活形式嵌入模型运行过程中，并观察模型能否察觉并报告这些被植入的内容，从而评估其是否具备初步的内省能力。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1m36" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在梳理实验方法与结果的同时，本文进一步引入哲学视角，对“内省”的定义与判定标准展开讨论。研究显示，部分先进模型（如 Claude 系列）在特定情境下确实能够表现出有限的自我觉察迹象，但这种能力整体上仍不稳定、可重复性较低，与人类意义上的自我认知存在本质差异。围绕这一发现，学界与公众也展开了持续讨论，焦点涉及意识的本质、模型的自我表征方式，以及人工智能未来在安全性与透明性方面的潜在影响。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7361111111111112" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="1134" data-height="835" data-imgfileid="100247589" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1d0020a2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRSPicwseH0861uN9uFYbVrexQDRc1q7eY2YBzx7icupFLOM6pZh7YJ2H1U2OcpiahgjKofuicicZVS7Pt3Q6lZXhIOVHrHUDsljKnQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp238o494an" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp238o4s1v84" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1 ：Anthropic 在其研究页面中对这一问题进行了系统探讨，详情请见<a href="https://www.anthropic.com/research/introspection" target="_blank">https://www.anthropic.com/research/introspection</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1d2i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">你是否问过人工智能模型，它在想些什么？或是让它解释自己的回答是如何得出的？人工智能模型有时会回应这类问题，但我们很难判断该如何解读它们的答案。人工智能系统真的具备</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内省能力</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">吗？也就是说，它们能否审视自身的思维活动？还是说，当被问及这类问题时，它们只是编造出听起来合乎情理的回答而已？</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtq18kc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">围绕这一问题，Anthropic 在其社交平台发布中也提出了类似的思考（图2），进一步引出了公众对模型“自我认知能力”的关注：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="953" data-imgfileid="100247590" data-ratio="1.2672872340425532" data-type="png" data-w="752" data-width="752" style="background-color: transparent;width: 408px;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=de0b5afb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSy3jLkOWMey9YcoIvSJ0vBWoKKg7zZZMF4gbPsXPUFeTIR4fOw8yLussa1EYu9TX8S0Sddegot8P4mH0icWP4qJIk7zKR0w1xQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1mci" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp2391u58jf" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp2391tnq26"><span leaf="">图2： Anthropic 官方发布关于Claude 大模型的 “内省能力” 实验的研究成果，详情请见<a href="https://x.com/AnthropicAI/status/1983584136972677319" target="_blank">https://x.com/AnthropicAI/status/1983584136972677319</a> </span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1mci" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp23b9w75r" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp2391tnq26"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp23b9vg1o5m" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">语言模型能否识别自身的内在想法？还是说，在被问及这类问题时，它们只是编造看似合理的答案？我们研究发现，</span></span></span><span mpa-font-style="mp23b9vgm" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Claude 确实具备真实的内省能力，尽管这种能力十分有限</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。 机器能否思考，长期以来一直是引人深思、备受争议的话题。2025 年秋季一项开创性研究表明，我们或许正在见证人工智能迈入全新维度的早期迹象：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自我内省</span></span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mp2391tn16fd"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp23b9vgf8d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。人工智能公司 Anthropic 开展的一项研究给出了有力证据（尽管仍存在局限性），证明 Claude 等大语言模型，可能已初步具备向内审视、描述自身内部运行状态的原始能力。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1uia" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一发现也迅速引发了媒体与社区的广泛关注与讨论。例如，主流媒体对该研究进行了报道与解读，而技术社区中也出现了不同立场的讨论（图3、4）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="895" data-imgfileid="100247593" data-ratio="0.7666666666666667" data-type="png" data-w="1080" data-width="1167" style="background-color: transparent;width: 435px;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=37639c8e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSUapRTCqLaYib1iawuyjmvXPARAQmoia17ymAPobuLzeBtPibFmJCT8gVLwL85ib3zHGGf1cwv15icsFqrJOmdGWgclniahiaTZgjS0zk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp239b7vne2" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp239b8gfi8" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图3：Anthropic 官宣，Claude 首次展现可验证的自我内省能力，详情请见<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanceeliot/2025/11/03/glimmer-of-evidence-that-ai-has-innate-self-introspection-and-can-find-meaning-within-itself/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanceeliot/2025/11/03/glimmer-of-evidence-that-ai-has-innate-self-introspection-and-can-find-meaning-within-itself/</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.597758405977584" data-type="png" data-w="803" style="background-color: transparent;width: 432px;height: auto !important;" data-width="803" data-height="480" data-imgfileid="100247592" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=49f3821a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSBASeNSyll9jkicRZka8ofLgiaAWv2syJmz8ialkhjQnHiay2wMHXgLQBZjnnWibOp6JhDEBXLrVWdQ2OzxyH4ICu7AP1cuvcnnWbA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp239l0usuy" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp239l1c1m49" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图4：Reddit社区传播Anthropic Claude内省研究引发公众讨论，详情请见<a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/OpenAI/comments/1ok0vo1/anthropic_has_found_evidence_of_genuine/" target="_blank">https://www.reddit.com/r/OpenAI/comments/1ok0vo1/anthropic_has_found_evidence_of_genuine/</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1hop" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这项研究详细刊载于论文《Emergent Introspective Awareness in Large Language Models》，旨在解答一个根本性问题：当大语言模型描述自身的 “思考过程” 时，它是在真正反思自身的内部运行机制，还是仅仅生成一套听起来合乎逻辑的解释？</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1q9k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为了区分</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">真正的内省</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">刻意编造</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，Anthropic 的研究团队开发了一种名为</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">概念注入</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的全新技术。该方法会将特定概念以神经激活模式的形式，直接植入模型的 “运算中枢”，且此时模型正在执行一项无关任务。随后，研究人员观测模型能否察觉并识别这段被植入的 “思维内容”。关于这一方法的具体实现与可视化示意，可参考其技术说明页面：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.0355555555555556" data-type="png" data-w="675" style="background-color: transparent;width: 389px;height: auto !important;" data-width="675" data-height="699" data-imgfileid="100247595" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=211ea795&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSZ0KV3vn2uX8sNVP24ld4mv2MjcaPsIEQlSiaEatQYUxwcrzvib8vjULXhDc5af6nUKviaIulNAicOicY7l8WLStddSmgLYCPQ31Nk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp239vf124j2" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp239vfkw5z" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5：Anthropic 研究人员 Jack Lindsey 发表论文《Emergent Introspective Awareness in Large Language Models》，详情请见<a href="https://transformer-circuits.pub/2025/introspection/index.html" target="_blank">https://transformer-circuits.pub/2025/introspection/index.html</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtqmac" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与此同时，围绕“何谓真正的内省”，学界也存在不同的理论界定。一些哲学研究对当前大语言模型是否具备内省能力提出了系统性质疑，从理论层面对上述实验结论形成补充与反思，相关论文见下：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.26644736842105265" data-type="png" data-w="912" style="background-color: transparent;width: 473px;height: auto !important;" data-width="912" data-height="243" data-imgfileid="100247594" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7544d151&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQwpxCh7GwD8LCh7kuZpp42sMHvXLIl9XV4Yq8BGBemUN4AE6EicL7boicCQXdGtKFmfibBtzuHByiasMJ1kmEcJHrSzR17O0jTq8E%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1tih" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp23ajet1p7n" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mp23ajf11fwg" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图6：伦敦政治经济学院（LSE）学者 Daria Zakharova 对 LLM “内省能力” 的批判性研究（2025），详情请见<a href="https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27052/" target="_blank">https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/27052/</a> </span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1tih" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">近期哲学研究提出了一种</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">轻量化内省理论</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，该理论认为：若一个系统能够表征自身的心智状态，并借此调取这些状态以指导自身行为，该系统便具备内省能力。这一研究思路，也为现有大语言模型内省能力的实证检测提供了理论依据。但是，这篇文章认为，该轻量化理论标准过于宽泛，无法界定真正内省的核心本质。文章逐层递进，提出三项让步式、且各自独立成立的反驳论点，驳斥 “大语言模型具备内省能力” 这一论断：第一，真正的内省需要依托持续的主体而存在，而大语言模型不具备这一前提；现有模型缺乏形成自我认知所必需的心理连续性。第二，真正的内省具有</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">错误识别豁免性</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，但大语言模型的自我陈述并不满足这一特征 —— 其表述依托公开文本信息，这类信息同样可以用来推断其他系统的内部状态。第三，轻量化理论以功能性自我监控与行为调控为核心，无法将内省，与复杂系统中普遍存在的自我调节机制区分开来。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1acg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究结果耐人寻味。该研究发现，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Claude Opus 4、4.1</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 等高阶模型展现出一种「有限、功能性的内省觉知」。在部分实验场景中，这类模型能够准确报告被注入概念的存在，说明其具备一定程度的自我监控能力。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtq1qde" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然而，我们必须理性看待成果，不宜过度乐观。这种全新发现的内省能力极不稳定。研究指出，模型在多数情况下无法察觉被注入的概念，或是转而生成看似合理、实则虚构的回答。即便是在效果最好的实验中，这类自我觉知的准确率也仅维持在 20% 左右。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp234gtq20e5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不出所料，人工智能这种萌芽级的自我觉知，已然引发哲学界的激烈争论。部分批判者认为，这种「浅层次」的内省，完全不等同于人类所拥有的真正自我认知。他们主张，当前大语言模型缺少连续、稳定的「自我」，而这正是实现真正内省的必要前提。 尽管存在上述局限且相关争论仍在持续，这项研究的意义依旧深远。研究结果表明，模型的综合能力与其内省潜力存在关联性，这预示着随着人工智能技术不断发展，其自我觉知能力也或将同步提升。这或将对人工智能安全与透明化发展产生重大影响。试想在未来，人工智能系统能够实现自我调节、识别内部异常，并主动标记潜在偏见或有害输出内容。 然而，前路并非毫无隐患。那些有望提升模型透明度的底层机制，同样可能为欺骗行为埋下隐患，导致模型刻意歪曲、谎报自身的内部状态。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp234gtq652" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">针对大语言模型内省能力的研究仍处于起步阶段，却标志着人工智能发展历程中的</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">关键转折点</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。虽然拥有感知意识的机器离我们尚且遥远，但大语言模型中显现的内省迹象，已然开辟了全新的研究领域。这也迫使我们直面两大命题：人类造物的能力边界，以及意识本身的本质。</span></span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, 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!important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">4. </span><a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247726146&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b72b038479b0db48ea95d0fc3e7f88f9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者</span></a></span></strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. <a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">7. </span><a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="325" data-backw="578" data-imgfileid="100236176" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b440b63a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWIQ6jnCicOjE0871icX5jDeO9ae3mLb0rA2LAmicBSjrMobialpbJDUgK1SOicMukof4WnRb9rvXqc4IhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mokzk4zw4mr" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span mpa-font-style="mokzk4z5f5h" style="font-size: 14px;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mokzk8fastn" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span mpa-font-style="mokzk8epalx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="">#翻译</span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><span leaf="">点击“阅读原文”，报名读书会</span></span></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>


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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>如果大脑能理解一切，意识可能将不复存在｜罗欢</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731150&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=935e270011be90d104b45cc849bdf641</link>
      <description>意识之所以产生，在于人脑认知资源的有限性</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>罗欢</span> <span>2026-05-11 14:30</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>




  <p>以下文章来源于：返朴</p>
  <strong>返朴</strong>
  <p>科学新媒体“返朴”，科普中国子品牌，倡导“溯源守拙，问学求新”。</p>



  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c6879259&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQgKobEeYjCgYoDvKv70ZbKQQ8j4KluicibJLYFRx1tdMBuaEcZDwibbCCTtePyxHWU8KRt4V8skMw4n7f5NiaawhiaZDEv4Is7RicWI%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>意识之所以产生，在于人脑认知资源的有限性</p>
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style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">这篇文章试图回答一个古老而尖锐的问题：意识究竟从何而来？北京大学心理与认知科学学院教授罗欢从心理学与脑科学出发，提出了一个颇具颠覆性的观点——意识并非源于大脑“无所不能”的强大，而恰恰诞生于认知资源的有限性。因为人脑无法完整复制无限复杂的现实，我们才不得不通过选择、压缩、建构与整合，在内部形成一个带有个人经验与偏好的“世界模型”。也正是在这种有限性与复杂性的张力中，主观体验、自我意识与“我是谁”的感受得以涌现。文章结合现代意识理论、神经科学研究与AI发展的挑战，重新思考了意识、主体性与人类存在的边界。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：意识科学，脑科学</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">罗欢（北京大学心理与认知科学学院教授、IDG/北京大学麦戈文脑研究所研究员）<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨作者</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;data-mpa-powered-by&#34;:&#34;yiban.io&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: right;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">返朴<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨来源</span></span></p></div></div><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us"><div><div data-mpa-action-id="mowfr34alta" data-pm-slice="5 4 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxq2r"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pzig" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识，是我们“最熟悉的陌生人”。主观体验与客观机制在此交汇，这种既亲密又疏离的存在感，使意识成为哲学、心理学、物理学与神经科学交汇处最棘手的谜团之一。本文尝试在心理学与神经科学的交汇地带，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">提出一个</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可供讨论的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理解框架：</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识之所以产生，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">于人脑认知资源的有限性。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">1. 最熟悉的陌生人</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1spn"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1v1z" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识之所以令人着迷并引发热议，在于它是我们“最熟悉的陌生人”。人人都切身拥有意识，体验着丰富、细腻且生动的内心世界，日复一日地进行着无声的自我对话。尽管永远无法确知他人的意识内容，我们仍默认他们拥有独特的内心体验。然而，意识又是如此陌生——我们不清楚它的物质基础，也不明白它如何产生。可以说，意识是人类捍卫自我存在的最后堡垒。它如此真切、私密，甚至显得任意，以至于任何带有还原</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">论色彩</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的解释都天然触发我们的抵触——“你怎么知道我在想什么？”这种绝对主观性赋予主体解释的终极话语权，令任何</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">客观理论</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在其面前都显得脆弱。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx939"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p109n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如今，以大语言模型为代表的人工智能，也正不断冲击我们固守的意识阵地。十年前，我们或许能轻易举出上百条理由否认机器会产生意识；而今天，这种底气已愈发不足，图灵测试的效力也日渐式微。AI 展现的语言与“思考”能力</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">挑战着</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们的成见，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">催生着</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">危机感：机器会产生意识吗？其他物理系</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">统是否</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也能？是否存在判定意识的统一标准？意识是连续谱系，还是只是虚无缥缈的副现象，如同皇帝的新衣？ </span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx8hs"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1yhd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">无论我们如何捍卫意识这最后的堡垒，对其本质和起源的探索始终是科学进步的原动力。历经近百年脑科学探索，包括感知、注意、记忆在内的认知过程的神经机制逐渐明晰，终于步入解析意识的“战国时代”。近期，包括笔者实验室在内的全球六家实验室联合开展的COGITATE 项目采用对抗性合作模式验证两</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大意识</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理论。众多国际项目也持续发力，试图通过透明公开的数据共享，合力攻克意识难题。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1tqz"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p20g2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然而，每个个体面对关于意识的种种，内心仍难免存有抗拒。原因在于，我们鲜活、私</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">密且自由流动的思维体验，竟被解释为物理系统的涌现产物。我们难道不是在自由地产生想法？自由意志如何可能源于受物理规律支配的系统？每当试图解释这一过程，仿佛总有一个更深层的自由之“我”在幕后操控。主观体验与客观机制在此交汇，这种既亲密又疏离的存在感，使意识成为哲学、心理学、物理学与神经科学交汇点上最深奥也最棘手的谜团之一。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxgjf"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pfso" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本文无意</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">全面</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">综述意识的神经机制，而是尝试在心理学与神经科学的交叉地带，构建一</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">关于意识产生的理解框架，以供商榷。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">2. 意识的起点是主观性</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1rwu"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pjyh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">首先，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">讨论</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识的“起点”</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">需承认其背后的主观体验的事实性。换言之，我们</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">需要</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">接受这样一个前提：</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">任何</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识系统</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">都以其独特方式体验世界。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">若剥离</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主观</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">性，意识也就失去了其</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">最</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">核心的定义。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在本文中，“主观性”指每个</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主体所具有的特定且不可完全替代的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">体验结构。正是这种“因人而异”的体验方式，构成了主体性的基础。</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">因此，在本文语境中，主观性即主体性。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx9bb"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p9vq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">那么，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主观</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">性如何在一个物理系统中生成？一个直观的假设是：</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主观</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">性源于一个内部各要素相互约束、互为因果的复杂系统。从神经科学的视角来看，这样的系统是通过神经振荡、前馈–反馈</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">-再入</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">回路、跨区域同步等动态神经机制，构建出一种“共鸣体”式的网络结构</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，而非多个功能模块的堆叠</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。该结构具有高度的整合性、自洽性与压缩性，能够将庞杂的信息加工为一个统一整体</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这种统一性正是主体感的核心体现。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx13z0"><span style="font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p11o7"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">举个例子，我们之所以认为视网膜或者显示屏不会产生意识，不是因为它们无法加工复杂信息——事实上，所有的复杂信息都可以在视网膜或者显示屏上存在展开——而是因为它们缺乏深层的信息整合机制，无法形成一个统一、自洽、并持续动态更新的整体。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">3. 主观性根源于认知资源的有限性</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1k1a"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p469" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如果主观性是意识的起点，那么这种相互约束、互为因果，进而孕育出主体性的系统又是如何产生的？</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">事实上，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人们往往认为，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">丰富</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">多样</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">且</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不可替代的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主观体验</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">应当</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">依赖于庞大的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">脑</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">认知资源。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">相应的，流行</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">观点</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也提出</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人脑资源</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">没有被充分利用</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">暗示着</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">丰富</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">性源于巨大</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">脑加工</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">能力。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">认知神经科学长期以来</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">强调</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人脑的特殊性，例如占比巨大的前额叶、复杂折叠的大脑皮层等结构特征</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这些被视为人类卓越信息处理能力的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">生物学</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">基础</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">使我们能够</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">应对外部世界的高度复杂性，生成层次丰富的意识内容。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxkd0"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1lld" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然而，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这里我想提出一个相反的观点：主体性意识的根源恰恰在于人类认知资源的有限性，而非庞大或者无限的处理能力。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其理由是，正因为处理能力受限，系统将无法对外部信息进行全面、精确的表征，不得不依赖选择性加工与建构性整合，形成一种</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主体内部</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自洽</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的不可替代的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主观体验。相反，若一个系统拥有无限资源，它便可毫无成本地处</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理所有输入，无需进行概念抽象、模型压缩或优先级排序，也就无从谈起主观感受与意识建构。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxak4"><span style="font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1996"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当然，认知有限性本身并不必然带来意识。如果一个系统过于简单、缺乏动态建构能力</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（如植物或低阶反射弧）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，同样难以形成主体性体验。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1sie"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p6no" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">事实上，这种“有限性认知”在心理学研究中已有广泛体现。我们无法同时处理大量信息， 因此需要依赖注意力机制进行选择性加工；我们无法保留全部细节，依赖模糊和重构性的记忆系统；我们无法像人工智能那样无限学习，反而不断遗忘、频繁“脑补”；我们也无法总</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">能</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">做出理性判断，而常常受主观偏好与认知偏差的影响。这些现象都表明，人类认知系统受限于自身资源匮乏，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">无法无</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">偏无损地呈现外部世界。正是这种限制促使系统构建一个融合、自洽、并因人而异的主观世界，由此孕育出意识的主观性核心。 </span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，意识并非“全知全能”的标志，而是复杂性与有限性之间的权衡结果。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">4. 什么造就了因人而异的主观体验？</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1opg"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1mdx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">认知心理学的诸多研究表明，即便面对同一幅图像，每个人的体验却各不相同。二义性图形让个体在两种意识表征之间切换；</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">变化盲视现象</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">中，一个非常显著的图形却如过山车般来来回回进入或离开人的意识，几乎不受控制。这些现象说明，意识体验并非由感官输入直接决定，而深受脑内部状态的影响。事实上，即使是一个简单的“看”的过程，很早就被认为反映了“无意识推理”：</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">体会基于自身的先验知识对感知进行自动的建构性加工。几年前在社交媒体中大火的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">蓝黑</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">白金裙子</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">”即</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为典型例子。这种差异在更复杂的认知情境中表现得更为显著，例如电影音乐、艺术审美、社会事件、道德决策等。意识的主观性由此可见一斑。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img js_img_placeholder wx_img_placeholder" data-ratio="0.5018518518518519" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;background-color: transparent;" type="block" data-backw="562" data-backh="282" data-imgfileid="100156930" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=18f0859d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FZoJM99FGhL8or8BKiaXh6HknN1c4VMoySmXfI4GIdo0Ir8JGuOvWIFvMW89ejYMP3ZJPHYB5BicibpFUpH5uA1flWRpSmt3f5ia3dqdHyufDQN8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg%23imgIndex%3D0"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1opg"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p5x6" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mowfnn9j18yl" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style=""><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mowfnl9djw9"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowfnn8l1iat" style="font-size: 13px;">经典的二义性图像与前几年火热的“</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfnn8l1v81"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">蓝黑</span></span></span><span style=""><span mpa-font-style="mowfnn8l22mj" style="font-size: 13px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">白金裙子”。</span></span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;float: none;display: inline !important;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">丨</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mowfnl9d1x3k"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowfnn8lyv5" style="font-size: 13px;">图源：网络</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1xjn"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pk9k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">那么，是什么造就了这种因人而异的主观体验？最常见的回答是基因</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（微观层面）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和环</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">境</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（宏观层面）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的共同作用。这些无疑是重要因素，但从</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">介</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">观层面来看，大脑作为一个多尺度复杂系统，其物理与动力学特性很可能是主体间差异性和多变性产生的原因。复杂系统的一个核心特征是整体不等于部分之和，在此类系统中，微小的初始差异就可能引发巨大差异的演化路径，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而跨尺度</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的神经系统则进一步加剧了时空演化轨迹的多变性和复杂性。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx39g"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pplo" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，意识是复杂系统在有限资源约束下对信息的自我组织与动态建构。</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一个能够产生主观性的意识系统，其关键不在于其包含的信息总量的多少，而在于该系统是否具备有限性中的整合能力——即在多尺度、多层级的神经网络中，让信息在互动中相互塑造、彼此约束、动态演化，抵达为一种自洽和融合的状态。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">性越高</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，越具变异性与动态整合能力，就越可能在相同输入下产生不同输出，从而体现出更强的主体性与主观性。反之，若系统过于简单，缺乏必要的复杂性与动态建构能力，则难以产生个体差异和主观性，也就无法催生主体意识的产生。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">5. “主观宫殿”</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx20pq"><span style="font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1q87"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">尽管认知资源有限，人脑却展现出前所未有的通用性、灵活性与创造力，缔造构造出如此丰富多彩的经验人造世界。人类是如何克服自身的认知约束，去理解并加工并反作用于一个几乎无限复杂的外部环境世界？</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1brg"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1nmo" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">早在八十年前，研究者便提出，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人类具备建构心智模型（mental model）的能力——即以有限的资源，在内部构造出对无限复杂现实的近似表征。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">换言之，人脑并非逐点复制外部世界，而是在心智空间中搭建了一个简化的“世界模拟器”。这一模型具有相对稳定的结构与先验约束，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">通过结构匹配与归纳推断实现高效加工，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">使我们无需对每一信息事必躬亲地处理与计算。正因如此，人类能够高效地进行抽象、泛化与推理，而不至于淹没在信息洪流之中。心智模型，是人类克服认知容量限制的重要机制。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx234c"><span style="font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pl1q"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这一建构性视角有着悠久的哲学渊源。早在17世纪，莱布尼兹就指出，尽管人类受限于“单子”</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（Monad）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，却能通过其组合反映世界的无限多样。康德进一步提出，我们的认知受制于先天认知形式，无法真正接触“物自体” ，但仍能在感知框架中建构对经验世界的理解。维特根斯坦、怀特海、胡塞尔等人认为，人类可凭借有限的语言、符号与感知结构逼近无限的现实。心智模型，是人类在“有限中构造无限”的路径。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1ud3"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pbtu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">心智模型并不是对外界的被动复制，而是</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以内在结构为框架的主动建构，因此不可避免地携带个体偏向</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。换言之，建构性与偏差性是同一硬币的两面。结构使认知得以高效运行，同时也引入系统性误差与主观倾向。个体所构建的是一个在内部保持自洽的“主观宫殿”</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，而非客观世界的镜像</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。主观性——在内部</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自洽与外部输入</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的持续互动中产生。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxomh"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p18ck" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">现代神经科学也为这一主动建构机制提供了机制支持。近年来的神经科学研究逐渐打破了传统观点——即</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">脑活动</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是对外界刺激的被动</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">反应</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，发现无论是清醒还是睡眠，脑中都充满存在着广泛无所不在的静息</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">态活动</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和自发振荡。这些内在活动并非随机噪声，而是</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">反映着主体内部状态和先验知识。相同的感官输入会在不同个体甚至同一大脑的不同时刻引发不同神经反应，脑区间通过振荡协同形成跨时间尺度的动态网络，持续塑造着感知、运动、注意、记忆、决策。这意味着大脑的信息加工并非完全由外界输入驱动，而始终受到内在结构的调节与塑形。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1xzo"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p17nn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同时，过往经验也以缓慢而持久的方式在脑中反复激活，如同排练或复盘，在神经网络中留下具有个体特征的记忆痕迹；这些结构性痕迹又进一步影响着个体的当前和未来信息加工。过去的记忆和当前的加工之间相互印证和互动，形成了每个主体的主动建构过程——</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">无论</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">清醒或</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">睡眠，我们的大脑始终在不断生成、更新和重塑一个带有</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个人</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">偏好、结构与倾向的世界模型</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这种模型不仅影响我们的感知、记忆与决策，更深刻地参与了“我是谁”的塑造过程。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx18u9"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0plj9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">笔者实验室近年来的研究也从不同层面印证了这一主动建构机制。当工作记忆面临超容量的复杂序列时，大脑并非“复制-粘贴”的被动存储，而是将一维序列折叠为二维结构，以压缩信息复杂度</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（Fan et al., 2025）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。在感知决策过程中，近期经验会被</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自发再</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">激活，并与当前输入相互作用，从而系统性地影响当前的判断</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（Zhang &amp; Luo, 2023; Luo et al., 2025）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。在少量局部学习条件下，即便个体接受完全相同的训练信息，大脑仍会主动构造出稳定且内部自洽、却因人而异的整体序列结构</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（Liu et al., 2025）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这些现象共同表明：人脑并非简单积累证据，而是在有限信息下构建具有结构偏向、内部自洽的整体解释框架。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx555"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0psq0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由此可见，若将意识理解为对信息进行整合与组织，那么其核心功能正在于：</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在个体心智模型的框架下，对外部信息进行主动建构与结构化整合；而这种整合的产物，恰恰表现为具有个体特征的主观体验。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识并非被动接收，而是产生于有限资源与复杂环境之间的持续相互作用；在结构约束与经验积累的相互塑造下，逐渐形成个体化的“主观宫殿”。我们每日的念头、情绪与反应，都是内在世界模型与外部环境冲击下的结果——如同巨浪拍击下，礁石激起浪花，同时也在时间中被悄然塑形。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">6. 主流理论支持</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1n1s"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pgf9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">笔者实验室有幸应邀作为全球六个实验室之一，参与了COGITATE国际意识项目</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，该项目是迄今最具规模的意识神经机制研究，以对抗性合作的方式对两大主流意识理论——整合信息理论</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（IIT）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与全局工作空间理论</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（GNW）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——展开实证测试。本文暂且搁置</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这两个理论各自侧重的意识的不同方面以及</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">该项目的具体结果</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">可参见《</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg2MTUyODU2NA==&amp;mid=2247634319&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=0514244bb44d1e8d398d4b849443e209&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="Science、Nature报道惹众怒，“对抗性合作”能解决意识之谜吗？" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">Science、Nature报道惹众怒，“对抗性合作”能解决意识之谜吗？</a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">》</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">）</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，仅就这些理论与前述</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">笔者</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">观点之间的内在契合性进行探讨。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx13ia"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0px7b" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">IIT 强调系统内部的自我因果结构，主张意识只会出现在具有高度整合性与</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可分性的系统之中；换言之，只有当系统中的各部分信息彼此约束、相互依赖，并形成不可还原的整体时，才可能生成意识。而 GNW 则从功能视角出发，认为意识依赖于一种信息的</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“全局广播”机制：即只有当信息通过前额叶的瞬间激发进入全局工作空间这个脑中的特殊网络，该信息才进入我们的意识。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1djc"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p24dm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">尽管理论路径不同，IIT 与 GNW 却不约而同地强调了一点：意识产生的神经基础在于系统内部信息之间的协同与整合。GNW 所提出的能够“进入意识”的信息，正是那些在资源限制下被选中进入全局工作空间的部分。IIT 所定义的整合度</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> (φ, phi）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，本质上是对系统中“相互因果”结构的量化</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在这种自洽闭环中，主体性的“统一视角”才可能实现。更进一步，IIT 所强调的非线性与复杂性也契合“多尺度复杂系统”对主观体验差异的解释。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx2ib"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p6lp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">还有一个比较有影响的“预测性理论”，是从生成模型的角度看待意识，认为意识是系统对外部环境做出的主动预测与误差更新过程的一种显现。在这一框架下，个体的主观性体验，源于其内部模型对于可控性与确定性的不断追求，而这种预期机制</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也是</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有限认知资源下的必要产物——因为我们无法处理一切信息，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">需要</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">依靠模型来简化世界、预测未来。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1k3s"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p56" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，主流意识理论虽然各有侧重，但</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本文提出的观点</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">都与之契合</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识源自一个资源受限而结构复杂的系统，通过信息整合、动态耦合与主动建构来形成主观性。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主体性，不是外加其上的标签，而是系统为了克服资源有限性所产生的具有</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">内部</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自洽的整体性</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识来源于“有限性—建构性—主体性”。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">7. 互动激发强化了主观意识</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxwuy"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p23di" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">即使个体具备了丰富的主观体验，如果缺乏与他者的交互，这种体验也难以反观自身，更无法上升为具有自觉性的主观意识。换言之，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个体意识的觉醒不仅源于内在建构，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有赖于与外部他人的相遇与映照。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx6e2"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1qe" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人类对自身的认识，往往并非直接来自自身，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">还需</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">借助他者之眼。我们难以完整看到自身的面貌，必须依赖镜子、照片或他人的评价。而主体性意识的建立亦如是：没有外界的差异性，我们很难意识到“自我”的特殊性。这一“认知错位”便是最基本的主观性觉醒。当个体逐步走出家庭，与陌生人交往，才真正意识到个体差异的普遍存在，主体意识由此进一步确立。这种社会互动不仅塑造了我们对“自我”与“他者”的基本区分，也反过来稳定和强化了我们内在的世界模型，帮助我们在内心中建立一个可以持续对话的“自我表征”。主体</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">性因此</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不仅是一种内在认知结构，更是持续演化于社会集群互动之中。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1vkk"><span style="font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p103a"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值得注意的是，这种意识的映照关系并非对所有他者都成立。唯有在与具有相匹配的复杂程度的个体互动中，主观意识才真正被激发和深化。因为只有当互动双方都具备一定的认知层次与反应复杂度时，差异才得以被察觉，主观性也才具备“比照”的基础。而复杂度差异过大时，个体难以从对方身上映射出有意义的反馈，主观意识也就难以被激活。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx367"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0poab" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，意识的发展并非止步于个体的神经系统内部，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在与他者的持续关系中，个体意识</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">到“我”与“你”，“我”与“他／她”的边界，主体性感由此得以强化，并逐步演化出自我意识</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。更进一步地，这种互动奠定了</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同理心</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的基础：虽然我们无法直接感知他人的主观体验，但可以通过模拟机制</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（如“心智理论”）</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">来建构对他人意识状态的间接理解。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">8. 现代社会中意识的“现代性”困境？</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx23a9"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pe3d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">值得一提的是，信息爆炸与万物互联的现代社会，也催生了前所未有的意识困境。</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息过载与人脑认知资源有限之间的剧烈碰撞，使个体主观意识愈发强烈且孤立。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在海量信息面前，我们有限的认知系统被迫高频运转，个体差异</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感显著</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">增强，那个“与众不同的我”日益凸显。与此同时，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">现实世界的复杂性又常常与我们主观世界模型中构建的意义结构相悖，导致主体性在信息洪流中被撕裂，个体频频陷入焦虑、内耗与迷茫</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。对此，人们提出了两条看似对立的应对路径：其一是削减外部信息输入，减轻负荷，返璞归真、简化生活、逃离社交媒体，转向静观与内省；其二是扩展认知资源，借助认知增强工具、人工智能等技术手段，提升信息处理带宽，加大外</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">部</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">支撑。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxnfn"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0ptya" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然而，一个带有讽刺色彩的推论是，系统越强大，选择的成本越低，主体感反而会随之弱化</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。一个拥有无限信息处理能力与全然预测能力的系统，将无需真正“选择”——也就无法真正“感受”。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主体性来源于限制之中，意识也植根于不确定性。一旦系统进入一种“全知状态”，它或许拥有全景视野，却失去了局部感知的 “盲区”，也就走向了某种意识虚无——不再需要感受</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">挣扎。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1f0e"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1367" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因此，有限性，这一认知枷锁，固然带来痛苦、撕裂与困惑，</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也正因其存在，赋予我们意识中那份珍贵的丰富、细腻与流动感；而无限的认知资源与全能系统，虽带来高效与便捷，却也可能剥夺我们赖以为傲的主观体验。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">结语</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx8la"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p15dc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识的主观性是认知资源有限性与复杂神经系统交织的产物，并进一步被社会互动所塑造。有限的认知资源迫使系统进行选择性加工和主动建构，形成独特的世界模型，而多层级的神经网络复杂性赋予了个体意识以多样化和个性化。进一步，意识主体在与其</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">他主体</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的互动中不断反观和</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">拓实</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">主体性，强化了主观体验和自我意识。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxyqd"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pmm5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">总之，本文的主要观点是，</span></span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">意识并非源于无所不能，而是诞生于有限性中的建构、整合与差异</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。它既是我们认知有限性的边界映照，也是我们持续追问“我是谁”的思想镜像。在复杂性与有限性的撞击中，主体性涌现，意识得以生成——它是“有限”中闪耀的光芒。</span></span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">后记&amp;致谢</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxrod"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1vkd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本文的诸多零散思路，其实源于我对规范学术生活的一种逃离。作为一名长期从事认知</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">神经科学与认知心理学研究的学者，我的日常工作，是在严谨的统计检验和数据支持下撰写论文，有一说一，无一绝不说二。在这样的学术规范中，得出一个结论常常步履维艰，刚迈出一步，已退后三步。常感慨，如今的科学论文越来越像八股文，为了“规范”而牺牲了“初心”——那些最初天马行空的思考与直觉性的假设。也许，科学首先应该是有趣的，其次才是严谨的。感谢这次写作的机会，让我</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">得以写</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一篇参考文献</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不多</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的“胡思乱想”之作。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1osh"><span style="font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p6gk"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">需要特别指出的是，意识作为一个横跨学科、跨越历史的宏大议题，其研究脉络极为丰富。本篇仅简略选取了和本文论述相关的综述和书籍，并非详尽罗列。为避免打断行文节奏，正文中未插入具体引文，而是将相关书籍与文献按主题类别统一列于文末。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1a6c"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1366" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我要感谢张惠惠博士，感谢我们在去学一、家园、</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">学五食堂</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">路上的多次交流，我仍记得我们在讨论主体性时的那种“Aha 时刻”。也感谢查征先生和罗木阔小友对本文初稿的肯定与建议。你们能听懂我在说什么，更增加了我的勇气。</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">感谢匿名审稿人提出的批评意见。</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx6rj"><span style="font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mowfhn0p1jzg"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“认知有限性”和“主动建构性”是近年来我实验室诸多研究的交汇点。在此也感谢实验室的小朋友们，感谢你们在不断挣扎、逐渐接受“人类认知是有限的”这一事实的过程中所付出的努力。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 40px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx116h"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><span mpa-font-style="mowfhn0pkl6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><span leaf="">最后，因为我自身认知的有限性，我敢绝对保证本文提出的任何观点不是百分之百正确的。但如果它能激发你哪怕一丝思考，那它至少是百分之百 insightful 的。</span></span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">（本文采用 AI 工具对文稿进行了语法校对和辅助。）</span></span></span></span></p></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></p></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;width: 661px;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-left: 4px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;height: 360px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;overflow-x: hidden;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><div><div><div data-mpa-action-id="mowfr34alta" data-pm-slice="5 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx17jm"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><span style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);" mpa-font-style="mowfr3341u20"><span leaf="">关于意识和脑</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1ezi"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr3341wi0" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1. </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Revonsuo, A. (2006) Inner Presence: Consciousness as a Biological Phenomenon. MIT Press.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1dsn"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr3341ng2" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">2</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">. </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Koch, C., Massimini, M., Boly, M., &amp; Tononi, G. (2016). Neural correlates of consciousness: Progress and problems. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(5), 307–321.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxdu4"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr334gg1" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3. Seth, A. (2021)</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Being You: A</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">New Science of Consciousness. Faber &amp; Faber.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx2v3"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr334mf4" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4. Cogitate Consortium. </span></span></span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">et al. </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness. Nature</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">642, 133–142 (2025).</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx4wn"><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfr3349iy"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">关于人类认知有限性</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx23q1"><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfr33419nv"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5. Craik, K. J. W. (1943). The Nature of Explanation. Cambridge University Press.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1fcu"><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfr3341yhj"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">6. Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and Effort. Prentice-Hall.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxa8f"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr3341s4f" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">7 </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">.</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Simon</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">, H. (1982). Models of Bounded Rationality (Vols. 1–2). MIT Press.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxbf"><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfr33462w"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">8. Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1983). Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness. Harvard University Press.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx17ef"><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfr3341y88"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">关于人脑复杂系统、内生振荡和重演</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1m0u"><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfr334884"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">9. Kelso, J. A. S. (1995) Dynamic Patterns: The Self-Organization of Brain and Behavior. MIT Press.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx115o"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr3341cok" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">10. </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Buzsáki, </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">G. (2019) The Brain from Inside out. Oxford University Press</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1wua"><span style="font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mowfr334b8o"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">笔者实验室的相关工作</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1ef9"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr334237k" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">. Fan, Y., Wang, M., Fang, F., Ding, N.*, Luo, H.* (2025) 2-D Neural Geometry Underpins Hierarchical Organization of Sequence in Human Working Memory. </span></span></span><span style="font-style: italic;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Nature Human Behavior</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 9(2): 360-275. DOI:10.1038/s41562-024-02047-8 (</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">cover story</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">)</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1k0d"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr334ai2" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">2</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">. </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Luo M., Zhang H.*, Fang F.*, Luo H.* (2025) Reactivation of previous decisions repulsively biases sensory encoding but attractively biases decision-making. PLoS Biology 23(4): e3003150. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003150" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003150</a></span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldxxom"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr3341wsf" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">. </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Zhang, H.*, Luo, H.* (2023) </span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Feature-specific reactivations of past information shift current neural encoding thereby mediating serial bias behaviors</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">. PLoS Biology 21 (3), e3002056</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn7a6ldx1l2c"><span mpa-font-style="mowfr3341v8i" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1</span></span></span><span style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;"><span style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);" mpa-font-style="mowfr334cbn"><span leaf="">. Liu, D., Wang, M.*, Luo, H.* (in press) Human brains construct individualized global rankings from identical few-shot learning input. PLoS Biology </span></span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 3px;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 1px;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">参考文献可</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">上下滑动</span></strong><span leaf="">查看</span></p></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, 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style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 0px -15px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">意识科学读书会</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">从神经元放电到自我意识的涌现，意识是人类最稀松平常的主观体验，也始终是科学中最迷人的问题。在“我是谁”的终极追问下，当我们深入意识的机制与机理，会发现更值得深思的是，无论是神经机制的功能整合、信息的跨脑区传递，还是现象意识的主观性质，不同层面的问题都在共同指向一个核心挑战：物理过程如何产生主观体验？功能计算如何关联现象感受？局部神经活动又如何整合为统一的意识？而要回答这些问题的并不简单，它可能会挑战我们对世界和实在，乃至科学方法本身的理解。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">为了对意识问题进行系统探讨，集智俱乐部联合来自哲学、认知神经科学、计算机科学、复杂科学领域的研究者共同发起</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247721276&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=aa782123662be5cd118f32f70e8b639a&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「意识科学读书会」" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">「意识科学读书会」</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">，跨越理论与实证、功能与现象、生物与人工的视角，全面深入研讨意识这一现象本身。重点探讨当代主流意识理论的核心主张与分歧，神经机制与主观体验之间的桥梁，以及AI意识、脑机接口等技术如何重塑人类意识主体的边界与文明的未来。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 2em;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5712962962962963" data-w="1080" style="width:100%;" data-backw="562" data-backh="321" 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Commun.：大脑皮层的功能结构编码意识维度</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">4. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247666568&amp;idx=3&amp;sn=624a5aed174a70fb6e02018c1c54d98d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="机器人集群如何组装出有趣形状？| Nat. Commun. 速递" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">机器人集群如何组装出有趣形状？| Nat. Commun. 速递</span></a></span></strong></strong></p><p data-pm-slice="4 5 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">5. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247726146&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b72b038479b0db48ea95d0fc3e7f88f9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者</span></a></span></strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">7. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">8. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 14:30:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>「游戏×复杂科学」读书会第六期｜从反馈到涌现——老三论·新三论与游戏设计的设计史话</title>
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      <description>2026年5月12日（周二）晚上19:30-21:30线上直播分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-11 14:30</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
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  <p>2026年5月12日（周二）晚上19:30-21:30线上直播分享</p>
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center;visibility: visible;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7390625" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1280" data-height="946" data-backw="578" data-backh="427" data-imgfileid="100247468" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c74e13c5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHT6qnFSxuqiakkG48tPODPuIiaxoOzJGoTOhWmAfd57k8VsWEENVLvohUbrnLdWiaReGswjsPib38Xicm0MDfHBWIDKPShzQk52icRHA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">从《饥荒》的生存反馈，到《塞尔达》的玩法涌现，再到《维多利亚2》的社会模拟，越来越多的游戏不再只是“内容”与“关卡”的组合，而逐渐成为能够自组织、生长与演化的复杂系统。控制论、系统论、信息论，以及耗散结构、协同学与突变论等复杂科学思想，也正在深刻影响现代游戏设计。本期读书会将沿着“从反馈到涌现”的线索，重新理解游戏如何通过规则、信息与互动，生成秩序、行为与体验。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">集智俱乐部发起<a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247728313&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=71e7015c5507721fc755cce1337e599d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「游戏 × 复杂科学」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「游戏 × 复杂科学」读书会</a></span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">（2026 年 3 月 31 日起，每周二 19:30–21:30），邀请 AI、复杂系统与游戏设计领域的研究者与实践者，共同探讨：游戏如何启发科学？科学如何重塑游戏？我们是否生活在一个多主体演化系统之中？</span></span></strong></span></strong></p><p class="channels_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf=""><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_live_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-headimgurl="https://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/PdibpV1sFDHdC5AR6SqCNbOfwAEdPtWSb2Y5v1iaq3YTCocFBPFM1xzQ/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder" data-nickname="集智俱乐部" data-desc="将在05月12日 19:30 直播" data-type="live" data-intro="游戏×复杂科学读书会 第6期" data-noticeid="finderlivenotice-v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder-1778471437771367-784254182" data-status="0"></mp-common-videosnap></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></h2><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">读书会简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfa43" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">游戏之所以迷人，并不仅仅因为“好玩”，而在于它们往往像一个个微型复杂系统：规则、资源、信息与玩家行为在其中不断反馈、耦合，并最终涌现出难以完全预测的体验与秩序。从某种意义上说，现代游戏设计的发展，本身就是一部复杂科学思想不断进入数字世界的历史。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfv2e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本期读书会将以“从反馈到涌现”为主线，重新理解游戏设计背后的复杂科学机制。我们会发现，许多经典游戏其实都在以不同方式回答同一个问题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">简单规则如何生成复杂行为？</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1wke" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在《饥荒》中，饥饿、理智与体温构成相互嵌套的反馈回路，玩家并不是在“完成任务”，而是在一个持续失衡的系统中不断调节自身状态；</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="312" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="312" data-height="312" data-imgfileid="100247464" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ef184292&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTqgT5yp3x5YvLqYZshXOJmAHwicGaZZCU4IARiaeLtQkMOK4AhNrMHU4L4Z9zbPibnCQQ2XBVSJj9Pd1sOyCezIkY9fGSACvm9Cw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf35c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">《维多利亚2》通过人口（Pop）系统、经济循环与社会结构的耦合，让大量微观行为逐渐演化出宏观历史与社会秩序；</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="312" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="312" data-height="312" data-imgfileid="100247470" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9cb75926&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSvT7ZY6Ss4Zo4xw4SuL968IuqgR3MTib3Q3uictqII07XRGPtB8UNvcEFQdFS2oPNyia1N0v7tnjyicPwOwpZASOCr3VgF6A7q0NU%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf9oz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">《塞尔达》则通过少量物理与材质规则的组合，使玩法不再完全来自设计师预设，而是在玩家与系统互动中自然涌现。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5732044198895028" data-type="png" data-w="724" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="724" data-height="415" data-imgfileid="100247471" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d52e987d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSMojZVk31qs1pPCtnBiaLgpW0ddt7RYArDlmlXeth5SSelNS6Eaot3tXicADjpDuQQN8ZYwQL9tSzWjNJ4SqbBPRd67Myk4YAUY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfw76" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">与此同时，开放世界与沙盒游戏也越来越接近复杂系统中的“开放系统”：资源流动、玩家行为与环境变化持续交换能量与信息。如果缺乏耗散与循环，系统便会迅速陷入“热寂式无聊”；而一旦规则之间形成协同，游戏就会产生远超预期的自组织结构与长期活性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf138s" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">除了机制层面，本期还将进一步进入信息与叙事结构。为什么有些复杂系统“难而混乱”，有些却“复杂但可理解”？《巫师3》中的关键选择为何会带来强烈的“不可逆后果感”？存档与读档机制，又如何让玩家开始怀疑“决定论”与“唯一历史”的存在？</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.56" data-type="png" data-w="300" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="300" data-height="168" data-imgfileid="100247469" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=36843977&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSWX6TWxEYlEBabawxbRI2BKWqFBMtbyRsicaqxI8G0XqoxkicKQc6zYr7ekEMB1WJEiaic9A9LudJlxu30nfE8ja0D2ZaEeKa4TIY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf198r" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从控制论、系统论、信息论，到耗散结构、协同学与突变论，我们将沿着复杂科学的发展脉络，重新理解游戏设计中的反馈、演化与涌现，并尝试回答一个更深层的问题：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfrql" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">游戏中的秩序，究竟是被设计出来的，还是在玩家与系统的互动中逐渐生成的？</span></span></strong></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">分享大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfn8m" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">控制论与《饥荒》的反馈美学</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf24vq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统论与《维多利亚2》的宏观涌现</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1x66" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息论 × 模式语言：设计的“结构熵”</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1ssv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">耗散结构与开放世界</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf11qq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">协同学与《塞尔达》的涌现玩法</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf3wc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">突变论与《巫师3》的叙事相变</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1kcw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">路径依赖、存档机制与游戏哲学</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfi4g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Workshop：从理论到方法库</span></span></p></li></ul><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">核心概念</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hftdm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">控制论（Cybernetics）、系统论（Systems Theory）、信息论（Information Theory）、协同学（Synergetics）、突变论（Catastrophe Theory）、反馈回路、复杂系统、开放系统、自组织、相变、路径依赖、游戏机制、可玩性、Gameplay 涌现、复杂性美学（Aesthetics of Complexity）</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">主讲人介绍</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1920" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100247472" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ec0b52f7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTULtEmgdpJ5L2Rq607H9sCq3LnF1pcrYyPeBbsuR1acfkbVkbopftJhVuJSXGaNv2YlEryynlQNF79RR7dZfIYlb0qtDicrpAk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1oi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">FreyaWu，前游戏设计师，现OKeyOS CTO，AIGC艺术家。深耕游戏行业多年，曾核心负责千万 DAU 量级产品研发，参与主导项目斩获 iOS 榜单 Top10 佳绩，兼具游戏产品全链路策划经验与 AIGC 艺术创作能力。AIGC音乐人账号主页：<a href="https://163cn.tv/3gvcy5G" target="_blank">https://163cn.tv/3gvcy5G</a></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">阅读清单</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfl5w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">老三论入门</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfvy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Wiener, N. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. MIT Press, 1948.<a href="https://pattern.swarma.org/paper/0ab393f0-942f-11ee-966a-0242ac170008" target="_blank">https://pattern.swarma.org/paper/0ab393f0-942f-11ee-966a-0242ac170008</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:361px;height:203px;" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-imgfileid="100247473" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=66e05d50&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQoNUwV7D7GWwOichUvAwia3urJDQQlG8jTdUc8L81cREVWOQduZK7GriaeibtSEMyYaiaF3OBxiblIHAyqfIu3tiakafAxM2dpIE1jbA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1crr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Bertalanffy, L. von. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. George Braziller, 1968.<a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/about/General_System_Theory.html?id=N6-woQEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y" target="_blank">https://books.google.com.sg/books/about/General_System_Theory.html?id=N6-woQEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y</a></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.475" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247497" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2d63190b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHStOxXjY0jTtCCOtEicGWm70txroYzXuDyFoUejTTHRdFIQlhXVUggUVLIh9dZ5Y1rboshBohaAcrdULjibr5K4vM8kphtloTShM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="2"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfepv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Shannon, C. E., &amp; Weaver, W. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">The Mathematical Theory of Communication</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. University of Illinois Press, 1949.<a href="https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2383164_3/component/file_2383163/content" target="_blank">https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2383164_3/component/file_2383163/content</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.428" data-type="png" data-w="500" style="background-color: transparent;width: 214px;height: 306px;" data-width="500" data-height="714" data-imgfileid="100247475" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c4297ed4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSIf7bXaFVqoVPMl1KI2YUSTbAHMtDM1teHmm30yseJGxkod1mqarwVtXHZczuUhn9ZlF4GoWuHKGCHqEGg07ze6fUOJGbbicMk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf18gb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">新三论入门</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf54z" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Prigogine, I., &amp; Stengers, I. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Order Out of Chaos: Man’s New Dialogue with Nature</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. Bantam Books, 1984.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_Out_of_Chaos:_Man%27s_New_Dialogue_with_Nature" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_Out_of_Chaos:_Man%27s_New_Dialogue_with_Nature</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4766881028938907" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="2488" style="width: 100%;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="276" data-imgfileid="100247498" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9cf3f9d9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTlA0EStKWZBEYFvHpAPD7r2iawFjoiblfpvia2JLkTOkfjibpU3w7UibG1VXMQicZafsC2aDEFj70RfIdo5NqRJhYRW0sIwYMKqCQPk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="2"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1e2y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Haken, H. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Synergetics: Introduction and Advanced Topics</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. Springer, 2004.<a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-10184-1" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-10184-1</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.5151515151515151" data-type="png" data-w="330" style="background-color: transparent;width: 170px;height: 258px;" data-width="330" data-height="500" data-imgfileid="100247480" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=381e8432&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQNwc5fgAvv1P8nTFYIeeUyAe3VtXypsNYHicQYkKeO8iaOqSPgBG9En3yZ1iafxOo7yS8M8ekBkB6gDuBIlAOoxCKt9E4PUXBqqY%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="3"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfz2l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Thom, R. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Structural Stability and Morphogenesis</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. W. A. Benjamin, 1972.<a href="https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Thom-Structural-Stability-and-Morphogenesis.compressed.pdf" target="_blank">https://uberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Thom-Structural-Stability-and-Morphogenesis.compressed.pdf</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3425925925925926" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247499" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fdef3ddd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQiaZvZ5F1tXlM8sicvKwb1P3aQN6dyqNIzO1zROEfOTXCUve4r7tmqloSB9mjyyAlC4UmV07fPfnzH5VNibCfrnv6dLVMDnPMZ7A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfu3p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">游戏与复杂系统</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf260" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Salen, K., &amp; Zimmerman, E. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. MIT Press, 2003. <a href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262240451/rules-of-play/" target="_blank">https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262240451/rules-of-play/</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.42075623491552694" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="2486" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247501" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=001c9423&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSibWt0iaCxfCuU0jxfibYJTZg1usFKHV5ttNje2ZEAUkJocl4vv3sa3icQGuFSBibXOpvKU7qF5t1HcItN4iaYjQ9j3AaKtZC4tUX4I%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="2"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1v80" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Mitchell, M. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Complexity: A Guided Tour</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. Oxford University Press, 2009.<a href="https://home.iscte-iul.pt/~jmal/mcc/Complexity_-_A_Guided_Tour.pdf" target="_blank">https://home.iscte-iul.pt/~jmal/mcc/Complexity_-_A_Guided_Tour.pdf</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7065368567454798" data-type="png" data-w="719" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="719" data-height="508" data-imgfileid="100247487" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=00710f7b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQN9xSHDOmKSVs7OPyRJ6EndOOcLFtBMM7JuULPO2EkOg4MvFZgzo7nQ2ObGBzMpyKgzOKibNhmDCblibVKT8DY1VBWcbZiaWlkrE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="3"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1evj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Meadows, D. H. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Thinking in Systems: A Primer</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2008.<a href="https://research.fit.edu/media/site-specific/researchfitedu/coast-climate-adaptation-library/climate-communications/psychology-amp-behavior/Meadows-2008.-Thinking-in-Systems.pdf" target="_blank">https://research.fit.edu/media/site-specific/researchfitedu/coast-climate-adaptation-library/climate-communications/psychology-amp-behavior/Meadows-2008.-Thinking-in-Systems.pdf</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4665127020785219" data-type="png" data-w="1732" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="1732" data-height="808" data-imgfileid="100247488" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4e1c4bd0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSI43WA1iam54foVXRENYVCgLh9fiaVRjwmKo3sia7mkhAr2JRPoWoUeEeDCicsksb7buHyeNla7fOD3YrurqcwoKa09z1X7Glgiayo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfr4i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">游戏设计方法</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf242e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">认知硬币与钱包理论 (Cognitive Coins)——关联游戏案例：Feedhole Advance，提出将玩家认知视为有限“硬币”，利用操作惯例（如WASD）降低基础支出，将余额投入核心创新。YouTube链接：<a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Feedhole%20Advance" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Feedhole%20Advance</a></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2736318407960199" data-type="png" data-w="1608" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="1608" data-height="440" data-imgfileid="100247489" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=39b6f29d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSw5ZnyEbEM9cOv3p1PJdDSRD1G4xU7b6xiacd4G2QWhj9lVUuqFG0fF8UsMVAdQao3yPgGFdXS1zwtyLSaGIePx36abDS7xzrM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf19o4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">创新时机：遵循规范与打破规范——关联游戏案例：塔防类 Roguelike，阐述在战斗等基础区域遵循行业标准（如三槽位、满魔施法）以建立安全感，在核心机制处集中创新。网页链接：<a href="https://m.taptap.cn/games/roguelike%E5%A1%94%E9%98%B2%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E5%90%88%E9%9B%86-101424551927" target="_blank">https://m.taptap.cn/games/roguelike%E5%A1%94%E9%98%B2%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E5%90%88%E9%9B%86-101424551927</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1zql" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">组合谜题式单位放置系统——关联游戏案例：团队作战 (TFT)，将简单的单位摆放转化为“组合谜题”，通过角色间的社交或战斗契合度（Cohesion）直接影响战斗效能。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1kn1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">稳定性系统 (Stability System)——关联游戏案例：属性框、塔防，摒弃传统HP，用“稳定性”衡量异常状态。低稳定性会引发NPC行为改变及环境氛围异化，强化临场感。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1yk6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">风险与回报：选择性挑战——关联游戏案例：哈迪斯 (Hades)，分析玩家主动选择高难度挑战（如接受临时负面状态换取永久奖励）所带来的博弈快感。</span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="554" style="background-color: transparent;width: 280px;height: 280px;" data-width="554" data-height="554" data-imgfileid="100247492" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f4028c21&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRDbe7HUkwqiaQc2ngp2XdQALrH43jJtqz6m2NRlAa2COU77dmtvmZQjOmB3TUuT8xT3CGBskE0rVaiaXxoISCQTbHPSJu6cLSeM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="6"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfiqu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">事件驱动的风险博弈——关联游戏案例：杀戮尖塔 (StS)，探讨如何通过随机事件提供“高收益/高风险”选项，赋予玩家决定游戏进程走向的深度代理权。</span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1920" style="background-color: transparent;width: 413px;height: 232px;" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-imgfileid="100247493" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ab6774ec&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQrVjrgMdFgPwMo4VR5Bjz3TUicXeXrXlXT8U43Twx14QUgsiaRsfrqgteibbmwERic6LKk9glnEuN7eibWpEkSmhqcGBicRuVIJRtcA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="7"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf21nv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">元进度与城镇建设的锚点化——关联游戏案例：经营模拟类，通过可见的城镇基础建设替代抽象的数值天赋树，使百分比加成具备情感连接与视觉触感。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfx6c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂度门控 (Complexity Gating)——关联游戏案例：邪恶冥刻 (Inscryption)，初始阶段剥离非核心系统，随玩家技能增长逐步引入子系统，确保玩家与复杂度的自然共同成长。</span></span></p></li></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="312" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="312" data-height="312" data-imgfileid="100247490" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0a0775a7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTSCUP8OefrFUc6pA9QfibN96VrcqXmDtQANRicvnibNhiba84OubH7XwPY8CjsQ79ibImicyHpRZekC4tZqApX2FARUH1ABBWvXpdGM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="9"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf13rb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">单页设计文档 (One-page Designs)——关键游戏案例：Stone Librande 作品，提倡使用单页视觉化文档取代臃肿的Wiki和GDD，提高跨部门沟通的清晰度与设计共识。网页链接：<a href="https://www.gdcvault.com/search.php?search=Stone%20Librande" target="_blank">https://www.gdcvault.com/search.php?search=Stone%20Librande</a></span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5110533159947984" data-type="png" data-w="1538" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="1538" data-height="786" data-imgfileid="100247491" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7826831f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTAmX0gIw3SDgAAdYBNtibCfVFOWwlO72kR3NBib2Snc4gBDjVnn6CicqoL8ibKIKCpwXKSjMuk0s0Tzprk4UslhGTgRElPspjiaPgI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hfp1x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本次读书会整理了一些可以阅读与体验的材料，帮助大家从不同角度理解</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">游戏与复杂科学的交汇</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mp0ov5hf1z9s" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">阅读材料较长，为了更好的阅读体验，建议您前往集智斑图沉浸式阅读，并可收藏感兴趣的论文，我们也会持续更新阅读资料。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 209px;height: 209px;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100247494" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e9058c04&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQXrtdCZTicoxgdwFVR8Jk5c90Vaznibib9z2GZtFZEqM8Z5ospBw2HxxcHxibJG4WxpIVJibBIBAKw3uEvLicdNgEPIIvhaM1u8LuPw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">时间信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mnmhmt4cfli" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年5月12日</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（周二）晚上</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">19:30-21:30</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，</span></span><strong><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">腾讯会议线上</span></span></strong><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">进行，</span></span><strong><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">微信视频号+集智俱乐部B站号同步直播</span></span></strong><span leaf="" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，感兴趣的朋友扫码报名加入「游戏✖️复杂科学」读书会后，可进入学员群进行交流。</span></span></span></p><p class="channels_iframe_wrp" nodeleaf=""><mp-common-videosnap class="js_uneditable custom_select_card channels_live_iframe" data-pluginname="mpvideosnap" data-headimgurl="https://wx.qlogo.cn/finderhead/PdibpV1sFDHdC5AR6SqCNbOfwAEdPtWSb2Y5v1iaq3YTCocFBPFM1xzQ/0" data-username="v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder" data-nickname="集智俱乐部" data-desc="将在05月12日 19:30 直播" data-type="live" data-intro="游戏×复杂科学读书会 第6期" data-noticeid="finderlivenotice-v2_060000231003b20faec8c4e78d10c3d6cd04ef30b077c6436f3ed47f70be822497426f6452dd@finder-1778471437771367-784254182" data-status="0"></mp-common-videosnap></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名读书会：「游戏×复杂科学」读书会</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfd3r" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">集智俱乐部发起</span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247728313&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=71e7015c5507721fc755cce1337e599d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「游戏 × 复杂科学」读书会" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);text-decoration: underline;">「游戏 × 复杂科学」读书会</span></a><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（2026 年 3 月 31 日起，每周二 19:30–21:30），邀请 AI、复杂系统与游戏设计领域的研究者与实践者，共同探讨：</span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfdj1h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">游戏如何启发科学？</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfd18eq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">科学如何重塑游戏？</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfds8p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们是否生活在一个多主体演化系统之中？</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfd22ld" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们将从规则生成复杂性出发，延伸到系统设计、程序化生成与 AI 世界构建，结合博弈论与多智能体理解群体行为与社会结构，并从机制、信息与演化角度分析玩家体验。最终回到哲学层面，思考规则、涌现与游戏人“行动力”的归属，以及游戏与现实的关系。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="3.0324074074074074" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;" data-width="1080" data-height="3275" data-imgfileid="100245427" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=dc4baed4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSoHUR4M0RSPc8NlYfTib76M4OzNUjqn49cS1iceatJPjb6lUesQU0vRfOP83Cf45PKMt4ntR89xYpkITaNCNLQsYwl53iaPmPj90%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfdgsh" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);">报名方式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfdz7p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一步：微信扫码填写报名信息。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 172px;height: 172px;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100244895" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=459ddb72&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSqbt56sJ310HLA6uLga6FmJqcHiaZoiaUbMhewlibwCQ5Mic71U51Fe5XY9cJXGKD2cicGLqvOKr844n3mIicaTiaexo98xF1SBrj5T8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfdh3t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="mn6xj8ua1tsm"><span leaf="">（扫码报名）</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfd1dbq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二步：填写信息后，付费报名。如需用支付宝支付，请在PC端进入读书会页面报名支付：</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfdb0v" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三步：添加运营助理微信，拉入对应主题的读书会社区（微信群）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfd1ctu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">PS：为确保专业性和讨论的聚焦，本读书会谢绝脱离读书会主题的哲学和思辨式讨论；如果出现讨论内容不符合要求、经提醒无效者，会被移除群聊并对未参与部分退费。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfd1zvj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);">加入社区后可获得的资源</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn6x4dfd1ei2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">完整权限包括：线上问答、录播回看、资料共享、社群交流、信息同步、共创任务获取积分等。</span></span></p><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5472222222222223" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1080" data-height="591" data-backw="562" data-backh="308" data-imgfileid="100244896" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2a21027c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTpHkUc9v1g7J7r5yQc11MBwD9rU3jkd8Bbia4gjCBPf0L5IbibrIplSMp7fGbnybrrxWlgH7o4kiadZhoYJ0L32mhW2o26w5EGC8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击“阅读原文”，报名读书会</span></span></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>


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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 14:30:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>信息聚合、能力涌现与驾驭工程：大语言模型三十年技术演进</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731058&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=a133c2136fdcd379c5c0cf205d3283c2</link>
      <description>集智学园张江老师主讲《面向复杂系统的人工智能》内容整理</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>张江</span> <span>2026-05-10 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8c180c1b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSXvklNuZaQ4OImcObhsbicBnhQ4wT6owYDh80SBRvURMduMuFjNoZR5TdvhhMcl7biasv1TcxkKcsfocNLGhBBzFDOBfGO1uOao%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>集智学园张江老师主讲《面向复杂系统的人工智能》内容整理</p>
  <div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us"><div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6777777777777778" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="1416" data-height="960" data-backw="578" data-backh="392" data-imgfileid="100247291" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=86d238d5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQC3MC2bJd8iciasPESlaNoFaJJHC4DdpU659GrVLjvD4JgLJe5KXAKh3sMutabPYwhcBLJeAPYlkOhV9b6qmEPhPwicF5nhf2Va8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">从n-gram的统计预测到Transformer的注意力机制，从GPT的上下文学习到RLHF与GRPO对齐，再到AI Agent与Harness工程范式的兴起，大语言模型正在完成从“生成文本”到“理解世界并执行任务”的跃迁。本文系统梳理这一技术演进主线，揭示AI能力涌现背后的核心机制：信息如何被聚合、表示与调度，以及人类如何一步步从“提示模型”走向“驾驭系统”。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：大语言模型、Transformer、注意力机制、预训练、上下文学习、RLHF、GRPO、涌现能力、Scaling Law、思维链、AI Agent、Harness工程、信息聚合、模型对齐</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">付雯欣<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨整理</span></span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;data-mpa-powered-by&#34;:&#34;yiban.io&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: right;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">张江<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨讲者</span></span></p></div><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">引言</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1zwj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年的春天，AI圈子的热词几乎在以周为单位更迭：Skills、MCP、OpenClaw、Harness、Hermes Agent……对AI感兴趣的所有人都狠狠体验了一把“学完你的学你的”。这股热潮，像极了2010年左右移动互联网初期的“App爆炸”。那时，每天都有无数个应用诞生，也有无数个应用迅速被人遗忘。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1crd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">回头看，那场“App爆炸”最后留下了什么？表面上看，是微信、美团、抖音这些超级应用。但更深层的或许是：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">它重构了信息传递的方向和方式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——从PC时代的“人找信息”，变成了移动互联网时代的“信息找人”（推送）和“人随人走”（社交媒体）。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1ogi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">那么，这场令人应接不暇的AI浪潮背后是什么？或许它在告诉我们，一个更本质的变化正在发生：AI正在从“预测”走向“行动”。 语言模型最初只是预测下一个词，现在它可以调用搜索引擎、执行代码、操控浏览器、根据反馈修正策略。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdymja" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从被动的文本生成器，到主动的任务执行者，这背后是一整套架构的演变，北京师范大学系统科学学院教授、集智俱乐部创始人张江老师在《面向复杂系统的人工智能》课程第七讲中将其拆解为：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Transformer让信息聚合变得动态灵活，GPT用预训练撬动了通用能力，RLHF让模型的行为与人类意图对齐，推理打开了“思考深度”这个新维度，而从Prompt到Harness的工程范式演进，则在重新定义人类如何驾驭这个日益强大的智能引擎。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyv54" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">下文将沿着这条完整的线索，解码大语言模型的技术内核与演变路径。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">一、语言模型的五次跳跃：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">从数词频到理解世界</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1k71" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">语言模型的核心任务从未改变——给定前面的词，预测下一个词。用概率语言表达，就是建模条件概率分布：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12806539509536785" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="734" style="width: 167px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247341" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=22932d85&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTpLuxx5OKb4NKTcy0ibiapFVpTo8icDWkNm49eAoK6SAQDGZYgUGdQIxpfxZBNgicOcDUVdMUR8L6PXOUJUIJTakalyxaUZtDdOP8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyvek" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">整个句子的概率可以用链式法则展开：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.16666666666666666" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 250px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247342" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=47198fa4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTb0Fxw6sCibibHBZXKLAY6qGwH0VZqGeCn6EetNR3JLm6V6uzBcrhUJMIu4JCvsKwWh2eJFbCs8AlUWO1icZXnJoZUgKbRYPtnmU%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyyt1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">四十年来，围绕如何得到这个条件概率，语言模型经历了五次质的跳跃，每一次突破背后都是底层范式的彻底切换。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy13m1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一阶段：统计语言模型（1990s-2006）。</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy12cz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中最有名的n-gram模型假设当前词只依赖前</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;c54e4cbf-f51f-4ba1-99c7-403f1eea8cca&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;n-1&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">n-1</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个词[1-3]，将条件概率简化为：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 332px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247343" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d8a58223&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQQPzskVAtIknhia4iaykicCZbSaicKxKnb6ITbLfQOe6VT3oSANbqbBI18l3mmE7EtUJfTicQIwAmZGLocMzKz5CsAf05zOVd7hzW0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1e2u" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其概率通过语料库中的频率统计进行估计：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1425925925925926" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 293px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247344" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=db3f0964&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSwEuPkl3Mvia2EmpDuDwxH0kHLQfOHaf1drcco3DAKJR2MVBEm87YRD3XeOkOndbic2iaqjFGOjBEjO5icOr9yT4dRXhUl5eDcsp4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1z98" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如果紧跟在“我想吃”这个词后的词语中，“苹果”出现了200次，而“飞机”出现了3次，那模型就会预测“我想吃”的下一个词是“苹果”。这种方法简单、直观，在语音识别和机器翻译中被使用了近二十年。但它有一个致命问题，那就是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维度爆炸</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。如果词表大小为V</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，n-gram模型需要存储</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a3819496-cba5-4eb5-9a4b-09841b4b7c05&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;V^n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy38abusq8" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">V</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy38ab81i7u"><span leaf="">n</span></sup></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个条件概率。当</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;1ed24455-7b4d-459e-8091-9585bfbfc8f4&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;V=50000，\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">V=50000，n=5</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">时，这个数字会达到</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;3c4e997e-66c3-4a34-b12c-cd0258618b44&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;50000^5 \\approx 3 \\times 10^{23}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy39kro26c" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">50000</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy39kr1hzl"><span leaf="">5</span></sup><span data-mpa-action-id="moy39smt1hgp" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">≈<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 3</span>×<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">10</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy39sm96go"><span leaf="">23</span></sup></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，这是一个非常大的数字，而且耗费如此大的精力去存储它未必能得到最好的结果。今天回看，这已是“古董级”技术，但它也让我们明白：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">语言模型的本质是概率预测。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1n0z" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二阶段：词向量与神经语言模型（2003-2017）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">学术界很快发现，词向量空间过大，且one-hot编码难以表示词语间的相似性，并提出使用词嵌入（word embedding）方法来解决n-gram的数据稀疏问题[4]。 2013年，Mikolov等人发表了著名的Word2Vec论文[5]。其核心思想是：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">把每个词映射到一个低维向量空间</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;36188835-c201-416e-85cf-cf3600ec2f81&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbb{R}^d&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9333333333333333" data-type="jpeg" data-w="120" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 24px;height: auto !important;" data-width="68px" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qlogo.cn/mmbiz_png/qZtAVROIcHRDT71m5WuxITffgeOF0FWGsedNEwIWpyQH5zYp3wNJcxCx0ue6DdgsIwwuLU90nTDqCGN9H2RsXpNqfY7we2l3w0okeBRCqtg/0?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="220" data-cropx2="340" data-cropy2="109.99999999999999" data-imgfileid="100247347" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2c79f07e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSyqpzZvialw2JsEFTCtrhicF0uD5DACoovIpI4j7ibuQENuUJHF92BJnEmwPSIjRL84a208SJPsMoxicF0md78PTibzs3R3A5SAtVA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">里，让语义相近的词在空间中靠近，如图1所示。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 每个词w</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">被表示为一个d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维向量</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;232b89da-8008-4380-8e26-a7b2aa5e66d5&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{v}_w \\in \\mathbb{R}^d\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.32941176470588235" data-type="png" data-w="340" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 68px;height: auto !important;" width="68" data-width="68px" data-imgfileid="100247346" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b0361fe0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR8l5ic8duI0nux5ON2JACPcHAqia5zpfDNnx4xRaOgeqEGvrG8eficNavK6ZjiaPkIbibRvpBPcH9R9naTQAYtgRQkeOicxkfCX4dZ4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，通过训练使得经常共同出现的词的向量余弦相似度更高：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1962962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 222px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247345" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e9112242&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRfUm87tjne8fsWq2iaKT5X6xAUT6Ql1vuuuMRXoQ58D7kqiaFk58vpfcZZcT8BglpXCLiaa3y4icMfH5SB56uu24EfQu0VNLibfKkg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.0084745762711864" data-type="png" data-w="590" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="590" data-height="595" data-imgfileid="100247289" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=23e988d4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQrWCXyA8s8KkS2joefgjfdAcTlyMWJ26kCzhekjEFuXYBXSGaaUooMmhdkZGnb03Of6xh8tiajr4EN7eOxH9G3l20icBmKv79fI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy3dtse1mgo" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy3dtsv16y1" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1：词向量空间中，语义相近的词距离更近</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy6fm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“国王-男人+女人≈王后”这个著名的例子，可以用向量运算表达为：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07474747474747474" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="990" style="width: 266px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247349" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8c3349b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSsYkLTmKBZiabLzHvx7vQXJcyRfrXyAeprP5KQUa71Bwcic00Mrc3zKaic0ScicX3BibDBJNaC8tias5LicYf8D3ice9B2NlbicFVkCPNo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdytnz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">由于把词向量降到了低维连续空间，语义关系变成了可计算的几何关系。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdycna" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Word2Vec论文的作者Mikolov还将LSTM首次大规模应用于统计语言模型，在语音识别任务上将困惑度大幅降低，超越了n-gram，并直接启发了后续的ELMo、GPT等模型[6]。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy21w2" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三阶段：预训练语言模型（2018-2020）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 2018年，Google发布BERT，OpenAI发布GPT-1。两者都基于Transformer架构，但走了不同的路：BERT用双向编码器做掩码语言建模（类似于“完形填空”），GPT用单向解码器做自回归生成（类似于“接龙”）。共同点是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">预训练-微调范式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：先在海量无标注文本上学习通用知识，再在具体任务上微调。这实现了</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一个模型适配多领域任务</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，NLP领域几乎所有任务的最优成绩在一年内被全面刷新。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy5ik" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第四阶段：大语言模型爆发（2020-2024）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> GPT-3（1750亿参数）的出现标志着新阶段。参数的暴力堆叠带来了出乎意料的结果：模型可以仅通过在输入提示（prompt）中提供的示例（demonstrations）来“即时”学习并执行新任务，而不更新模型权重或参数 ，也不需要传统的微调过程，这就是“上下文学习”。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1tec" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">上下文学习（In-context Learning）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 是大语言模型区别于传统机器学习的最显著特征。如图2所示，给ChatGPT输入“Delicious food→Positive，The food is awful→Negative，Good Meal→？”，它会输出“Positive”，它没有经历过微调，仅从上下文的几个例子就归纳出了规则并输出了正确的结果。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1jka" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大语言模型是怎么做到的呢？2023年的一系列理论工作揭示了一个深刻的联系：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Transformer的上下文学习，在数学上等价于隐式的梯度下降。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 考虑一个简化的单层线性注意力模型。给定n</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个示例</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;07792697-ffcf-4bc5-95f6-c118e887feec&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;(x_i, y_i)&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy3ip0zjuv" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(x</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy3ip0g1o1g"><span leaf="">i</span></sub><span data-mpa-action-id="moy3ixrtgly" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">, y</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy3ixra1fqt"><span leaf="">i</span></sub><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">作为上下文，以及一个查询</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;ffac1934-1374-4dcd-ac0c-1df9a8be8607&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;x_{\\text{query}}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybxhvl22rk" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">x</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybxhv8mi8"><span leaf="">query</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，模型的前向传播可以写成：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.19166666666666668" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 287px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247350" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7c532cce&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRibmtF6TYhUVkV3buCgtElSczy9Y7Soia95wVtR3bHw0sxaRicZrqd9dnb49jd9T0XFgMtV9ib2sv3ficNDAdOcqD2Cog8GFiaYKibIk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy209k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;b5241758-64b6-4376-bf1f-eeb829e02b82&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{W} = \\sum_{i=1}^{n} y_i x_i^\\top&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.48" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 49px;height: auto !important;" width="49" data-width="49px" data-imgfileid="100247351" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=77bd1719&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTmw2KXicxRDkAicWZag3AliaKOSCceomrnSeXHJGEGqy1sbG8h7AukVKOdl7GmFRoAEwy3g1KdwF4Qo58f9RVESxGq9SCVIcib7BI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这恰好等价于在</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;3e307258-5231-4b8e-bd1c-285a7ca3d7af&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{W}_0 = 0&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy3ja90ux" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">W</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy3ja8f37k"><span leaf="">0</span></sub><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = 0</span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的初始化下，对线性回归损失</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;ad203303-fbd3-47c2-8bed-844a478af2f4&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathcal{L} = \\sum_i \\|y_i - \\mathbf{W}x_i\\|^2\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2550335570469799" data-type="png" data-w="596" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 98px;height: auto !important;" width="98" data-width="98px" data-imgfileid="100247352" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c38d6f16&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRmq0Qib769vxwF78y6PNjDL9E7dfZ2AOl0uW8FFsZVsm1s9AyUHsuJKK59gg88MyG2GpPu9VFd1oXanXe3870lYovehzrofJgk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">做一步梯度下降所得到的权重矩阵[7-8]。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4935185185185185" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="1362" data-height="672" data-backw="562" data-backh="277" data-imgfileid="100247290" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a1797435&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQCOZia74HA9lxNcgjLyPR2IcdHHBJxLJ4DZe0RibGsHTiaYUlGfZKVQqicYVeiazd1uoLic9B1pGNV4Jfv0L2lTGicEMyJaP4YHiaYOU8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy4c7332j" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy4c73g1n4j" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图2：上下文学习的核心机制：不更新模型参数，仅通过提供几个示例演示作为模板，让大语言模型类比学习并执行新任务。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy228n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">换句话说，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">少量示例就可以“诱导”模型表现出类似于经过训练后的行为，模型似乎学会了“学习”本身。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy38i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">更令人惊讶的是，这种能力在小模型上几乎不存在，它是在参数规模跨过某个临界值后“涌现”的结果。到了GPT-4，大模型开始展现AGI的雏形，这也引发了一个哲学层面的问题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当一个模型仅通过预测下一个词就能通过律师考试、写出可运行的代码，“理解”和“模仿”的界限在哪里？模型能否突破“鹦鹉学舌”，学习到语言的因果律？</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyxhb" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第五阶段：多模态融合与智能体（2024-至今）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 语言不再是大模型唯一接受的输入方式，图像、语音、视频被统一到同一套表示框架里。同时，大模型通过工具调用和环境交互，开始走向智能体，可以自主判断每一步需要做什么并调用工具执行任务。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyrvp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">图3对近三十年语言模型的发展做了一个总结。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5166666666666667" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="1320" data-height="682" data-backw="562" data-backh="290" data-imgfileid="100247288" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b0d44110&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSrbBzrHo5UOMseS3vd4ROHBbP7gZSic0vyKUqtvUY8RZEo9DRPWE1D4TdueUcYlQaHtmUtIHQYYUtlxmLvPQfYaMa5movGIaJI%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy4ch2r1v1l" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy4ch32mrw" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图3：语言模型的五个阶段：从统计模型到智能体</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">二、Transformer：注意力是如何工作的</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy20vh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2017年，Google的研究团队发表了那篇后来被引用超过十万次的论文《Attention Is All You Need》[9]。近十年过去了，这篇论文提出的注意力机制，已经从一个自然语言处理的局部创新，变成了整个AI领域的基础设施，GPT系列、BERT、Stable Diffusion的图像生成、AlphaFold2的蛋白质结构预测等耳熟能详的AI名词均建立在此基础上。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1xez" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">市面上讲Transformer的材料已经太多：Q、K、V、多头注意力、残差连接、位置编码……公式严密，但容易让人“知其然，不知其所以然”。我们换一个更本质的问题来追问：从全连接到卷积，从图神经网络到Transformer，这些模型架构到底在进化什么？</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1y0r" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">答案是：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息聚合的方式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyhy8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">沿着这条“信息聚合”的线索，语言模型的发展脉络会变得异常清晰：从固定的全连接，到局部的卷积，到预设的图网络，最终到达现在的动态、上下文驱动、全互联的注意力机制，模型可能越改越复杂，数据量和参数量可能越来越大，但最本质的变化是“信息聚合的建模方式越来越贴近现实世界”。</span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy3mh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.1 一个信息聚合问题</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1dw5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在解释注意力机制之前，先思考一个更一般的问题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">神经网络的核心操作是什么？</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1xmh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">答案是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息聚合</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——每个节点需要从其他节点收集信息，更新自己的表示。不同架构用不同的聚合策略：</span></span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy24u" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">全连接网络</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：每个节点跟所有节点交互，信息充分但参数量爆炸。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy2051" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">卷积网络（CNN）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：如图4所示，卷积网络注重局部邻域交互，利用空间局部性，但表现亦有限。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyxv4" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">循环网络（RNN/LSTM）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：信息沿序列方向逐步传递，能处理变长序列，但串行瓶颈锁死效率。</span></span></span></p></li><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"></ul></ul><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.42777777777777776" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="1249" data-height="534" data-imgfileid="100247287" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=55879831&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQPNrUZIIEBVJkrk7TzRVz6nJUpl9zNTLBTuY9qXNvn08tHia5Fq21bviciabAA8fpsHptsZ4gCIozoOI21pZkooFazEEr2vmrUUA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy4ddoqciu" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy4ddpe17zn" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图4：卷积网络可视作将局域信息进行聚合的过程</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyjl" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">注意力机制的本质，是一种动态的、数据驱动的信息聚合方式。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 它让每个节点根据当前的内容，自主决定应该关注谁、关注多少。而且至关重要的是，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">它可以完全并行计算</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyrch" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.2 从连边预测到注意力：Q、K、V的由来</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyn1g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理解注意力机制的最好方式，是聚焦一个基本的问题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息该怎么在词与词之间流动？</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1kc0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">把N</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个词看作图上的把N</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个节点，最直接的做法是给每两个词之间连一条带权重的边，用一个</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;392b64f2-8e25-4180-af85-31609af2e515&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;N \\times N&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">N </span>×<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> N</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的矩阵</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a8aa45d5-098e-48da-8594-ba8de80b552d&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{A}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">A</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">描述所有连接强度，</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a63f2524-c0ed-4316-b0ac-7b07fa50ba2d&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{A}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">A</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">就是词之间信息流动的方式（投影），每个词的新表示就是所有词的旧表示按权重加权求和：</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">H&#39;</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = </span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">AH</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy21xh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">问题是：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这个</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;8f1aec4f-dd4f-44dd-805f-22f8aaafd5f7&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;N \\times N&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1kc0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;392b64f2-8e25-4180-af85-31609af2e515&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;N \\times N&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdy1kc0&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;392b64f2-8e25-4180-af85-31609af2e515\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;N \\\\times N\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">N </span>×<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> N</span></span></span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的矩阵太大了。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 当</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;c1070cba-4bd8-43bc-aa82-1bb802d09baf&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;N = 4096&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">N = 4096</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">时，</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;ae9d1838-f6e1-4f72-9416-506ca8af23c7&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{A}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">A</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有近1700万个元素，而且序列长度一变，矩阵维度也会变。我们想要的是一个动态的、随输入内容变化的连接权重，直接存储</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;caa379cf-07d2-4ec2-96e0-3985e8ca3b7f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{A}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">A</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">既不经济也不灵活。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy69x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们可以换一个思路：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不存储这个矩阵，只在需要的时候临时算出来。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 这就变成了一个连边预测问题：给定两个节点的特征，预测它们之间的连接强度。最自然的预测方式是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">向量内积</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：方向一致（语义相关）则内积大、连边强，方向正交则连边弱。整个权重矩阵直接算出来：</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e0e0d731-9e17-4787-a236-8f3f0decb326&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{A} = \\mathbf{H}\\mathbf{H}^\\top&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy4mqhb19ms" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">A</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = </span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">HH</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="moy4mqgm15zk"><span leaf="">T</span></sup></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这样不需要额外参数，且天然适应任意序列长度。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1qh8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但若同一个向量既做“发出查询”又做“被查询”，其表达能力是有限的。例如，“it”在做指代消解时，需要表达“我在找一个名词”；“cat”被查询时，需要呈现“我是一个动物名词”。两种角色混用同一个向量，信息会打架。一个自然的解决方案是将两者分离——</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">用不同的线性变换把同一个输入映射到不同的语义空间，如图5所示，Q、K、V正是这种建模视角下的信息表示方式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1jb7" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Query = “我在找什么”</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;1dd7075d-ed78-45f6-bc31-bc56d8471496&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{Q} = \\mathbf{X}\\mathbf{W}^Q&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy4nlf21ftg" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">Q</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = </span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">XW</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="moy4nlek1eb"><span leaf="">Q</span></sup></span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy16zq" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Key = “我有什么可以被找到”</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;37156d35-45b7-480b-b6a0-6209f7f8a45a&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{K} = \\mathbf{X}\\mathbf{W}^K&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy4oh0r1zx9" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">K</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = </span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">XW</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="moy4oh031c95"><span leaf="">K</span></sup></span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyabw" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Value = “找到我之后能提供什么”</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;679e1476-3e7b-46d6-be59-7b3fd9780903&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{V} = \\mathbf{X}\\mathbf{W}^V&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy4p1qryy5" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">V</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = </span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">XW</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: normal;" mpa-font-style="moy4p1q31fr6"><span leaf="">V</span></sup></span></span></span></p></li><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"></ul></ul><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7321652065081352" data-type="png" data-w="799" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="799" data-height="585" data-imgfileid="100247292" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=16f5927e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTnwloslWibtPxybJfFff39lQpflZCU7FqkPSoPhSzcmgK0icXeFbUnHDoH08xicp8oRcPlb17vPsfb28Z1TZYdF9xzWsXdo0E3ibA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy4rgw3x2t" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy4rgwp1qnq" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5：注意力机制本质上是把词间关系建模为动态连边预测问题：用 Query 与 Key 的内积预测任意两词之间的连接强度，再以此权重对 Value 进行加权聚合，从而完成词间的信息流动。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy16yp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">连边预测从</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;66613d86-9b5f-4c75-a11b-c169fc8a6e50&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{h}_i^\\top \\mathbf{h}_j&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.581081081081081" data-type="png" data-w="148" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 32px;height: auto !important;" width="32" data-width="32px" data-imgfileid="100247353" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f300bd3f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSnu3kVUF84CFst5pfSdO4WLv72m0aGf02q5EG2QX9WIJmhw2oDWfgqnILf7J6GXjpWFdM4gqoZ4jLlZYuciaHicFyiaymjnVcac8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">变成了</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e2482fbc-b75c-488c-a1cb-b44ba46312ca&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{q}_i^\\top \\mathbf{k}_j&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6086956521739131" data-type="png" data-w="138" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 33px;height: auto !important;" width="33" data-width="33px" data-imgfileid="100247354" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=71c26711&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQkVucaaA6vX6W41E2zZurqla1W7NJ0eZOicxwP0xZHhVGibMPruuz6ibysVibZKhcfXQf4doHxcfvez5vyz0d2N6bA1FKYBzdrhsE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，而Value的引入进一步解耦了“用什么计算相关性”和“传递什么信息”。把这些组合起来，就得到了缩放点积注意力。给定输入序列</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;7c2efa81-464b-493e-8a5e-d0c275c37ffd&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{X} \\in \\mathbb{R}^{N \\times d}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.24489795918367346" data-type="png" data-w="294" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 77px;height: auto !important;" width="77" data-width="77px" data-imgfileid="100247355" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=87c6006f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTKVV7E3msRxGfzyjice3xvjvVPzqANLwXU6unIib08OuntG08M7sQdNsXyqnkeAQ10mzAnvMtYib2mNMPkjvLa4rWKWbfrStyZEs%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（N</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个词，每个词d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维表示）：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.14814814814814814" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 277px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247356" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0546b27a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTsHibiaOpt6jpoV4xe4oqBOnpBkxJfw2XBzwvl0DrN3NCicUXLI7YRO3hctZTMW4cvjibEfibiaiaXLulH4sef52VMTT7SFmLKkvia2uE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy115i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从网络科学的角度看，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">注意力机制的本质，更像是一种参数高效的、内容自适应的连边预测方案</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——用</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a97b6812-84f3-4ce6-b602-06ebfcf154cc&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;O(d^2)&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy4vdqlptz" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">O(d</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy4vdpx1w6m"><span leaf="">2</span></sup><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的投影参数替代了</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a6e00220-819f-4a08-acdf-28fe398dfbdb&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;O(N^2)&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy4vk7016ch" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">O(N</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy4vk5n1gsv"><span leaf="">2</span></sup><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的显式连接矩阵，同时获得了动态性和泛化性。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1q9i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">逐步拆解这个公式：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy8du" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一步：</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;087991d2-49a0-4478-838b-4e04689da2cc&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{Q}\\mathbf{K}^\\top \\in \\mathbb{R}^{N \\times N}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.20710059171597633" data-type="png" data-w="338" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 90px;height: auto !important;" width="90" data-width="90px" data-imgfileid="100247357" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=25f5eb5c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRorKCuVh4eYFoEicn5XxibicmEst1AsAeibkU1J5OrI6RYVP3l12uqnAexzzZLD1YfVB6q3zUbxoCSq8fNDyWqib2uvIOVESLiaABEk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 这是一个</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;8c689ff8-3334-42c9-b7c8-3d5e2c6b4f9d&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;N \\times N&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">N </span>× <span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">N</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的注意力分数矩阵，第</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;5b0068bd-54c6-48d8-84b7-99343fa41fed&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;(i,j)&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(i,j)</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个元素</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e9f8789b-331e-4f2c-a6f9-2c21337aa2c2&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;q_i^\\top k_j&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6825396825396826" data-type="png" data-w="126" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 28px;height: auto !important;" width="28" data-width="28px" data-imgfileid="100247359" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c578ba32&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHT0mTlG8T2PQcHn2Tgngbmx96mGibjSESLSW5wktdLv7OpT472arJsjU4BTfJQSsGyfM5ibuFD6DUnsDYicywbNmruiaI8CDOD0kpo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">衡量的是第i</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个词对第j</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个词的关注程度。从几何角度看，这就是Query向量和Key向量的点积——两个向量方向越一致，点积越大，语义相关性越高。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy5gd" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二步：除以</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;aadd76af-fc10-4683-8df7-a26061e3c9a6&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\sqrt{d_k}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6574074074074074" data-type="png" data-w="216" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 31px;height: auto !important;" width="31" data-width="31px" data-imgfileid="100247360" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=630bde19&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR1pjSJbQPSXGQDgm3jXw3keabXz0KNPeDhPzagVCyLDxIZ4CQvBGRfDMiaEZJ2aYm6jkpG2VKgUJ8yK7PutWqHezKwqiaz5Rjwc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 当</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;099bb8e6-43bb-40cb-8d1a-cbd78fe07d3f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;d_k&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy50k7nwz7" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">d</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy50k751co4"><span leaf="">k</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">很大时，点积的方差与</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;dc35cce6-1335-42f1-a227-0d47d777ddc3&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;d_k\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy50tncnyg" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">d</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy50tmmmsu"><span leaf="">k</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">成正比。假设q</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和k</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的每个分量独立且均值为0、方差为1，则</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;88db4160-723c-44ae-a3ce-7891aec30387&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;q^\\top k\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7123287671232876" data-type="png" data-w="146" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 29px;height: auto !important;" width="29" data-width="29px" data-imgfileid="100247361" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=47af9d51&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTk4BYLG2HuKskSSSACseIibggUsJGNlNgo6p2x27IKdZSKb47odEMryicq0Ns7MPMYLsLtK2oKVqibo9Uuras439cb6xhBT0kQvU%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的方差为</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;41aadd12-09ba-4ad0-83fc-18b2f4b3314a&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;d_k&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy5gd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;dc35cce6-1335-42f1-a227-0d47d777ddc3&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;d_k\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy50tncnyg" data-pm-slice="2 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdy5gd&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;dc35cce6-1335-42f1-a227-0d47d777ddc3\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;d_k\\n\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">d</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy50tmmmsu"><span leaf="">k</span></sub></span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。如果不做缩放，点积值会很大，Softmax输出接近one-hot分布，梯度趋近于零。除以</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;3a9af653-3101-4ad8-b53d-fc75021350e8&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\sqrt{d_k}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy5gd" style="font-size: 15px;" data-pm-slice="3 4 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;aadd76af-fc10-4683-8df7-a26061e3c9a6&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\sqrt{d_k}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6574074074074074" data-type="png" data-w="216" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 31px;height: auto !important;" width="31" data-width="31px" data-imgfileid="100247360" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=630bde19&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR1pjSJbQPSXGQDgm3jXw3keabXz0KNPeDhPzagVCyLDxIZ4CQvBGRfDMiaEZJ2aYm6jkpG2VKgUJ8yK7PutWqHezKwqiaz5Rjwc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">将方差拉回1，保证Softmax在有效区间内工作。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1gbf" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三步：Softmax归一化。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 将分数转化为概率分布：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2593320235756385" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1018" style="width: 185px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247362" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72bb1be3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTRkAzRWkbDZ7HKuHLw6CTy3PaaDHzhcwKGJwGrV0d5muiciaKxtZqCI7Sw2zWCsia3p63GM5moGuKgCyOMBibzuc8Ic96dG18LzF0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1jpe" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">每一行的注意力权重之和为1，形成一个概率分布。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdyyym" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第四步：加权求和。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 第i</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个位置的输出是所有Value向量的加权平均：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3858695652173913" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="736" style="width: 116px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247363" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6ce6c8c7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRCibj5TEEsQGMJUDxHultOKHMDLGphmwTygqyzAPcHmvwhhctE2dodE5h4LGzyu2GE6Rh82b48BElFKhHZ9iag9YLJtJufVxau8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1duq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从几何角度看，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">注意力机制在序列上动态构造了一个有向的、加权的信息网络。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 每个词根据语义相关性，从其他所有词那里汲取信息。“The cat sat on the mat because it was tired”——当处理“it”这个词时，注意力权重</span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: start;text-indent: 28px;text-transform: none;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration: none;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy55gtxnaz" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy55guv1kdx" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">α</span></span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e72bd105-d958-4db3-a3d6-bb171745737f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\alpha_{\\text{it}, \\text{cat}}\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy561wm15jk" data-mpa-action-id="moy561x71ev8" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">it, cat</span></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">应当远大于</span></span><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1duq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: start;text-indent: 28px;text-transform: none;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration: none;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy55gtxnaz" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy55guv1kdx" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdy1duq&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 28px; text-transform: none;  widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; display: inline !important; float: none;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">α</span></span></span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;f7997a41-7f01-468e-a074-d3ae5cc5f2dc&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\alpha_{\\text{it}, \\text{mat}}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy55z9uoek" data-mpa-action-id="moy55zcy8bp" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">it, mat</span></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，从而正确解析指代关系。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1o2k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.3 多头注意力：同时关注多种关系</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdy1wvp" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一个注意力头只能学习一种关注模式，但语言中的关系是多元的，如图6所示，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">多头注意力（Multi-head Attention）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 让模型同时学习多种不同的关注模式：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6645807259073843" data-type="png" data-w="799" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="799" data-height="531" data-imgfileid="100247294" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d7bbf878&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTwIHicDaqKyN2btkDjAQAa2HkmKIt0UEticc14krh89fgE2DzGQSqeg8skOLwFYRQdduXgPcjrOC7jxA7hricbmxbjicYJMvZIKxg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy56e9mjy0" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy56e9vdla" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图6：多头注意力机制中，每个头的关注不同</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.05648148148148148" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 305px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247364" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ccd2ba6e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS3nVUXRdhJANyLoDOC4dS8HYpdwBm6yNQw77BdSznxOfqVvibOmSNPAhuCqbeqrk3L7nibPvm4xvrgOT3bduFFuxoqFUSZjiaaeU%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;59796df0-45a5-43d7-aafe-5a7d4ea5a6a8&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\text{其中，} \\quad \\text{head}_i = \\text{Attention}(\\mathbf{X}\\mathbf{W}_i^Q, \\mathbf{X}\\mathbf{W}_i^K, \\mathbf{X}\\mathbf{W}_i^V)\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdykvr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中，</span></span><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.075" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 228px;height: auto !important;" width="228" data-width="228px" data-imgfileid="100247365" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fdcf21d9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSp7ibfuaueX3bH41ITF5liaG1bhCdehCLegGrrYWvhWibCI4BxfbDzVJR4iaErPia9kwT16o9bvC6TMib7SaYlNFLlExIics7zHwnrYw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz115y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">原论文中，</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e61ef5e1-b9ab-4bdf-997f-c8c4fd8e05e0&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;d=512\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">d=512</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，有</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;98eb9398-0f88-40d3-81a2-d121792c56a8&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;h=8&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">h=8</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个头，每个头</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;36420279-5145-4aa5-8613-7a4e29081a7e&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;d_k = d_v = d/h = 64&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy5bokyslc" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">d</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy5boki1ov9"><span leaf="">k</span></sub><span data-mpa-action-id="moy5bqp321wo" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = d</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy5bqop1tqk"><span leaf="">v</span></sub><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> = d/h = 64</span></span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维[9]。不同的头可以关注不同的语义维度：某个头关注语法依存关系，某个头关注指代关系，某个头关注位置邻近性。最后通过</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;36c6dcee-b02a-418e-9f25-7e7161bc81e0&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{W}^O&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy5cx8y1j5f" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">W</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" mpa-font-style="moy5cx8219ji"><span leaf="">0</span></sup></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">将拼接后的</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e7e61513-295c-4bbf-8ad8-1252adc2536b&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;hd_v&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moy5d6h51my3" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">hd</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy5d6glfdb"><span leaf="">v</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维向量映射回d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz13r2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.4 残差连接：从正向到反向的双重合理性</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz10ry" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">深层网络面临一个核心困难：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">每一层的变换</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;acfe6666-9126-43be-8a87-cfdb93040310&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;F(\\mathbf{x})&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">F(</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可能非常不光滑。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 它是多层运算加上注意力机制的复合结果，输出的数值可能剧烈跳跃——高维向量的每个分量跨度都很大，不一定落在我们所期望的范围内。如果让网络直接学习从输入到输出的完整映射</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;7ced027e-3c0c-47c1-9dc0-63f4a8601af5&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;Y = F(\\mathbf{x})&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Y = F(</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，这种跳跃会让学习变得极其困难。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz92m" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2015年，何恺明等人在ResNet论文中提出了一个极简但极其有效的解决方案：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">跳跃连接（Skip Connection）[11]</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。如图7所示，其核心思想是将每一层的输出从变为原始输入加上一个残差：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;f5fd8d5d-8de1-4437-95c0-7e9ce703b2b7&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;Y = \\mathbf{x} + F(\\mathbf{x})\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1svv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Y = </span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">+ F(</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9173728813559322" data-type="png" data-w="944" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="944" data-height="866" data-imgfileid="100247295" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=35d50f70&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTIqaIlL9EelgvI3ziaGVGhkjGzwD20Zx5DzxduS1VBCUMEGjl4MmNfjRddppAFrZrHzFF6FVogKqBteEchgNt7tkXVRoC4JiaGM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moy5fb05yt6" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moy5fb0lct9" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图7:引入恒等映射可以跳跃连接（ResNet），图片由GPT Image 2生成</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzbv2" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从正向（前向传播）的角度看</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，这个设计有一个朴素但有效的好处：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;c6a6f3bc-33c1-48f3-ac99-687634a4be13&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{x}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">x</span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本身的数量级足够大时，</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;0a7a4211-d062-45d2-a798-81b238490b32&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;F(\\mathbf{x})&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">F(</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">相对于</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;cc41b127-ee36-45c3-a4a3-bd59328c2233&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{x}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">就成了一个小的扰动量。</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: normal;">Y</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的值几乎约等于</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;5be2c7cb-8fb2-4223-9df5-1dee5f384514&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{x}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的数量级，</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;0bb28d76-c183-4811-b271-c5685d78bbfa&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;F(\\mathbf{x})&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">F(</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">)</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">中那些剧烈的跳跃被“压缩”了——它不再决定输出的整体形态，只是在</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;6220da1f-aee3-4720-ba2e-9aff77d6f691&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{x}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的基础上做微调。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzrvi" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这意味着网络不再需要从零学习一个可能非常复杂、跳跃剧烈的完整映射，而只需要学习一个残差——输入和目标之间的</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">差异</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这个差异往往比完整映射光滑得多、数值范围小得多，自然也好学得多。这背后也有直觉性的支撑：直接预测明天的股价很难，但预测今天和明天的差值就容易很多——因为差值的波动幅度远小于绝对值。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz3df" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从反向（反向传播）的角度看</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，残差连接解决的是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">梯度消失</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">问题——这也是何恺明等人在ResNet原始论文中重点论证的角度。对</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;74ff086c-0700-4ab8-a80e-e0f64d8a53e9&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{x}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">求梯度：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3062015503875969" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="516" style="width: 97px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247366" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4149ecc3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQOsIsrJmYHXxXbL6iaibmbKibJXfvgoBMmRghdvsKMqTGbBB9FAygOE8TXQOKUppOs3V2WISIp8XbcaR7KkMN7bUugFPE30EpYuM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz16ww" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">关键在于恒等矩阵</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;aa381e97-f3d9-4e17-9ed2-323d1e34653c&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{I}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">I</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。不管F</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的梯度多小甚至趋近于零，梯度总有一个“1”兜底。残差连接让梯度可以跨层直接传递——从顶层一下子传到底层，不需要逐层衰减地穿过每一个F</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。这也是为什么以前的网络做不深：没有残差连接时，梯度必须逐层相乘，层数一多就指数级消失或爆炸。加上残差连接后，网络可以稳定地堆叠到几十层、上百层甚至更深。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz101y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">还有一个更深层的视角值得一提。如果把Y</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">看作</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;31f23db4-3f4d-4a86-95ca-bd36f2273313&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;t+1&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">t+1</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">时刻的状态，</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;873bad31-77b8-4aa5-8f5c-d57e0a534208&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{x}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">x</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">看作t</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">时刻的状态，残差连接就是一个</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">差分方程</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1574074074074074" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="648" style="width: 135px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247367" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6d2a9fdb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQTQCLDnWvTtq0ibHnc7WsZfsMuw0gC4E4abpue8a6fbVas3k6czw0ODg8F6UdDMUib9YYvJGThHfwL8rPZKU3Av1xWL60Jhu3pw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzvm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当时间间隔取得足够小时，这就变成了一个</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">常微分方程（ODE）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.47029702970297027" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="404" style="width: 78px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247368" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a1fe8dfd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTC4NHMNUia3L2upMYj0WRaicL7noaEhlPicXM5u85Cr07sNe0Uuk3aKqmWpvwM8VfFL0WQA86ZYaicwJ2CtLhIPC6XWaU8dq4lo4Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz313" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">沿着这个思路，Chen等[12]提出了Neural ODE——用微分方程求解器替代离散的网络层，将深度学习和动力系统理论联系起来。从这个角度看，一个L</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">层的残差网络就是对一个连续动力系统的L</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">步离散化，而层数趋于无穷时，它就趋近于一个连续的微分方程。残差连接不仅是一个工程技巧，它揭示了</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">深度网络的本质是对连续变换过程的离散逼近</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz159c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.5 归一化与前馈网络</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1b0l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">残差连接解决了梯度流通问题，但深层网络还面临另一个挑战：数据不对齐。最开始，原始特征之间量纲差异巨大，需要做归一化让它们在同一尺度下。而进入网络之后，随着参数更新，每一层看到的输入分布也在不断漂移。因此必须引入归一化。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1heg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">归一化的核心操作很简单：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">把数据拉回均值为0、方差为1的标准分布</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。给定一组数值</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;81729559-c2c5-4415-be82-b0a702c754d6&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\{x_1, x_2, \\ldots, x_n\\}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moyaa3q01d1b" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">{x</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyaa3na24p5"><span leaf="">1</span></sub><span data-mpa-action-id="moyaa6f38xa" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">, x</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyaa6cutw9"><span leaf="">2</span></sub><span data-mpa-action-id="moyaaprrb6c" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">, ……, x</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyaapix11ws"><span leaf="">n</span></sub><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">}</span></span></span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，做变换：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4041666666666667" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="480" style="width: 90px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247369" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=eda52990&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQDFsdS7h9529yv1OZdL0qiagSeEdfOOksV1xEj6TQdoZ91qpPqDDuFgG2DWwUibcK3L49IVf4NrU9Cwc8gqaddGoNzR6nZ7DCXQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1krs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;970197c4-2801-4f07-80c7-95218cc76837&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mu = \\frac{1}{n}\\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_i&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5238095238095238" data-type="png" data-w="462" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 46px;height: auto !important;" width="38" data-width="38px" data-imgfileid="100247371" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=888639b5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQXmeLRuicR9qzl2Yr0RWVlKkxLxSWmguJAZIibjdJcK68X1wvbjNOtd1eJICpcMRpuAK2YPS6h30rCCtEhO36fN7yt1ol5OoIXE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是均值，</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;1757c365-529a-4bd7-9189-1ff638840727&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\sigma = \\sqrt{\\frac{1}{n}\\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_i - \\mu)^2}\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3468354430379747" data-type="png" data-w="790" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 80px;height: auto !important;" width="80" data-width="80px" data-imgfileid="100247372" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4df1de57&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSvsTRKzpzt4Lm0wqWsDibF23AItFeGjvlF5karsibH9HKbIasc0fcKxzmwqpcyXVMB8kq9Axot9k4uR1t558IsaAIfwU03RkYWc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是标准差，</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;9f5b853e-8874-4e1e-94a5-f99d28488745&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\epsilon&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">ϵ</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是一个极小值（通常为</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;7a0cbae0-1159-42d5-9d63-b1661e79f863&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;10^{-5}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moyaddrlwi9" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">10</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyaddqy1oyu"><span leaf="">-5</span></sup></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">或</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;3202ec9b-de0b-4d4a-809c-ec4399bc49f3&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;10^{-6}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moyadkiw1ru2" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">10</span></span><sup style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyadkidg15"><span leaf="">-6</span></sup></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">），是为防止除以零而设的参数。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz22q3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但强制把所有输出拉到标准分布，可能会破坏网络学到的有用表示。所以归一化之后还要接两个</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可学习参数</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——缩放因子</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;35ba2f95-e8d7-4245-be75-ae055be645d8&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\gamma\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">γ</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和平移因子</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;3d89ef7b-27eb-4292-bcab-2c08bd36a232&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\beta&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">β</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2145214521452145" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="606" style="width: 115px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247370" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5dcebb03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQPTpbbib24DewUESXojq0fpmrRQz3n5oBgkPzICiceXJIsU3FaGicpSkmMaYG9icVhGrfWAm8v8Ppebp8bHAaakpWgJibXJSBIicGBA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz4" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如果学到</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;23a27942-91a1-47de-b993-b8e19d0062c3&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\gamma = \\sigma&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz22q3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;35ba2f95-e8d7-4245-be75-ae055be645d8&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\gamma\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdz22q3&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;35ba2f95-e8d7-4245-be75-ae055be645d8\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;\\\\gamma\\n\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">γ</span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=σ</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;dde3c23d-dd7f-45f5-808a-4ab32b14af86&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\beta = \\mu&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz22q3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;3d89ef7b-27eb-4292-bcab-2c08bd36a232&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\beta&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdz22q3&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;3d89ef7b-27eb-4292-bcab-2c08bd36a232\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;\\\\beta\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">β</span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">=μ</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，就完全恢复了原始分布。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz8d1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不同的求均值和方差的方式，衍生出了不同的技术流派：Layer Norm与Batch Norm。为了讲清楚这两种方法的区别，我们需要先明确数据的维度。在NLP任务中，一个mini-batch的数据可以表示为一个三维张量：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.20069204152249134" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="578" style="width: 96px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247373" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=03af107c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRr6iaPCLUFYoLO1m3nj37zLMfSuXYMTYn2XToTy0UYDteddAM678WD4tuN30pJicEkr1lDMn3mWxJp72J9vydXgkNliaPANGcpCQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz24pr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中B</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是batch size（一次训练多少个样本），N</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是序列长度（一个句子有多少个词），d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是特征维度（每个词的向量维数）。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzhef" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">想象一个</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;fd8876e0-c826-4ffd-be96-dc3156c676f0&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;B \\times N \\times d&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">B</span>×<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">N</span></span><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzhef" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;fd8876e0-c826-4ffd-be96-dc3156c676f0&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;B \\times N \\times d&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdzhef&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;fd8876e0-c826-4ffd-be96-dc3156c676f0\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;B \\\\times N \\\\times d\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">×d</span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的长方体，每个小格子存储一个标量值。如图8所示，归一化的本质问题是：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">该沿着哪个方向“切一刀”来计算均值和方差？</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9175925925925926" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="1309" data-height="1201" data-imgfileid="100247296" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ac68f472&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQsOBeDMkeMXjRsJ0Lr2FH0Xr3ch1uiaicpl79lv0kSr68NdibrludynCNe9PFViaDxwBgWGD473Z6RpN5NLeybmLkwsbCYotu4tc0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyaqsfrzr3" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moyaqsg21zhd" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图8：Batch Norm和Layer Norm的图解（图片由GPT Image 2生成）</span></span></p><h4 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz172n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">批归一化（Batch Norm）</span></span></h4><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzoiz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">批归一化（Batch Norm）的切法是沿Batch维度切，即在</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一个批次</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的数据内，对同一个特征维度求均值和标准差。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzonn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对于特征维度d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">中的第k</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个维度，收集同一个batch内所有样本、所有位置上该维度的值，计算统计量：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.412962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 238px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247374" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a493a345&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRE3Na2UxwicS7yRzBiaKicLjpLAIFzAElXnxakJqGdGq0DlVMto6HNI6uI2qlhZWHRoTzCuOvjHgWj0So6ib6I7Jzg3Y526PbCnpM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1ykb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Batch Norm在计算机视觉中效果出色，它的成功有一个隐含前提：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同一个特征在不同样本之间是可比较的。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 在图像中，第k</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个卷积核检测的是同一种视觉模式（比如边缘或纹理），不同图像在该特征上的分布确实应该被拉齐。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1eg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但在NLP中，这个前提出了问题：</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzgps" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">变长序列。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 一个batch中，有的句子5个词，有的50个词。短句需要padding，但padding位置的值是无意义的，它们会污染均值和方差的计算。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz12db" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">位置语义差异。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 序列中不同位置的含义往往不同——句首是主语、句中是谓语、句末可能是标点。跨位置混合计算统计量不太合理。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzgdp" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Batch依赖性。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> Batch Norm的统计量依赖于当前mini-batch的样本组成。Batch size太小时，统计量估计不准，训练不稳定。推理时需要用训练阶段的移动平均统计量，引入了训练-推理不一致的问题。</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h4 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1skj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">层归一化（Layer Norm）</span></span></h4><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzou1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不同于Batch Norm，Layer Norm是在同一样本的所有维度上计算，即“沿特征维度切”，更适合变长序列。对于</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">同一个样本</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的同一个位置，收集该位置向量的所有d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个维度的值，计算统计量：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6666666666666666" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="882" style="width: 190px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247375" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6298e3e1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRichKQBYiasib1mg7HgFnXojykRsMohQ3umxjQrA10SCl5ZJ5zTt0IZ9vISD3KohMZ0L3kfbWzHL65fp24vN69icJRuOVPTmGJkLg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1v3x" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Transformer中没有使用Batch Norm，建立在其上的一系列模型也是清一色地只使用Layer Norm做归一化，消除不同特征量纲的影响。</span></span></p><h4 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mowjzjdznn2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);text-decoration: underline;">RMSNorm：更简洁的选择</span></span></strong></h4><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzqzh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">DeepSeek系列进一步采用了</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">RMSNorm（Root Mean Square Normalization）[13]</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，思路更加激进——</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">去掉减均值的步骤，只保留缩放：</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.16666666666666666" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 203px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247376" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=84291689&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRJZZl8IdLNgov7ccr0NctEo0649HA9HjHzpscFph1aw9gibSg0vqbgtib0S7HVmlaJaIpFxMDlgia37YEY7SkpLKTtjMkSWx02FA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzdwj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中均方根值的计算为：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.35377358490566035" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="848" style="width: 131px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247377" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=594939be&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ7sFfhVTuxx81T1VeQq7m7ltRP3OgsRQhMfszkPltzFQS6eL0rZKlCJA9wto2Yk8pEjvdrNVpvSf1Jib72ghN7HvoxKus5T708%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1izx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为什么可以省掉减均值？RMSNorm的作者认为，归一化的核心价值在于</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">控制向量的尺度（模长）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，使其不会随着层数增加而爆炸或消失。减均值的操作提供的额外好处相对有限，去掉它可以节省计算量。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzicf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">实验验证了这个判断：在多数任务上，RMSNorm的效果与Layer Norm几乎无差异，但因为减少了均值的计算和减法操作，在大规模模型训练中可以带来约</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;ad93840a-9989-4c2b-9084-4308e83b0883&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;5\\%\\sim10\\%&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">5%～10%</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的速度提升[13]。当模型参数达到数百亿甚至数千亿量级时，这个比例对应的是大量的GPU小时和真金白银。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1e6o" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">LLaMA、DeepSeek-V3、Gemma等当前主流的大语言模型都采用了RMSNorm</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，在效果和效率之间取得了最优平衡[14-16]。</span></span></strong></span></p><h4 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzaxf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">前馈网络：信息聚合之后的信息处理</span></span></h4><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1jxl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从信息流动的角度，上述的注意力机制已经让每个词看到了所有其他词的信息，但关键在于，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">注意力层完成的是信息聚合，但它的运算以线性为主。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">虽然Softmax引入了非线性，但仅这一层非线性的处理能力是有限的。加权求和</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;4de86abf-b934-4a63-b56d-e29cb36dc996&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\sum_j \\alpha_{ij}\\mathbf{v}_j&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6231155778894473" data-type="png" data-w="398" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 44px;height: auto !important;" width="44" data-width="44px" data-imgfileid="100247378" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cd65b5e0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRd2HVYpdPADnheHx5VeJXWHNf8ic5q2j9p9JFgvQC6r14phh0FyRzGyXchQX9ibDQAFr20pib4KqOYg0iaSCsXV3W65iahXWSA7Lxk%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本质上是一个线性组合——把信息收集过来了，但还没有对这些信息做充分的非线性加工。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.0944444444444446" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="1199" data-height="1312" data-backw="562" data-backh="615" data-imgfileid="100247297" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e17559f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRTdEo3OkDPkkIoonutb641HSjWzZtWIE3p9N5wnFZuYVzJr45wTOicICvzHbI3iceV0SctiahNmWvibXJYmw5jX8By8SyWjQ3NZYg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyazfzz13fn" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moyazg09344" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图9：FFN层的作用机制</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzeht" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">而在现实世界中，信息的处理方式绝非简单的线性组合就可以被表达完全。前馈网络（FFN）将这一块补上了，如图9所示，它的结构是“先放大再压缩”：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0975" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="800" style="width: 264px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247379" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=db000772&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ6rVAA8wbzNbX4d3TQb7WIMiau6rzlzdsop00P1xf9ppVea6kS7ICpm2jPI7R4HAC9s7aKQFA5X4Kic4SnvbNmgge6vMHUDSsw0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz6mw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维输入，先通过</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;c8c1f321-8a95-436b-92b4-5983900405b9&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{W}_1 \\in \\mathbb{R}^{d \\times 4d}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.23684210526315788" data-type="png" data-w="380" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 79px;height: auto !important;" width="79" data-width="79px" data-imgfileid="100247380" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=21d943d1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS70aiaay1ibw9VG76Wv3jtTfI7BwlfZ40cic1Lic8rLxEzjFEz3VUTlO0vuHlEicPAZ2bCl62SKdt0XkkVC7u01oLUTDGXquWUvQGs%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">放大到</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;d6062f2b-ab8f-4603-a334-a0f1d492fc86&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;4d&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">4d</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维，将网络变宽，在更高维的空间中做非线性变换（ReLU激活），再通过</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a1584d91-54af-48c8-80d5-4a9d7650ff0f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{W}_2 \\in \\mathbb{R}^{4d \\times d}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.22340425531914893" data-type="png" data-w="376" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 85px;height: auto !important;" width="85" data-width="85px" data-imgfileid="100247381" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=164ac2a3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRSI6VMpQz4CU6crqeQjaqwA7iaI7x8gVmQ5mRKWp1zrm7UeMEtOlrbO47AwVKibeSRfKgaRpNLOtUMyA3zv6hp1vHCiaeu4EDYicE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">压缩回d</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">维输出。在此过程中，放大是为了增加表达能力，压缩是为了保持维度一致，方便残差连接和层间传递。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1c9c" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">综上，一个Transformer层的分工是：</span></span></p><ul style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzccg" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">注意力层</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：信息聚合，建立词与词之间的动态连接，解决的是“应该从谁那里获取信息”。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1yte" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">前馈网络</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：信息处理，通过多层非线性变换提取更深层的特征，解决的是“拿到信息之后怎么加工”。</span></span></span></p></li><ul class="list-paddingleft-1"></ul></ul><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1mav" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">DeepSeek-V3的主要改动恰恰集中在这两个不那么性感的组件上</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：Norm从Layer Norm换成了RMSNorm（计算更快），FFN从标准前馈网络换成了混合专家系统（MoE）——不同的输入被路由到不同的专家子网络处理，大幅提升参数效率[15]，而注意力机制本身基本没有改动。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1rlm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这说明一个值得玩味的事实：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Transformer的核心创新是注意力机制，但后续迭代的主战场，反而是那些看起来不那么重要的工程组件。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 残差连接、归一化、前馈网络——这些技术大多是过去十到二十年里积累下来的工程化技巧，单独拿出来都不算惊艳，但在实际训练中，加上跟不加，效果差别巨大，它们是让Transformer从论文走向工业级系统的基础设施。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz19q1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.5 位置编码：让注意力“知道”顺序</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzs0d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">语言是有顺序的，“狗咬人”和“人咬狗”意思完全不同。因此，需要引入位置编码让注意力明白位置与顺序，常见的一个方案是用正弦和余弦函数进行位置编码：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5087336244541485" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="916" style="width: 194px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247382" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=56e23baf&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSlXYiaqQxSY5zPUXk0Nd19vzG3ou98iaW3lny0Zwx4ENj9n53etmozgu1gSiaQibAiciaXiamHTbkr86ddNjnyTLQYe8sr76OicT0Hib9Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzaev" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;00e9e0f8-6de3-47c8-84c5-90cea3eaea8f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;pos&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">pos</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是位置索引，i</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是维度索引。在许多处理方案中，位置编码向量会被直接加到词嵌入向量上：</span></span><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.09451219512195122" data-type="png" data-w="656" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 183px;height: auto !important;" width="183" data-width="183px" data-imgfileid="100247383" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1786a33c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRgyTiaIFycJl42ju4U851yQnhq5STIopicBMQeBsYGgHlwPM60B6PlRD8qStQP4TudSkgJOY7nbwwGibDeJoxRiaXFGJicWEA5Ebck%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5425925925925926" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="1294" data-height="702" data-imgfileid="100247300" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ff8402e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS9nn4SywKq96RtnLegGmOYHxbShrx51Nu56rydqp6CY2KBZVfzFlfiauVibs5l9Fk9Wdy2xbIkmYEPlw0H58vzd0YucQPQibBIwE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyb4fx61g0r" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moyb4fxg1pc6" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图10：Transformer中的正弦余弦位置编码公式，这种编码能让模型更容易通过相对位置信息来学习注意力</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz75e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一个很自然的问题是：为什么用三角函数而不是简单使用位置的编号？</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz3zz" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一，值域有界且连续。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 简单编号的问题是序列很长时数值差异很大，而三角函数始终在</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;b025a026-e3bf-4642-9b38-9949d786005b&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;[-1, 1]&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">[-1, 1]</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">之间。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz16dh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二，这种方法可以通过三角函数的和差公式天然体现相对位置：</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.15648148148148147" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 326px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247384" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7fd32a9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSBfgUpQ8IR3ib9Nfqtctqke2xibhfBO0dHP4IJaXibSbIX9FdeOK9xoKZpnA6GnsjeocDzibqjU9KXoCGsJj3Sr7be5td882W4Aw4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz14yq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">位置</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;36374b86-e9ca-42bb-9ea0-6d4ed35033e9&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;pos+k&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">pos+k</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的编码可以通过位置</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;ac5abbe5-13b6-471c-9ae5-0cfa1f069325&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;pos&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">pos</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的编码经线性变换得到——模型不需要记住绝对位置，只需学习位置之间的偏移量。如图10所示，直观上来看，不同维度使用不同频率的正弦波，类似二进制编码中不同位的翻转频率——低频维度编码大尺度位置信息，高频维度编码细粒度位置信息。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz15lt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">2.6 编码器-解码器：完整的信息流</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz39y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如图11所示，完整的Transformer是编码器-解码器结构。解码器比编码器多了两个关键设计：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz244y" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">1. 掩码自注意力（Masked Self-Attention）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 在注意力分数矩阵中，将未来位置设为</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;8028eb2e-bbb9-48f1-aa7c-971eb3ddbc75&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;-\\infty&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">-</span>∞</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1287037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 322px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247385" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5c6eaa01&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS1A5h95jlvRaW0icREHGq7DzjWZ59tiaMZYibexH2mYFBMX2VZwUSzcxUVPkTaufPpIMRciajaoKRoYN9HWdIYibOl6Av0MWUxwMs4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1ou1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中掩码矩阵</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;ce01f7a2-ac22-45fa-9373-883fa77410e8&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{M}\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">M</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">的上三角部分为</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;38cb0d1b-82d2-46a2-8546-103acd72ab73&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;-\\infty\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">-</span></span><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz244y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;8028eb2e-bbb9-48f1-aa7c-971eb3ddbc75&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;-\\infty&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdz244y&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;8028eb2e-bbb9-48f1-aa7c-971eb3ddbc75\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;-\\\\infty\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">∞</span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，经过Softmax后变为0，确保生成第t</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个词时只能看到前</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;d2d33ddb-fa12-413c-82ce-19d2c4d074b1&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;t-1&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">t-1</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个词。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdztkw" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2. 交叉注意力（Cross-Attention）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 将编码器输出作为</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e8a064cd-a6a2-4cb7-8f43-c818413705a1&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{K}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">K</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;29c80bb4-ffe5-48a7-937c-c558a57e08d1&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{V}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">V</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，解码器自身的表示作为</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;14897264-10b1-47e4-a4a3-e67226203158&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\mathbf{Q}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">Q</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1593625498007968" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1004" style="width: 251px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247386" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=681264ce&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSGSDibh04Lic43ApVZsqdFRicwkwz7GAxwicic4QwGfsJgCYUxqibzjd3HEFH5xwoHichLtR49QVZCIucqpLnYZXRvqhtOQGqNOOz1Nw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz233k" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这是编码器和解码器之间信息交互的桥梁——解码器生成每个词时，通过交叉注意力查询编码器的输出，决定应该关注输入的哪个部分。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2132075471698114" data-type="png" data-w="1060" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="1060" data-height="1286" data-imgfileid="100247301" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=063761fd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSGmUZy4SUCic3HxSiaDQdzNlFPCFclvRA50S5725VUkkTic3urQKNshwxAVamGdFMxfmVYc4icFjoMYTQN3Q9JiaffALg4iapmYJ5S8%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyb96fa190p" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moyb96lq1505" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图11：Transformer架构图</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz381" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">一个容易混淆的要点是：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">训练和推理的运行方式完全不同。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 训练时，解码器的输入是完整的目标序列（通过掩码确保模型不提前看到答案），所有位置可以并行计算。推理时，必须自回归地逐步生成——先生成第一个词，再把它作为输入生成第二个词，一个接一个，类似“接龙”。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">三、从GPT到DeepSeek：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">两条技术路线的分叉</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1re2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">3.1 GPT：Decoder-only的范式创新</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzdxu" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2020年5月，OpenAI宣布推出GPT-3模型的beta版本，该模型拥有1750亿个参数，是当时最大的自然语言处理模型。不同于当时很火的BERT，GPT做了一个关键的架构选择：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">只用解码器，扔掉编码器。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">所有NLP任务都统一转化为“给定上文，生成下文”的序列生成问题，训练目标就是最大化自回归对数似然：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1814814814814815" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 241px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247387" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=55c852b1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSqiafJUiaWTync3CcQquZhiadvy3HglgDjl81MXygwPGcKxsicjkibnG0zicdKDNHNgQBJL12LFu2RE6tMz0CsOEMenKKHXYeibkAljc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1lgk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">实验发现了一个有趣的现象：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">多任务联合训练的效果优于单任务累加</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——模型在翻译任务上学到的知识，居然能帮助它做文本分类，这验证了大规模自回归预训练能学到通用的语言表示。不过，这并非GPT的独家发现，是迁移学习和多任务学习领域的一个经典结论。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz13k6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">3.2 ChatGPT的三阶段对齐</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz2045" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">技术上来说，GPT（以 GPT-3 为例）是一个纯粹的下一个词预测器，它是一个很大的模型，但是离我们现在所理解的大语言模型还有一段距离。 GPT-3 能写出通顺的段落，但也经常输出种族歧视、事实错误等“不被人类所接受”的内容。从统计学上来说这非常合理，因为这些内容在训练数据里确实存在。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzzar" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2022年11月30日，OpenAI正式发布ChatGPT，它能够比较自然地与人对话，科幻小说中的“与人对话的机器人”第一次大规模地照进现实。ChatGPT 的创新在于：它在 GPT 的基础上，刻意把模型的输出训练为特定风格——有帮助的、诚实的、无害的（即著名的 HHH 目标）[17-19]，其训练过程分为三个阶段：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz14xu" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">阶段一：预训练，</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">使用大量文本得到Base Model，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">让模型掌握语言和世界知识</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，但行为是补全文本而非回答问题。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzpxf" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">阶段二：监督微调（SFT），</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">用人工编写的高质量指令-回答对微调，</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">教会模型对话格式</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。微调目标可以被表示为：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.18333333333333332" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 280px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247388" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6085853c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR6YQq7128RJQOyyPX6QVTxePH5wA1H5cPCjXickSSeZIC4OibfmmkjZibx6eClicwujRPTNraartZZZ7DMXqnFjbbLDjnEJ6u23Ew%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1u9l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中x</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是用户指令，y</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是期望回答。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzozc" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">阶段三：RLHF，让模型的回答进一步与人类偏好对齐。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在这个过程中，一个很有效的创新点是，不让标注员直接打分，改为做两两比较排序，因为“A比B好”这样一个相对判断比绝对打分客观得多。从数学表达上来说，即给定两个回答</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;40216c35-ee45-47dc-87aa-c222092cd53e&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;y_w&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybco5b1gcr" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">y</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybco4o1cxt"><span leaf="">w</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（更好）和</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;e6553f56-8219-493b-8b20-29d67d7dae0e&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;y_l&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybcwvr14fl" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">y</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybcwv61d53"><span leaf="">l</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（更差），奖励模型</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;7d6a6324-0f0f-4a29-9742-5162b6d34bed&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;r_\\phi&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybcexj21k0" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">r</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybcex8a8d"><span leaf="">Φ</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">通过Bradley-Terry模型训练：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0831758034026465" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1058" style="width: 315px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247389" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72d5244f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSmk8LIicsWazxjPVxdUk29gWe1bTibb9zPBkj2O01YSKc6MfN16ZMjjgChbQTCIBFF9LHkR0IjzgZpEUqjuQyXLfBVBBt1We12E%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1v9e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;88fc4e11-009d-44e0-842d-e33e96902282&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\sigma&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">σ</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">是sigmoid函数。然后用</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">PPO</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">算法（Proximal Policy Optimization，近端策略优化）优化语言模型策略</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;d83cf605-ba5e-4e39-9594-a6dbaf1a73e5&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\pi_\\theta&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybesvcj1r" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">π</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybesv41t44"><span leaf="">θ</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，最大化奖励的同时约束策略不偏离参考模型</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;90de89de-1d41-4339-932a-374f4293a35f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\pi_{\\text{ref}}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybdeqf173k" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">π</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybdeq515d2"><span leaf="">ref</span></sub></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">太远[20]：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.075" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 315px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247390" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=46519ff8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHREaaCjKfCLztJiafoNuq3OyCacIa6JDCZ8icRbaxIwz0d0klRic4jWHUGLNKVicoOWlh623dPnhmOVNFEcNka6ic7LqI4SEtzC2rRM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzd04" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但PPO的工程也有其巨大痛点：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">需要同时维护四个模型——策略模型</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;288c295f-48f4-4f14-a20b-8fd50855c90f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\pi_\\theta&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1v9e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;d83cf605-ba5e-4e39-9594-a6dbaf1a73e5&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\pi_\\theta&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybesvcj1r" data-pm-slice="2 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdz1v9e&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;d83cf605-ba5e-4e39-9594-a6dbaf1a73e5\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;\\\\pi_\\\\theta\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">π</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybesv41t44"><span leaf="">θ</span></sub></span></span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、参考模型</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;8df5a87f-6515-4f4e-835c-9e6af603d66f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\pi_{\\text{ref}}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1v9e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;90de89de-1d41-4339-932a-374f4293a35f&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\pi_{\\text{ref}}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybdeqf173k" data-pm-slice="2 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdz1v9e&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;90de89de-1d41-4339-932a-374f4293a35f\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;\\\\pi_{\\\\text{ref}}\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">π</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybdeq515d2"><span leaf="">ref</span></sub></span></span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、奖励模型</span></span></strong><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;28affec8-7782-4ada-abf1-2a8289428a66&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;r_\\phi&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzozc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;7d6a6324-0f0f-4a29-9742-5162b6d34bed&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;r_\\phi&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moybcexj21k0" data-pm-slice="2 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdzozc&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-meta-block-props&#34;:&#34;{\&#34;blockId\&#34;:\&#34;7d6a6324-0f0f-4a29-9742-5162b6d34bed\&#34;,\&#34;blockType\&#34;:\&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK\&#34;,\&#34;initData\&#34;:{},\&#34;props\&#34;:{\&#34;data\&#34;:{\&#34;equation\&#34;:\&#34;r_\\\\phi\&#34;},\&#34;displayMode\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;,\&#34;viewType\&#34;:\&#34;inline\&#34;}}&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">r</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybcex8a8d"><span leaf="">Φ</span></sub></span></span></span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">和价值网络</span></span><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzd04" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a80278a0-e758-4f80-9702-b9edd169148b&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;V_\\psi(s)&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdzd04&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: normal;">V</span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: start;text-indent: 28px;text-transform: none;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration: none;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><sub leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybihth155c" data-mpa-action-id="moybihu610f1" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">ψ</span></span></sub></span></span></span></strong><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（Critic）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。价值网络用于估计状态价值</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a80278a0-e758-4f80-9702-b9edd169148b&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;V_\\psi(s)&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">V</span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: start;text-indent: 28px;text-transform: none;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration: none;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><sub leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybihth155c" data-mpa-action-id="moybihu610f1" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">ψ</span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(s)</span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以计算优势函数</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;fbe50d73-2522-46da-b170-1fc51b329f4c&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;A = R - V_\\psi(s)\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">A = R - </span></span><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzd04" style="font-size: 15px;"><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;a80278a0-e758-4f80-9702-b9edd169148b&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;V_\\psi(s)&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}" data-pm-slice="2 2 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;mpa-font-style&#34;:&#34;mowjzjdzd04&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">V</span></span><span style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: normal;orphans: auto;text-align: start;text-indent: 28px;text-transform: none;widows: auto;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration: none;display: inline !important;float: none;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><sub leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybihth155c" data-mpa-action-id="moybihu610f1" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">ψ</span></sub></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">(s)</span></span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，但它的参数量与策略模型相当，显存开销巨大。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz30d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">3.3 DeepSeek：GRPO的简洁之道</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz3tk" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2025年初，DeepSeek发布R1模型，凭借低成本训练、开源策略、性能对标全球顶尖模型的三重颠覆性突破，打破了“堆算力”的传统AI研发路径。不同于ChatGPT系列模型，DeepSeek-R1 用GRPO（Group Relative Policy Optimization，群体相对策略优化）替代PPO，用一个非常简洁的操作，替代了PPO中复杂的“价值网络”模块</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 对于每个问题x</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，让模型生成一组G</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个回答</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;365dea1e-abe0-4f77-87b5-81ca75f09f3d&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;\\{y_1, \\ldots, y_G\\}&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><span data-mpa-action-id="moyblquxb29" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">{y</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyblqua2287"><span leaf="">1</span></sub><span data-mpa-action-id="moybmavu1aah" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">, ……, y</span></span><sub style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);" leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybmavi7q2"><span leaf="">G</span></sub><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">}</span></span></span></span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，用组内回答的相对奖励计算优势函数：</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1895424836601307" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="918" style="width: 246px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247391" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=623356d3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR49lWqwaZSktmTekKrypic7rFkPAVY7zL7B6plZRA4nfibf6pnwzDFddAwVz04H0leJSTD7XjM4icsM3PJCyvF6B98HVHAX0XkIc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz14zj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">然后用裁剪后的策略梯度更新：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.11851851851851852" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 408px;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-imgfileid="100247392" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f6f590ec&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS7uFZLHA800NJg4GSAbxE9WAEdiaSLntUia5oR4qmMdeg3MYV6rc6XZ4wpvGsa4fXWKibfDfUnMTVTNS5edsylGjwpOpSs7sV5Zg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzvcw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">省掉价值网络后，训练时需维护的模型从四个减少到三个，显存需求大幅降低，而GRPO的对齐效果并不逊色于PPO。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">四、新趋势：当模型开始思考</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdztfv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">4.1 涌现：数据量和参数量带来的意外能力</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1zzt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">GPT的问世也引发了人们的思考：为什么大语言模型能做到以往设计精妙的小模型做不到的事情？它的能力是怎么“冒”出来的？</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1tqb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2022年，Google的Jason Wei等人系统性地考察了一批语言任务在不同规模模型上的表现，发现参数量较小的模型上，在多步算术推理、指代消解、常识推理等任务上的表现接近随机猜测，模型仿佛“完全不会”。但是，当参数量跨过某个临界值时，其性能突然跳跃式提升，仿佛模型一夜之间学会了这些任务[21]，如图12所示。关于这一“涌现”现象，Jason Wei曾应集智俱乐部邀请，在2022年年会上做过题为《Emergent abilities unlocked by scaling up language models》的专题分享，系统探讨了其机理与启示，详见：<a href="https://pattern.swarma.org/study_group_issue/504。" target="_blank">https://pattern.swarma.org/study_group_issue/504。</a></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6745230078563412" data-type="png" data-w="891" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="891" data-height="601" data-imgfileid="100247298" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e97d0541&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSTicXyTp7pBIgT0VsZOQRkibByUW6FqPHXzkMDZPvRHEqxKczlHQYAY349a7hpnEeX1dunCibNdW5JuJesB52zqxYaKCX2HvoAJ4%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybmqnk1u1x" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moybmqnv1c7j" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图12：参数量跨过某个临界值时，大模型的各类性能突然跳跃式提升</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1b73" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这种现象被称为</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涌现能力</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（Emergent Abilities）。围绕涌现原因的学术讨论至今没有定论。例如，Schaeffer等人[22]提出了一个尖锐的质疑：涌现可能有部分是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">度量指标选择的假象</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。很多展示涌现的任务用的是精确匹配（Exact Match）这类离散指标——要么完全对，要么完全错。因此，当模型能力平滑提升但还没达到“完全正确”的门槛时，得到的分数一直是0；一旦跨过这个门槛，其分数可以突然跳到1。换用连续指标（比如编辑距离或部分匹配分数）后，其随着参数量变化而变化的得分曲线可能由突然跳跃的曲线变成平滑上升的斜坡。由此看来，涌现也许并不代表模型能力的突变，可能只是度量方法带来的错觉。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1y5t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但即便如此，这背后的事实是不争的：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大模型确实能做到小模型做不到的事。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">至于它究竟是达到某个参数量后带来质变，还是量变的累积被离散指标放大了，可能还需要更多的理论工作。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz158h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在实践层面，OpenAI的Scaling Law研究[23]给出了一个可操作的经验规律：训练损失与计算量之间存在幂律关系：</span></span><span data-meta-block-props="{&#34;blockId&#34;:&#34;8db8a2bf-3421-4ed2-b576-017b0dfc11be&#34;,&#34;blockType&#34;:&#34;EQUATION_BLOCK&#34;,&#34;initData&#34;:{},&#34;props&#34;:{&#34;data&#34;:{&#34;equation&#34;:&#34;L(C) \\propto C^{-\\alpha}\n&#34;},&#34;displayMode&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;,&#34;viewType&#34;:&#34;inline&#34;}}"><sub data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf=""><img alt="image.png" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1981981981981982" data-type="png" data-w="444" style="vertical-align: baseline;width: 89px;height: auto !important;" width="89" data-width="89px" data-imgfileid="100247393" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7e67afa7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQYO5wuBcs2QTVhpicIuwoh2Itw1ibwlic6XkLS88ngPAq4OpY4EGJfH4gHJUCgQDywPiawFynpcTBzxMzDT9IOUQFEVsTdUZ9h3jg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></sub></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzn4o" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中，C</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">表示投入的计算量C</span></span><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（FLOPs）。如图13所示，可以理解为，计算量每翻一个数量级，损失下降一个固定比例。这条幂律在跨越多个数量级的范围内保持成立，也带来了算力、数据和参数量的“内卷”。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4148148148148148" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="1440" data-height="597" data-imgfileid="100247299" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e6f1222&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHS0OlGiaJZD1bxJztv7FcJ6kjSL5LpMBGfQ8nwPnFOMp7Lgpjh8kEuCqqTIu1aX4YhzrNnlnHe0iafDpt0Y42UMibncRKKmcRJyrM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyboi6024bx" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moyboi6b1jds" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图13：计算量、数据集和参数量上升后，损失会下降</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1ifl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">DeepMind的Chinchilla论文[24]进一步追问了一个更精细的问题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">给定固定的计算预算，参数量和数据量应该怎么分配？</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 答案是两者应当等比例扩展。之前的行业惯例是疯狂堆参数（GPT-3用了1750亿参数，但只用了3000亿token的数据），Chinchilla指出这是一种浪费——同样的计算预算，用更小的模型配更多的数据，效果会更好。这篇论文直接影响了后续的模型设计，LLaMA等后来者都采用了更均衡的参数-数据配比。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzc8w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Scaling Law描述的都是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">训练阶段</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">模型能力的可拓展性。事实上，想让模型表现更好，可以努力的方面还有很多。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz2hy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">4.2 推理：让模型多思考一会</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz24kt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2022年，Wei等人提出的思维链（Chain of Thought, CoT）提示方法，发现大语言模型中也有“四两拨千斤”的小诀窍：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在提示中加一句“Let&#39;s think step by step”，大模型的数学推理能力就大幅提升[25]。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1hl8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为什么会这样？一个直觉性的解释是：自回归模型每生成一个token，只做一次前向传播。对于复杂的推理问题，一次前向传播的计算量不足以得出正确答案。思维链的作用是把推理过程展开到输出序列中——模型在生成中间步骤时，每一步都触发一次新的前向传播，相当于用更多的计算来处理问题。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1bre" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">传统的Scaling Law关注的是训练阶段：参数越多、数据越多、训练越久，模型越好。但推理时计算扩展（Inference Scaling Laws）揭示了另一个维度：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">即使模型参数不变，通过在推理时投入更多计算（生成更长的推理链、进行多次采样、反复验证和修正），也能持续提升性能。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1843" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">OpenAI的o1模型和DeepSeek-R1都在实践这个方向。它们在回答复杂问题时，会先生成一段长长的思考过程——分解问题、尝试不同路径、检查中间结果、纠正错误——然后才给出最终答案。这段思考过程可能长达数千token，消耗的推理计算量远超普通回答[16][26]。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzoe3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这对产业落地有深远的意义。传统范式下，想要更强的模型就必须训练更大的模型，成本以千万美元计。推理时扩展提供了一种更灵活的方案：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">训练一次，推理时按需调节思考深度。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 简单的事实性问题，让模型秒答即可；复杂的数学证明或代码调试，让模型多花时间想一想。用户为推理计算付费，而不是为训练成本付费——这可以重新定义大模型的商业模式。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz5j6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">不过，思维链能帮助的主要是</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">可分解为步骤的推理任务</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">（数学、编程、逻辑推演），对于那些需要整体直觉判断的任务（创意写作、审美评价），想得更久未必有用。而且推理链越长，累积错误的风险也越大——模型可能在第5步犯了一个小错，然后在后续20步中基于错误的前提一路推导下去。如何让模型在推理过程中有效地自我纠错，是当前的一个活跃研究方向。</span></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz2329" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">4.3 工程：从Prompt到Harness</span></span></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzgjl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">人类理解和改造世界的时候，总是先认识到是什么（What）这个维度，再去想为什么和怎么做（Why与How）。在大语言模型已经能够回答大部分问题后，AI使用者开始自然地把大模型融入一整套真正可以解放双手、帮自己干活的系统。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz15lg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">上升到系统这个层级后，工程范式就变得非常重要。一个大模型在基准测试上表现优异，不代表它能可靠地服务于生产环境。它可能在90%的情况下给出精彩的回答，但在剩下10%的情况下自信地胡说（即常被提及的AI幻觉现象）。对于一个聊天机器人而言，10%的错误率也许可以接受，因为有人类来判断正确性和承担后果；对于一个全自动的医疗诊断助手或金融分析工具而言，1%的错误都可能变为灾难。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1pfr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">围绕大模型的工程方法论经历了三个代际的演进。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzg59" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一代：Prompt Engineering（提示工程）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这是2023年的主流范式，其核心思路是精心设计输入提示词，例如给定角色、提供少样本示例、约束输出格式、利用思维链引导[25][27]，把“如何让模型理解我想要什么样的回答”当作主要解决的问题。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1xqn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Prompt Engineering能让我们获得更想要的回答，但它有一个根本局限：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">只能控制输入，无法控制模型怎么处理输入。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 同一个精心设计的Prompt，换一个模型版本可能就失效了，难以量化和复现。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzj2z" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二代：Context Engineering（上下文工程）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 2024年以来，Andrej Karpathy等人开始强调上下文工程的概念，Prompt Engineering中很多方法更像是一堆trick的堆积，但上下文工程开始系统性思考资源约束、设计模式、可观测性，这是一次重要的认知升级。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzxye" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">上下文窗口被当作一种稀缺资源来管理</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，什么信息放进去、什么顺序排列、什么时候检索新信息、什么时候丢弃旧信息，都需要系统性的设计，而Prompt只是上下文的一小部分。一个完整的上下文可能包括：系统指令、用户的多轮对话历史、从外部知识库检索到的相关段落、之前工具调用的返回结果、格式约束和安全规则。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzde7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">RAG（检索增强生成）是上下文工程最典型的实践。相较于把所有知识塞进模型的参数里，在需要时从外部数据库检索相关内容，动态地填充到上下文中，变成了一个更有效的选择。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1brc" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三代：Harness Engineering（驾驭工程）。</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"> 这是当前正在成形的最完整范式，它的核心思想是：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">把大模型视作一个需要被“驾驭”的能力引擎，围绕它去构建完整的控制系统。</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz23d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如图14所示，一个Harness系统包含三个层次：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzk5" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息层，用于决定模型该看到哪些内容</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——系统提示、用户输入、检索结果、工具返回值、历史上下文、权限限制。它可以被看作是Context Engineering的升级，但更强调信息的动态编排而非静态拼接。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1fjf" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">执行层，用于决定模型可以做什么</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——模型的输出不再只是文本，还可以是工具调用（搜索引擎、计算器、代码解释器）、API请求（数据库查询、邮件发送）、甚至物理操作（操控浏览器、编辑文件）。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz14d2" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">反馈层，用于判断模型做的对不对并纠正模型</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——工具调用的返回值、代码运行的报错信息、用户的修正指令等，都被回传给模型，形成闭环。模型根据反馈修正策略、重新规划、纠正错误。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6194444444444445" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;width: 562px;height: auto !important;" data-width="1310" data-height="1201" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/qZtAVROIcHS67JqrNh4aSIDPeicPSIR56j1NX4f4oQibBvk5VvQzSgibWkzKskOrUMCEOPyHIVco4XeviakpiaTQKGEbHwaP14G6LvTK789ticghI/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="146.04982206405697" data-cropy2="814.8042704626336" data-backw="562" data-backh="515" data-imgfileid="100247302" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=65d48055&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHShPHGQO6rsE3l9icyOteQ7gA1Yy4k9XJDbebhFS9RjJLpaFTCLtPZkXsvVwSjCj1CgfYjIibxCjuqHLNXfwPgy3Th5d5ksuQrog%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moybp7311181" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moybp73dq77" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图14:Harness Engineering的三层架构：信息层、执行层和反馈层</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzozs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">今天使用大模型，大致分为六个层次，难度递增：</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdz1wr" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Prompt交互层</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：直接使用自然语言对话，很简单。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzjdzihm" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">API调用层</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：通过代码等方式调用模型API，实现程序化交互。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje01rfg" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">外部知识集成层（RAG）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：检索增强生成，让模型基于私有数据回答。难点在于</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">知识块的切分粒度</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">——切太细丢失语境，切太粗浪费窗口。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje01lwc" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">AI Agent层</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：设计智能体执行复杂工作流，涉及任务拆解、工具调用等，难度上升。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje019ft" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">微调LLM层</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：在预训练模型基础上用垂直数据微调，需要算法工程能力，对于领域数据有一定要求。</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje011ub" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">训练LLM层</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">：从零或大规模预训练基础模型，对算力、算法和数据要求极高。</span></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje013q3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">其中，AI Agent正是Harness Engineering思想的典型产物。一个成熟的Agent不该被视作“更聪明的聊天机器人”，它其实更像是一个在信息-执行-反馈循环中自主运转的系统，具备三个核心要素：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自主性</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">任务特定性</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">、</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">反应性</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje0igy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从Prompt到Context到Harness，这三代范式的演进揭示了一个深层的趋势：从单纯跟模型对话，变为设计一个以模型为核心的系统。</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">AI的能力边界由模型和工具决定，但AI的可靠性边界由驾驭它的系统决定。</span></span></strong></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">结语：</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">模型预测下一个词，架构预测下一个时代</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzje015bl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">让我们回到最开头那个问题：这场AI浪潮最后会留下什么？</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzje0lr3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">读到这里，也许你已经有了一个更具体的回答：一套信息聚合与处理的底层思想与对应的架构，以及围绕它生长出来的训练方法、对齐技术和工程范式。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mowjzje01h3w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">回顾近三十年语言模型的发展，统计语言模型问的是“这个词后面最常跟什么词”，Word2Vec问的是“词和词之间的语义关系能不能被计算”，Transformer问的是“信息在序列中该如何流动”，GPT问的是“一个模型能不能通过预测下一个词来理解世界”，而今天的AI Agent问的是“理解了世界之后，如何在世界中行动”。每一个模型对应的问题都包含了前一个问题，但又打开了前一个问题看不到的空间。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje01et" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">站在2026年这个时间点，我们正处在一个特殊的位置。Transformer架构已经八岁了，这在AI领域是很长的寿命。目前还没有任何架构在大规模场景下真正超越它，但Mamba等状态空间模型、混合架构、以及各种效率优化方案都在积极探索中；而在应用层面，从Prompt到Context到Harness的工程范式演进，正在重新定义人类与AI协作的方式——</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">我们不再只是向模型提问，AI也许正在变成一套类似苹果、安卓的生态系统</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje055w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">语言模型从诞生之初就在做一件事：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">给定过去，预测未来，</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">给定前面的词，预测下一个词。给定这几十年的技术演进，我们也许无法精确预测下一个突破会是什么。但我们可以做到的是，当突破到来时，不把它当作魔法，而是把它放进一个可理解的框架里——看清它从哪里来、改变了什么、以及边界在哪里。</span></span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></p></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;width: 661px;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-left: 4px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;height: 360px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;overflow-x: hidden;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><p style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" data-pm-slice="5 5 []"><span mpa-font-style="mowjzje0137g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="moybsguo1gd"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[1]Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. </span></span></span><span mpa-font-style="moybsguo1gb5" style="font-size: 13px;"><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">The Bell system technical journal</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">, </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">27</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">(3), 379-423.</span></span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span mpa-font-style="moybsguo1fva" style="font-size: 13px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[2]Chen, S. F., &amp; Goodman, J. (1999). An empirical study of smoothing techniques for language modeling. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Computer Speech &amp; Language</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">, </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">13</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">(4), 359-394.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span mpa-font-style="moybsguo1vz4" style="font-size: 13px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[3]Suen, C. Y. (1979). N-gram statistics for natural language understanding and text processing. </span></span><em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence</span></span></em><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">, (2), 164-172.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span mpa-font-style="moybsguo2362" style="font-size: 13px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">[4]Bengio, Y., Ducharme, R., Vincent, P., &amp; Jauvin, C. (2003). 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SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.46296296296296297" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/qZtAVROIcHQdr2uSQHFgqkLXLhwrTffXYqARMmsM3orcVOjzUBcheVicQHxRfDsouVxURGzujhzFsRBo3seLEERYket82JUhBE0CNgXzTgSQ/0?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely2="260" data-imgfileid="100245020" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b88e9989&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQdr2uSQHFgqkLXLhwrTffXYqARMmsM3orcVOjzUBcheVicQHxRfDsouVxURGzujhzFsRBo3seLEERYket82JUhBE0CNgXzTgSQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/><img 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rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">推荐阅读</span></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 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0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">4. </span><a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247726146&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=b72b038479b0db48ea95d0fc3e7f88f9&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">诚招系统科学/AI/物理背景的内容创作者</span></a></span></strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. </span></strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. <a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">7. </span><a class="normal_text_link mp_article_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="325" data-imgfileid="100236176" data-aistatus="1" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b440b63a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWIQ6jnCicOjE0871icX5jDeO9ae3mLb0rA2LAmicBSjrMobialpbJDUgK1SOicMukof4WnRb9rvXqc4IhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;"/></span></p><p style="text-align: right;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;"><span leaf="">#整理</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;"><span leaf="">点击“阅读原文”，报名课程</span></span></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>


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      <pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>复杂系统自动建模 II：推理丨面向复杂系统的人工智能第九讲</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731058&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=3410c95cc3c7d9fac15f77bf3769ded6</link>
      <description>22026年5月11日（周一） 13:30-16:15分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-10 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bfea90f3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQfoaQQ7y16zMDnZH1C3uqdPzXXpym6XPB5ULP2g5upQ1D8nNFFLnRYM93BS7lssYIotDuyguwkX2jJzcXicKd9rVUM8QyWyticA%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>22026年5月11日（周一） 13:30-16:15分享</p>
  <div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 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0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p nodeleaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: 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661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">集智俱乐部、集智学园创始人，北京师范大学张江教授开设了<a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247728003&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=cc64c2fd7c27734470401e414f8d4786&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="「面向复杂系统的人工智能」课程" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">「面向复杂系统的人工智能」课程</a>，致力于打破学科壁垒，将复杂系统与人工智能深度融合。从神经网络到因果推断，从世界模型到多尺度建模，甚至包含最前沿的“氛围编程（Vibe Coding）”实战，带你亲手落地AI项目。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">作为系列课程的第九讲，张江教授将以「复杂系统自动建模 II：推理」为题，系统讲解如何用已训练的模型从新数据中挖掘复杂系统的隐藏结构与规律。正式分享将于5月11日（周一）13:30-16:15腾讯会议线上直播，北师大海淀区线下授课（助教可协助入校）。</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><h1 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.578125" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1280" data-height="2020" data-backw="562" data-backh="887" data-imgfileid="100247397" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b3a2371f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQhnt9QtUt2lqAR6jtRhugHwdk6wFd5eNrr6v9ibUsw7WQXaL7QicK4UU5XTujYymSRrfX0ED54HYyzIuFIbtD4u7J9hiaSyap9tM%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></h1><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyci7u62mw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">图神经网络可以从基因表达时间序列中重建调控网络，链式思维提示使PaLM 540B在GSM8K数学推理测试中的准确率从18%跃升至57%，这两件事共享同一个核心问题：利用训练好的模型，从新数据中推断出隐藏的结构和规律。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u6228q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本次课程将系统介绍面向复杂系统的推理方法，沿四条主线展开。</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">结构推理部分</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">介绍Gumbel图网络（GGN）与AIDD框架如何联合学习Kuramoto振荡器、布尔网络等系统的拓扑结构与节点动力学，以及NRI变分自编码器框架下的无监督关系推断；</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">缺失信息推理部分</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涵盖不可观测节点与链接的网络补全（GIN框架、C-GIN），以及时空物理推断网络（SPIN）；</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">临界转变预测部分</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">介绍临界慢化、闪烁等早期预警指标，以及GIN-GRU深度学习框架在Kuramoto振荡器与非洲植被生态系统上的临界点预测；</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">大语言模型推理部分</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">涵盖链式思维提示（CoT）、最少到最多提示（Least-to-Most Prompting）、推断缩放律，以及STaR自举推理算法。</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyci7u63tq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">学完本课程，你能够理解从观测数据重建复杂网络的完整方法链，掌握缺失数据插补和临界转变预测的技术工具，并理解现代大语言模型推理能力提升的核心机制。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyci7u61lps" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">What is Inference?</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyci7u6ufx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Structural Inference</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyci7u674i" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Inferring Missing Information</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyci7u64x5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Anticipating Critical Transitions</span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyci7u6wxb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Inference of LLM</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">关键术语</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u6zgy" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Gumbel Softmax：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">将离散类别采样转化为可微近似的重参数化技巧，使含离散随机变量的网络可端到端训练</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u692x" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">结构推理（Structural Inference）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">仅凭节点行为时间序列，推断系统中节点间交互关系与网络拓扑</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u610fm" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">AIDD：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">通用深度学习框架，通过可微Bernoulli采样同步重建网络结构与节点动力学</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u6wae" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">临界点（Tipping Point）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂系统中微小触发可导致状态突变至对立稳态的临界阈值</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u69gr" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">临界慢化（Critical Slowing Down）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">系统接近临界点时，扰动后恢复平衡速度减慢，方差增大</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u616v6" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">NRI（神经关系推断）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以变分自编码器同时学习互动系统潜在关系图与动力学的无监督模型</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u64m9" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">链式思维提示（Chain-of-Thought Prompting）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">在提示词中提供中间推理步骤示例，引导大模型逐步推导复杂问题</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u61x33" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">推理缩放律（Inference Scaling Laws）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">描述推理时计算量与模型性能权衡关系的经验规律，指导计算最优推理配置</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u61ema" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">STaR（自教推理机）：</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">通过迭代生成推理链、过滤正确答案、微调模型的自举式推理增强方法</span></span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u6qoc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程主题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂系统自动建模 II：推理</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u6t64" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程时间：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年5月11日（周一） 13:30-16:15</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyci7u6jyd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程形式：腾讯会议（会议信息见群内通知）/</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">北师大海淀区线下授课（助教可协助入校）</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">；集智学园网站录播（3个工作日内上线）</span></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程主讲人</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-type="other" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1080" data-height="608" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100244657" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=623748cc&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHQxXO8XX5fRPKzvMy44ib5WCcrw7oicibFMYTibCKzRToel42PxrxEXT1a4pxNcF28M49OsjDUIL9cFGctoISS1lJKckn7nqTRic6VE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dother%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1n5q" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">张江</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，北京师范大学系统科学学院教授，集智俱乐部、集智学园创始人，集智科学研究中心理事长，曾任腾讯研究院、华为战略研究院等特聘顾问。主要研究领域包括因果涌现、复杂系统分析与建模、规模理论等。</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1gex" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个人主页：<a href="https://jake.swarma.org/" target="_blank">https://jake.swarma.org/</a></span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程适用对象</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1ku0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理工科背景高年级本科生</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11070" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">理工科背景硕士、博士研究生</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名须知</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vu49"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">1. 课程形式：</span></span></span></p><ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;" data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vidy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">参与方式：付费学员可参与腾讯会议直播/北师大海淀区线下授课（助教可协助入校）</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vidy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">授课形式：</span></span></p></li></ol><ol style="list-style-type: lower-roman;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36vy5l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">平时：课堂讨论与内容共创</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36v22h1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">结课：项目汇报</span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14l36v1k6t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;">2. 课程周期：</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年3月2日-2026年6月22日，每周一 13:30-16:15进行。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn14l36v11n7"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">3. 课程定价：</span>399元</span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"></ol><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100244658" data-ratio="1" style="background-color: transparent;width: 151px;height: 151px;" data-type="png" data-w="400" data-width="400" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a4a6e376&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTeY4MSciaANhFqNZEpFPJ4G5oR4zRTrica8gMsmooEKXF9jaYWQDlJQ2v8fnRujZYGWKEGCLgictOC8ZwokgLteF9t07bQpeQW7U%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14n5u71hda" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn14n5ue1785" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">课程链接：<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5684?from=wechat" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5684?from=wechat</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11tms" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);">付费流程：</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11t7q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">扫码付费；</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc19wz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程页面添加学员登记表，添加助教微信入群；</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc117ld" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程可开发票。</span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14fnc1rbj" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);">课程共创任务：课程字幕</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc111qz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为鼓励学员深度参与、积极探索，我们致力于形成系列化知识传播成果，并构建课程知识共建社群。为此，我们特别设立激励机制，让您的学习之旅满载收获与成就感。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11w5n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程以老师讲授为主，每期结束后，助教会于课程群内发布字幕共创任务。学员通过参与这些任务，不仅能加深对内容的理解，还可获得积分奖励。积分可兑换其他读书会课程或实物奖品，助力您的持续成长。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">推荐课程</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14fnc11eus" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: #21a6db;font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01ac9"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t9vl19mb" style="font-size: 15px;" data-mpa-action-id="mn14t9vs11t0" data-pm-slice="0 0 []">参考课程</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01sog" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">吴恩达：Build with Andrew <a href="https://www.deeplearning.ai/courses/build-with-andrew/" target="_blank">https://www.deeplearning.ai/courses/build-with-andrew/</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x016m" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Jure Leskovec: Machine Learning with Graphs, StanfordCS224W.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rPLKxIpqhjhPgdQy7imNkDn" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rPLKxIpqhjhPgdQy7imNkDn</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0vzj" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Steve Brunton: Data Driven Science and Engineering, University of Washington<a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMrJAkhIeNNRpsRhXTMt8uJdIGz9-X_1-" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMrJAkhIeNNRpsRhXTMt8uJdIGz9-X_1-</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01jpr" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Karthik Duraisamy: DATA-DRIVEN ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS, Michigen institute for computational discovery and engineering, Michigen University.<a href="https://micde.umich.edu/academic-programs-old/data-driven-course/" target="_blank">https://micde.umich.edu/academic-programs-old/data-driven-course/</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x03u0" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Sergey Levine: Deep Reinforcement Learning, CS 285 at UC Berkeley.<a href="http://rail.eecs.berkeley.edu/deeprlcourse/" target="_blank">http://rail.eecs.berkeley.edu/deeprlcourse/</a></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="mn14t7x062m" style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(33, 166, 219);font-size: 15px;" mpa-font-style="mn14tclp81c"><span leaf="">【集智学园网站资源】</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="6"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x010bh" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对复杂系统连续变化自动建模——Neural Ordinary Differential Equations解读<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2046" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2046</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01x4y" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复杂网络自动建模在大气污染中的应用<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/1998" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/1998</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0yg2" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">两套因果框架深度剖析：潜在结果模型与结构因果模型<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2526" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2526</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x022w3" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">稳定学习：发掘因果推理和机器学习的共同基础<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2323" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2323</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0reu" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因果强化学习<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/2156" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/2156</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0fn0" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">张江：因果与机器学习能够破解涌现之谜吗<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4540" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4540</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0oic" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">因果涌现理论提出者：Erik Hoel主题报告<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4317" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4317</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01qtl" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如何从数据中发现因果涌现——神经信息压缩器<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4874" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4874</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x0bip" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">标准化流技术简介<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/1999" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/1999</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span mpa-font-style="mn14fnc113gc" style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 14px;" mpa-font-style="mn14t7x01tom"><span leaf="">带隐状态的强化学习世界模型<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/course/4848" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/course/4848</a></span></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/qZtAVROIcHQdr2uSQHFgqkLXLhwrTffXYqARMmsM3orcVOjzUBcheVicQHxRfDsouVxURGzujhzFsRBo3seLEERYket82JUhBE0CNgXzTgSQ/0?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropselx2="562" data-cropsely2="260" data-imgfileid="100245020" data-ratio="0.46272493573264784" data-s="300,640" style="width: 100%;" data-type="png" data-w="2334" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b88e9989&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQdr2uSQHFgqkLXLhwrTffXYqARMmsM3orcVOjzUBcheVicQHxRfDsouVxURGzujhzFsRBo3seLEERYket82JUhBE0CNgXzTgSQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>从经典到量子：哈密顿力学、相空间与波动基础 | 量子物理导论第一讲</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247731058&amp;idx=3&amp;sn=c48381896244d460a0139fab2931116c</link>
      <description>2026年5月11日（周一） 18:00-20:00分享</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span>集智俱乐部</span> <span>2026-05-10 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">湖南</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1c8c3cd7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTN3Takbicl3VcWkUFrWdgndAErPCZZ9qKHCv1xAxwPGkFTPjxcXn1QsUZINMxqM7L243rWWCwVGOm70K0JvI3f8jGHd6zgKAia8%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>2026年5月11日（周一） 18:00-20:00分享</p>
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0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p nodeleaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box 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data-mpa-action-id="moyf61zn63h"><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="moyf61z71b8d"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图片来源：</span></span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(143, 149, 158);"><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;" mpa-font-style="moyf61z71kua"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><a href="https://syskool.com/phase-space-and-symplectic-geometry-the-geometric-language-of-classical-mechanics/" target="_blank">https://syskool.com/phase-space-and-symplectic-geometry-the-geometric-language-of-classical-mechanics/</a></span></span></span></span></span></p></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">现在量子科学与技术进入全球与中国科技布局的核心视野：2025 年被联合国确立为“国际量子科学与技术年”，而 2026 年政府工作报告和“十五五”规划纲要都把量子科技列入未来产业重点方向。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">为了帮助复杂科学、人工智能与交叉研究的学习者来说，掌握量子物理，补一门重要的基础语言，同时回应正在展开的科技前沿。集智学园联合上海大学李永乐老师共同开设了「量子物理导论八讲」课程，本系列课程关心“原子尺度下的世界究竟遵循怎样的底层规则”。为初学者补充经典物理必备知识，建立量子态、密度算符的基本概念，介绍量子力学中的典型模型与近似方法，建立基于量子力学思考问题的思路，并以量子计算为典型应用案例，以一位用户的角度提供一条简明的学习路径：掌握量子语言的起源，提供一个把握当代量子科技的接口。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">2026年5月11日（周一）18:00-20:00将进行第一讲分享「从经典到量子：哈密顿力学、相空间与波动基础」，欢迎参与。</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9314a3f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1%26tp%3Dwebp%23imgIndex%3D1"/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="2.1657407407407407" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1080" data-height="2339" data-backw="562" data-backh="1217" data-imgfileid="100247405" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=792caa4a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSomADx5SUiaLFPpRcKnocSuibNzaRrTGIdow6auNRHgVzvoWtia57sf2IiahiayWMc4SicwkKMXogkmicwoxM9tqeICL6F0qibnqAjGxc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf73oncfg" style="font-size: 16px;" data-mpa-action-id="moyf73oz1533" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 122, 170);font-weight: bold;">主题：从经典到量子：哈密顿力学、相空间与波动基础</span></span></h2><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程简介</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3t9d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">量子力学的诞生并非凭空而来，它深深植根于经典物理的土壤之中。早在量子理论出现之前，物理学家们便已发现一个令人着迷的事实：描述光线传播的费马最短光程原理，与描述粒子运动的最小作用量原理，在数学结构上竟惊人地相似。哈密顿将这一类比推向极致，建立起以他名字命名的力学体系，而哈密顿–雅可比方程与光的波动方程之间的深层对应，最终成为薛定谔建立量子力学的重要线索。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31kpl" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">德布罗意天才的思想：粒子具有波动性，启发了科学家把研究机械振动、机械波与光波的理论应用于量子力学。这才有了量子叠加与量子干涉的概念。基于电磁波的场的概念也融入量子力学。这些内容在非物理专业的“大学物理”中介绍较为孤立与不足，向初学者介绍量子物理，最好补充相关的概念。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3nj2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本节课将系统梳理拉格朗日力学与哈密顿力学的核心框架，包括最小作用量原理、勒让德变换、哈密顿正则方程与相空间图景。课程还将介绍正则变换与哈密顿–雅可比方程，并着重呈现光学、经典力学与量子力学三者之间深刻的数学类比。最后，我们将回顾波的叠加、干涉与衍射现象，为理解量子世界积累必要的物理图像。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程大纲</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3mbf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">复习经典力学中的拉格朗日力学、哈密顿力学，以及相关的振动与波的知识。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3q7y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">最小作用量原理；拉格朗日方程；勒让德变换；哈密顿方程；作用量-角变量；相空间；刘维尔定理；正则变换；生成函数与哈密顿-雅可比方程；光学、力学与量子力学类比。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31c0a" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">波的叠加、波的干涉、衍射。驻波。</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程重点</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31hqs" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">哈密顿方程与哈密顿-雅可比方程。光学、力学与量子力学之间的类比。波的干涉、衍射与相关的能量。</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程难点</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3148h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">相空间中的坐标变换：切触变换。</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程信息</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31eft" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程主题：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从经典到量子：哈密顿力学、相空间与波动基础</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3dx6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程时间：</span></span><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">2026年5月11日（周一） 18:00-20:00</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3b61" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程形式：腾讯会议（会议信息见群内通知）；集智学园网站录播（3个工作日内上线）</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程主讲人</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p nodeleaf="" style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5625" data-type="png" data-w="1920" style="background-color:transparent;width:100%;" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" data-backw="562" data-backh="316" data-imgfileid="100247403" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6e0f4b78&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHRn3jjPm7UfVSucjn7ldUWBsd4zSLKfWUPesun5gI9fXe8u6f1zkY2bILnEaibHjZzyiaWKlROsdcZOUIp21LR5PUA9BnSvyiaibcw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3es1" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">李永乐</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，现任上海大学理学院物理系副主任、教授、博士生导师，上海市“青年东方学者”，主要从事计算原子分子物理研究，涵盖量子动力学、化学物理、分子铁电及人工智能量子蒙特卡洛等领域。2002-2006年就读于天津大学应用化学专业，期间在山东大学化学院交流，2006-2011年获南京大学理论化学博士学位，2012-2015年先后于新墨西哥大学、纽约大学从事博士后研究。2019-2021年访问加州理工学院13个月。开设“玩转量子世界”在线科普课程。长期讲授大学物理、统计物理、计算物理等课程。在集智学园讲授《统计物理基础》系列课程。</span></span></span></p><blockquote><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3153j" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">个人官方主页：<a href="https://physics.shu.edu.cn/info/1082/1166.htm" target="_blank">https://physics.shu.edu.cn/info/1082/1166.htm</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3f7s" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">知乎主页：<a href="https://www.zhihu.com/people/yongle-li-86" target="_blank">https://www.zhihu.com/people/yongle-li-86</a></span></span></p></blockquote><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程适用对象</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3m52" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">物理、化学、材料、计算科学等专业的本科高年级生与研究生</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31wnm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">有高等数学、线性代数、常微分方程基础的理工科研究者</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31seg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对复杂系统、AI for Science、量子信息、量子化学有兴趣的跨学科学习者</span></span></p></li><li style="text-align: left;"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31gno" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">希望补上量子基础、建立现代量子语言的人</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">课程目标</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3yxy" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">建立系统的量子物理基础认知</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3gcd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">掌握典型模型与核心求解方法</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu36vb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">搭建通向现代量子科技与交叉研究的入口</span></span></p></li></ol><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">报名须知</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31ipg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程形式：腾讯会议直播，集智学园网站录播。本系列课程不安排免费直播。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu312br" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程周期：2026年5月11日-2026年6月29日，每周日晚18点-20点进行。</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31qup" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程定价：原价799</span></span></strong></p></li><ol style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31g5o" style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">早鸟价499</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">，截止时间：2026年5月12日中午12点</span></span></span></p></li></ol></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="background-color: transparent;width: 172px;height: 172px;" data-width="400" data-height="400" data-imgfileid="100247402" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=386dcc05&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTZRawlq3BGEaia3zdtOuODJJWmdibAhtevN1aYsc2Vexic7fHlnIe7vs579mr0Iyr0EVTpicsDTmVpibZtuDtDOgOibOJu1GYNWwUQs%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.5em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyfat6h18d0" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="moyfat721jqz" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">扫码付费报名课程课程链接：<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5724?from=wechat" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5724?from=wechat</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31bia" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">付费流程：</span></span></strong></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3fef" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">扫码付费；</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31f6q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程页面添加学员登记表，添加助教微信入群；</span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3qmr" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程可开发票。</span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31u9n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);">课程共创任务：课程字幕</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu35xz" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">为鼓励学员深度参与、积极探索，我们致力于形成系列化知识传播成果，并构建课程知识共建社群。为此，我们特别设立激励机制，让您的学习之旅满载收获与成就感。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3ysf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程以老师讲授为主，每期结束后，助教会于课程群内发布字幕共创任务。学员通过参与这些任务，不仅能加深对内容的理解，还可获得积分奖励。积分可兑换其他读书会课程或实物奖品，助力您的持续成长。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">集智学园相关课程推荐</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="1"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3s73" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">李永乐：统计物理基础</span></span></strong></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3p6l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本系列课程以热力学和经典力学为起点，依次展开 Boltzmann 统计、系综理论、量子统计、相变与非平衡统计等核心内容，围绕一个核心问题展开：大量微观粒子的随机运动如何涌现出稳定的宏观定律？课程强调物理图像与方法论，帮助你建立清晰的微观—宏观统计思维，掌握处理多粒子系统和复杂随机过程的一套通用工具。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31n4d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程链接：<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5648" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/5648</a></span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="2"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31z95" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">尤亦庄：量子力学</span></span></strong></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3gos" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本系列课程引自集智科学家尤亦庄在 UCSD 开设的课堂，课程从量子比特开始谈起，逐一介绍了量子力学的五大公理（量子态，观测量，量子测量，时间演化，多体系统），循序渐进地建立量子力学的基本概念和体系。在此基础上，课程着重探讨了量子纠缠，量子测量和量子纠错等量子信息学的入门知识。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-indent: 0px;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3bxv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">课程链接：<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/3686" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/3686</a></span></span></p><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" class="list-paddingleft-1" start="3"><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><strong mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3iqt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">吴金闪：系统科学导引（四）量子力学</span></span></strong></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu324xb" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本系列课程是 《系统科学概论》 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8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3qvt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">本次预读班受集智-凯风研读营项目的支持，将主要聚焦在量子计算领域，对量子线路的经典模拟、量子计算与人工智能的交叉、量子模拟、量子噪声理论与纠错码等方面的论文进行研读与讨论。希望能通过预读班的形式，能够吸引具有基本物理基础且对量子计算感兴趣的人（例如本科生）和量子计算的年轻研究员，研读硬核论文，激发科研灵感。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu313zn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">预读班链接：<a href="https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/4082" target="_blank">https://campus.swarma.org/v3/course/4082</a></span></span></p><h2 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3oaf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 218);font-weight: bold;">推荐阅读</span></span></h2><ol style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" 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data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">量子物理学能揭开意识之谜吗？</span></a></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu3uin" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">《玩转量子世界讲座》：<a href="https://www.koushare.com/live/details/8639" target="_blank">https://www.koushare.com/live/details/8639</a></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="moyf4zu31uh0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">“玩转量子世界”科普课（共6节）：<a href="https://www.koushare.com/video/details/24092?series_id=477" target="_blank">https://www.koushare.com/video/details/24092?series_id=477</a></span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PNAS：大语言模型生成社会数据的统计真实性评估</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247730988&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=5152017d9ce205b6ba64e2dab1b74946</link>
      <description>今日见刊！大模型生成社会数据的统计真实性与三大缺陷</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>原创 <span>任筱芃</span> <span>2026-05-09 14:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">北京</span></p>






  
  <p><img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9583a05b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHSpiaFQeojCvJDNe4HVCqtzRVMXmO5WfIPw3Fk71jojxiaRa6WOiarH6Nickl6r5BaMDkXdDHsTvTGCveKaeaicgqkHbc4Vl3BBo1vg%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p>
  <p>今日见刊！大模型生成社会数据的统计真实性与三大缺陷</p>
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!important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;visibility: visible;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="427" data-backw="578" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qZtAVROIcHTQjtHOFJmmRZsLUtB4A5AW3VibEyoHQrsIxDUyRz85zAWEbqAnpzpVIx33zVLtibWvMrP0VYibb9libv3frXUIU6nzK6fdvrTmAPQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropselx2="578" data-cropsely2="330" data-imgfileid="100246668" data-ratio="0.7388888888888889" data-s="300,640" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3288165c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FqZtAVROIcHTQjtHOFJmmRZsLUtB4A5AW3VibEyoHQrsIxDUyRz85zAWEbqAnpzpVIx33zVLtibWvMrP0VYibb9libv3frXUIU6nzK6fdvrTmAPQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 661px;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;float: left;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: justify;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.5;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">导语</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 4px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 5px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">大语言模型能否替代真实的社会调查数据？一项2026年5月8日发表于 PNAS 的研究给出了系统地检验。研究团队回归社会科学调查研究的基本原则，提出对大语言模型生成数据的评估，应借鉴代表性调查的逻辑：正如代表性样本能够得到接近总体统计矩的结果，LLM 生成数据的有效性也应聚焦于其能否再现真实世界总体层面的统计规律。基于此，研究团队构建了 SSDataBench 基准测试，用 7 个真实社会调查数据集、15 个主流大语言模型，从五个维度系统评估了 LLM 生成社会科学数据的“统计真实性”（即合成数据能否复现真实人口的统计模式）。结果发现，即使是当前最强的模型，平均通过率也仅为 30%。且通用大语言模型（general-purpose LLMs）整体性地暴露出三种系统性缺陷——压缩异质性、膨胀关联性、坍缩生命轨迹。研究同时指出，领域微调可大幅提升总体层面统计真实性。</span></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: none;min-height: 1em;visibility: visible;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;" data-mpa-action-id="mi5ftgine5l" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="">关键词：统计真实性（Statistical Realism），大语言模型（LLM），社会调查数据（Survey Data），数字孪生（Digital Twin），基准测试（Benchmark），人口模拟（Population Simulation）</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: right;"><span leaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07314814814814814" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9e4327b6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FkYGbMpocXYPuX1Vj6XEGVxic9ZxK2qhAJb3ibtLGalDXsqXP5aGtBGM3JwZWGVD4unb8wNtfM3UTKtAS2u8kQGCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26tp%3Dwebp%26wxfrom%3D5%26wx_lazy%3D1"/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" style="height: auto !important;" data-src=""/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);">任筱芃<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨作者</span></span></p><div style="text-align: right;"><p style="text-align: right;"><span leaf="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-size: 13px;font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: none solid rgb(73, 73, 73);" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;data-mpa-powered-by&#34;:&#34;yiban.io&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: right;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">赵思怡<span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">丨审校</span></span></p><p nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.31574074074074077" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-width="1678" data-height="530" data-imgfileid="100247335" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=02aa6422&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSTofIL6bRMWzHvGQ089Gibo8dnqUWJgkl7mK6J8ZJVZCyjFVXzgXpl5kLEyjURhzZvmnA0ZdQiblSXCuy3WzPp7RB13ia6PY1YYQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p></div></div><blockquote><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="mocpd4gp40y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文题目：Evaluating the Statistical Realism of LLM-Generated Social Science Data</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpdil" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文链接：<a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2538145123" target="_blank">https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2538145123</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpdil" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">发表时间：2026年5月8日</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1cl3" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">论文来源：PNAS</span></span></p></blockquote><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">不可能完美的抽样</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpzn7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">社会统计学家 Jerzy Neyman 将总体定义为“满足特定定义但个体属性各异的实体类别” (Neyman, 1937)。如果个体的属性各不相同，那么“异质性”——即人与人之间的系统性差异——就不是数据的噪声。好的数据采集方法的目标不是消灭变异，而是如实地再现它。变异是人类社会无法剥离的统计特征。收入不均、教育分化、健康差异、寿命分层如果被当作数据的“噪声”来消除，那么所得的数据对社会科学家而言将毫无意义，因为社会科学要研究的恰恰就是这些差异本身。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpptf" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">近一个世纪后，大语言模型的发展似乎提供了一个非常方便的方法来补充甚至取代问卷调查。给 GPT 系列模型一个人的性别、种族、年龄，它就能输出这个人的收入、婚姻状况、健康水平。听起来很方便。2023年的一项先驱性研究表明，GPT-3 生成的样本在美国民意调查领域展现出了“显著的保真度” (Argyle et al., 2023)。如果 LLM 真能生成足够真实的人口数据，那么困扰社会科学几十年的数据缺失、样本流失、隐私约束、反事实不可观测等问题都将被代偿。这一愿景非常诱人。但在真正投入使用之前，我们需要对大模型生成的社会学数据进行全面评估。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpl7h" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">过去对 LLM 生成数据的评估几乎全部聚焦于“个体层面的预测准确率”，即模型能否猜对某个人的调查回答。社会科学家更关心的是这批合成数据能否复现真实人口的分布形态、变量关联、结构关系。就像抽样调查的价值不在于每个受访者是否“真实”，而在于样本能否近似总体的统计矩 (Groves et al., 2011)——均值是否对、方差是否对、相关系数矩阵是否对、分布的偏度和峰度是否对。统计矩才是关键。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1t6o" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这项提交至 PNAS 的研究系统地将社会科学抽样调查的底层逻辑应用于 LLM 生成数据的评估。结果比预想的更令人不安。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">研究背景与问题</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpw1f" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">社会科学的数据困境</span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1trd" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">社会科学研究长期受困于数据的五个根本性限制。关键变量（如财富、主观幸福感、认知能力）难以采集且常伴生测量误差；纵向追踪数据的时间跨度不足；几乎所有调查数据都面临拒访和样本流失导致的缺失值；隐私限制和机构壁垒压缩实证研究的空间；社会科学家永远无法直接观测反事实结果(Holland, 1986)。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1gxh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这是老问题，因此 AI 生成数据被视为潜在的解决方案。近年的两条主要研究脉络分别是预测个体生命轨迹（如生育、教育、健康），以及开发基于 LLM 的社会智能体来理解交互行为（如调查响应、舆论极化）。但越来越多的证据表明，AI 生成数据无法代表真实人口，甚至可能产生有偏结论。早期研究发现语言模型往往未能完全反映代表性民意 (Santurkar et al., 2023)；更新的研究进一步表明，现代 LLM 展现出强烈的、主题依赖的“机器偏见”和变异性降低 (Boelaert et al., 2025)。偏差无处不在。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1v19" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">现有评估实践几乎全部围绕个体层面的预测准确性展开。但社会科学本质上是人口科学 (Goldthorpe, 2016)。即使拥有丰富的背景信息，研究者也很少能对个体结果做出精确预测 (Lundberg et al., 2024)。个体层面的强预测性能不应被视为有效性的核心标准。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp4of" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">SSDataBench</span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1fvv" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究团队提出了 SSDataBench（SocialScienceDataBench），一个系统性的基准测试框架。其核心创新在于将评估标准从“个体准确率”转向“人口层面的统计真实性”——即 LLM 生成的合成数据能否复现真实世界的统计模式。</span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpz5g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">五个评估维度</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp5e" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">框架设计了五类统计模式评估，覆盖社会科学研究的核心需求。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpx9l" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一类，单变量分布（Type 1）。检验 LLM 能否复现各目标变量的分布形态。例如，受教育水平的分布是否与真实人口一致。使用 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 检验（数值型）和 Pearson 卡方检验（类别型）进行评估。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1tb7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二类，双变量关联（Type 2）。检验变量对之间的关联强度是否与真实数据一致。使用 Fisher z 检验（数值×数值）、Delta-method z 检验（类别×类别、类别×数值）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp72n" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三类，多变量结果预测（Type 3）。以性别、种族、最高学历（横截面数据集还包括年龄）为协变量，以数值型目标变量为结果，检验回归模型的 R² 是否一致。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpkcq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第四类，生命事件序列分布（Type 4）。检验人生轨迹的排列顺序分布是否与真实人口一致。例如“先结婚→后工作→再生育”这条路径在真实数据中占比多少，在合成数据中是否被保留。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpd2q" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第五类，生命事件序列与协变量的关联（Type 5）。检验人生轨迹与社会经济变量之间的关联结构是否被复现。</span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp19e7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">七大数据集</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp22pn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究使用了 4 个纵向追踪数据集和 3 个横截面数据集，涵盖六大社会领域：</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4027777777777778" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="233" data-imgfileid="100247337" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9aa92ae2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTVibLHfkBgE7iclQAPnKxanicoUPolsWOpdxXkZCegLV0jx2QnPcELIDKsneNsibRCiblAjia4OZr8ibibwKaup0EMvricsCt9Q3wEmPSA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1s76" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">模拟方法</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tple2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">对每个数据集，随机抽取 1000 个真实个体，用其背景变量（性别、种族等）作为输入条件，让 15 个 LLM 分别为每个个体生成一个“数字孪生”。合成数据集随后与真实数据通过五类统计检验进行对比。规模相当可观。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8325892857142857" data-type="png" data-w="896" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-width="896" data-height="746" data-backw="562" data-backh="468" data-imgfileid="100246660" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cef2f1a8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSojYY7VecdXtwrMiaGeqXK3Z0XeOdCZU7OOLx6glibuReBSSibXX8PXlj4VMZtoCKkd7FaXVAw8qib4LDZGjZGYo9hibsRRI4lKHAo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnxprpzv5" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molnxps91vu6" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1：SSDataBench 基准测试框架概览。(a) 从数据准备到模拟生成再到统计评估的完整流程。(b) 五类统计模式的评估方法，每类都通过假设检验判断 LLM 生成数据是否与真实数据存在显著差异。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpcm8" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">四种系统性缺陷</span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpltw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">15 个 LLM 在 7 个数据集、五类统计模式上的平均通过率普遍很低。表现最好的 GPT-4 和 Llama-3.1 平均通过率也仅 0.30，表现最差的 Claude-4.5-Haiku 仅为 0.19。值得注意的是，五类评估中存在清晰的梯度：分布类测试（Type 1 单变量分布、Type 4 生命事件序列分布）通过率最低，而关联类测试（Type 2 双变量关联、Type 3 多变量预测、Type 5 轨迹-协变量关联）通过率显著更高。这意味着 LLM 捕捉变量间关联结构的能力强于复现完整分布的能力，即它们能大致理解“学历与收入相关”，却无法准确再现“收入在人口中的具体分布形态”。在 NLSY 和 CFPS 等纵向数据集上，Type 4（生命事件序列分布）的通过率尤其惨淡，多数模型得分为 0。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-backh="283" data-backw="562" data-height="469" data-imgfileid="100246659" data-ratio="0.5037593984962406" style="background-color: transparent;width: 100%;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="931" data-width="931" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=00cf67e9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHTBkCAgtnBl36ysf2asxuzOvLicJ977qOrW2xvapMN3O92k0RXEicJXEibUCpnicrwZD5Guzaqpanme2NJGof9I90QibiaiaXaeze8ibTw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molny6vnesr" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molny6w7quk" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图2：15 个 LLM 在 7 个数据集上的五类统计模式通过率热力图。颜色越深表示通过率越高。Type 4（生命事件序列分布）大面积呈现白色（通过率为0），是最薄弱的环节。</span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1h8u" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">缺陷一：压缩异质性</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp12b5" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">LLM 生成的数据在分布上趋向于集中，丧失了真实人口的多样性。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpgju" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以 Gemini-2.5-Flash 在 NLSY 上的案例为例，真实数据中“初婚年龄”呈现宽泛分布，但合成数据中的分布明显向典型值坍缩。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1yfe" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">自我评估记忆力的分布也呈现类似模式——真实人口中存在从“极差”到“极好”的完整光谱，而 LLM 倾向于将大多数人的数据“生成”在中间值带。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp8h2" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">也就是说中间态被过度代表了，两端泯灭了。量化这一现象的工具是信息熵。类别型变量的熵值对比显示，合成数据的熵值系统性低于真实数据，意味着 LLM 在生成过程中丢失了变异信息。换言之，多样性被吞噬了。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="329" data-imgfileid="100246656" data-ratio="0.3790322580645161" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="868" data-width="868" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2f555991&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ722XTFqeyj6H0Txc9JB3NcNOdiaYR0iacicRJVH9cObfBoReh9ItrE83k19cnApuS2gXK8n7ZO7wfCYnDVeer2jqq1uFht926XE%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnz16e96o" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molnz172222b" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图3：Gemini-2.5-Flash 在 NLSY 上的分布坍缩案例。</span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tp1uo0" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">缺陷二：膨胀关联性</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tptv9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">LLM 不仅压缩了分布，还膨胀了变量之间的关联。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tpc1w" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Cramér&#39;s V 统计量（衡量两个类别变量之间关联强度，范围 0-1）在合成数据中系统性偏高。在真实 NLSY 数据中，最高学历与性别、职业、自评健康之间的关联相对温和，但在合成数据中，这些关联被大幅放大。生成数据中许多变量对的 Cramér&#39;s V 超过 0.6，部分甚至接近 0.8 或 1，在真实项目应用中就有可能高估现有知识、能力和判断的准确性，低估风险和不确定性。部分情况下，LLM 放大了真实世界中已存在的微弱关联（如学历与职业的关系）；另一些情况下，LLM 则凭空创造了真实数据中不存在的强关联。无论哪种情况，其结果都是将复杂的社会现象简化为确定性的因果叙事——而使用者可能完全不知道生成数据中隐含了多少这种模式化的偏见。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1o4d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">从全局视角看，合成数据的 Cramér&#39;s V 分布整体右移——中位数高于真实数据，且出现大量高值聚集（&gt;0.6），这在真实数据中几乎不存在。这一现象在</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqqo1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">统计真实性较低的模型中尤为突出。更危险的是这种刻板关联的投射是隐性的，即使用者可能完全不知道生成数据中包含了多少先验偏见。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="276" data-imgfileid="100246658" data-ratio="0.4005805515239477" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="689" data-width="689" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cf2b9321&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQyYMzpVJo5VWibLPeWn1bKdYWE4hSuIdaCNy4L8g4fHwFDHCGyTCUFh9V9XKehFKicacyfyOs5BGics9XLqggQBwsibFNNF6KyvHc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnzfmrq75" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molnzfna1yde" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图4：统计量在所有模型和数据集上的分布对比（箱线图）。(b) Cramér&#39;s V——合成数据关联偏强且高值聚集。</span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq15wh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">缺陷三：夸大可预测性</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1t1p" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">多变量回归分析揭示了更深层的问题。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqvyg" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">当以 Race、Gender、Highest Education 为自变量预测各类结果变量时，合成数据的 R² 值远高于真实数据。以“30-40岁平均收入（对数）”为例：合成数据的回归模型 R² 接近 0.6，意味着种族、性别和学历“解释”了 60% 以上的收入差异。但真实数据中，同样的模型 R² 不到 0.1。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqi61" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">总之，LLM 们反而最终是在告诉我们仅凭种族、性别和学历就能高度预测一个人的收入。这不是研究者得出的结论，而是模型输出所投射的世界图景，同时也是社会科学几十年来试图打破的刻板叙事。这种“过度可预测性”在</span></span><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq18y9" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">统计真实性低的模型中尤为严重。许多合成数据的 R² 值超过 0.8，而真实数据中 R² 值普遍低于 0.2。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="322" data-imgfileid="100246657" data-ratio="0.6865671641791045" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="469" data-width="469" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=89c7096f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQ5HuxvYyFX3hUw1sbRJKrwaGXd6AKTUYSAury9Awek7Eol8bxw1ffuV9tGKVVRElQyzWB8S4W4r3aXZYBHunw8GHQcA09C4rc%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnzuz31xt5" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molnzuzoz65" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5：Gemini-2.5-Flash 在 NLSY 上的回归模型 R² 对比——合成数据中预测力被严重夸大，尤其是收入预测。</span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1l3o" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">缺陷四：类型的坍缩</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqr89" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">五类评估中，Type 4（生命事件序列分布）的通过率最低。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq128g" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">LLM 生成的人生轨迹呈现严重的“坍缩”现象——多数虚拟个体的生命路径被压缩为极少数典型模式。人生被模板化了。以 NLSY 数据为例，真实人口中“初婚(M)→开始工作(W)→初次生育(C)”三事件的排序存在六种可能组合，且分布相对分散。但生成数据中，绝大多数虚拟个体被推向了最“规范”的路径——“先工作、再结婚、后生育” (W→M→C)，其他排列被严重低估。六条路只剩一条。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq22gh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">信息熵的对比展示了合成数据的轨迹熵值显著低于真实数据。LLM 在训练过程中习得了“典型人生”的叙事模板——读书、工作、结婚、生子。当被要求生成虚拟人口时，它倾向于把所有人都推向这条“标准路径”，就好像全世界的 80 亿人都在遵循同一种人生剧本一样。模板化。单一化。扁平化。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqklm" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">但真实人生不是模板，而且从我们对故事性的直觉来看，即使有这样的模板我们也不喜欢。有人先有孩子再结婚，有人中途辍学后创业成功，有人一辈子未婚并将有限的生命投入无限地开拓中。这些非典型但真实的人生轨迹，在 LLM 的输出中几乎消失了。真实 NLSY 数据中存在相当比例的非标准路径，但在合成数据中这些排列被严重低估，多样性急剧下降。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1lub" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">生命轨迹与协变量之间的关联结构同样失真。下图展示了 NLSY 中“初婚、开始工作、初次生育”三事件序列与性别、最高学历、移民状态等变量之间的 Cramér&#39;s V。虽然 Type 5（轨迹-协变量关联）不像 Type 2 那样出现系统性膨胀，但偏差依然明显。合成数据中大量关联超过 0.5，而真实数据中几乎没有如此强的依赖。模型未能捕捉到性别、学历、移民身份等变量对人生轨迹排序的关键影响。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="332" data-imgfileid="100246662" data-ratio="0.36363636363636365" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="913" data-width="913" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=08e99808&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHQcRlcKVOTCo3cdjicBRppssUicK1ZWAZ7UddM8zyBic3ccEYJvibvzA5KWX6Fiboq4AkG8ULkh7yBowzBeRTwroiaA51EmBdpL1OKd0%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molo04b622o6" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molo04bqqcf" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图6：Gemini-2.5-Flash 在 NLSY 上的生命事件序列分析。(e) 初婚(M)、开始工作(W)、初次生育(C) 三事件的排序分布——合成数据严重偏向 W→M→C 路径。(f) 完成教育(E)、开始工作(W)、初次生育(C) 序列与协变量的 Cramér&#39;s V——偏差虽非系统性膨胀，但仍显著偏离真实数据。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqa7t" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">Scale不是答案</span></span></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq16lw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">面对这些缺陷，一个顺延的猜测是更大的模型、更新的版本，表现应该更好。过去几年，通过扩大参数规模、延长上下文窗口、增加训练数据，LLM 在几乎所有标准能力基准测试上都实现了持续跃升。无论是编程、数学推理、多语言翻译、专业考试，模型家族内的更新更大的版本几乎总是碾压旧版本。因此有理由期待统计真实性也会随模型能力的提升而水涨船高。但数据否定了这个直觉。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqvix" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">模型容量与统计真实性之间并未呈现出预期的正向关联。从 GPT-3.5-Turbo（平均通过率 0.28）到 GPT-5（0.20），性能不升反降。同一模型家族内，新一代并不比上一代更好。Claude-3-Haiku (0.23)、Claude-3.5-Haiku (0.21)、Claude-4.5-Haiku (0.19) 三代递减。这一模式表明，统计真实性的缺失可能不是暂时的能力不足，而是一个结构性挑战。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="836" data-imgfileid="100246663" data-ratio="0.6157407407407407" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" data-width="1358" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a2b74bee&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHSiafnib2KM6uAIBrQrC65v4HLTOTLdHArONlnUAJfaQ21QyibpwPgEV4ZXl6w6PKCJcicLAibic8PDguE2bDvFT4QP4hs48kfBCbTzo%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molo0mfhavy" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molo0mg3ov6" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图7：五类统计量在所有模型和数据集上的分布对比（箱线图）。每对箱线图分别对应真实数据（左）和合成数据（右）。(a) 类别变量信息熵——合成数据系统性偏低。(b) Cramér&#39;s V——合成数据关联偏强且高值聚集。(c) R²——合成数据预测力系统性偏高。(d) 生命事件序列信息熵——合成数据轨迹多样性显著不足。(e) 轨迹-协变量 Cramér&#39;s V——合成数据仍存在偏差。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1u26" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">原因有二。在模型层面，LLM 的训练目标优化的是逐例预测准确性（case-wise prediction accuracy），而非跨多例的分布保真度（distributional fidelity）。准确性导向的目标甚至会放大类型化倾向——模型倾向于为每个输入给出“最可能”的答案，而真实人口需要的恰恰是变异。在数据层面，大量丰富的社会科学数据以表格等量化格式存储和流通，而非自然语言。现有 LLM 难以从文本语料中内化这些结构化信息。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq18bn" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这意味着，改善统计真实性不能依赖单纯扩大模型规模，而需要针对性的方法。</span></span></p><h3 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1zlx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(33, 182, 210);font-weight: bold;">通往更好统计真实性的路径</span></span></h3><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1bd6" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">三条改善路径</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqxle" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">更丰富的输入有可能改善生成的结果。辅助实验表明，当从输入条件中移除性别和种族等背景变量时，统计真实性普遍恶化。在 Add Health 和 U.S. Census 两个数据集上测试的研究使用了 GPT-4o、Gemini-2.5-Flash、Llama-3.1 三个模型，发现移除 Gender 和 Race 后所有模型的统计真实性均出现下降 (Xie et al., 2025)。这意味着，提供更丰富的输入信息是改善合成数据质量的有效策略。在数据采集环节投入更多成本，直接反映在模拟结果的统计保真度上。研究者应当尽可能详尽地提供人口学和社会经济背景信息，而非仅用最少的变量组合。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1n05" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">情境条件有可能约束输出。正如 American Voices Project 所倡导的，质性数据能够捕捉量化调查难以测量的生活经验和社会情境 (Edin et al., 2024)。将访谈文本作为 LLM 的输入，可能提供比结构化变量更深的“锚定”。从人口统计数字转向有温度的生活叙事，从变量到故事，从表格到口述历史，这些更贴近人的数据可能是未来模型上下文能力提升后值得尝试的。LLM 在处理非结构化文本方面天然具有优势 (Verhagen et al., 2025)。如果一个数字孪生不仅知道“这位受访者是 35 岁的非裔美国女性、高中学历”，还能读到她关于成长经历的口述历史文本，模型就有可能生成更贴近真实变异的模拟结果。这恰好是 LLM 区别于传统统计模型的核心能力。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tquoh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">微调是目前在工程实践中最有可能被用上的。这是三条路径中目前验证最充分的一条。研究团队用 CPS-ASEC (1970) 的 1000 个样本对 Llama-3.1 (8B) 进行微调，然后在三个完全不同的数据集上评估泛化能力。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-aistatus="1" data-height="213" data-imgfileid="100246661" data-ratio="0.3474714518760196" style="background-color: transparent;height: auto !important;" data-type="png" data-w="613" data-width="613" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8889c1d8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_png%2FqZtAVROIcHR2XiayozowTrt1HSGzfmdqnM8bk1cxSbRU0IDECsbjm6ibmPreIUibP9YAmpgazTP0vrgowiceabpMgfcxpQKxuZ6C9189R0IicYTw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.5em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molo2ug21q5p" style="font-size: 13px;" data-mpa-action-id="molo2ugn1rm7" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图8：Llama-3.1 (8B) 在 CPS-ASEC (1970) 上微调前后的通过率对比。微调在三个未见数据集上均带来显著提升，其中同数据集跨情境迁移的提升最大。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1p87" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">微调数据来自与评估不同的社会情境（1970 vs. 1980），且在一个数据集上完全是跨数据集迁移。这表明领域特定的训练数据能实质性增强统计真实性，且具有一定的泛化能力。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqa12" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">特别值得注意的是，CPS-ASEC (1970) 的 1000 个微调样本在跨十年（1970→1980）的情境迁移中使通过率翻了一倍以上，在完全不同的 GSS 数据集上也带来了 24% 的提升——这暗示统计真实性并非完全依赖特定数据的记忆，而是可以通过学习更一般的人口分布规律来改善。</span></span></p><h4 style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1tzh" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">局限性</span></span></h4><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqau7" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">研究团队坦诚了三个主要局限。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq19va" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第一，通过率涉及若干主观决策。Bootstrap 样本量的选择、汇总统计量的定义、具体统计检验的选取及其参数化、以及 0.05 的常规显著性阈值，都涉及不可避免的判断。通过率应被理解为比较性而非绝对性指标。不同模型之间的相对性能排序是可靠的，因为所有模型都在同一套统计量、检验和阈值下评估。案例研究中的描述性结果也为二元通过/失败的判定提供了补充。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1ipw" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第二，评估主要在稀疏条件下进行。模型仅被提供有限的人口背景变量，目标变量完全不可观测。在这一设定下，传统的插补方法并不直接适用，因为它们通常假设目标变量至少部分可观测。在部分可观测场景下将 LLM 与 SOTA 插补方法进行基准对比，是一个重要的未来方向。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1vbt" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">第三，虽然使用了大规模调查作为最佳可用的实证基线，但调查数据本身并非完美的“真值”。覆盖偏差、拒答偏差、流失偏差、访员偏差、社会期望偏差、回忆误差和测量误差等问题在调查研究中普遍存在。任何以调查数据为“真值”的评估框架，都不可避免地受到这些偏差的污染。研究者在解读评估结果时，应当总是将这一层不确定性纳入考量。</span></span></p><h3 style="outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><span leaf="">因果推断的潜在价值</span></strong></span></strong></strong></p></div></div></div></div></h3><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqhmx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">以上缺陷们、缩放无效的困境、改善路径的初步探索所反映的是当前的 LLM 生成数据距离统计保真还有显著差距，但差距的方向是可辨识的、可干预的。正是这一条件性，使得讨论下游应用的前景成为有可能的、有约束的技术愿景。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1l4d" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">如果经过适当的训练，AI 生成数据在社会科学中具有独特的前景——尤其是在因果推断领域。设想一个场景：研究者想知道“大学教育对收入的因果效应”，但现实中无法随机分配大学入学机会。如果 LLM 能够生成统计真实的合成人口，研究者就能在虚拟世界中为同一个人同时生成上大学和不上大学两种反事实结果，直接估计因果效应。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tqp23" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">Holland 四十年前指出，因果推断的根本问题在于反事实结果不可观测 (Holland, 1986)。如果 LLM 能够生成统计真实的合成人口，研究者就能在虚拟世界中进行随机化实验、操纵关键变量、观测反事实结果。可能性巨大。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq1gt1" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这将从根本上改变社会科学的实证研究范式。随机对照实验——社会科学因果推断的“金标准”——将从昂贵、耗时、伦理敏感的实地操作，转变为可以在计算集群上批量运行的模拟过程。但前提是合成数据至少要先通过统计保真度的检验。SSDataBench 为这一目标提供了可操作的评估框架和受约束的改进路线。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq10iq" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">路虽远，行则将至。</span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 24px;line-height: 1.75em;"><span leaf="" mpa-font-style="molnp4tq46y" style="font-size: 15px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">这项研究的核心启示可以浓缩为统计保真度是 LLM 生成数据的“生命线”。没有它，一切下游应用——因果推断、政策模拟、人口预测——都建立在泡影之上。SSDataBench 的五维框架（分布形态、双变量关联、多变量预测、轨迹分布、轨迹-协变量关联）为后续研究设定了可用的标尺，而跨数据集的系统评估则提供了目前最全面的基准数据。</span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">参考文献</span></strong></p></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" 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leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">, vol. 121, no. 24, June 2024, doi:10.1073/pnas.2322973121.</span></span></span></span></p></li></ol></p></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin-top: 3px;margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 1px;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><span leaf="">参考文献可</span><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">上下滑动</span></strong><span leaf="">查看</span></p></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;"><div style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -15px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><div style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 0px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;outline: 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href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247715376&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=e9b6f441a1a3615be72bb0b60594c015&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界" data-itemshowtype="11" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">集智学园精品课程免费开放，解锁系统科学与 AI 新世界</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6. <a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247716932&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=1fcb8a78a7f0157ad35a15d99f7ee9c1&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: underline;">高考分数只是张入场券，你的科研冒险在这里启航！</span></a></span></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px 8px 8px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-align: justify;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">7. </span><a class="normal_text_link" target="_blank" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;color: var(--weui-LINK);text-decoration: none;-webkit-user-drag: none;cursor: default;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247723899&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=82ad39015c3344e60429458914002f64&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”" data-itemshowtype="0" linktype="text" data-linktype="2"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">加入集智字幕组：成为复杂科学知识社区的“织网人”</span></a></span></strong></strong></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-aistatus="1" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.562962962962963" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="width: 100%;height: auto !important;" type="block" data-backw="578" data-backh="325" data-imgfileid="100236176" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b440b63a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FwibWV1DB7tWIQ6jnCicOjE0871icX5jDeO9ae3mLb0rA2LAmicBSjrMobialpbJDUgK1SOicMukof4WnRb9rvXqc4IhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mokzk4zw4mr" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span mpa-font-style="mokzk4z5f5h" style="font-size: 14px;"><span data-mpa-action-id="mokzk8fastn" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span mpa-font-style="mokzk8epalx" style="font-size: 15px;"><span leaf="">#解读</span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.578px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-indent: 0em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;font-weight: 700;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);"><span leaf="">点击“阅读原文”，报名读书会</span></span></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>


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      <pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2026 14:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
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