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      <title>CKGFuzzer：通过代码知识库强化基于LLM的模糊测试驱动生成</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487263&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=35334f2494ee886fa8d4ced6f27e70fb</link>
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原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-07-14 11:31</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-imgfileid="100002145" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" width="677px" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">CKGFuzzer: LLM-Based Fuzz Driver Generation Enhanced By Code Knowledge Graph</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Hanxiang Xu</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.544px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;; font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;; mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;font&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;face&#34;:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">, </span></font></span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">Wei Ma, Ting Zhou, Yanjie Zhao, Kai Chen</span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11532" target="_blank">https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11532</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">2024 arxiv（在投）</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/security-pride/CKGFuzzer" target="_blank">https://github.com/security-pride/CKGFuzzer</a></span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">近年来，大型语言模型（llm）的编程能力引起了极大的关注。模糊测试是一种高效的技术，在提高软件可靠性和检测漏洞方面起着关键作用。然而，传统的模糊测试工具依赖于手工制作的模糊驱动程序，这可能会限制测试的效率和有效性。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了一种自动化模糊测试方法，该方法由</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">代码知识图驱动</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，并由基于</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">llm的智能代理</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">系统（称为CKGFuzzer）提供支持。我们将模糊驱动程序创建作为</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">代码生成任务</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">利用代码存储库的知识</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">图在模糊循环中自动化生成过程</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，同时不断地</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">细化模糊驱动程序和输入种子。通过程序间分析构建代码知识图</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，图中的每个节点代表一个代码实体，如函数或文件。知识图增强的CKGFuzzer不仅可以有效解决模糊驱动中的编译错误，生成</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">针对特定API使用场景的输入种子</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，还可以</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">分析模糊驱动崩溃报告</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，帮助开发人员提高代码质量。通过查询代码库的知识图和从API使用场景中学习，我们可以更好地识别测试目标，并了解每个模糊驱动程序的特定目的。我们使用八个开源软件项目来评估我们的方法。实验结果表明，与最先进的技术相比，CKGFuzzer在</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">代码覆盖率方面平均提高了8.73%</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。此外，CKGFuzzer将崩溃案例分析中的人工审查工作量减少了84.4%，并在</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">测试库中成功检测到11个真正的bug（包括9个以前未报告的bug）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。我们的研究通过</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">改进模糊驱动生成策略和输入种子分析</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，提高了模糊测试的整体性能，为漏洞修复和软件质量改进提供了更有效的解决方案。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">本文的研究动机主要有两点</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1.现有的基于大模型的库模糊测试驱动生成工具大多是zero-shot 的，本文借鉴RAG 思想，为模糊测试驱动的生成从目标库中提取相关的context，以辅助和增强大模型生成有效测试驱动的能力</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2.使用大模型生成的模糊测试驱动缺少对应的种子，本文利用大模型来为模糊测试驱动生成对应的种子。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3.使用生成的驱动进行Fuzz 得到的Crash 可能来自API 的误用，也可能是真实的bug。针对Crash 的分析费时费力。本文利用大模型实现Crash 的自动化分析。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003601" data-ratio="0.3349397590361446" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="830" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=dad97a27&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC05q4A2Cc3lHq7UrATCgDt7jrZ1DCiaDicwLAmTCMibzUTKDMWBFWrwQe1A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1 CKGFuzze</span><span leaf=""> 工作流</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">最初，CKGFuzzer解析得到目标库中的api，从被测项目中提取代码的知识图谱并生成其嵌入。这个解析过程包括两个步骤：首先，解析抽象语法树，其次，执行过程间程序分析。解析器提取关键信息，如数据结构、函数实现、函数签名和调用关系。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">接下来，CKGFuzzer对于库中的每个API，基于调用关系或功能相似性，获取API组合并生成相应的模糊驱动程序。CKGFuzzer然后尝试编译这些生成的模糊驱动程序并解决出现的编译错误。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在驱动程序生成和修复过程中，我们为CKGFuzzer提供了一个动态更新的库使用知识库。一旦成功编译了fuzz驱动程序，CKGFuzzer就会执行它们，同时监视每个库文件的代码覆盖率。它采用代码覆盖引导的迭代过程来改变无法覆盖新路径的API组合。这个迭代过程会一直持续下去，直到发现新的代码路径或耗尽突变预算为止。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">最后，CKGFuzzer使用思维链推理来分析在模糊测试期间产生的任何崩溃。为了验证这些崩溃的有效性，我们引用了一个llm生成的知识库，其中包含与cwe相关的真实源代码示例。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;" data-pm-slice="8 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">四、模块设计</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．目标库代码知识图谱的创建 </span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]"><br/></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003603" data-ratio="0.540587219343696" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="579" style="width: 360px;height: 195px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3837dcab&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC0hJJ25asa9DxQia0DfgteJdaSyiatpSjnsPXnctm847kph75ERNjdtCmw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">CKGFuzzer 中的代码知识图谱由三种节点组成：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">文件节点D</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">函数节点F</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">3)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">外部函数LIBRARY FUNCTION</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">其中的边有两种</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">D -&gt; F 的 包含 关系</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">F -&gt; F 的call 关系</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">。特别地，CKG会为外部函数创建 LIBARRY FUNCTION 节点 和 LIBRARY CALL 的边</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">其中，F 节点包含 源代码、签名、摘要（summary） 等属性。D 节点包含 摘要（summary） 属性。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．API 组合的生成 </span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">API Combination Generation</span></span></strong></span><span leaf="">）</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003604" data-ratio="0.7120743034055728" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="646" style="width:326px;height:232px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=21d0c2b8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC0pMlFq4ALgiciak0n5sIbysxlAQEmicyCC1yPAHbW3nbSUbib58074J6rUA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 2 API 组合生成算法</span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">算法如上图所示。借助嵌入生成和相似度匹配的方法，根据 query 搜寻相关的 chunks 。根据 Chunks 迭代地优化 query 的答案 repsponse 。 最后从 response 提取出相关的 API 组合。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．模糊测试驱动生成 </span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Fuzz Driver Generation）</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文通过构建提示词，指导大模型进行模糊测试驱动的生成。我们的提示词策略强调模糊驱动程序生成的几个关键方面：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">任务定义</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：LLM的任务是生成一个模糊驱动程序来测试提供的API组合。提示符指定每个API必须在函数LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput中调用，以确保API集的全面测试覆盖率。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">API上下文</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：提示符包括API源代码、头和自然语言摘要。这为LLM提供了必要的上下文，以正确利用api并根据其功能和约束管理其输入和输出。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误处理</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了防止模糊驱动程序本身不稳定，这可能导致崩溃并降低整体模糊效率，提示符包括明确的指令，用于稳健的错误处理和仔细的内存管理。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">4．动态程序修复</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Dynamic Program Repair）</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003605" data-ratio="1.108267716535433" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="508" style="width:285px;height:316px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ec8b06a6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC0GZiakQmYhYa938mIMc6bcj5Lmvw6w9aUIk1DNppyP5ErswG2SKB1Csw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><font face="黑体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="黑体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">模糊测试驱动修复</span></font></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">算法如上图所示。为了实现动态程序修复，我们首先初始化一个知识库，其中包含正确的库API用法，该知识库由来自OSS-Fuzz的fuzz驱动程序示例和库的头文件构建。值得注意的是，虽然OSSFuzz代码侧重于单个API，但我们的方法处理API组合。头文件有助于解决由于缺少include语句而导致的错误。当CKGFuzzer遇到编译失败时，它处理编译器错误消息并构造一个查询来搜索外部知识库，以查找错误API或代码片段的正确用法。CKGFuzzer继续查询知识库并迭代地应用修复，直到fuzz驱动程序成功编译或达到最大迭代限制。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">此外，所有成功编译的模糊驱动程序都被插入到知识库中，动态更新正确API使用模式的存储库。这种动态更新策略确保知识库随着时间的推移而发展，逐渐扩展到涵盖跨不同库的更广泛的API使用场景。因此，我们的方法在修复错误方面保持了高水平的适应性和准确性，减少了反复编译失败的机会。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="5 2 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">5．输入种子池的初始化 </span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Input Bank Initialization）</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在模糊测试开始之前，我们通过使用llm为每个模糊驱动程序生成输入种子来初始化输入库。输入生成过程从对模糊驱动程序的数据流的详细分析开始，在这里我们提取变量之间的价值流关系。随后，我们提取与模糊驱动程序交互的API函数签名，这有助于理解预期输入的结构和约束。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="5 2 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">6．覆盖率引导的变异</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Coverage Guided Mutationr</span><span leaf="">）</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003606" data-ratio="1.2089285714285714" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="560" style="width:350px;height:423px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ab23e91c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC02euCpIb7uxT8nk4Vapoic7Oomcj1l61vNib1BIibAicD9YugsicRvKYRXyQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><font face="黑体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="黑体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">覆盖率引导的变异</span></font></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在模糊测试过程中，CKGFuzzer监视每个模糊驱动程序实现的代码覆盖率。它分析整个库的覆盖率数据，并识别与整个库相比覆盖率较低的文件。对于每个低覆盖率文件，将提取定义的API函数，并根据文件的覆盖率排名生成一个优先级列表，称为低覆盖率API列表。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">然后，这个低覆盖率API列表用于指导LLM在模糊驱动程序中突变和重组当前API组合。其目标是通过关注未开发的api来探索新的执行路径并增加代码覆盖率。如算法3所示，突变过程是迭代的：CKGFuzzer根据低覆盖率API列表继续查询具有新API组合的LLM，直到覆盖新的分支或计算资源耗尽。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="5 2 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">7. 崩溃分析</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Crash Analysis）</span></span></strong></span></p><div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">针对崩溃的自动化分析包括以下三步：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">源代码提取</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：分析开始于隔离发生崩溃的特定代码区域。这包括提取模糊驱动程序源代码的相关部分，以及可能影响崩溃的任何相关API调用。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误模式假设</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在提取相关代码后，LLM系统地分析代码中常见编程错误的模式。这些模式可能包括不安全的内存操作、不正确的变量赋值、不正确的控制流条件等等。在这个阶段，LLM形成了关于哪些代码模式可能导致崩溃的初步假设，并为更深入的探索建立了一个可能的错误源列表。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">基于cwe的模式匹配</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：基于潜在错误模式的假设，LLM构建有针对性的查询来搜索基于cwe的知识库。这个知识库包含超过100个特定于C/ c++程序的真实CWE漏洞，提供了关于已知问题的丰富信息。</span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="">五、评估</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．CKGFuzzer相比其他Fuzzer 的有效性</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf=""> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003607" data-ratio="0.25748502994011974" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="835" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1b5700dc&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC0B9D75ZyJnKadNLoCS4uwJ45GQtgmMLeQibhkmhIztAloNFj5t3AhdMg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 5 覆盖率评估</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">我们选取了八个开源库进行评估：c-ares、cjson、curl、lcms、libpcap、libtiff、libvpx 和 zlib。这些库因其 API 使用的多样性以及在各类软件项目中的广泛应用而被选中。我们将 CKGFuzzer 与其他开源模糊测试器进行了比较，重点对比了基于覆盖率引导的模糊测试器（OSS-Fuzz）和基于大语言模型的模糊测试器（PromptFuzz）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在评估过程中，我们在每个库上运行来自OSS-Fuzz 的模糊测试驱动程序，持续 24 小时。所使用的生成模型为DeepSeek-V2-Coder。如果某个库在 OSS-Fuzz 中包含多个模糊测试驱动，我们会为每个驱动分配相同的时间预算，以确保总模糊测试时间为 24 小时。对于 PromptFuzz，我们使用了与 CKGFuzzer 相同的 API 列表，并将模糊测试的时间也控制为 24 小时。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">随后，我们根据代码覆盖率对CKGFuzzer 的有效性进行了评估。CKGFuzzer、PromptFuzz 和 OSS-Fuzz 的代码覆盖率结果如图5所示。在与其他模糊测试器的对比中，CKGFuzzer 在所测试的 8 个库中，有 6 个取得了最高的分支覆盖率。这种优越性在很大程度上归功于 CKGFuzzer 所生成的结构化 API 组合，这些组合来自一个全面的代码知识图谱，使得 CKGFuzzer 能够捕捉 API 之间复杂的关系与语义依赖，从而生成更具意义的模糊测试驱动程序。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．每种智能体对CKGFUzzer 有效性的贡献</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003608" data-ratio="0.26594464500601683" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3785ff48&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC0LyPZNy2IiaVQTEFkmBe2piaLJ0CYG5MpxZekT4MiaEcXfuSk2VMKvQLPA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 6 消融实验表</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">我们评估的组件包括API组合生成、编译修复和API组合突变的代码知识图谱。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">代码知识图</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了评估代码知识图对CKGFuzzer生成的模糊驱动质量的影响，我们将其与使用库中基于文本的API知识的变体进行了比较。这种变体通过查询由API源代码和API摘要组成的基于文本的知识库来生成API组合。图6的实验结果表明，纯文本检索变体比CKGFuzzer实现了更低的代码覆盖率，这突出了代码知识图在生成高质量模糊驱动方面的有效性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">编译修复</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在CKGFuzzer中，我们引入了动态程序修复组件来修复遇到编译错误的fuzzer驱动程序。在本节中，我们设计实验来评估CKGFuzzer修复编译错误的有效性以及动态程序修复组件对模糊性能的影响。首先，我们创建了两个变体：一个没有任何编译错误修复（没有修复），另一个仅依赖LLM进行程序修复（仅LLM修复）。表2的实验结果显示，未修复的平均编译成功率仅为57.39%(458/798)，说明CKGFuzzer很难直接生成可编译的模糊驱动程序。另一方面，仅llm修复将编译成功率提高到77.19%(616/798)，显示了llm在程序修复方面的巨大潜力。然而，CKGFuzzer的编译成功率为93.99%(750/798)，突出了动态程序修复组件在修复模糊驱动程序编译错误方面的有效性。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003609" data-ratio="0.4961067853170189" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="899" style="width:394px;height:195px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4f96fa65&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC0P5yDA46D17EnIQibjicIRq2a8QGZA3m0EXTDuVBaEzbzoq4K4ppG6fXQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><font face="黑体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 </span></font><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">7</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="黑体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">覆盖率引导消融实验</span></font></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">此外，我们还评估了两个变体的代码覆盖率表现。表II 的结果显示，无修复版本和仅使用大语言模型修复的版本在代码覆盖率方面均低于 CKGFuzzer。这是因为许多模糊测试驱动程序包含独特的 API 组合，但无法成功编译，因此无法参与模糊测试过程，限制了通过多样化的 API 组合在库中探索新的执行路径的潜力。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">基于覆盖率的变异机制</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：CKGFuzzer 利用基于覆盖率引导的变异机制来发现潜在的新 API 组合。为了评估其有效性，我们与一个不进行 API 组合变异的变体进行了对比实验。我们将两个方法的模糊测试时间都固定为 24 小时，以比较它们的覆盖率变化趋势。图 2 展示了 CKGFuzzer 在启用和不启用 API 组合变异的情况下，在不同库中获得的分支覆盖率结果。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．崩溃分析的效果</span></span></strong></span><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003610" data-ratio="0.6067019400352733" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="567" style="width:302px;height:183px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=251e88e5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloq9LnfeibQrYQVDicgJPlkC0s6x8F1LrCV6nU2SsPYMcOdticfXVL3eMR7uuvTcSKDm9XBlAXKW70rA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 8 崩溃分析</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">CKGFuzzer 在模糊测试过程中共发现了 199 个独特的崩溃，其中有 168 个被崩溃分析模块判定为由库 API 的误用引起。为了尽量减少误报，崩溃分析模块会将那些难以明确分类或存在歧义的情况也视为 API 误用导致的崩溃。例如，如果某次崩溃是由于向库 API 传递了不存在或错误的指针，而该 API 本身没有使用防御性编程来验证输入指针的有效性，我们仍将此类情况归类为误用崩溃。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了验证崩溃分析模块在识别API 误用崩溃方面的准确性，我们从每个库的误用崩溃案例中随机抽取了 10% 进行人工检查。经过审查，我们确认这些崩溃确实都是由于模糊测试驱动程序错误使用 API 所导致的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、讨论</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1.</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">不同编程语言的适用性</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">CKGFuzzer 主要是在基于 C 的库上进行评估的，这些库广泛使用，且其 API 文档完善。然而，CKGFuzzer 在其他编程语言（如 Rust、Java 或 Python）中的适用性仍是一个尚未解决的问题。由于每种语言的 API 设计存在差异，CKGFuzzer 可能需要进行相应的调整才能有效应对这些差异。未来的研究可以探索将 CKGFuzzer 适配到这些语言中，从而拓展其应用范围和实用性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2.</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">代码知识图谱的质量</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">代码知识图谱在 CKGFuzzer 中起着核心作用，它指导 API 组合的生成，并在基于覆盖率的变异过程中更新 API 组合。代码知识图谱的完整性和准确性对于生成有效的模糊测试驱动程序至关重要。在我们的实验中，拥有更全面代码知识图谱的库表现出更好的覆盖率和更高的模糊测试效率。提升代码知识图谱的自动化构建与验证能力，有助于进一步提升 CKGFuzzer 的性能，确保其准确反映库的 API 结构和使用模式。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">七、总结</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在本文中，我们提出了CKGFuzzer，一个</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">新的由代码知识图增强的llm驱动的模糊测试框架</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。CKGFuzzer自动生成模糊驱动程序，并引入了几个</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">关键特性</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">来提高模糊测试的有效性。其中包括一个</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">覆盖引导的突变策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，它迭代地改进API组合以探索新的执行路径，一个</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">动态程序修复机制</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，它自动解决生成的模糊驱动程序中的编译错误，以及一个</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">崩溃分析模块</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，它有助于识别运行时失败的根本原因。我们在8个开源项目上的实验表明，CKGFuzzer实现了更好的代码覆盖率，并成功检测了11个真实世界的bug。覆盖引导的突变可以更广泛地探索代码路径，而动态程序修复和崩溃分析模块显著减少了人工干预，使模糊测试过程更加高效和可靠。这些结果突出了利用llm和代码知识图来推进自动化模糊测试的潜力。 </span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002863" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" width="677px" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002867" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" width="677px" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" 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      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2025 11:31:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>ECFuzz：面向大规模系统配置项设置的高效模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487247&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=03519244b9dbe93a53151e11eed98210</link>
      <description></description>
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原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-07-11 10:26</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-imgfileid="100002145" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" width="677px" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">ECFuzz: Effective Configuration Fuzzing for Large-Scale Systems</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Junqiang Li,Senyi Li,Keyao Li,Falin Luo,Hongfang Yu,Shanshan Li,Xiang Li </span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3597503.3623315" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1145/3597503.3623315</a></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">2024 IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/ecfuzz/ECFuzz" target="_blank">https://github.com/ecfuzz/ECFuzz</a></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">配置在模糊测试中是另一个程序输入，它像输入数据一样直接控制程序行为。大规模系统因其海量配置参数导致配置空间庞大，且大多数配置参数具有灵活的约束，因此，在探索配置输入空间时，会导致配置参数间的组合爆炸问题。现有的测试方法在处理复杂配置时存在显著局限性。首先，多数方法独立生成单个配置参数，忽视参数间依赖关系，导致无效测试和代码覆盖率低。其次，直接依赖耗时系统测试验证配置，未利用单元测试预筛选，浪费资源。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">针对上述问题，作者提出ECFuzz，一种基于多维度配置生成与单元测试导向验证的模糊测试框架。其核心贡献在于：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">多维度配置生成策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：通过分析配置参数间的控制、数值、默认值及行为依赖关系，设计差异化变异规则，动态调整参数组合规模，有效覆盖深层交互场景；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试驱动的验证机制</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：利用配置参数与单元测试的映射关系，优先执行轻量级单元测试筛选潜在错误配置，显著降低高开销系统测试的无效执行。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">实验表明，ECFuzz在HCommon、HDFS等5个主流大规模系统中注入1000个测试用例时，意外故障发现数量较ConfTest等工具提升1.87-2.63倍，平均测试用例质量达92.5‰，并成功检测出14个未知配置错误（5个已确认）。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了提高配置测试的有效性，关键是选择一小部分有代表性的配置参数作为测试用例。要实现这一目标需要考虑两个因素：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">配置参数生成</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：生成高质量的配置参数作为测试用例，避免在PUT启动阶段被提前过滤掉，在程序运行阶段探索更多的代码。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">配置参数验证</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：有效的测试用例验证方法可以快速验证生成的测试用例是否有助于发现错误，并避免在不太可能产生错误的测试用例上浪费大量时间在系统测试期间。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">然而，现有的配置测试技术没有充分考虑大规模系统的复杂性，导致测试有效性低。有以下两个挑战：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">挑战：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1) </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">如何有效生成配置参数</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。现有的工作一些使用基于字典或基于语法的模糊技术来生成满足语法有效性的配置参数;另一些使用基于约束的模糊技术来生成违反配置约束的配置参数。多数方法每次仅针对单一参数生成测试用例，忽略参数间存在依赖关系，生成大量无效配置。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">如何有效验证生成的配置参数</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。现有的配置测试技术往往直接将生成的配置参数注入到PUT中进行系统测试，然后监控PUT的状态，验证配置参数是否会触发bug。在小规模程序中，由于系统测试的执行速度快，该方法的时间开销是可以接受的。然而，在大型系统中，执行系统测试的时间成本非常高。一旦生成了不太可能产生错误的配置参数，通常需要花费大量时间对其进行系统测试，资源浪费严重。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">针对上述的问题，作者设计了ECFuzz：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">多维配置生成策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。为了有效地生成大规模系统中的配置参数，提出一种多维配置生成策略。ECFuzz通过分析配置参数间的依赖关系，设计智能变异策略；动态选择多参数组合进行协同变异，并根据测试反馈智能调整参数规模，突破传统单参数变异的局限性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试导向的配置验证策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。ECFuzz利用大规模系统完备的单元测试特性，构建配置参数与单元测试的映射关系，通过轻量级单元测试实现高效配置筛选。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003578" data-ratio="0.18797953964194372" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="782" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2f419466&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZYLtpjVkPzjlnaOcCFORbjkttvbuyXMj9hyicJsj6iahWkRqruaWMiag5w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  ECFuzz的完整流程图</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ECFuzz的完整架构如图1所示，主要包括两个关键部分：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">配置参数生成</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：ECFuzz将默认配置文件和依赖表作为初始输入，然后生成新的配置参数作为测试用例。配置参数生成包括种子生成和智能变异两部分，ECFuzz首先使用种子生成来选择在该模糊化活动中需要进行模糊化的配置参数作为种子，然后使用智能变异来变异这些配置参数以获得测试用例。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">配置参数验证</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：生成测试用例后，ECFuzz通过配置参数与单元测试的映射关系自动获取对应的单元测试，并实时监控它们的运行结果。一旦失败发生，ECFuzz终止单元测试并将单元测试的结果设置为失败。如果单元测试完成且未发生失败，则单元测试的结果设置为成功。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．配置参数生成</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Generate configuration parameters）</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;text-align: center;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003579" data-ratio="0.8286334056399133" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="461" style="width:311px;height:258px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b1a67934&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZAFqbX6e4smNaPWFOYaehx9Aic23umwicSlKR3qKBjnic1gE9WoTynUB2w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></strong></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">种子生成</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在配置模糊中，种子是一组配置参数。它指示在模糊攻击中哪些配置参数值得花费精力进行变异，我们从默认配置文件中随机选择几个配置参数，然后根据依赖关系表查找相关配置参数，如算法1所示。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003580" data-ratio="0.3525835866261398" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="658" style="width:354px;height:125px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3e0c9548&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZw3RYwoRKmudWcWQfCnCqqE4gVpZOFz18j2aINj4QiaX97DIfomZeLRw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 2 cDEP2分析的依赖关系表</span></span></strong></p></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">依赖关系表</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">：描述了cDEP2分析的依赖关系表中的依赖关系类型。这里以元组列表的形式描述依赖关系表本身。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003581" data-ratio="0.14905149051490515" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="369" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=01970e32&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZKAtkKXwIlqH3Uq2MIIBH9YxqCkkh30PUl7OicSsUoVYIfDnpf1hIBdg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Type：依赖类型（由工具cDEP2分析得出）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ConfA和ConfB：存在依赖关系的两个配置参数。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">随机选择</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：随机选择策略从默认配置文件中随机选择K个配置参数。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">相关配置参数搜索</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了保证种子的质量，需要在选择配置参数后，根据种子的依赖关系，添加相应的依赖配置参数。ECFuzz遍历随机选择的配置参数数组。如果在依赖关系表中找到了相关的配置参数，并且这是它第一次出现在中，则配置参数将被添加到。最后，选择上述配置参数组来构造一个新的种子。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">智能变异</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。智能变异算法充分考虑了种子中配置参数对应的依赖关系和约束条件，具体算法如算法2所示。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003582" data-ratio="0.9253996447602132" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="563" style="width:268px;height:248px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3dcdeee5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZvMfCTjKIHR5YCSkKUEo4rA24zzjpMcSI3gCMAw83jDtJ4gb9MScDiaw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在智能变异期间，ECFuzz首先初始化测试用例。然后，根据变异的数量开始智能突变。在每次变异开始之前，随机选择其中一个配置参数的索引作为变异对象。随后，ECFuzz确定配置参数是否具有相应的依赖关系。如果存在，则通过根据依赖关系的变异来获得newValue。否则，通过根据约束的变异来获得newValue。最后，newValue覆盖对应于测试用例的初始值。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">根据依赖关系生成新的配置参数值:ECFuzz使用cDEP分析的依赖关系表（如图2所示）。cDEP支持控制依赖、值关系依赖、重写依赖、默认值依赖和行为依赖5种依赖。但覆盖依赖在表中只出现了3次，因此ECFuzz没有考虑覆盖依赖。根据不同依赖关系的特点，设计了相应的变异方法。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">控制依赖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：第二个参数仅在第一个参数为True时生效。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003583" data-ratio="0.18804920913884007" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="569" style="width:388px;height:73px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3622c9f8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZ7pcPr7RbAeuYXwd1S5n6fphUT7ibLnHj7vNltYfPlxzCcH2GxoRaPiaw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">变异方法：在依赖关系表中，没有告诉我们哪一个是控制参数。因此，ECFuzz通过判断其类型是否为布尔类型来确定。如果配置参数都为非布尔类型则跳过这条依赖记录。如果是布尔类型且当前变异的配置参数是主控参数，ECFuzz会根据其约束条件进行变异；若是被控参数，ECFuzz会先将主控参数的值设置为True，然后根据其约束条件对被控参数进行变异。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">值关系依赖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：一个参数的值受到另一个参数的值约束。一般分为三种类型：数值约束，参数A的值必须大于参数B的值（A &gt; B）；逻辑约束，参数A为true时，参数B必须为特定取值范围；集合约束，参数A的值必须是参数B值的子集。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003584" data-ratio="0.18253968253968253" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="630" style="width:363px;height:66px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9bd10798&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZ1sS8uvy64lj4lGGDVH6DnXibibpVlicvYleiaM83zlxqiarRZicTNjPGu2rA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">变异方法：根据约束条件同时改变两个变量的值。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">默认值依赖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：如果第一个参数的值不可用，则将第二个参数的值用作其默认值。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003585" data-ratio="0.21939586645468998" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="629" style="width:365px;height:80px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5bfbe521&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZkmyC4cgY6xzQACaFBe3wI3sOMT2qjN0WOAdkZMeG9fRWJryKsibFfibQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">变异方法：根据其中一个配置参数的约束条件对其进行变异，然后将另一个配置参数设置为相同的值。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">行为依赖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：第一个参数与第二个参数一起作用于系统的某些行为。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003586" data-ratio="0.1664025356576862" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="631" style="width:395px;height:66px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2f164674&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZ5Y5YvIBPSBtr0ibVDAFpdK0bs7ue40PY8vFKIbtoDV4icbnGGuIn7Ldg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">变异方法：根据两个参数各自的约束条件对其进行变异。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">对于智能变异，突变的数量显著影响其性能。N如果很小，则很难发现由多个配置参数引起的bug。在特殊情况下，如变异系数为1，智能变异算法退化为单变异算法。如果突变数很大，将大大增加突变的时间成本和难度。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">解决方法</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：智能变异策略的动态切换。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">单次变异优先（N=1），快速生成大量简单测试用例，覆盖常见错误。一段时间内未发现新的异常时，认为简单变异已无法触发深层错误。切换至堆叠变异（N=3~6），通过同时变异多个参数，生成更复杂的组合，暴露参数间交互引发的隐藏问题。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．配置参数验证</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Configuration Validation）</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在配置验证中，ECFuzz为被测程序（PUT）构建运行环境，包括单元测试阶段和系统测试阶段，具体算法如算法3所示。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003587" data-ratio="1.3811563169164882" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="467" style="width:272px;height:376px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=49e081c1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZDiae1OzFYvdWVmx0F8H3TBTWMNQFIRFvL6Qlrzubeichgpc81NndLt0w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试阶段</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：单元测试阶段通过搜索和执行与测试用例相关联的单元测试来快速测试测试用例的bug触发潜力。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试阶段包括以下三个部分</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试搜索</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：ECFuzz根据ctest 的映射关系，从PUT提供的大量单元测试中，找出测试用例中只与配置参数相关的部分作为候选单元测试集。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试缩减</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：当测试用例中包含大量配置参数时，单元测试搜索会生成规模庞大的候选测试集，其执行耗时很长。因此，ECFuzz使用采样和时间过滤算法来压缩候选单元测试集的大小。抽样算法是从候选单元测试集中按一定比例抽取一部分来替换原始集合。时间过滤算法检测每个单元测试的执行时间，并根据先验知识过滤掉耗时过长的单元测试。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试执行</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在得到候选单元测试的约简集后，ECFuzz构造出执行单元测试所需的运行环境。只有当测试用例通过所有单元测试时，单元测试阶段的结果才是成功的。ECFuzz不需要每次都运行所有的单元测试。一旦测试用例在单元测试中失败，则单元测试阶段被终止，并且单元测试结果被设置为失败。此外，不管单元测试是否通过，单元测试阶段的结果都返回到系统测试阶段，但是仅当单元测试失败时，才保存测试用例以供稍后分析。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">系统测试阶段</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：运行单元测试后，ECFuzz进入系统测试阶段，进一步测试测试用例是否能在真实的系统环境中触发bug。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">系统测试阶段包括以下三个部分</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">系统环境搭建</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：ECFuzz根据PUT的类型构造相应的系统编译环境、运行环境和测试输入。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">配置文件替换</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在开始系统测试之前，ECFuzz将测试用例中的配置参数信息转换为一个完整的符合大规模系统的输入要求配置文件。新配置文件用于替换默认配置文件，作为PUT的新输入。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">系统测试执行与监控</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：ECFuzz创建进程来启动系统测试，并持续监视测试执行的状态。在系统测试阶段，ECFuzz会针对程序运行的三个关键环节进行异常监控：启动阶段、运行阶段以及关闭阶段。启动异常，程序前期不能完全启动；运行时异常，程序崩溃、挂起；关闭异常：程序无法正常关闭。如果系统在注入一些配置参数后出现启动异常，这是正常的反应，因为这意味着系统可以在配置上线生产之前立即检查这些配置参数。因此，将运行时异常和关闭异常视为意外故障。一旦测试用例触发了意外故障，我们就认为已经发现了潜在的错误，并将其记录下来以供后续的再现和分析。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、实验</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ1：ECFuzz的多维配置生成策略与单次变异相比如何？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ2：ECFuzz的面向单元测试的配置验证策略在提高测试用例质量方面有多大的效果？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ3：与最先进的配置测试技术相比，ECFuzz的测试用例和异常类型的质量如何？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ4：与最先进的配置测试技术相比，ECFuzz在暴露未知错误方面的效率如何？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．实验设置</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf=""> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003588" data-ratio="0.37066666666666664" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="750" style="width:406px;height:150px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8bf4aa69&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZS0Exa1T97A3Xy2XcvokdYLFl63u1u4fYbPOpOFibDnrbzicVMBYj7LkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表 1 测试目标</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">环境</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：实验在KVM虚拟机上运行，配置为4核CPU、4GB内存，操作系统为Ubuntu 16.04 LTS。每个实验运行12小时，重复5次以确保结果统计意义。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">测试目标</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：选取5个广泛使用的大型系统：HCommon、HDFS、HBase、ZooKeeper和Alluxio，覆盖分布式存储、数据库和协调服务等场景。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">监控策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">内部监控</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：监视被测输入的PUT的内部状态。如果在PUT中发现异常（启动异常、运行时异常和关闭异常）则由内部监视器抛出异常。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">外部监控</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：获取从内部监视器抛出的异常，并进行分析计算。此外，在系统测试期间，它会监视内存、CPU以及日志。如果异常是运行时异常或关闭异常，外部监视器将其视为意外故障。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．多维配置生成策略评估（</span></span><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="">RQ1</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">）</span></font></strong></span><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003589" data-ratio="0.1468354430379747" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="790" style="width:486px;height:71px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f231f791&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZ95hPCQSGoBBKPMTk1H88eTwIkKuK1a1O0kNZRNa2JMTnxr1X68kicwQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003590" data-ratio="0.14430379746835442" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="790" style="width:489px;height:71px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=885258e4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZxGPHFpiau85XbbcxDSkmFrRIpRibTTCnSAHTVd7hWRkys2iaL5YYBy6Dw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表 2 不同配置测试工具的测试用例质量</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003591" data-ratio="0.4469964664310954" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="566" style="width:423px;height:189px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ecd27ff&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZzkhyvpp34UywHgicKiaxXeBWfjP1Mk1uEqTxrtCd2wYxfaaM1kDY2oPw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 </span></font></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3</span></font></b><b><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">多维配置生成策略评估的</span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">异常</span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">类型</span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">单变异是指在每个模糊活动期间仅从候选配置参数中选择单个配置参数而不考虑依赖性。我们将这种单突变策略称为ECFuzz-S。表2和表3分别显示了不同策略的测试用例质量和异常类型的结果。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ECFuzzz测试用例的质量比ECFuzz-S有了显著的提高。ECFuzz-S和ECFuzz的测试用例总质量分别为20.6‰和92.5‰。这意味着，当相同的1000个测试用例被注入到系统中时，ECFuzz会多发现71.9个意外失败。对于异常类型，ECFuzz可以找到ECFuzz-S在所有五个程序中都找不到的多个唯一异常。总体而言，ECFuzz比ECFuzz-S多发现了9种异常类型，增加了128.6%。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ECFuzz之所以能取得上述好的结果，有两个原因：1）ECFuzz充分考虑了大规模系统中的配置依赖关系，并为每种依赖关系设计了相应的变异策略，提高了发现意外故障的能力; 2）ECFuzz在每次模糊化活动中从候选配置参数中选择多个配置参数，并根据测试结果进行智能调整，因此ECFuzz可以在同一次模糊化过程中探索更多的程序代码。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．单元测试导向的的配置验证策略评估（RQ2）</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003592" data-ratio="0.14698795180722893" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="830" style="width:469px;height:69px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6beea38d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZQ8cBSRDVHghgGb0Z4g7cKQOAIyg2nyvHPqbRyB2ecZzx3icBa8SfCUQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003593" data-ratio="0.1444043321299639" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:471px;height:68px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c8014b94&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZyzDibVMMIyK7Uf5jibEQXZXJLcR1DVqicdKLArFI7RR6gGiagX9TCbEGqg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表 4 不同配置测试工具的测试用例质量</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了有效地验证生成的配置参数，ECFuzz设计了一个面向单元测试的配置验证策略。为了证明其有效性，我们将其与直接注入系统测试而不使用单元测试的策略进行了比较。我们将此策略称为ECFuzz-W。表4显示了不同策略的测试用例的质量结果。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">我们发现ECFuzz-W和ECFuzz的测试用例的总质量分别为38.4‰和92.5‰。这意味着，当相同的1000个测试用例被注入到系统中时，ECFuzz会多发现54.1个意外失败。ECFuzz-W直接将生成的测试用例注入到PUT中执行系统测试，生成更多的测试用例。然而，大多数测试用例都被PUT的配置解析代码过滤，导致启动异常。与ECFuzz-W相比，ECFuzz使用单元测试导向的配置验证策略，在执行系统测试之前提前过滤掉不太可能产生错误的测试用例，减少了昂贵的系统测试开销。因此，ECFuzz可以显著提高测试用例的质量。</span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">4．与其他工具的对比（RQ3）</span></span></strong></span></p></div><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">为了展示ECFuzz的有效性，我们将其与三种最先进的配置测试工具进行了比较，ConfTest，ConfErr和ConfDiagDetector。表5显示了不同工具的测试用例质量，图2显示了异常类型的结果。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003594" data-ratio="0.5802781289506953" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="791" style="width:434px;height:252px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a7b862a5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZVud1TytbqEHwdeicuSI7axn1o6TlqgbZmPONYZjCsJ2nvgY6Gnum0Aw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 5 不同配置测试工具的测试用例质量</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003595" data-ratio="0.7559726962457338" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="586" style="width:310px;height:234px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=220f2ebd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZSuyjUPibFbhdPiaGiatgFL9x1dshDsTRmOkBiabiabibhwuhfsAaafCz9xAA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 3</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">异常类型图</span></font></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">ECFuzz的测试用例质量与其他最先进的工具相比取得了显著的进步。其中，ConfTest、ConfErr、ConfDiagDetector和ECFuzz的测试用例总质量分别为26.5‰、25.5‰、32.2‰和92.5‰。这意味着当同样的1000个测试用例被注入到系统中时，ECFuzz会发现60.3- 67个更多的意外失败。对于异常类型，我们发现ECFuzz在大多数程序中优于其他最先进的工具。ECFuzz分别在HDFS、Zookeeper和Alluxio程序上发现了1、1和2种异常类型。对于HCommon和HBase程序，ECFuzz至少保持了与其他最先进工具相同的有效性。总体而言，ECFuzz在测试用例质量和异常类型方面都取得了较好的效果，证明了ECFuzz中多维配置生成策略和面向单元测试的配置验证策略的有效性。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="5 2 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">5．未知Bug发现能力（RQ4）</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003596" data-ratio="0.3566265060240964" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="830" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f07e45b5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZqyPCFB691LEVA0eeQ6GjFgK1GOceGVVet7x0Gd0RtccnBurHiaYVRsA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表 6 未知错误发现情况</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ECFuzz作为一个有效的大规模系统的配置模糊，并发现了许多以前未知的配置引起的错误会。与其他最先进的工具相比，ECFuzz发现了最多的未知错误。具体来说，ECFuzz已经检测到14个以前未知的配置引起的错误，其中5个已经得到确认。</span></p></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、总结</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文提出了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">一种针对大规模系统的高效配置模糊测试工具ECFuzz</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，通过</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">多维度配置生成策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">单元测试导向的验证策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，显著提升了测试效率。实验表明，ECFuzz在Hadoop、HBase等系统中意外失败率较现有工具提升1.87-2.63倍，发现14个未知配置错误（5个已确认），</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">有效解决了传统方法因忽略参数依赖和系统测试耗时导致的效率低下问题</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，为大规模系统配置测试提供了创新性解决方案。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002863" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" width="677px" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002867" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9601d466&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqicsiaxDHZjSsKx6Eoahhic8tm1AUvF5TI33T7kuQmpqnP5HoOUicFhuIhrcXcyaZJzHJrYaLibPCZSRQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><p 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      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Jul 2025 10:26:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>WhiteFox：由大型语言模型驱动的白盒编译器模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487224&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=bf052e2ea3708b3f9fbb3a989b413b3d</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-07-09 11:27</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">WhiteFox: White-Box Compiler Fuzzing Empowered by Large Language Models</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">CHENYUAN YANG; YINLIN DENG;</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:等线;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:11.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf=""> </span></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">RUNYU LU;</span></font></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">JIAYI YAO;</span></font></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">JIAWEI LIU;</span></font></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">REYHANEH JABBARVAND;</span></font></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">LINGMING ZHANG</span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/1" target="_blank">https://dl.acm.org/doi/1</a></span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">0.1145/3</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">689736</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applica</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">tions</span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">, 202</span></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">4</span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/ise-uiuc/WhiteFox" target="_blank">https://github.com/ise-uiuc/WhiteFox</a></span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">现代编译器在将高级编程语言翻译为高效机器代码的过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。然而，不正确或错误应用的优化可能导致难以察觉的漏洞，甚至引发安全问题。在现有文献中，模糊测试已被广泛研究以揭示编译器缺陷。然而，编译器模糊测试仍然面临挑战：现有技术主要集中在黑盒和灰盒模糊测试上，这些方法在生成测试程序时对编译器内部行为缺乏充分理解。因此，它们往往难以构建能够测试复杂优化过程的测试程序。同时，传统的白盒技术，如符号执行，由于计算资源限制，难以适用于庞大的编译器系统代码库。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">由于大型语言模型（LLMs）在代码生成和理解任务中表现出色，甚至在黑盒模糊测试中达到了最先进的性能，论文提出了首个利用大型语言模型结合源代码信息的白盒编译器模糊测试工具WhiteFox，专注于检测新兴深度学习（DL）编译器中的深层逻辑错误。WhiteFox采用多智能体框架：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">基于LLM的分析智能体</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：检查低级优化源代码，并生成能够触发优化过程的高级测试程序的需求；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">基于LLM的生成智能体</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：根据总结的需求生成测试程序；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">反馈循环</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：触发优化的测试程序会作为反馈的少样本示例，动态增强测试生成的提示信息。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">挑战</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">黑盒模糊测试</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：由于缺乏对内部工作原理的了解，在触发优化所需的复杂条件方面面临困难。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">灰盒模糊测试</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：虽借助源码插桩实现更高覆盖率，但其对编译器优化条件的敏感度仍然不足，因为优化往往依赖严格精确的条件，而传统覆盖率驱动策略难以有效捕捉这些微妙状态。此外，现有方法因生成输入缺乏语义正确性，主要暴露前端崩溃错误，而非深层优化缺陷。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">传统的白盒模糊测试</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：依赖于对SUT 源代码的严格分析，但在现代编译器上变得难以实施。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">通用性较差</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：现有编译器测试工具多针对特定语言或编译器定制，开发新编译器的测试框架耗时费力，难以复用。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">例子：图1展示了PyTorch Inductor中优化permute_linear_fusion的一个示例。该优化在对输入张量调用permute方法时，将permute和linear操作符融合，特别是交换最后两个维度。然而，当应用模糊测试技术来测试此优化时，黑盒/灰盒模糊测试难以生成符合这些约束的模型。这是因为黑盒和灰盒模糊测试工具由于缺乏源代码实现的指导，无法意识到模型应以这种特定方式包含permute和linear操作符。另一方面，尽管白盒技术在理论上有可能触发此优化，但由于编译器中数据结构的复杂性（例如torch.fx.GraphModule和torch.fx.Node），应用传统的程序分析从详细的源代码中提取约束是不现实的。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf="" data-pm-slice="1 4 []"><img data-imgfileid="100003557" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5980746089049338" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c0f00b77&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpxz2O4tYUUP0t5a1t1f9wvFHnD6eicEwiag6QcaZMuVEJwmyLspDghgQ7LqREc9BITWzU6JkR6bzUw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  动机示例</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">针对上述问题，作者设计了WhiteFox：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）由于现有的白盒测试方法无法扩展到对复杂编译器系统的行为信息进行建模，WhiteFox 的核心思想是利用 LLMs 自动推断能够触发编译器优化的测试程序需求，这些需求基于优化模块的源代码实现。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）WhiteFox 的输入是实现编译器优化的源代码，首先由基于 LLM 的分析代理自动分析并总结触发优化的测试需求，随后基于 LLM 的生成代理根据生成的需求生成大量有意义的测试程序。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）为了生成能够直接执行相应优化的测试程序，WhiteFox 进一步采用了反馈循环机制，将触发优化的测试作为少样本示例，以指导未来的测试生成。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）除了 DL 编译器测试，WhiteFox 还可以适配其他编译器甚至复杂的现实世界软件系统的白盒模糊测试，为这一有前景的方向启发了未来的研究。论文已将 WhiteFox 适配用于测试 LLVM 并发现了多个错误。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003558" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.30685920577617326" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d085b88d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZKcIVmgBYgAOI88CurMPG8En9MVamz6RQ3uT32yRnUBUWlrZvTM8h6g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 2  WhiteFox</span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">的完整流程</span></font></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">WhiteFox的架构如图2所示，主要包括三个关键部分：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">需求总结</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：分析型LLM 通过检查编译器优化的源代码，提取触发优化所需的测试需求。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">测试生成</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：生成型LLM 根据提取的需求，自动生成用于触发优化的测试程序。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">反馈循环</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：生成的测试程序随后被编译和执行，通过插桩观察优化是否被触发，并将成功触发优化的测试纳入反馈机制，作为示例指导生成型LLM 在后续迭代中生成更具优化针对性的测试程序。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">此外，为了检测编译器错误，每个测试程序都会通过</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">测试预言</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（如结果不一致、编译时崩溃和运行时崩溃）进行验证。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">值得注意的是，WhiteFox 采用了多智能体框架，这种设计能够平衡不同 LLMs 提供的成本和收益之间的权衡。例如，可以让分析 LLM 具备广泛的知识和推理能力（在自然语言和代码方面），而让生成 LLM 专门用于高效的程序生成。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">1. 需求总结  </span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Requirement Summarization）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">挑战</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（1）代码冗长且包含无关信息</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：优化代码往往包含大量实现细节（如数据结构操作、错误日志记录），增加了LLM 理解的难度。（</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">2）低级实现，涉及复杂数据结构</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：实现代码是低级别的，涉及大量的领域特定模块、IR 和辅助函数。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">解决方案</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：采用了一种混合格式，将</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">自然语言</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">伪代码</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">结合起来描述触发优化的需求，而不是仅仅依赖其中一种格式。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">自然语言（NL）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：清晰概括优化触发条件，去除不必要的细节。例如，PyTorch Inductor 中的 `permute_linear_fusion` 优化要求 “它交换了张量的最后两个维度”，利用伪代码清晰简洁地描述这一点相当具有挑战性，自然语言描述更加适合。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">伪代码（Pseudo-Code）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：用于表达关键代码模式，使测试生成更直观。例如，PyTorch Inductor 中的 `permute_linear_fusion` 优化要求”首先调用张量方法 `permute`，然后在置换后的张量上调用 `torch.nn.functional.linear` 函数”。对于这种情况，自然语言描述不如伪代码格式直观，”张量方法 `permute`”可以用伪代码简单地表示为 `input_tensor.permute(...)`。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">具体实现</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：WhiteFox使用</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">少样本上下文学习</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">来提示分析型LLM 以自然语言和伪代码的混合格式生成其触发需求。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）图 3(a) 展示了用于总结目标编译器中优化需求的通用少样本提示模板。该提示模板以指令”请描述可以触发 [OPTIMIZATION NAME] 优化的 [TARGET INPUT]...”开头，其中 [TARGET INPUT] 是目标编译器特定的输入格式。然后，它后面跟着优化实现的源代码，并以输入应满足的需求描述结束。描述是自然语言和伪代码的混合格式，由 [PSEUDO CODE] 和 [NL DESCRIPTION] 组成。Target Optimization与少样本示例具有相同的结构，但其需求字段留空，等待LLM 生成。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）图 3(b) 展示了PyTorch Inductor 中的需求总结少样本提示。PyTorch Inductor 的预期输入格式是 PyTorch 模型；因此，[TARGET INPUT] 填充为”PyTorch 模型”。随后，提供了示例优化 `permute_linear_fusion` 的源代码。最后，以伪代码和自然语言混合格式给出示例描述，以概述触发示例优化所需的约束条件。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003559" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.555956678700361" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:430px;height:239px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=aca8a106&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZwntCGx5qvbm8mMI7Gapk7kEflneM3DVdzpxVfee0NeczYjs2PphQsg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3 WhiteFox</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">的需求总结提示模板</span></font></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">2. 测试生成 </span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Test Generation）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">通过利用优化的需求描述，WhiteFox 利用 LLM 的能力生成能够有效触发相应优化以进行错误检测的测试输入。与需求总结类似，论文利用少样本上下文学习来生成基于需求的特定于每个优化的测试输入。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）图 4(a) 展示了 WhiteFox 中用于测试生成的通用提示模板。少样本示例的结构包括一条指令，具体为：”请生成一个有效的 [TARGET INPUT] 示例，该示例具有 [INPUT SPECIFICATION] 并满足指定的需求。”然后，它详细说明了激活优化的需求，并以一个说明性输入结束，该输入实践了示例优化。在少样本示例之后，目标优化具有相似的结构，而其测试输入将由 LLM 生成。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）图 4(b) 展示了在 PyTorch Inductor 中使用的测试生成提示。PyTorch Inductor 的测试输入格式是一个使用公共 PyTorch API（[INPUT SPECIFICATION]）的PyTorch 模型（[TARGET INPUT]）。接下来，指定激活优化 `permute_linear_fusion` 的测试输入需求，辅以一个可以触发此优化的说明性模型。提供的少样本示例帮助 LLM 以所需格式生成测试。此外，示例可以帮助LLM 学习优化需求描述与能够触发它的相应测试输入之间的关系。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003560" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5042117930204573" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:425px;height:214px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2b84d08f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZ8XtUdy6G7kc3WMwW0D6sialFdKcZX6fp8e2dxARIm3hkhftXqM5BjhQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> 图4 WhiteFox的测试生成提示模板</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">3. 反馈循环 </span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Feedback Loop）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">引入反馈循环的动机</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：在每次迭代中，当发现新生成的测试能够触发目标优化时，将其收集为未来测试生成提示的少样本示例候选。通过将这些成功触发优化的测试纳入提示中，可以增强对生成型LLM 的针对性指导，使其能够生成更多触发目标优化的输入。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">具体实现</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：WhiteFox 在迭代测试生成过程中将成功触发相应优化的测试作为补充示例纳入其中。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">执行测试，检测优化是否触发</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：生成的测试程序会被编译并执行，通过插桩记录优化触发情况。若优化被触发，则该测试程序被标记为“少样本示例候选”，并用于后续针对该特定优化的测试生成迭代。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">构建反馈提示</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：每次迭代中，如果当前优化有触发输入，WhiteFox 会选择几个触发输入作为示例（默认为 3 个），这些示例触发输入将与目标优化的指令和需求总结（与之前的提示相同）一起插入到图 5 所示的提示中，并用于生成下一批测试输入；如果某个优化没有触发输入，WhiteFox 将在后续迭代中继续使用初始提示（图 4），直到找到能够触发该优化的输入为止。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003563" data-ratio="0.9138655462184874" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="476" style="width:412px;height:377px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0dfa567f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZaD8iaB7bvykOTG6PufuCmjd3QqdaN7fkqGS54tCY0NlzOiajFRc8vLGw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">加入反馈循环的测试生成提示模板</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">触发样本选择策略</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">并非所有触发示例在指导LLM 生成新的有价值的触发测试方面都同样有效。评估其有效性的一个有用信号是当使用它们作为少样本示例时，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">新生成测试的触发率</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。为了在探索和利用之间找到平衡，有效选择触发示例至关重要。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">因此，WhiteFox 采用了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（改编的）多臂赌博机（MAB）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">算法，即 Thompson Sampling，作为触发示例的选择策略。beta 分布的概率密度函数可以正式写成如下：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003561" data-ratio="0.19607843137254902" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="510" style="width:253px;height:50px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4be92bd2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZyTibkJWesxFeKNVenshwIOAVLzt8SFUs7txfibgIO7bPIzeSB3WCR1yg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">当没有任何关于臂的先验信息时，选择</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">标准beta 分布B(1, 1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（或等效的Uniform(0, 1)）作为其先验分布。beta 分布由两个形状参数α &gt; 0, β &gt; 0 参数化，它们表示历史试验中的成功和失败次数。</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在抽取新样本并观察奖励（如果生成的测试成功触发目标优化则为1，否则为0）后，可以通过将α 或β 增加1来方便地更新后验概率，具体取决于样本是成功还是失败。</span></p></li></ul><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">算法1 展示了示例测试选择过程：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）从每个后验分布采样θₜ（行2-3）；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">选择采样值最高的前N个臂作为本轮ExampleTests（</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">行4）；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）用触发测试数量更新ExampleTests后验（行7-9）；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）基于ExampleTests的α、β均值初始化NewTriggerTests以减少探索开销（行10-14），假设新测试从“父”示例继承了有效代码模式；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（5）更新触发测试池（行15）。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003562" data-ratio="0.5391095066185319" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:476px;height:257px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cc32bf50&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZ4skVscg5iamFWWPbrkdR68gqFjMTz29c0ukGt6oECOjvemRTXyia8YUQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">4. 测试预言 </span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Test Oracle）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在WhiteFox 中，错误表现为以下症状：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">结果不一致</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：编译优化传递可能因逻辑缺陷导致错误编译，产生语义不一致的机器代码，这种不一致可以通过差异测试来检测。具体来说，对于每个可编译和可执行的测试程序，在给定相同的输入集的情况下，交叉检查优化版本和非优化（或最小优化）版本的程序生成的输出。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">崩溃</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：让编译器和编译后的可执行文件意外崩溃是不可取的。因此，WhiteFox 积极捕获测试程序在编译时和运行时的崩溃信号，包括进程中止、段错误和意外的内部异常（例如 PyTorch 中的 INTERNAL_ASSERT_FAILED）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">总结来说，论文以两种模式编译每个测试输入：启用优化和不启用优化。将以下条件视为</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">潜在错误候选</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">•在优化编译或优化程序执行期间发生崩溃。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">•两种模式之间的编译状态（通过/失败）不一致。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">•两种模式之间的程序输出不同。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;" data-pm-slice="8 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、执行</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">优化收集</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">目录定位</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：通过指定相关目录来收集特定优化的编译器源代码。例如，PyTorch Inductor 的优化传递源代码位于 `torch/_inductor` 目录下，而 TensorFlow-XLA 的优化源代码主要位于 `tensorflow/compiler/xla/service` 目录下。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">关键词匹配</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：通过简单的关键字模式匹配来识别执行优化的代码片段（例如函数）。例如，操作符融合是DL 编译器中的一项重要优化，通过搜索“fusion”或“fuse”来收集相关函数。此外，主优化调用的辅助函数也会被收集，因为它们可能揭示了激活优化的关键条件。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">插桩</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了收集反馈循环所需的触发信息，在每个收集到的优化函数的入口处插入日志语句进行插桩。这样，在编译测试程序时，可以从日志中获取一系列激活的优化传递。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">分析和生成LLMs</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）利用 GPT4 作为分析 LLM，并将温度设置为0。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）利用 StarCoder（StarCoder-15B）作为生成 LLM。在每次迭代中，让 StarCoder生成一批十个测试输入，并将温度设置为1。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">少样本提示</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">对于每个目标编译器的需求总结和初始测试生成的少样本提示，论文选择一次性提示</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：从每个目标编译器中选择一个优化，手动编写需求描述和一个能够触发优化的演示输入测试。一个例外是PyTorch Inductor 有两种不同类型的优化（7 种使用传统的优化检查函数，54 种涉及模式匹配器）。因此，为每种类型分别设计两个提示，并根据优化类型为每个优化选择相应的提示。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">对于反馈提示</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：需求由分析LLM 生成，示例测试由生成 LLM 创建。在反馈提示中使用三个样本作为默认设置。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="">五、实验</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ1：WhiteFox 与最先进的 DL 编译器模糊测试工具相比如何？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ2：WhiteFox 中的所有关键组件是否都有效？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ3：WhiteFox 是否能够检测到现实世界中的错误？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．实验设置</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf=""> </span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003564" data-ratio="0.31516936671575846" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="679" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e3012078&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZiaFHk9f5fhOgbOukT9BibM7BjWIiaSzcZvLX1TQcE4B6K2tTP4Ch8ZlMA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表 1 被测</span><font face="Times New Roman" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">DL</span></font><font face="宋体" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">编译器的细节</span></font></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">被测编译器</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：三个最流行的深度学习（DL）编译器：PyTorch Inductor、TensorFlow Lite 和 TensorFlow-XLA（对于 TensorFlow-XLA，由于其优化实现通常较长，仅选择了代码行数少于 400 行的优化，这是由于 LLM 上下文窗口大小的限制）。表 1 列出了被测 DL 编译器的概述。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">基线工具</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：基于LLM 的 TitanFuzz 和基于符号规则的 NNSmith。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">消融实验变体</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：WF-Mix（WhiteFox 的默认设置）、WF-NL（使用从混合格式中提取的自然语言）、WF-Code（使用从混合格式中提取的伪代码） 和 WF-Impl（直接向生成 LLM 提供实现源代码）。考虑到 PyTorch Inductor 拥有最多的优化，仅在 PyTorch Inductor 上进行消融研究。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">环境</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS，配备 64 核 CPU、256 GB 内存和 NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">模糊测试预算</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：默认设置为每个优化生成总共1000 个测试，分为 100 次迭代。</span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">2．指标</span></span></strong></span></p></div><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">检测到的错误数量</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">触发的优化数量</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">优化）触发测试的数量</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">代码覆盖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">率</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;background-color: transparent;"><span leaf="">：报告实现优化的源语言中的行覆盖率，PyTorch Inductor 使用 Python，TensorFlow Lite 和 TensorFlow-XLA 使用 C++。使用 Coverage.py 测量 Python 的行覆盖率，使用 GCOV 测量 C++ 的行覆盖率。</span></span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．与先前工作的比较（RQ1）</span></span></strong></span><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003565" data-ratio="0.45607701564380265" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:444px;height:202px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e1fffcf7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZIicd4IUYFX2VKANvGdpoiaYr8KwHaYSRPib2fjwQLBF0Tt7ID9qKROwibw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表 2 在默认设置下和baselines的比较</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">默认设置</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">表2 比较了 WhiteFox 与基线工具在三个目标编译器上的默认设置下的表现。由于 NNSmith 的执行时间比 WhiteFox 的默认设置短，为了公平比较，展示了 WhiteFox-Mini 的结果，它为每个优化生成 100 个测试，而不是默认的 1000 个测试。表 2 中的“时间”列包括需求/测试的生成时间（包括 LLM 调用）和测试执行时间。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在优化触发方面，WhiteFox 在 PyTorch Inductor 和 TensorFlow Lite 中显著优于基线工具。总体而言，在被测编译器中，WhiteFox 在触发优化数量方面比现有测试工具高出最多 8.2 倍。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在时间成本方面，WhiteFox 消耗的时间比除 NNSmith 之外的所有其他技术都少。同时，鉴于 NNSmith 的性能较差，WhiteFox-Mini 仍然可以在更少的时间内触发比 NNSmith 更多的优化。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">WhiteFox 在所有编译器上均优于基线工具，除了 TensorFlow-XLA，与 TitanFuzz 相比触发的优化少了两个，但仍然触发了 TitanFuzz 无法覆盖的 4 个独特优化。一个可能的原因是，为了与基线工具进行公平比较，对 TensorFlow-XLA 的目标优化进行了过滤，这些优化相对简单，有许多代表了实践中广泛使用的常见模型模式。因此，TitanFuzz 可以有效地触发这些优化，因为 TitanFuzz 利用 LLMs 生成类似于训练数据分布的人类可读程序。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">此外，NNSmith 触发的优化数量最多，但主要依赖它总是输出带有冗余 reshape 操作的模型，并不意味着测试质量更高。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在每种方法触发的独特优化方面，对于PyTorch Inductor，WhiteFox 不仅完全覆盖基线触发的 7 个优化，还额外触发 34 个独特优化；在 TensorFlow Lite 中，WhiteFox 覆盖了基线触发的全部 9 个优化并新增 3 个；而在 TensorFlow-XLA 上，WhiteFox 覆盖了基线 26 个优化中的 20 个。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">24小时测试期间</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">表3 比较了 WhiteFox 与基线工具在 24 小时测试期间的表现。WhiteFox 在所有三个测试对象上表现最佳，在 PyTorch Inductor 和 TensorFlow Lite 上显著优于其他工具。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003566" data-ratio="0.4175691937424789" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:476px;height:199px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a8eb7d63&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZmCzs3U6icFb3VpSnJX7D1iaRQF0RnzngicsqxYZib8pP8jHUMJrnEYIdNQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 </span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">在</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">24</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">小时测试期间和</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">baselines</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">的比较</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在代码覆盖率方面，WhiteFox 在 PyTorch Inductor 和 TensorFlow-XLA 上覆盖的代码行数比基线工具多出最多 19.9%。对于 TensorFlow Lite，WhiteFox 的表现略逊于 TitanFuzz（5.9%）。这可能归因于 TensorFlow Lite 中优化数量有限（13 个），本质上限制了 WhiteFox 的代码覆盖率探索，因为 WhiteFox 没有太多的白盒信息（即优化实现）来指导生成。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">4．消融研究（RQ2）</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003567" data-ratio="0.37774524158125916" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="683" style="width:446px;height:168px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fadf9f47&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZia3EAicE2ydp5Tar2vJ7gpVRFBV2FBmyTJUQxNTf0icFKC2ME0wvepfWg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 4 需求描述格式在PyTorch Inductor上的影响</span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">需求生成与测试生成</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">需求描述的有效性</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：相比直接提供实现源代码（WF-Impl），使用需求描述的 WF-Mix、WF-NL 和 WF-Code 在生成触发测试方面表现更优。默认设置 WF-Mix 生成的触发测试比 WF-Impl 多 1.74 倍，并额外触发 7 个优化，凸显了需求描述在测试生成中的重要性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">混合格式的有效性</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：WF-Mix 在触发的优化数量和触发测试数量方面表现最佳，这突显了结合自然语言（NL）和伪代码进行需求描述的有效性。尽管 WF-NL 触发的优化比 WF-Code 多，但它生成的触发测试较少。因为NL 含有更多信息，可避免转换源代码时遗漏关键触发需求；而伪代码格式更便于生成 LLM 关联测试程序，从而提高触发测试数量。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">分析LLM</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：使用 StarCoder 生成需求描述（WF-SC）时，触发的优化和测试数量均低于默认设置（GPT-4），验证了 GPT-4 在代码理解和自然语言转换方面的优势。尽管 WF-SC 低于 WF-Mix（默认设置），但仍优于 WF-Impl，证实了双模型基础设施可能比直接使用实现源代码更适合白盒编译器模糊测试，表明分离的需求生成阶段比直接使用实现代码更有效。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">反馈循环</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">图6 展示了一个条形图，详细列出了每个触发优化的触发测试数量，涵盖了本次消融研究中探索的变体范围。此外，论文还收集了这三个变体的覆盖率结果，如表 5 所示。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003568" data-ratio="0.38748495788206977" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:518px;height:201px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4390b4de&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZYLQdkQtAFhKfoibY73OcicibkMwGvUsG53iabYd66bsoSsSQpibCICESzuw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 </span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">6 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">反馈循环和汤普森采样在</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">PyTorch Inductor</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">上的影响</span></font></b></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003569" data-ratio="0.3637795275590551" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="635" style="width:493px;height:179px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=426adda1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZXyfI9Hyia81d9pKibKAWgqAeaFQV5EbjI4UFVYuuktU0Q7gwZNNTdIaA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 </span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">反馈循环在</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">PyTorch Inductor</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">上的统计数据</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">反馈循环的有效性：包含反馈循环的WhiteFox 和 WF-Naive 生成的触发测试数量显著多于不包含反馈循环的变体（WF-No-Feedback），分别增加了 2.6 倍和 2.1 倍。这两种方法在代码覆盖率方面均优于 WF-No-Feedback，表明反馈循环可以指导 LLMs 生成更多样化的测试用例。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">Thompson 采样的有效性：WhiteFox 采用 Thompson 采样选择触发示例，相比均匀采样（WF-Naive），触发测试数量提升 1.3 倍，覆盖 41 个优化中的 32 个，并取得更高代码覆盖率。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5．bug搜寻（RQ3）</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">表6 展示了 WhiteFox 在 PyTorch、TensorFlow-XLA 和 TensorFlow Lite 上的错误发现结果。截至目前，WhiteFox 已为这些编译器检测到 101 个错误。其中，92 个被确认为此前未知的错误，70 个已被修复。在 PyTorch Inductor 中发现的 79 个错误中，有 14 个是在其最新版本中发现的，10 个（12.7%）PyTorch 错误被标记为高优先级。在这 79 个由 WhiteFox 检测到的独特错误中，68 个是基线工具无法检测到的。对于 TensorFlow-XLA 和 TensorFlow Lite，基线工具只能发现 WhiteFox 发现的 22 个错误中的 1 个。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003570" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.358600583090379" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="686" style="width:446px;height:160px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a8a5e127&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZ8QY8fRam3Y1JfvTKAcQBARhI41uKicmzWEWfGwFphiaVhsBBIACQhsFg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 6 WhiteFox探寻到的bug总览</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误分析</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">论文对PyTorch Inductor 的 101 个错误进行了全面分析，其中 79 个（78.2%）由 WhiteFox 检测到，且 68 个（86.1%）已修复。在 79 个错误中，仅 11 个（13.9%）可被现有工具覆盖，其中 10 个可由 TitanFuzz 检测到，3 个可由 NNSmith 检测到。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在68 个已修复的错误中，47 个（69.1%）位于优化代码中，这证明了 WhiteFox 在发现优化错误方面的有效性。在这 47 个优化错误中，只有 3 个可被 TitanFuzz 和 NNSmith 覆盖，凸显了 WhiteFox 在测试编译器优化方面的优势。此外，某些优化（如注意力模块）更容易出错，但更难被发现，WhiteFox 在这些模块中检测到了 5 个错误，暴露了开发者测试的不足。这表明结合 LLMs 的白盒模糊测试具有强大能力。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误特征</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">论文进一步研究了WhiteFox 检测到的错误的详细特征，包括崩溃、错误编译、优化失败、错误通过的优化和漏洞，如表 7 所示。</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">错误编译：优化后的程序返回与非优化程序不同的输出。</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">优化失败：启用优化时编译失败，而在不启用优化时编译有效。</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">错误通过的优化：优化成功编译无效模型。</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">漏洞：除了6 个可用于 DoS 攻击的崩溃错误外，在错误通过的优化中还检测到了另外 5 个越界读取漏洞。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p></li></ul><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003571" data-ratio="0.2695547533092659" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b93b3de8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZAbFRIjXACicfDia4PWb9XC5EiaYwzUBk7kney1U9CicUnoeQMhsMK7EO3Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 7 WhiteFox探寻到的bug特征</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">不会修复的错误</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在PyTorch Inductor 中，一个错误是由于编译器不支持量化 API，另一个是由于操作符中的未定义行为，第三个是因为开发者认为WhiteFox的输入无效，尽管优化编译了模型并返回了不同的结果。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在TensorFlow Lite 中，两个错误源于其不保证输入输出顺序的特性，另一个是优化后的输出具有不同的形状，这在 PyTorch Inductor 和 TensorFlow-XLA 中都是罕见且不被预期的。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">错误示例：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003572" data-ratio="0.6389891696750902" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:407px;height:260px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c6b7cb82&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZVj63c1hl7W1EOQicZ4xAZVKlE8zHLibYiayGt3j1ILlpvOKjnYsVIHg1Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 </span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">7 WhiteFox</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">探寻到的</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">bug</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">示例</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、讨论</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">1. 真实世界的影响</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">PyTorch 团队认可 WhiteFox 并请求将其集成到 PyTorch Inductor 开发流程中。为此，作者扩展了 WhiteFox，支持最新版本的 PyTorch Inductor 及 38 个新优化。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">2. 一般性：LLVM的案例研究</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了展示WhiteFox 的通用性，论文实现了一个用于测试 LLVM 的 WhiteFox 原型。在基线工具方面，选用了 YARPGen 以及 GrayC。测试的 LLVM 版本是 LLVM-18-20230818-nightly，实验环境与之前描述的设置一致。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">优化触发：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">表8 展示了 LLVM 优化的触发结果与基线工具的比较。与 DL 编译器的结果类似， WhiteFox 触发的优化数量比基线工具多 6.5 倍，同时时间成本更低。这证明了 WhiteFox 在不同编译器上的有效性和潜力。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003573" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.21419975932611313" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ee8b29f5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloe0X7eofic37s5bW3aovVbZyXu2bD0U2Inia230u3n5ibsoRV0bUJToFb1ZKwFTODDmv4r66Jmh5Kdw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表 </span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">8 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">在</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">LLVM</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">优化中和</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">baselines</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">的对比</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误检测：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">WhiteFox 检测到了 6 个 LLVM 错误，其中 2 个被确认为此前未知的错误，3 个待确认，1 个不会修复。图 7(e) 展示了一个已确认的 LLVM 错误，该错误仅在测试程序通过足够大的索引引用一个大数组时才会显现，导致 LLVM 优化后崩溃。攻击者可以通过构造特定的输入程序来利用此漏洞，使启用即时编译（JIT）的系统崩溃，从而实现拒绝服务（DoS）攻击。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">3. 局限性与未来工作</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">WhiteFox 不仅适用于编译器优化的白盒模糊测试，还可能扩展到其他编译器代码或复杂软件系统。对于回归错误，可通过设置更改分支为目标并利用 LLMs 分析触发条件来部署 WhiteFox。然而，与优化相比，任意函数的高级输入与低级实现的映射可能不明确，这是其面临的挑战。未来可探索利用 LLMs 推断这种映射（如借助文档等辅助信息）以及触发条件。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">另一个未来方向是将传统模糊测试方法作为外部工具，以提高测试生成效率。由于调用较小LLMs 的成本高于传统技术，这种策略可提升性能。例如，可利用 WhiteFox 总结优化触发规则，指导传统模糊测试框架（如 NNSmith）的输入生成。</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">七、总结</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">WhiteFox 是首个</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">实用的白盒编译器模糊测试工具</span><span leaf="">，专注于</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">测试编译器优</span><span leaf="">化。它采用多智能体架构，其中分析 LLM 提取优化触发模式，生成 LLM 高效合成测试程序。评估结果表明，WhiteFox 在 DL 编译器和传统 C/C++ 编译器上均表现出色。截至目前，WhiteFox 已</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">发现 101 个 DL 编译器错误</span><span leaf="">，其中 92 个此前未知，70 个已修复，验证了其强大的错误检测能力。</span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002863" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" width="677px" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Jul 2025 11:27:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>BAZZAFL：通过面向漏洞的种子分组将模糊测试活动导向漏洞</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487193&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=c8a311487502fac2a3ce23003a19ecb1</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-06-23 11:44</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
</p>

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</p>


<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">原文名称</span><span leaf="">：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">BAZZAFL: Moving Fuzzing Campaigns Towards Bugs via Grouping Bug-Oriented Seeds</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Kai Ye；Xiaogang Zhu；Xi Xiao </span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10506549" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10506549</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing，2025</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/BazzAFL/BazzAFL" target="_blank">https://github.com/BazzAFL/BazzAFL</a></span><u><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:underline;text-underline:single;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><p style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、概述</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">BAZZAFL的核心思想是</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">维护多个种子组</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">每个种子都在某一目标上表现最好</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。在这些种子组中，BAZZAFL通过多</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">目标优化</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">的方式，优先测试最有可能包含漏洞的代码区域，并根据</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">香农熵自适应地分配能量</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">给种子组中的不同种子。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在变异过程中，BAZZAFL倾向于变异那些</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">可能改变执行状态</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">的字节。通过这些创新，BAZZAFL逐步推动模糊测试朝着更接近漏洞触发点的方向发展。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、介绍</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">覆盖引导灰盒模糊测试作为最有效的漏洞检测方法之一，其核心假设是通过提升代码覆盖率增加漏洞暴露概率。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">现有研究主要通过优化调度策略、路径约束处理等方式提升覆盖率，但代码覆盖率本身存在效率瓶颈——理想的漏洞检测需同时满足两个条件：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">到达含漏洞的代码区域</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">满足触发漏洞的特定执行状态（如内存值/寄存器值等运行时信息）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。然而多数CGF方案仅关注代码覆盖，忽略执行状态分析。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">检测多种类型的漏洞是一个多目标优化问题。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">一方面，</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">不同类型的漏洞在模糊测试过程中可能会相互冲突</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。例如，某个代码区域可能是基于漏洞类型A的最可疑位置，但基于漏洞类型B却是最不可能的位置。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">另一方面，一</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">个输入可能同时影响多种类型的漏洞</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。例如，由于类型A和B的漏洞位于同一个代码区域，某个输入可以同时影响这两个漏洞。然而，尽管它们位于同一代码区域，但相同的输入不太可能同时触发这两种漏洞，因为它们需要不同的执行状态。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文提出了BAZZAFL。为了应对一个种子无法同时表示多种漏洞类型的问题，BAZZAFL将具有相同执行路径但不同漏洞度量的种子组织成种子组。组中的所有种子执行相同的代码区域，每个种子仅负责其自身类型的漏洞。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;" data-pm-slice="8 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">三、动机</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">图3-1展示了常见程序中可能存在的两个漏洞。一个可能的内存消耗错误可能出现在D块，当请求的内存过多时。另一个错误是算法复杂度错误，可能出现在G块，因为函数process_input()的执行次数与输入相关。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">代码覆盖率作为唯一指标，模糊测试倾向于优先选择覆盖范围最大的种子（g1）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">但关键错误存在于ACDFG（g2）和ACEFG（g3）路径，导致错误检测效率低。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">现有方法使用单一种子，无法优化不同错误类型的触发。因此，一个更好的解决方案是使用多个指标来评估种子。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003521" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.115530303030303" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="528" style="width:298px;height:332px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ca841644&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDiawnDg8wMUeAzOiaV3HzxBic5Ac79I5KjflZgQVcees5HbM0dD8j73C2A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图3-1 动机例子</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></strong></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">四、方法</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003523" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.48363636363636364" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="825" style="width:429px;height:207px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=89ec52fd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDicKOexke6oB2UXUib3TJ67g8PomJ6ZAAbHF1wyeHibXBaRDiaibGHLqVKBQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图4-1 BAZZAFL的工作流程</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">基于种子组优化种子选择和变异。种子组的组织标准是所有种子都执行相同的执行路径。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">主要包括三个组件：种子组优先级排序、能量分配调度和字节推断。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">种子组优先级排序旨在选择那些其种子更有可能在错误检测上取得更好表现的获胜组。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">选定种子组后，能量分配调度用于确定每个种子在组中分配的能量。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在种子变异过程中，字节推断用于推断与每个目标错误相关的字节。字节推断旨在进一步探索可疑的执行状态。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．Seed Group</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">在检测多种类型错误的多目标问题中，每个目标都需要被量化，以便不同目标之间可以进行比较。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">包含五个种子的种子组可以执行所有类型错误的最可疑执行状态。该组中的种子具有相同的执行路径，但组中的以某个错误为导向的种子在该错误度量上表现得比其他种子更好。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003524" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.4501718213058419" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="582" style="width:301px;height:437px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5b4dd522&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDInpZKjPfgkHQvzckfZj2uicDgejKQEPnl9wXNUJnaHzqqP05ibXW6MpQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图4-2 种子分组的过程</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">边覆盖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：发现错误的第一步是探索可疑的代码区域。为了衡量种子在边覆盖方面的质量，设置了两个度量，分别是执行速度（m1）和种子所覆盖的边数量（m2）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">内存违规错误</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（MV）：当内存被指针错误地访问时，就会发生内存违规错误。因此，如果模糊测试关注内存访问操作，即为更多内存访问的代码区域分配更多能量，它可能会发现更多的内存违规错误。为了衡量种子在MV错误方面的质量，作者使用内存访问操作的次数作为度量（m3）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">越界错误</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（OOB）：OOB是内存违规错误的一种特定类型，它发生在读取或写入越界的字节时。直观地说，访问更接近内存边界的输入比访问远离边界的输入更可能触发越界错误。为了衡量种子在OOB错误方面的质量，使用一个比率来衡量内存访问距离边界的远近（m4）。该比率定义为r = cur/max，其中cur是内存块中的当前索引，max是最大大小。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">内存消耗错误</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（MC）：MC是一个空间复杂度问题，当程序执行时消耗了过多或无法控制的内存时，就会发生这种错误。由于该错误消耗了过多的内存，它使得攻击者可以发起拒绝服务（DoS）攻击。为了衡量种子在MC错误方面的质量，使用已分配内存的大小作为度量（m5）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">算法复杂度错误</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（AC）：AC是一个时间复杂度问题，它发生在触发最坏情况的算法行为时。如果一个输入触发了算法复杂度错误，该输入将需要很长时间来完成执行，因为有太多的基本块需要执行。因此，它也可以被攻击者利用来发起DoS攻击。为了衡量种子在AC错误方面的质量，使用已执行的基本块数量（m6）。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．Seed Group Prioritization</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">将种子组的优先级排序视为一个多目标优化问题。在多目标问题中，可以获得一组最优解，或者称为帕累托最优解，这有助于在模糊测试中优先选择一组种子组。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">采用非支配排序方法来为不同轮次找到帕累托最优解。该问题可以定义为：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003525" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.09386281588447654" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:374px;height:35px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=edb81ac6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDzUgI9oEiaibhoibNX0cfueUopuJxF1mHiciaQahWTEpib3qKK41u2hicUJxlg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">F(g)是一个包含k个目标函数的目标向量，即选择种子组的k个度量。BAZZAFL为每个种子组设置了六个度量（即k=6）。理想情况下，这六个度量有助于模糊测试优先选择种子组。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1.</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">非支配排序方法</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：一种常用的多目标优化解决方案是计算帕累托前沿。帕累托前沿是一个非支配的解，定义为：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003526" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08611825192802057" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="778" style="width:291px;height:25px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1687fb9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDNE64oKvK57cRyMC48yfUSF1MKicLsJJDve9tRV8ZFNkvJCjpA1dml0Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中，g’支配g当且仅当对于目标向量[m1, m2, …, m6]：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003527" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.22123893805309736" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="452" style="width:233px;height:52px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=62eedd48&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJD6iadiaBuNVWDiaD1GdVrpXEAgbeB7EfrLoZUbIF8ibHw2h3dR34UuoBHIA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在模糊测试的背景下，帕累托前沿是动态变化的，因为每个种子组中的度量值在模糊测试过程中发生变化。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">因此，使用非支配排序进化方法来计算动态的帕累托前沿。基本上，每个种子组都分配一个等级，初始值为0。在计算帕累托前沿的过程中，如果g’支配g，那么g的排名就增加1。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">对于每个模糊测试活动，BAZZAFL优先选择具有最小排名的组。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">新添加的种子组在下次计算帕累托前沿时进行排名。这可以节省计算帕累托前沿的时间，因为每次添加新种子时，无需更新所有种子的排名。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2.</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">放松的多目标问题</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：然而，在某些情况下，这六个度量同时满足的条件过于严格，导致没有优先排序的种子组。具体来说，所有的排名相同，因为没有种子能够支配其他种子。根据图4-3的结果，只有少数种子位于0级，表示如果不放宽约束，几乎无法得到更好的种子在帕累托前沿中。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">因此，如果当前的优先级排序无法选择具有最小排名的获胜组，BAZZAFL通过逐渐去除目标向量F(g)中的一个度量来放宽约束。优先删除那些不太可能触发错误的度量。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">首先删除度量m1（执行速度），因为最终目标是发现错误。如果去除m1仍然不能选择获胜组，作者将删除m2（覆盖的边数量）。如果仍然无法选择获胜组，m6（执行的基本块数量）将是第三个被删除的度量，因为AC比其他错误类型的发生概率低。最后，将删除m3（内存访问操作数量），因为OOB比其他类型的内存违规错误更可能发生。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">保留至少两个度量m4（衡量内存访问距离边界的远近的比率）和m5（已分配内存的大小），以确保问题仍然是一个多目标问题。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003528" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.48044692737430167" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="716" style="width:376px;height:181px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a6642e7c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDOU9Tibiahj7Yrl0VQGmzPoA3YypLE22yfWDibfA1Is8Mgb7lNX1NsWuIA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图4-3 不同级别的支配约束的总支配成功百分比</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．Power Schedule for Individual Seeds</span></span></strong></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">当选定一个种子组后，受到ENTROPIC的启发，BAZZAFL将模糊测试理解为一种学习过程，并基于香农熵来计算能量，从而优化能量分配。具体而言，如果一个种子能够揭示程序的更多信息，则该种子将获得更多的能量。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">1. </span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">香农熵</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：ENTROPIC是一个专注于更大代码覆盖的模糊测试工具。它将程序中的每个边视为一个物种，边的发现类似于物种发现。如果输入覆盖了边Di，则该输入被认为属于物种Di。由于一个输入可以覆盖多个边（即一个输入属于多个物种），根据香农熵公式 </span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003529" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.16025641025641027" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="156" style="width:114px;height:20px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cd7047ce&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDLYBwTV3p6WtBic9mc5a63bwdRxmr7waQ7ITY2ZwLicQpCeECUJJdCInw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ENTROPIC计算种子t的熵为：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003530" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.24036697247706423" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="545" style="width:223px;height:54px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bb29b89d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDeRoDFiaFzM7ZKCpvPOdIjicvd21B2bbIicbNjjRc8RKc4BQoAjkFVGpWQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">其中，S是区分物种（边）的数量，是由种子t生成的输入属于物种Di的概率，是生成的输入属于物种D1到DS的概率总和。公式表示了种子t观察到的信息量。熵值越大，种子t揭示的信息就越多。揭示更多边信息的种子将在模糊测试中分配更多能量，因为该种子能学习更多的程序信息。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">2.</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">五个物种</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：BAZZAFL借用了ENTROPIC在物种发现中的思想，并引入了五个物种来进行能量分配。一个物种用于边覆盖，其余四个物种分别用于四种错误。例如：COVG 是用于边覆盖的物种，程序中的不同边是不同的边物种。MVG 是用于内存违规错误的物种，每个输入的度量m3是一个物种… …（m4，m5，m6）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在实践中，作者观察到，频繁的物种会降低能量分配的效果。因为发现的稀有物种几乎可以解释未发现物种的特性，所以熵是基于稀有物种计算的。对于COVG物种，稀有物种是由少数输入覆盖的边。对于四个错误物种，稀有物种是由输入增加的错误度量的值。例如，如果输入增加了种子的度量m5的值，则该物种是稀有的，输入属于该稀有物种。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">因此，对于MVG、OOBG、MCG和ACG物种，种子t的熵被计算为：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003531" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2983425414364641" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="362" style="width:191px;height:57px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d1a2dcea&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDIkMeaGS9HC3gCBBLSBJznxvfhXeD2iaTEdWTbQr0z9CxDXwuolcyQtQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">BUG可以是物种MVG、OOBG、MCG或ACG。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3.</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">能量分配</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：每个种子属于所有五个物种。具体来说，每个种子包含边覆盖、内存违规错误、越界错误、内存消耗错误和算法复杂度错误的特征。因此，每个种子包含五个熵值。种子t的总熵计算为：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003532" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.06130268199233716" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="783" style="width:444px;height:27px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4603d5d8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDqnf0l9WAVVBp1dfNJc3pXuEJLb43luNr7ZgEiaOC8njI89RGXRAaSXw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><br/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中，gi是种子组g中的第i个种子，Rgi是种子组g中第i个种子的比例。有了比例Rgi，每个种子的能量可以简单地计算为：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003533" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2558139534883721" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="215" style="width:99px;height:25px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bb952d34&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDIZtqWPCGyUnYm79IYeYSjkwiaQkNXgcVAouWib1aPWcH6jOSl06SPfyw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><br/></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中，Eg是种子组g的总能量。基于边覆盖的种子，种子组的能量Eg按照AFL的策略计算。因此，BAZZAFL自适应地为种子组中的每个种子分配能量，揭示更多信息的种子将获得更多的能量。</span></p></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">4．Byte Inference for Mutation</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">使用与AFL++相同的变异操作符来进行变异。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">BAZZAFL推断出可以改变与漏洞相关的度量值的字节。字节推断基于这样一个观察结果：种子中的只有一部分字节与漏洞度量相关，这表明变异所有字节是浪费时间。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者考虑在确定性阶段对字节推断的变异操作，包括位级、字节级和字级的变异操作。具体来说，选择那些已知变异字节位置的变异器，如FLIP_BIT和SWAP32。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">对于每个面向漏洞的种子，字节推断更有可能变异与其目标漏洞相关的字节。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">请注意，由于确定性变异器的低效，仅对一个种子（即边覆盖种子）进行字节推断，然后将结果用于变异种子组中的其他面向漏洞的种子。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">至于模糊测试的其他阶段，大多使用非确定性变异器进行测试。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">BAZZAFL首先记录变异字节的位置，然后根据漏洞度量的变化确定变异位置是否与相应的度量相关。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">如果一个字节的变化导致MC度量值发生变化，BAZZAFL将记录该字节为种子s的相关字节。在变异针对MC设计的种子s时，BAZZAFL更可能变异与MC漏洞相关的字节。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003534" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3489010989010989" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="728" style="width:348px;height:121px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b8c7d46b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDII8wDqASS3PP8c9kYdPhYfaf6ceZ0miboarUjsrUvM1EuphyptlpeyA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图4-4 字节推断</span></span></strong></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="">五、评估</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">基于AFL++ 4.01a 实现了BAZZAFL，利用LLVM 13 对目标程序进行插桩，获取边覆盖和漏洞度量的反馈。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">使用与AFL++相同的插桩方式来获得边覆盖。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">对于内存违规漏洞，对操作内存的指令进行插桩，并计数这些指令。具体而言，在操作内存的函数调用处进行插桩，如malloc、free和memcpy。此外，作者还在可能操作内存的指令处进行插桩，利用LLVM中的mayReadFromMemory()和mayWriteToMemory()。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">对于越界错误，作者在数组和结构体等聚合数据类型处进行插桩，以获取偏移量（即内存访问的当前地址）和大小（聚合数据的总大小）。作者使用偏移量/大小的比值来量化越界的可能性。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">对于内存消耗漏洞，作者在分配和释放内存的指令处进行插桩，以获取已分配内存的总大小。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">对于算法复杂度漏洞，作者计算输入覆盖的基本块数。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．Experiment Setup</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003535" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8959044368600683" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="586" style="width:288px;height:258px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bf2e6970&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDMaZcHYNyIN3lAI3H1To5GQAfFXfZ9nv3u5At9v0DGbZ8U78vbxU9TA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表5-1 用于评估的程序</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在Ubuntu 18.04上，使用Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold Silver 6230R CPU进行实验。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">如表5-1所示，在24个程序上运行模糊测试，这些程序来自UniFuzz。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">对每个目标程序运行每个模糊测试器10次，每次运行24小时。所有模糊测试器都使用提供的相同初始种子。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">基准模糊测试器包括AFL、AFL++、MOPT、MemLock、FuzzFactory和SLIME。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．RQ1: Effectiveness of BAZZAFL</span></span></strong></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003536" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3249097472924188" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:500px;height:162px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c8fbb504&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDgHgUQ1tBKI41v1up6moRXLCxvBP02JkwmIQykn9YeHLUjfRXic5y5AQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">表5-2 10次实验中模糊器暴露的独特崩溃和错误数量</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">如表5-2所示，BAZZAFL发现了最多的唯一崩溃和漏洞。BAZZAFL共发现了179个漏洞，覆盖了21个程序，发现的漏洞比第二名SLIME多62个（即多发现了53%的漏洞）。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">尽管BAZZAFL更多地关注漏洞，但它仍然保持了代码发现的能力。如表5-3所示，BAZZAFL比第二好的模糊测试器AFL++多发现1.75%的边。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">至于执行速度，BAZZAFL比其他模糊测试器平均快37.15%，仅比最好的模糊测试器AFL慢0.6%。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003537" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.36702767749699156" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:392px;height:144px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=db3668db&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDsZT2XnO4iceoyg5G0qtUwic8RsuKVAFZRIb7SliaqFdxoiaxg7LScvDw1g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font></b><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5</span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">-</span></font></b><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3</span></font></b><b><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">10次实验中模糊器的平均边覆盖数和执行速度</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">表5-4展示了作者实验中发现的漏洞信息，包括CVE ID、漏洞原因以及漏洞所属的类别。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">BAZZAFL暴露了九种类型的漏洞，包括使用后释放、内存访问违规、（栈、堆或全局）缓冲区溢出、缓冲区过读、内存泄漏、错误分配、作用域外使用、栈溢出、内存不足和浮点异常。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在这九种漏洞中，使用后释放和内存访问违规可以通过内存违规种子进行攻击；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">栈溢出可以通过算法复杂度种子进行攻击；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">内存不足、内存泄漏和错误分配可以通过内存消耗种子进行攻击；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">缓冲区溢出可以通过越界种子进行攻击。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003538" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.005639097744361" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="532" style="width:291px;height:293px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6c8dc139&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDWaIxvSZ7EVTzlGZBmzIoAw5eZpBIiau7EV3GTkDYNXDFNPlicj480OlQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font></b><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5</span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">-</span></font></b><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4</span></font></b><b><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">  </span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">BAZZAFL发现的典型错误类型</span></font></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．RQ2：Significance of Seed Groups</span></span></strong></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003539" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5246690734055355" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:420px;height:220px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=376c110c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDgTVm9Hy61aWvHdRUHMdYJzWCn9uKibasrciadbic9AxyjZ5tKZAUIUkFg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5-1 当一个面向bug的种子被禁用时，边覆盖、唯一崩溃和bug数量的比较</span></span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本节中，通过消融实验探索种子组中每个单独种子的影响。禁用种子组中的一个面向漏洞的种子，并与原始种子组进行对比实验。将禁用面向漏洞的种子的方案表示为BAZZAFL-，其中可以是MV、AC、MC和OOB之一。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">总体而言，当种子组中的所有种子都启用时，漏洞发现的效率更高。在50%的程序中，BAZZAFL比BAZZAFL-*发现了更多的唯一崩溃和漏洞。</span></span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">4．RQ3：Effectiveness of Seed Group Prioritization</span></span></strong></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在本节中，通过消融实验展示了放宽方法在种子组优先级中的重要性。对每个程序运行24小时，并计算每个级别上的成功支配次数。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">结果如图5-2所示，其中级别0表示满足所有6个约束。从级别1到级别4，按顺序每个级别放宽一个约束。在几乎所有程序中，级别0的支配成功率都低于3%。当级别增加（即约束减少）时，更多的支配成功发生。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003540" data-ratio="0.4790502793296089" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="716" style="width:379px;height:182px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1174e96a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDQR6icia9EYhNZ8nzFqDXkB76gT55QMIMlhIINjT9m9vKIJeR2r64icfag%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5-2 不同级别的支配约束的总支配成功百分比</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5．RQ4：Efficiency of Information Discovery</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本节中，通过最大时间段来衡量模糊测试器的效率，这段时间是模糊测试器未能发现新信息的时间，称为“空闲时间”。当模糊测试发现新的边覆盖或在漏洞度量上达到更大的值时，就会发现新信息。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">如果一个模糊测试器长时间无法发现新信息，则认为该模糊测试器效率低下。图5-3是一个小提琴图，显示了在10次实验中的平均空闲时间的概率密度。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在图中列出的10个程序中，BAZZAFL在所有程序上都比其他模糊测试器更高效地发现新信息，即BAZZAFL具有最小的空闲时间中位数。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003541" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3935018050541516" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:467px;height:184px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3379abce&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDc54mCLFPFSqOdxUTOzaibxLPNIXTrDBLicdaxdITPE8ofwJ5l82KibsYw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图</span></span></strong><b style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5</span></font></b><b style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">-</span></font></b><b style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3</span></font></b><b style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">空闲时间的</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Violin图</span></font></b></p><p data-pm-slice="2 2 []"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">此外，作者进行了字节推断的消融实验，结果如表5-5所示。度量更新计数指的是每个种子组中漏洞度量的更新次数，表示是否有任何漏洞度量得到更新。最大度量更新计数代表全局范围内最大漏洞度量的更新次数。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">表格中的前面值表示没有任何字节推断的结果，而后面的值表示在相应度量下进行字节推断的结果。ALL表示对所有4种漏洞度量进行字节推断。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">根据表格，对于大多数程序和漏洞度量，字节推断的度量更新计数比基线更高。这证明了字节推断在提高信息发现效率方面的有效性，并且与BAZZAFL的能量调度配合使用，使漏洞度量能够得到全面的利用和开发，并高效地最大化漏洞度量值。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003542" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.29121540312876054" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:435px;height:127px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=82db8074&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDibdhicr2icKKmIxOmr1HicUWiady5QNMdUx468bhPGjHEVd7FKFEL8qQic0Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font></b><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5</span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">-</span></font></b><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5</span></font></b><b><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">不带字节推理和带字节推理的不同路径</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">BUG度量和全局最大BUG度量的平均更新次数</span></font></b></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、结论</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在本文中，作者提出了BAZZAFL，旨在</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">优化多目标模糊测试的调度</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，包括边覆盖和多种类型的漏洞。BAZZAFL基于种子组开发了三个组件，分别是</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">种子组优先级</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">、</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">能量调度</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">和</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">字</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">节推断</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。评估结果表明，BAZZAFL</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-weight: bold;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">成功地优化了种子选择和能量调度</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，能够在多个目标之间进行有效调度，并且识别出了最多的独特漏洞。</span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Jun 2025 11:44:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>通过命令行反馈利用大语言模型提高编译器选项黑盒模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487166&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=f5e0bb1a8a8749524e4d5707e1332fde</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-06-18 15:15</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
</p>

<p></p>



<p>
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</p>


<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Enhancing Black-box Compiler Option Fuzzing with LLM through Command Feedback</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Taiyan Wang; Ruipeng Wang; Yu Chen; Lu Yu; Zulie Pan; Min Zhang; Huimin Ma; Jinghua Zheng;</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10771447" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10771447</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">ISSRE 2024</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;">无</span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><p style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">编译器在软件构建中扮演着核心组件的角色，编译器中的缺陷可能会导致编译失败，并引入潜在的安全漏洞，进一步影响编译后程序的质量和功能。因此通过软件测试和安全分析来确保其可用性和可靠性至关重要。目前，大多数研究集中在编译器在编译各种测试用例时的鲁棒性上，对编译器选项的可靠性缺乏关注。尽管一些研究人员已经在这方面做出了努力，但由于对编译器命令反馈信息的利用不足，导致测试效率低下，阻碍了更多样化和深入的测试。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在本文中，作者提出通过利用</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">命令反馈</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">来增强编译器选项黑盒模糊测试。其中命令反馈包括命令行消息和编译文件。命令行消息包括错误消息和标准输出。为了弥合错误与可能崩溃之间的差距，并使编译器能够自动修复运行时错误，提出了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误修复</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">模块，将根据错误消息修改编译器命令行选项。为了挖掘隐藏在成功结果中的错误和崩溃，并减少运行时间，提出了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项修剪</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">模块，将删除那些强制输出、掩盖崩溃的选项。上述两种方法都利用了大语言模型（LLM），并根据命令反馈消息和选项描述执行相应的操作。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文实现的原型</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">在4个版本的LLVM上进行了评估</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。实验表明，与基线相比，本文的方法</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">显</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">著提高了崩溃检测率</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">减少了假阴性</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，并</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">提高了编译的成功率</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。迄今为止，该方法已经识别出</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">9个以前未知的漏洞</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，其中8个已被分配CVE编号，1个在报告后得到了修复。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">编译器模糊测试有两种接口：编译测试用例和编译器选项。大多数研究专注于生成多样化且格式良好的测试用例，以在模糊测试过程中提高代码覆盖率，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">但往往忽略了编译器选项的测试，实际上，编译器选项能够启用特定功能（如优化），</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">提供更大的测试多样性</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。此外，现有的黑盒模糊测试方法主要依赖生成的二进制程序中的变化作为反馈来引导测试过程，未能充分利用编译器命令输出中的关键信息，例如错误信息和成功输出。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">而针对上述的问题，作者提出了本文的方法：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)深入研究了现有编译器选项模糊测试方法中大量的假阴性，并揭示了这些假阴性发生的关键原因。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)提出了一种新方法，利用大语言模型自动化执行选项修复和选项修剪的过程，从而减少假阴性，并提高编译器选项模糊测试的效率。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(3)通过性能实验和消融研究进行评估，与基准方法Cornucopia进行比较，评估在崩溃检测、减少假阴性以及提高编译成功率方面的效果。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003504" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4575289575289575" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="518" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6bfff428&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJD9IOo8ibeRStbib8I7kxib2R1qNsMiap5oUIicsQ4dwV2VnZrzODYAa947zw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  本文方法的工作流</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文的工作流如图1所示，包含了测试过程中的关键阶段。该方法从生成选项列表开始，选项列表来源于选项描述文档，包含了所有可供编译器直接在模糊测试中使用的选项。接着，模糊测试器利用选项列表中的选项集合生成命令行选项的组合，并将指示符替换为指定范围内的随机数据。最后，测试中的编译器将被调用，使用各种选项组合，并监控是否发生崩溃，记录所有崩溃输出以及错误和成功的结果。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">除了常规流程外，本文提出了两个模块来减少假阴性：</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项修复</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项修剪</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项修复模块</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">利用编译器测试产生的命令反馈中的错误信息。基于LLM，依靠网页搜索引擎和本地编译器选项描述文档，执行检索增强生成（RAG），最终提供如何修复相应命令行选项组合的建议，以消除错误。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项修剪模块</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">利用标准输出和已编译文件来判断是否存在阻碍崩溃输出的信息，或者是否为无效编译导致空输出文件。同时，使用LLM对选项描述文档进行语义对齐，通过差异测试识别出控制相应消息打印的特定选项。通过从选项列表中去除这些选项以减少时间消耗并揭示隐藏的崩溃。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．初步模糊测试</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">本文的方法从初始的模糊测试阶段开始，该阶段对收集后续过程所需的关键信息至关重要，由四个不同的阶段组成。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">生成选项列表</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：解析选项描述文档以生成选项列表作为语料库。选项描述文档可以来源于帮助页面和在线文档。对于不需要值的选项，通过包含或排除来使用；对于一个值有范围的选项，则列举该选项的所有可能值并将其包含在选项列表中；对于有些值过分广泛的选项，用指示符&lt;int&gt;和&lt;str&gt;来描述。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">生成选项组合</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：使用选项列表中所有可能的选项生成选项组合</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">变异</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：根据选项变异模块进行变异。当模糊测试器遇到指示符时，它会将随机种子中的特定部分解析为“&lt; str &gt;”的字节串，并使用取模操作将“&lt; int &gt;”的值限制在指定范围内。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">编译并收集命令反馈</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：使用生成的选项组合执行编译器并收集所有命令反馈，包括命令行消息和编译文件。持续监控运行状态，以确保及时报告发生的任何崩溃。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．选项修复</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">在初步模糊测试阶段之后，利用结果测试</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">数据（包括编译器命令反馈消息和编译输出文件）来帮助修复编译错误。选项修复过程与模糊测试循环并行工作，为模糊测试器提供修复后的选项组合进行执行。通过这种方式，可以发现隐藏的崩溃，并且甚至可以实现自动编译。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">选项修复过程依赖于两个新集成的组件：一个用于查询的LLM，能够根据测试结果提供潜在的修复方案；一个供LLM使用的网络搜索引擎，用于获取在线资源以提高准确性。如图2所示，选项修复模块包括以下四个步骤。</span></p><p><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003505" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7217235188509874" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="557" style="width:298px;height:215px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e0638071&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDQJibS6kOPlA7uPeiaa6aGINMuNzUAQSWDwnGAPaicXxm5RQPsmv4RaPNg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 2 选项修复模块工作流</span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">修复查询</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：首先，报告错误的测试结果被用于查询LLM，以获取这些错误的原因及解决方法。为了与LLM有效互动，需要使用提示语，理想的提示语应尽可能详细，包括示例和具体指令，如图3所示。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了纠正错误，本文定义了两种主要的候选操作：“删除”和“更改值”。“删除”操作涉及完全移除有问题的选项，而“更改值”操作则是为该选项选择一个不同的适当值。为了避免开启更大的选项搜索区间，该方法暂不考虑“添加其它选项”。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003506" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6112852664576802" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="638" style="width:291px;height:178px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=abcf67f0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDuzZeXlOyUyw3wyWxdiatDYvtbdDc297RIiaaxY8Hu9vm42wm46HCfbjw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">选项修复的提示语</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误信息查询</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：LLM利用搜索引擎搜索与错误信息相关的额外文章。通过进行实时在线搜索，LLM能够收集有关错误原因和潜在解决方案的更全面信息。这些额外的信息增强了LLM响应的可靠性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">描述检索</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在进行错误信息的在线查询后，LLM获得了对错误原因和潜在解决方案的初步理解，但这些信息仍需进一步验证。检索增强生成（RAG）通过参考其训练数据源之外的权威知识库来增强LLM回答的可信度。本文将编译器选项的描述文档视为这样的外部知识库，有利于判断是删除该选项，还是将其更改为不同的值。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误选项修复</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：一旦LLM处理了查询并从描述文档中检索到相关信息，它就会生成修复选项的策略，如图3所示。输出结果包括与错误相关的选项以及需要采取的具体行动，如删除或更改值。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">接下来，对识别出的选项应用指定操作，并通过操作选项生成器重新运行编译器。如果错误未完全解决，将启动迭代过程：当错误消息不变时，触发三层循环提示，重复查询，直到出现新错误消息或同一错误消息出现三次。若出现新错误，则为其启动新的三层循环提示；若同一错误出现三次，则结束提示并处理下一个错误案例。这一迭代过程旨在有限时间内尽可能解决更多错误。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．选项修剪</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">选项修剪阶段的目的是删除会导致强制信息输出的选项，从而提高效率，减少被隐藏的崩溃。选项修剪在下一轮模糊测试之前以串行方式执行，它准备了一个修剪后的选项列表，用于在模糊测试过程中生成测试用例。该模块同样是基于LLM构建的，如图4所示，包含以下四个步骤。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003507" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6272401433691757" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="558" style="width:303px;height:190px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cef9e5d5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDUz5oXkHgnttSl44fjzjgodxttyHvV35TVyN371QcH4mqIoQyME1drg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">选项修剪模块工作流</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">语义对齐</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了修剪不相关的选项，首先通过语义对齐识别输出类型的选项。利用LLM分析选项描述文档，判断选项是否属于输出类型；从输出消息开头的前十行中提取信息，确定输出类型，并与选项描述文档进行语义对齐，识别对应的输出选项；通过差异测试验证已识别的选项，确保其准确性。该过程中设计的提示语如图5所示。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003508" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6883802816901409" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="568" style="width:307px;height:211px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=52ffe278&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDN9hNuGx9RI7RVNe7VhMbOXRvvgIn9Wh4qicmPb0YAW0wYHllQDckksw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">选项修剪的提示语</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项差异测试</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：差异测试从崩溃概念验证（PoC）开始。一旦通过语义对齐识别了选项，通过将每个选项单独添加到崩溃PoC中，检查它是否会导致崩溃或改变状态。如果修改PoC后没有发生崩溃，则新增的选项被验证为阻碍崩溃发现，必须进行修剪。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项列表修剪</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：将待修剪的选项从选项列表中删除。由于仍然存在被修剪的选项可能导致崩溃的可能性，所以必须收集历史运行状态数据，以决定是否移除或保留它们，以便触发更多的崩溃。如果某个选项曾经出现在导致崩溃的组合中，则不建议移除它。若选项不与任何崩溃相关联，则更适合将其移除。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">种子稀疏化</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：将种子字节稀疏化到一个新的分布空间中。该方法涉及减少种子值的范围，使得种子主要由二进制“0”组成，且包含较少的二进制“1”。这意味着生成的选项组合中使用的选项数量将减少，并且本文的实验表明，这种方法在一定程度上是有效的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">4．来自LLM的错误答案的影响</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">在选项修复和修剪过程中，LLM的输出可能存在的随机性和错误答案。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">在选项修复过程中，LLM可能提供错误答案（如删除错误选项或替换错误值），导致原始错误保持不变或引入新错误。但本文设置了三层循环机制，通过三层循环提示过程处理错误，每个错误最多只有三次修复机会，若未解决则结束该进程，时间和资源消耗有限。该过程对LLM错误答案有一定的弹性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在选项修剪过程中，LLM的错误结果可能会提供与编译器输出无关的选项，这些选项将通过选项差异测试来处理。若一个选项通过了差异测试，则会检查历史崩溃信息，确认其是否是已知崩溃的原因，可能潜在触发漏洞的选项会被保留。</span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5．具体实现</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">整个模糊测试框架基于AFL++，其变异模块由Cornucopia实。代码使用Python编写，主要用于解析选项文档，将其转化为可用选项列表，并生成随机种子。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">选项修复模块使用Python实现，并在每轮模糊测试后操作模糊器中的选项生成器。选项修剪模块也使用Python实现，并集成到模糊测试框架中进行离线处理，控制种子生成和选项生成器。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">在选项修复和选项修剪模块中，作者根据LLM的不同需求做出了不同的选择。对于选项修复，它需要在线检索能力，因此选择了商业版Microsoft Copilot，由Bing在线搜索引擎提供支持。此外，由于需要文档检索，部署了基于LangChain-Chatchat项目的RAG服务。对于选项修剪，它需要LLM实现语义对齐，本文尝试了开源LLM，如Vicuna、Alpaca、LLaMA和RWKV。通过实验发现基于GLM的开源ChatGLM3-6B与LangChain-Chatchat提供的RAG支持配合得最好。</span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、实验</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">本文在三个实验中评估了本文原型的实现。首先，检查是否能在基准测试中检测到比现有工具更多的崩溃，并比较其与现有工具在假阴性方面的表现。其次，分析本文方法所提出的各个组件是否促进该有效性。最后，</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">研究是否能够在</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">现实世界</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">中发现新的漏洞</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">。</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．实验设置</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf=""> </span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">环境</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：所有实验均在使用Intel Xeon Gold 6230R CPU@104×4 GHz和256 GB内存的专用服务器上进行。 对每个目标和测试用例的组合并行进行了模糊测试，使用相同的配置在20个CPU核心上运行了2小时。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">目标</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在C/C ++编译器框架LLVM中进行了评估，专门针对其内部工具链，其中包括Clang，Opt，LLC，LLI等工具。本文仅对命令行选项进行模糊测试，因此会使用一组没有语法错误的良性测试用例集进行编译。 这种方法能够消除测试案例的影响并专注于选项。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">基线</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：由于本文是基于Cornucopia测试结果的观察，并且还基于cornucopia来构建本文的方法，所以选择cornucopia作为比较基线。本文方法包括两个新增模块：选项修复和选项剪枝。选项剪枝模块又包含两部分：种子稀疏化和选项列表剪枝。因此，在消融研究中，共有八个版本的方法来展示。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">指标</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：采用触发的崩溃crash数量作为度量标准，因为这本质上是模糊测试的目标。独特崩溃的数量是另一个评估指标，因为不同根本原因导致的崩溃数量可以在一定程度上反映黑盒测试中的代码覆盖率。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．实验1：有效性</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003509" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3436619718309859" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="710" style="width:412px;height:142px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e75fee5e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDLwBrfHPE4hVab4qb8GUCPhiba1Xyawk3GrrBDISiah3nu8o4M7KWDSEQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span><font face="Times New Roman" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1 </span></font><font face="宋体" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">不同测试结果的统计</span></font></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003510" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.32724719101123595" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="712" style="width:362px;height:118px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cf607e37&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDm3gjp1Nw4Xp5icJic82wGibhO0Z2WF138WJbeB3G81wrSu0r41FaLOKFg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">2 </span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">不同测试结果转换的统计</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文的方法旨在改善错误和成功测试结果中的假阴性案例，为了证明该方法的有效性，分别对错误和成功测试结果的变化进行了全面的统计分析，并记录了崩溃的次数。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">表1统计了基准Cornucopia和本文方法的测试结果，并比较了二者之间测试结果数量的变化。表中数据显示，本文的方法能够发现比基准显著更多的崩溃，增加了569.60%。错误结果数量的减少表明方法有效地解决了错误。表2说明，通过本文的方法，Cornucopia获得的大约18.73%的成功结果被转化为崩溃或无法处理的错误，大约47.67%的错误结果被转化为成功编译或崩溃。这些数据展示了本文工作在实现自动化成功编译方面的有效性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">独特崩溃的数量是评估模糊测试效果的重要指标之一。LLVM在崩溃时会生成“堆栈转储”，可以在修剪地址信息后通过比较堆栈跟踪来对崩溃进行分类。作者收集了从成功/错误结果到崩溃结果的转换数据，并将其记录在表3中。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">通过本文的方法，观察到大约8.23%的原始成功结果和14.52%的原始错误结果被转化为崩溃，从而导致崩溃总数显著增加。独特崩溃的数量增加了245.36%。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003511" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.32724719101123595" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="712" style="width:419px;height:137px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cf607e37&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDm3gjp1Nw4Xp5icJic82wGibhO0Z2WF138WJbeB3G81wrSu0r41FaLOKFg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">唯一崩溃数量</span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">的统计</span></font></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．实验2：消融实验</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在5.2中，选择了一组多样化的通用测试用例进行编译，其中包括来自 coreutils及其他软件包的代码片段。在消融实验中，仅选择了来自 augeas-tools软件包的单个代码片段augmatch，以使实验规模更小且更高效。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本文将八个版本进行对比：基线方法Cornucopia、带有种子稀疏化的基线方法、带有选项列表修剪的基线方法、同时包含两部分选项修剪的基线方法，以及另外四个对应的版本，这些版本额外包含选项修正模块。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">如表4所示，记录了每个实现版本的总崩溃次数及唯一崩溃次数。括号中的数字表示唯一崩溃的数量。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003512" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1940928270042194" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="711" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fc8b2f31&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDmUbUvcjLp3xGXUOQlEJ55B6unLUiaDnibutA19icyvXAzWUDlVU8uHydA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">消融实验中的崩溃数量统计</span></font></b></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">选项修正模块在模糊测试中的作用更多是优化而非核心支持，而选项修剪模块则在整个模糊测试过程中对崩溃发现的贡献最为显著。具体而言，选项修剪将总崩溃次数从19次（包含6个唯一崩溃）显著提升至142次（包含20个唯一崩溃），而选项修正仅将总崩溃次数增加至44次（包含8个唯一崩溃）。尽管如此，表4下半部分展示了包含选项修正模块的四个版本相较于上半部分的版本，发现了更多的唯一崩溃，这表明该模块在提升测试效果方面具有一定的有效性。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在选项修剪过程中，选项列表修剪操作对崩溃发现能力的提升贡献最为显著，且具有持续性。相比之下，种子稀疏化仅在特定条件下表现出有限的效果，甚至在仅应用于基线方法时，导致崩溃次数从19次（包含6个唯一崩溃）下降至5次（包含3个唯一崩溃）。为了在实际应用中平衡效果与性能，仅对50%的种子执行种子稀疏化操作。</span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">4．实验3：漏洞检测</span></span></strong></span></p></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">因为最终导致崩溃的实际触发命令包含大量选项，其中导致崩溃的关键选项隐藏在众多可用选项中。为了进一步研究本文方法如何从误判为非崩溃的测试结果中发现崩溃，以及如何处理崩溃以确定其是否是独特的，再次展示一个来自实验的真实案例。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">案例研究</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：对最新版本的LLVM进行了初始模糊测试，选择图6所示的命令作为分析起点。所有带有冗余打印消息的成功结果都会经过选项修剪模块处理。在所有成功结果中，大约 26.85%与图 6(a) 所示的命令消息相同。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">通过选项修剪模块的语义对齐阶段，自动识别出选项“--version”是这些消息的触发因素。选取初始模糊测试阶段检测到的一次崩溃，并在 PoC命令中添加“--version”以检查崩溃是否仍然发生。结果发现崩溃消失了，这证明“--version”可能会掩盖崩溃。因此，该选项被从选项列表中移除。在去除“--version”后提取结果，使其从图 6(a) 过渡到图6(b) 中的错误结果。通过与LLM的交互修正该问题。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">随后，编译命令再次成功执行，但它生成了一个空的编译文件，并伴随新的命令反馈消息，如图6(c) 所示，这表明命令仍然存在问题。在选项修剪模块的语义对齐阶段，识别出该输出消息由“--opt-bisect-limit”选项引起，因此将该选项从选项列表中移除。最终成功触发了一次崩溃，如图6(d) 所示</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf="" data-pm-slice="1 4 []"><img data-imgfileid="100003513" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8679245283018868" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="689" style="width:356px;height:309px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8fd4c49c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDmNOSYariaWtdDZ6Fytia9BicbbaXJ3736c78K5TZGbauGg4C9JnoveKCg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图6 一个真实案例的研究</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">真实漏洞</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：对LLVM 框架的四个版本（12.0.0、14.0.0、16.0.6、18.1.2）进行了全面测试，检测到的漏洞总体统计数据列于表5。由表可知，检测到的漏洞总数在较高版本中呈增加趋势，这可能是由于 LLVM 版本升级后选项数量的增长，例如：LLVM-12.0.0具有1148个选项，LLVM-14.0.0具有2385个，LLVM-16.0.6具有2009个，而LLVM-18.1.2具有2594个。另一个可能的原因是在选项修正模块的检索增强生成阶段，缺少在线支持，导致修正效果受到一定影响。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003514" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.22164276401564537" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="767" style="width:405px;height:90px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=96f63db5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDDy6q0dic5xUU8WveQRo4t1bcAV4PNWlcg6yzic3Y5KfhndOAlRQIPHmQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">在不同版本</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">LLVM</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">中检测到的</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">bug</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">的统计数据</span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">所有唯一崩溃均由脚本根据堆栈转储自动计算，而所有已确认的漏洞则经过人工分析，因此数量相对较少。本文主要关注最新的LLVM-18.1.2 版本中的崩溃，并尝试将相同的 PoC 应用于其他较低版本。所有已确认的漏洞均已上报至社区，其中一个已被修复，但仍有数百个崩溃待分析。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">最终，有8个漏洞被分配了CVE编号，另一个问题仍在处理中。每个漏洞都与LLVM的某个组件相关，表6列出了相关工具，包括bugpoint、opt、llc、clang-repl、lli、clang-import-test 等。表中列出的每个工具都有其特定功能，例如：bugpoint通过简化有缺陷的位代码文件来帮助定位漏洞；opt 用于优化 LLVM 中间表示（IR）。由于这些工具都属于 LLVM 框架，并共享多个关键组件，它们的功能和代码之间存在一定的耦合关系。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003515" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2196078431372549" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="765" style="width:433px;height:95px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a45c2fa3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloBsGtk3D6ibiaoYMZM3gKGJDfo6wUY5mJTia7ZHe9eoiaZK13z64Sq6VK5KMkxRQXyDYQvsGxUH88OcQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">6 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">确认的漏洞细节和相关工具</span></font></b></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、讨论</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">在本文中，作者研究了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">当前编译器选项模糊测试方法中普遍存在的假阴性问题</span><span leaf="">，具体表现为：</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">错误结果中的崩溃被错误消息掩盖</span><span leaf="">，以及</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">成功结果中的崩溃被强制标准输出信息隐藏</span><span leaf="">。为解决这两类假阴性问题，设计了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项修正</span><span leaf="">模块和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选项修剪</span><span leaf="">模块，以增强现有的黑盒模糊测试框架。这两种方法均</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">利用了LLM的智能语义理解能力</span><span leaf="">。在受控且一致的计算环境与时间约束下，评估结果表明，所提出的方法</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">显著降低了假阴性率</span><span leaf="">，提升了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">崩溃检测性能</span><span leaf="">，并</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">发现了额外的唯一崩溃</span><span leaf="">。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" 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      <pubDate>Wed, 18 Jun 2025 15:15:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
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      <title>Beyond REST：一种用于全面API漏洞模糊测试的工具APIF</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487150&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=3337e826144d84e123f6d83c4cffb942</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
<span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-06-16 09:48</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 16px;visibility: visible;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-imgfileid="100002145" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" width="677px" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Beyond REST: Introducing APIF for Comprehensive API Vulnerability Fuzzing</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Yu Wang，Tsinghua University；Yue Xu，PTLAB</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3678890.3678928" target="_blank">https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3678890.3678928</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">RAID2024</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/apif-tool/APIF_" target="_blank">https://github.com/apif-tool/APIF_</a> tool_2024（已关闭）</span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><p style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、摘要</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">在现代软件开发中，API发挥着至关重要的作用，它们促进了平台间的互操作性并作为数据传输的通道。API模糊测试（API fuzzing）已经成为探索Web应用程序、云服务和物联网（IoT）系统中的错误和漏洞的重要方法。其有效性高度依赖于参数结构分析和模糊请求生成。然而，现有方法更多地集中在RESTful API上，缺乏对其他协议的普遍适用性。此外，测试有效负载和测试效率的不足限制了这些方法在现实场景中的大规模应用。本文介绍了APIF，一种新型的API模糊测试框架，包含了三种创新设计。首先，APIF<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">采用树形结构模型来解析和变异不同API协议中的参数</span>，从而突破了现有研究仅适用于RESTful API的局限性，拓宽了其适用范围。其次，APIF<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">使用递归解码器处理API参数中的复杂编码</span>，增加了模糊测试的有效性。第三，APIF<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">结合测试优先级计算算法和参数独立性分析算法</span>，提高了模糊测试的效率，使得该方法能够广泛应用于现实中的大规模API漏洞模糊测试。论文在7个开源项目中通过412个API对APIF进行了与现有最先进模糊测试工具的比较。结果表明，APIF在精度、召回率和效率方面具有显著优势。此外，在实际的API漏洞探索中，APIF在60个API项目中发现了188个漏洞，其中26个漏洞已被软件维护者确认。</span></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究背景</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2.1  现代服务中的API</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Web服务API</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">传统的Web应用程序通常使用GET/POST方法来获取用户输入的数据，其中：1）GET请求用于加载网页或获取资源；2）POST方法提交表单数据，如用户登录凭据或支付信息。在更先进的应用场景中，WebSocket API提供了客户端和服务器之间的实时双向通信，非常适合聊天应用或实时更新。此外，GraphQL API提供了一种更高效、更灵活的查询和操作数据的方式，允许客户端精确指定所需的数据。通过探索这些不同的API，开发者可以识别并解决更广泛的漏洞问题，如注入攻击、会话劫持或Web应用中的数据过度/不足获取问题。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">云服务API</span></span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">大多数云服务的访问通常是通过RESTful API提供的，这些API支持多种功能。在实践中，不同的请求类型会触发云服务返回不同的响应。例如，在云计算平台中，客户端可以：1）使用GET方法检索他们当前使用的服务列表；2）使用POST方法创建虚拟机实例、容器和数据库；3）使用PUT方法更新资源信息；4）使用DELETE方法删除特定的资源。这些操作允许探索云服务的不同状态。通过自动生成并发送请求序列到云服务的REST API，黑盒测试工具可以探索隐藏在不同状态中的错误，并发现诸如命令注入、数据泄露和不当访问管理等漏洞。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">IoT系统API</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在物联网（IoT）领域，MQTT是一种广泛使用的轻量级消息传递协议，适用于小型传感器和移动设备。它实现了物联网设备与服务器之间高效可靠的交易。例如，在MQTT API中，客户端可以：1）订阅主题，以接收来自设备的更新或传感器数据；2）向主题发布消息，向设备发送命令或配置更改；3）使用服务质量（QoS）级别，以确保消息根据所需的保障等级进行传递；4）使用保留消息，持久化最后一条相关消息以供未来的订阅者使用。这些MQTT API操作是物联网通信中实时、事件驱动特性的核心。通过严格测试MQTT API消息和主题订阅，安全工具可以识别漏洞，如不当的消息处理、不安全的主题订阅以及潜在的窃听风险。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 2 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2.2  API漏洞模糊测试</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">现有的API模糊测试方法<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">旨在探索隐藏在API服务可达执行状态中的错误</span>。首先，模糊测试工具从OAS文件中读取信息，解析出API的访问路径、身份验证机制和参数结构等关键信息，并生成包含可模糊测试参数的请求模板。随后，它从预定义的模糊测试库中选择特定的测试向量，这些向量根据API中包含的不同参数进行定制。然后，这些向量用于插入或替换现有的参数值，创建符合API参数结构的请求。最后，工具将完整的测试请求发送到目标API，获取响应数据，并将其与预定义的响应检查器进行比较。这个过程有助于确定API是否存在错误或安全漏洞。API模糊测试工具的主要模块如下。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003481" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.24074074074074073" data-type="png" data-w="864" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=386cdb70&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4Vj9KnBAZhUzDViaaQ0pbxzGjRsbZMo6oL5tS0RafG92yrq00diaHdOmQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><div style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 1  将RESTful API规范转换为请求模板，以及生成的请求和相应的响应的示例</span></span></strong></p></div><div data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">API 参数解析</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">API模糊测试工具需要解析API的请求消息结构，随后构建请求模板，以便进行后续的模糊测试过程。具体流程如下：首先，测试工具需要读取每个API的OAS文件，该文件包含关键的细节信息，如API请求路径、请求方法、参数名称和输入约束，如图1a所示。为了获取API规范，用户有两种主要方法：1) 手动定义API的路径和参数结构，读取供应商在网页上发布的API文档；2) 从API供应商提供的公开OAS URL或Swagger文件中自动解析。接着，基于该规范，模糊测试工具进行静态分析，构建请求模板，如图1b所示。在模板中，使用不同类型的变量来组装完整的API请求。在这里，Static类型表示不可变的字符串，用于确保请求消息的合法性，并且不受修改。Consumer类型要求输入具有上下文依赖性的指定数据。Fuzzable类型的值则用于后续的测试向量生成阶段。在该阶段，这些值将被替换或变异成不同的测试向量，以执行请求。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">测试向量生成</span></span></p></div><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">在这个模块中，模糊测试工具为请求中的每个参数分配一个值，并构造一个完整的请求，该请求准备在序列模板中发送。如图1b所示，请求模板`GET /console/{id}`包含两个参数，{id}和cmd，需要设置这些参数。为了生成一个可用的请求，有两种方法可以获取参数值：1）从预定义的漏洞测试字典中选择一个替代值（例如，SecList）；或2）从先前请求的响应中读取目标对象。对于参数`id`，模糊测试工具将从另一个API的响应中读取一个目标对象值，该API在创建后提供有效的`id`对象。生成的测试请求如图1c所示，其中为参数`cmd`设置了一个命令注入漏洞载荷`cat /etc/passwd`。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;">漏洞验证</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">测试请求生成完成后，模糊测试工具将请求发送到目标API，并检查其响应以确定是否存在漏洞。例如，如图1d所示，API的响应包含来自/etc/passwd文件的内容（一个Linux系统文件路径），这表明命令cat /etc/passwd已成功执行，提示存在命令注入漏洞。</span></span></p><p><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">通过利用上述主要模块，现有的API模糊测试工具能够自动生成请求，以通过其API测试不同的服务。然而，它们在参数解析和请求生成阶段仍然存在局限性，导致状态探索进展缓慢，这也是本文的主要研究重点。</span></span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、API漏洞模糊测试的挑战</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">3.1  API参数结构解析</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">Fuzzer 首先需要理解 API 的参数结构，才能对不同的 API 参数进行变异测试。参数解析的过程包括两个问题：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">通用性：</span>现有的研究仅适用于 RESTful API，无法解决第 2.1 节中提到的其他场景，包括 Web 应用中的 SOAP 和 GraphQL API、云应用中的 gRPC，以及物联网系统中的 MQTT 等 API 类型。不同风格和协议的 API 参数结构具有相似性（图 2），这使得论文能够抽象出一种统一的表达方法，从而使 RESTful API 的模糊测试技术能够广泛应用于更多场景。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003484" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2" data-type="png" data-w="865" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b3beca49&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlquqbicbhhElFo6lAnv2VXntvaRPR0Urib2WVc2CZxhTA3LnGA5GicmenB9ias9dyCibuFGnfnP3Wb4O5Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 2  不同API协议下，包含两个参数&#39;id=12345&#39;和&#39;cmd=getStatus&#39;的查询API请求信息示例</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">参数编码：</span>另一个挑战是<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">识别 API 中复杂的编码结构和参数关系</span>。这确保了测试向量能够准确地针对特定参数，而不干扰其他参数的功能。例如，常见的 API 将参数封装在 HTTP 请求体中，使用 JSON、XML 等格式，以及包含嵌套编码的数组类型对象作为参数值。如列表1所示，pfile 参数的值采用 base64 编码，而 info 参数包含 XML 结构化数据。如果没有正确的编码识别和参数解析，盲目修改消息内容进行模糊测试会导致 API 响应中的格式错误，从而妨碍漏洞的发现。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003487" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5557729941291585" data-type="png" data-w="511" style="width: 511px;height: 284px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ea2a763a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlquqbicbhhElFo6lAnv2VXntjeGskapjiafKTtSQicSVibS9Fj9Tv0oTMKcSukOWJ6q9rGUjQdicxK3icoA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">列表 1  请求参数中的编码</span></span></strong></p></span></p></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">3.2  API参数结构解析</span></span></strong></span></p></span></p><p><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">在同一应用程序中</span><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">按合理顺序测试API</span><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">非常关键。API参数往往彼此依赖，一个API的响应数据中的值字符串可能是另一个API中有效的请求参数值。如果直接注入数据而不考虑这些依赖关系，可能导致没有意义的结果，并生成大量无效的测试请求，从而影响模糊测试的效率。此外，在一些大型应用中，为了在有限的时间内完成测试，必须计算这些API的优先级，以提高测试过程的效率。</span></span></p><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">3.3  优先级测试路径选择</span></span></strong></span></p></span></p></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">API安全测试通常面临大量的API及其相关的API调用依赖路径</span>。这通常需要在单个API或特定API调用路径上进行大量有效负载注入尝试，导致安全测试结果需要较长时间才能收敛。在会话生命周期有限的情况下，这一问题尤为突出，可能在会话过期前只能完成有限数量的路径测试。通过评估测试优先级，论文可以在给定时间内优先测试那些具有更高漏洞概率的API和API调用路径。</span></span></p><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">3.4  API参数间的相互依赖性</span></span></strong></span></p></span></p></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">API参数模糊测试是检测API漏洞的关键方法，因为API参数中的任何位置都可能触发漏洞</span><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">。通常，模糊测试工具在每次API请求中只更改一个参数，这会导致大量的测试请求，从而降低了模糊测试的效率。如果论文能够识别参数之间的相互依赖关系，就可以在一次请求中同时测试多个参数，从而提高模糊测试的效率。列表2显示了一个论坛发帖的API请求。提交时，系统会检查给定的分类值是否已存在，如果未找到则返回错误消息。在单次请求中同时测试category和title参数的模糊测试工具会发现，title的测试向量无效。因此，它们需要两个单独的请求来验证这两个参数。然而，由于title和authorName是独立的，模糊测试工具可以在一个请求中同时对这两个参数进行变异。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003488" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.376453488372093" data-type="png" data-w="688" style="width: 578px;height: 218px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a0cbfcfa&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlquqbicbhhElFo6lAnv2VXntOrT5P41nP4K0dyGXas2qwvLZeo0FicY0NppR5A268QERYPxP4cICMXg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">列表 2  API参数之间的相互依赖性</span></span></strong></p></span></p></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、概述</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">论文的设计目标是创建一个实用的API漏洞模糊测试框架，具有</span><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">更强的通用性、有效性和效率</span><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">。该框架能够广泛适用于各种API类型，解决复杂参数编码、顺序约束和参数约束等挑战，确保测试向量的有效注入。此外，它能够根据漏洞发生的可能性优先选择测试目标，并同时在单个请求中变异多个参数，最小化计算和网络I/O资源的消耗，从而在大规模批量API模糊测试的实际场景中提供高效性。</span></span></p><p><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">基于这些设计目标，论文提出了APIF，一个全面的黑盒API漏洞模糊测试框架。它通过三种方式增强了模糊测试过程。首先，它解码编码的API参数值，并将其解析为统一的基于树的结构。其次，它计算漏洞的发生概率，并识别API之间的依赖关系，以创建合理的测试顺序。第三，它检查API参数之间的相互关系，以便在单个请求中同时注入多个测试向量。这些改进来自现有API模糊测试工作的不足。整个过程的结构如图3所示。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003489" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3763157894736842" data-type="png" data-w="760" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a2b6d8b2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlquqbicbhhElFo6lAnv2VXntico6zM9ahCELutwNLo444guaft8XbyVkshzAoTWTAXVW1VvUOb9QU2A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 3 APIF流程概述图</span></span></strong></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、具体实现</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5.1  API获取</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">该过程首先在客户端部署一个知名的代理服务器MitmProxy，充当中间人，拦截API通信数据。拦截的消息提供了API结构和参数的相关信息，为在APIF框架内进行进一步分析和测试奠定基础。</span></span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">与通过OAS文件分析API参数相比，从真实的API通信流量中解析API参数结构有两个主要优点：</span></p><p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">通过OAS获取API参数结构的可行性取决于API类型和API声明文件的维护。在实际场景中，并非所有API都有可访问的声明文件。然而，所有协议的API交互都可以通过流量捕获获得。</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">通过分析API流量，论文不仅可以观察到API的参数结构，还可以获取有效的参数值。这有助于解决不同API之间的上下文依赖性问题，从而促进合理测试顺序的确定，并增强测试覆盖率。</span></p></li></ul></p></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5.2  API参数解析</span></span></strong></span></p><div><div data-pm-slice="3 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">论文提出的API参数解析算法解决了以下两个问题：1) 不同类型的API具有不同的协议和参数格式。为了使模糊测试器更具通用性，论文需要一个统一的数据结构来表示API参数。2)如前所述，API参数值的解码工作影响后续测试向量生成和参数变异阶段的实施，这对于API漏洞模糊测试的有效性至关重要。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">论文实现了用于从多种协议的API通信中提取参数内容的解析器。首先，论文通过协议特征匹配确定API请求消息的协议类型。论文开发了一个基于特征识别的协议类型检测模块，用于识别常见的API通信协议。例如，RESTful API可以通过URL模式、版本参数和ACCEPT头等特征有效识别。GraphQL API可以通过其数据结构和特定操作字段，如“query”、“mutation”或“subscription”，来区分。SOAP API则可以通过XML数据格式以及诸如Envelope、Header、Body和Fault等独特节点来识别。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">随后，对于各种API协议，论文采用相应的解析库来捕获参数及其值。这个过程包括递归解码，将API参数和值组织成统一的树形结构，如算法1所示。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">递归解码器将在检测到结构化对象（例如JSON、XML、数组类型数据等）时，尝试解码被编码的参数。递归解码器将拦截的API请求参数中的编码API参数值（如列表1所示）转化为树形结构（如图4所示）。该参数解析算法能够有效地将所有键值对参数转换为一个综合的树形结构。这有助于更深入地分析和理解API的编码和参数结构，对于后续的漏洞模糊测试至关重要。与其他工具相比，最大的创新在于测试有效载荷的注入将在树形结构的每个节点上进行。这将模糊测试的粒度从参数级别提升到结构化对象的每个节点，从而使论文能够进行更深入的模糊测试，显著提高发现之前难以检测到的安全漏洞的可能性。此外，它在不同API通信协议之间具有一定的通用性，相比于以前的研究（其中为每个目标API生成变异模板，见图1b），具有更广泛的适用性。</span></p><p><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003490" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9384858044164038" data-type="png" data-w="634" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=10ce82be&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlquqbicbhhElFo6lAnv2VXntrT8x9ibEU9LUBJk5RiaicqRGW5UVfMyEb53nsvibOrZ8sPTTNTXUrJgv9Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">  算法 1 API参数解析过程</span></span></strong></p></div><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5.3  测试优先级计算</span></span></strong></span></p></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">APIF通过利用API请求元素来计算API中漏洞的概率。该计算用于对API进行优先级排序，以便在设定的时间范围内最大化漏洞的发现，从而提高测试效率。在这个领域，模糊测试的常见优先级计算方法在应用于API时遇到了一些显著问题，例如：1) 导致API漏洞的因素与导致错误的因素不同；2)黑盒测试使得获取详细的测试覆盖率指标（例如代码或函数级别的执行覆盖率）变得困难。借鉴API相关漏洞挖掘的经验以及公开漏洞数据集的验证，论文确定了三个用于评估API漏洞可能性的指标：</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">用户可以输入的参数越多，漏洞的概率越大。这是因为大部分API漏洞是由于对用户输入的处理不当所导致的。</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">API中参数类型越复杂，发现漏洞的可能性越高。复杂的参数类型意味着API中涉及多种数据类型的查询和功能。数据类型的复杂性增加了安全漏洞的可能性。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">API支持的请求方法越多，发现漏洞的概率越高。例如，支持GET、POST、UPDATE和DELETE等访问路径的API通常涉及更复杂的操作功能和代码逻辑，容易导致风险实体操作和权限问题。</span></p></li></ul><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">APIF通过一个快速风险评估算法定义API测试优先级，该算法使用三个指标。指标得分越高，表示API的功能越复杂，漏洞发生的概率也越高。</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">参数覆盖率。这是通过将单个API中的参数数量除以测试范围内所有API的总参数数量来计算的。</span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">参数值覆盖率。考虑到参数类型的多样性（例如，int、float、str、null、bool），该比率通过将单个API中的参数值类型数量除以测试范围内所有API中的参数值类型总数来计算。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">操作方法覆盖率。对于具有GET、POST、PUT和DELETE等操作方法的API，论文通过将单个API中的操作类型数量除以测试范围内所有API中的操作类型总数来计算该比率。</span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">为了中和计算指标之间规模和分布差异的影响，论文采用Z-score方法进行数据标准化。该方法基于原始数据集的均值μ和标准差σ对数据进行标准化，旨在将不同量级的数据统一到相同的尺度上。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003491" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.46629213483146065" data-type="png" data-w="178" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bd3e7232&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlquqbicbhhElFo6lAnv2VXnt3MpIjpghUAf5VSUcXzIxcdfC5d8aYtN0UgicUfeFpXRVysvscNnByQA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">Z-score的转换函数如上式所示，其中x表示计算标准的每个观察值。例如，如果操作方法覆盖率在测试API中的结果为x1, x2, x3, …, xn，则在应用Z-score公式后，操作方法的标准化序列变为y1, y2, y3, …, yn，且每个值的均值为0，方差为1。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">对这些变量进行线性回归：漏洞概率hɵ (x)，操作方法覆盖率x1，参数覆盖率x2，以及参数值覆盖率x3。论文分析了2022年2月到2023年6月期间在开源系统中报告的206个API漏洞，作为论文的数据集。论文计算了这三个覆盖率及其相关的漏洞概率，以确定它们的权重。结果如下式所示。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003492" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.09507640067911714" data-type="png" data-w="589" style="width: 578px;height: 55px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ef46b8ce&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlquqbicbhhElFo6lAnv2VXntHVXS5Wj71TgVlRM13WKdPSPVf5hlqGVCs5P3DoibrbXCTEPLicHpETZg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 [\&#34;para\&#34;,{\&#34;tagName\&#34;:\&#34;section\&#34;,\&#34;attributes\&#34;:{},\&#34;namespaceURI\&#34;:\&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\&#34;}]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5.4  测试向量生成</span></span></strong></span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">测试向量生成。在计算了漏洞概率并确认了要测试的API的优先级后，APIF将使用约束求解方法生成具有适当顺序的测试向量，以适应上下文依赖关系。随后，APIF将进行参数独立性分析，并尝试在一次测试中变异多个参数，以减少总的测试数量并提高整体测试效率。确认了并行测试策略后，APIF将从预定义的模糊测试库中获取有效载荷，并基于先前生成的统一树结构进行变异。最后，APIF将根据参数的编码类型重新编码有效载荷，并发送测试请求。</span></p><div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">约束求解</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">有必要按照适当的顺序依次测试不同的API。例如，在一个电子商务支付系统中，在创建了产品购买订单之后，才能进行支付。因此，论文不能直接对支付接口进行测试，而是必须先创建订单。在APIF中，论文设计了一种算法，根据API通信流量计算一组请求序列（算法2）。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">该算法最初包含一个空序列，并且如果序列中的每个请求返回有效的响应代码（定义为200范围内的任何代码），则认为该序列有效。算法从n = 1开始，迭代地计算逐步增加长度的请求序列。对于每一组有效的长度为n − 1的序列，它通过将满足依赖关系的请求添加到每个序列的末尾来创建新的长度为n的序列。函数`render`检查指定请求的所有依赖是否得到满足。如果序列中的每个动态对象（作为请求参数使用）都由序列中的先前响应生成，则该序列有效。如果所有关系得到满足，则保留长度为𝑛的新序列，否则丢弃它们。如果作为后续请求参数使用的动态对象在该请求之后被销毁，算法通过尝试重用该对象时收到无效的状态码（超出200范围）来检测到这一点，并丢弃该请求序列。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003493" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.52465483234714" data-type="png" data-w="507" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0125ae9c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhPxJJxvzq8XLicZTNUBxAb0L06DZF6Gf3fZW7k1icSj0NPicCSfZ0BUzVFQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 [\&#34;para\&#34;,{\&#34;tagName\&#34;:\&#34;section\&#34;,\&#34;attributes\&#34;:{},\&#34;namespaceURI\&#34;:\&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\&#34;}]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">算法 2 API请求约束求解</span></span></strong></p></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">参数独立性分析</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">当前的API模糊测试方法通常一次只变异一个参数，以确保全面的测试，这导致了大量的测试。为了解决这一低效问题，论文开发了一种参数独立性算法。该算法分析了参数之间的相关性，识别了API的独立参数。在黑盒模糊测试中，这使得可以在每个请求中同时变异多个不相关的参数，从而显著减少测试数量并提高漏洞发现效率。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">对于一个具有n个可选参数的API（如下公式所示），假设每个参数有P1、P2、...、Pn个有效负载和Q个无效负载，则需要进行总共S次测试。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003494" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.44776119402985076" data-type="png" data-w="201" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7681705d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhP5UZqb7EaibBFrV4B12AHX0dk7LxS6VZ5HsJ1DEZUAjRibpsEwmcrFa1Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">通常，漏洞（或缺陷）是由单个输入或一对输入触发的，三种或更多因素组合引发的漏洞较为罕见。因此，将测试用例减少到触发漏洞所需的最小有效输入变化是至关重要的。如果每个测试用例不仅改变API中的一个参数，则在下公式中将生成R个测试用例，从而大大减少了测试用例的数量。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003495" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.49230769230769234" data-type="png" data-w="195" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5cd48fc6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhPagb3COxicVbmOwEyseZPkmYDupSkHCrF1AKa8KBhBWCzPWSuAfseUWA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">基于此，如果改变参数n1、n2、...、nk会导致响应结构与原始结构相同，而单独改变ni会导致不同的响应，则后续测试可以同时嵌入n1、n2、...、nk的负载，从而进一步提高测试效率。该算法在伪代码中描述，如算法3所示。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003496" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1053540587219344" data-type="png" data-w="579" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2e1101f1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhPJYv95PZGy0Hnrw2cOVVbP60ThqpAcKnInQxgo4aY5lehLqVYqHnEIg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 [\&#34;para\&#34;,{\&#34;tagName\&#34;:\&#34;section\&#34;,\&#34;attributes\&#34;:{},\&#34;namespaceURI\&#34;:\&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\&#34;}]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">算法 3 API参数独立性分析</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">例如，一个具有三个不同参数A、B和C的API，分别具有3、4和5个有效负载，通常需要60次（3 × 4 × 5）测试以进行全面测试。此外，还需要使用无效负载进行测试，比如将字符串用作int类型的参数。考虑到API通常以JSON格式传输数据，且具有基本类型，如int、float、str、null和bool，这会增加15次（3 × 5）用于无效格式的测试。然而，如果单独更改参数A和B的结果与原始响应结构相同，而更改C则产生不同的响应，那么在随后的测试中，A和B的负载可以同时嵌入，从而将总测试次数减少到26次（3+3+5+5×3）。这显著降低了所需的测试数量。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在上述过程中，参数A和参数B的独立性通过双向验证进行分析和确保。在第一轮中，算法首先对参数A进行变异以获得响应resp，然后在已变异的参数A基础上继续变异参数B，得到响应resp1。在第二轮中，算法首先对参数B进行变异以获得响应resp，然后在已变异的参数B基础上继续变异参数A，得到响应resp1。只有当两轮中的resp和resp1的结构完全匹配时，论文才将参数A和参数B标记为独立参数，并在后续步骤中进行同时测试。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">参数树变异</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在初步步骤之后，API测试序列中的参数被标记为可模糊的原始值。根据用户配置的漏洞字典，测试向量被插入到这些原始值中，替换它们的原始值。对于在分析阶段被识别为“独立”的API参数，多个测试向量会在单个测试请求中同时嵌入。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">APIF 引入了四种基本的变异策略，以增强API漏洞模糊测试，如图5所示。首先，它允许对特定参数节点的名称或值进行变异。例如，可以将有效负载专门注入到 `uid` 参数中（图5a）。其次，框架支持遍历并变异所有符合特定过滤条件的节点。例如，应用命令注入漏洞测试向量到所有字符串数据类型的节点（图5b）。第三，APIF 允许向请求参数中添加新节点，例如插入名为 `admin` 且值为 `true` 的节点，有助于绕过权限检查（图5c）。最后，APIF 还支持删除节点；例如，删除与身份验证相关的参数可能会暴露由于验证策略不充分而导致的身份验证漏洞（图5d）。这些变异方法能够识别各种类型的API漏洞，并且能够适应不同的API格式，如RESTful、GraphQL、SOAP和gRPC，展示了很高的通用性。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003497" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6939102564102564" data-type="png" data-w="624" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e4ab0071&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhPCcX5iadqibp8Xk4iaBAofzX2uiccJvROA8ullYHibLpqcXE9Ad7aSMQMsoA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 [\&#34;para\&#34;,{\&#34;tagName\&#34;:\&#34;section\&#34;,\&#34;attributes\&#34;:{},\&#34;namespaceURI\&#34;:\&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\&#34;}]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5 APIF使用的参数树变异方法</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 [\&#34;para\&#34;,{\&#34;tagName\&#34;:\&#34;section\&#34;,\&#34;attributes\&#34;:{},\&#34;namespaceURI\&#34;:\&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\&#34;}]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">5.5  漏洞验证</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">漏洞验证。每个测试向量对应一个特定的验证方法，用于确定当前API中是否存在安全漏洞，并识别漏洞类型。论文将这些方法总结为三种类型：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">1) 响应消息中的内容匹配。例如，在使用模糊测试向量检查跨站脚本（XSS）漏洞时，论文验证API响应内容是否包含特定字符串，如JavaScript有效载荷或注入的DOM元素。类似的方法也适用于数据暴露、文件上传、命令执行等多种漏洞类型。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">2) 基于响应状态码的验证。在API序列的约束求解阶段，通常有效请求会返回200状态码。此模型对于检测具有不同状态码的漏洞非常有效。例如，如果对拒绝服务（DoS）攻击向量的响应返回503或504状态码，则确认API中存在此类漏洞。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">3) 基于响应时间的验证。一个典型例子是识别SQL时间盲注漏洞。在这种情况下，如果攻击向量包含SQL的sleep函数，论文将监控向量嵌入前后响应时间的变化。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">基于以上三种验证方法，论文列出了13种常见的API漏洞类型，包括：数据暴露、命令注入、对象级别权限控制漏洞、文件读取漏洞、权限控制漏洞、服务器端请求伪造（SSRF）、SQL注入、安全配置错误、拒绝服务（DoS）、错误处理不当、跨站脚本（XSS）、未实现内容安全策略（CSP）以及未验证的重定向。</span></p></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、实验设计及结果</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 [\&#34;para\&#34;,{\&#34;tagName\&#34;:\&#34;section\&#34;,\&#34;attributes\&#34;:{},\&#34;namespaceURI\&#34;:\&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\&#34;}]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">6.1  实验设计</span></span></strong></span></p></div><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">数据集</span></span><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">为了验证论文的研究，论文选择了4个在API模糊测试方法中广泛使用的API漏洞沙箱和3个真实世界的API项目作为模糊测试目标。该数据集不仅涵盖了API漏洞的全面性，还提供了在真实环境中的实用性。API漏洞沙箱包括：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">1) crAPI：一个旨在帮助测试人员了解关键API安全风险的项目，设计上容易被攻击，为API模糊测试工具提供了一个实际的测试平台。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">2) vAPI：另一个API漏洞平台，模拟了OWASP API安全Top10。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">3) APISandbox：提供更广泛的API攻击场景，包括4A认证系统下的问题、基于GraphQL的论坛、经典API漏洞、WSDL泄漏和未经授权的服务器访问。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">4) VAmPI：一个由Flask创建的漏洞API集合，包含来自OWASP API安全Top10的漏洞，旨在评估工具在检测API安全问题方面的效率。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">对于这些API漏洞沙箱，论文从项目文档中获取了漏洞API和正常API，分别作为正负样本的标签。为了衡量APIF在真实世界API应用中的表现，论文测试了三个开源项目：Spree 、GitLab-CE和SilverStripe，这些项目在真实商业环境中广泛使用。论文从这三个项目过去三年的官方安全更新中获取了漏洞，作为数据集中的正样本。最终的数据集涵盖了7个项目，共有412个API和112个安全漏洞。这些漏洞的类型也已按表1所示进行分类。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">模糊测试工具</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">为了验证论文的研究，论文将APIF与三种最先进的API模糊测试工具进行了比较：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">1) RESTler：第一个有状态的RESTful API模糊测试工具，旨在通过REST API自动测试服务中的错误。后来，研究人员改进了该工具用于检测安全漏洞，它被认为是API漏洞模糊测试领域的代表性研究成果。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">2) Fuzzapi：GitHub上最受欢迎的API漏洞模糊测试工具，允许安全专家通过进行各种攻击载荷的模糊测试来发现API中的漏洞，并广泛应用于实际的漏洞测试场景。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">3) OpenAPI-Fuzzer：另一个在业界广泛使用的开源API漏洞模糊测试工具，已经发现了多个公共系统（如Kubernetes、Vault和Gitea）中的API漏洞。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">4) APIF-A：基于该APIF框架的完整技术实现，使用Golang开发。它包括API参数树结构解析、漏洞概率计算以及基于参数相互依赖分析的并发测试。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">5) APIF-B：论文提出的理论框架的部分实现。与APIF-A不同，它不进行漏洞概率计算和独立性分析。每个请求仅进行单次突变。</span></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">测试向量库</span></span><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">API模糊测试工具的有效性不仅取决于框架，还取决于精心制作的测试向量库。为了避免专家经验带来的偏差，论文使用了广泛认可的安全漏洞测试库SecLists，该库包含不同类型的漏洞测试载荷，作为论文的测试向量库。通过在各个工具中标准化使用该向量库，论文可以更准确地比较不同工具在框架和算法设计方面的优缺点。上述所有工具都配置为仅使用SecLists中的向量进行自动化测试，无需人工干预。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验指标</span></span></p><div style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">论文的实验是在一台运行Ubuntu 20.04操作系统的计算机上进行的，该计算机配备了Intel I7处理器和16GB的内存。论文使用RESTler、Fuzzapi、OpenAPI-Fuzzer、APIF-A和APIF-B进行了测试。论文记录了以下指标：总测试时间、达到50%和90% API覆盖率的时间、网络指标以及漏洞输出指标：</span></span><p style=""><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">(1) 报告的漏洞（TP+FP）：指每个模糊测试工具自动计算和报告的漏洞结果。一条漏洞信息包含三个关键元素：1）漏洞类型，2）漏洞所在的API端点，3）触发漏洞参数位置。</span></span></p><p style=""><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">(2) 验证的漏洞（TP）：指通过人工验证模糊测试工具所产生的漏洞（上述三个元素）是否与数据集中的记录完全一致，若一致，则标记该漏洞为“已验证”。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">由于RESTler、Fuzzapi和OpenAPI-Fuzzer需要从OpenAPI规范（OAS）文件中解析API参数结构，论文统一为412个目标API生成了OAS文件。此外，论文使用Postman（一种能够向API发送请求并接收响应的API调试工具）来触发每个API的访问行为，这使得APIF-A和APIF-B的MITM模块能够捕获API通信流量，从而推导出API参数的结构。此外，目标程序和测试工具都配置了有效的身份验证会话。这些设置确保所有模糊测试工具都适用于所有目标API，消除了由于无法获取API参数结构（例如缺少OAS文件或缺乏API访问流量）以及缺失身份验证机制而对测试有效性产生的影响。</span></span></p><p style="" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">6.2  结论</span></span></strong></span></p></div></div></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">论文对数据集中的所有目标API进行了漏洞测试。图6a展示了每个工具报告的漏洞数量。通过与数据集中的结果进行比较，图6b显示了实际的API漏洞数量。每个工具识别的详细漏洞列在表1中。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003498" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.43342776203966005" data-type="png" data-w="706" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9890b4b8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhPtmSdlhaN6ZLAA7y9WJDkticjHQGw4633h8Aafor0v4qYp7FGiaUYib6Xw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 [\&#34;para\&#34;,{\&#34;tagName\&#34;:\&#34;section\&#34;,\&#34;attributes\&#34;:{},\&#34;namespaceURI\&#34;:\&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\&#34;}]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 6 每个模糊测试工具发现的漏洞数量</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">每个工具的详细指标，包括总测试时间、达到50%和90% API覆盖率的时间、网络I/O次数、网络流量和漏洞数量，如表2所示。论文从多个角度比较了不同工具的实验结果：有效性、效率和通用性。论文还进行了消融测试，并评估了在实际场景中漏洞检测的有效性。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003499" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8437956204379562" data-type="png" data-w="685" style="width:578px;height:488px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e85d4927&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhPlWw22xq3sdIyGLTiaKCKfx9vcvYaLr73UxtnDSLIUcP4MsWp1eLZg9Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 1 对于每一个模糊测试工具的真阳性结果</span></span></strong></p></span></p></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003500" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.48985959438377535" data-type="png" data-w="641" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=98bb9166&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhPwaSchztePJRYw7cjia0HkQwfR3OTiaUrQOayU2k1wJ2ibywSgxkscjXFg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 2 指标和对比结果</span></span></strong></p></span></p></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验一：有效性比较</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">表2显示，APIF-A和APIF-B在漏洞检测的召回率和精确度方面优于其他工具。除了真实API通信通常包含更多信息外，许多参数只有经过递归解码和编码后才能有效测试。在使用一致的测试载荷库的情况下，这表明<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">论文的API参数解码和树结构突变显著提升了漏洞测试的覆盖率</span>，从而发现了更多潜在的问题。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验二：效率比较</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">虽然APIF-A和APIF-B产生了相似的漏洞检测结果，但APIF-A节省了58.9%的测试时间，并显著减少了网络I/O请求和网络流量的消耗。这表明论文在</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">测试向量生成阶段采用的API参数独立性分析算法有效地减少了测试次数并提升了整体测试效率</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。参数的并发测试导致APIF-A比APIF-B少识别了2个漏洞，表明该算法的准确性仍需进一步优化。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">此外，根据图6b中APIF-A的漏洞发现曲线，论文可以观察到，APIF-A在测试时间的前半部分报告了76.4%的漏洞检测结果。APIF-A数据曲线的下降斜率表明，测试优先级计算算法有效地优先考虑了高风险API。在实际的大规模应用测试中，普遍存在在有限的时间内发现尽可能多的安全漏洞的目标。这一要求为在大规模实际应用中部署APIF的可行性提供了有力的支持。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验三：可推广性比较</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">论文观察到，SilverStripe项目包含四个GraphQL API漏洞：CVE-2023-44401、CVE-2023-40180、CVE-2023-28104和CVE-2021-28661。如前所述，现有的API漏洞研究已针对RESTful API进行了优化，但未考虑其他类型的API。因此，工具RESTler、Fuzzapi和OpenAPI-Fuzzer未能识别这四个漏洞。同时，APIF-A和APIF-B成功识别了其中的两个漏洞，CVE-2023-28104和CVE-2023-40180。触发这些漏洞需要在插入测试向量之前进一步解码GraphQL消息。论文的APIF框架的递归解码器和树结构变异完成了这一任务，表明</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">APIF的理论方法在不同API协议中都有效，具有更强的可推广性</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验四：消融实验</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">为了研究API参数独立性分析和优先级计算策略如何提升APIF的效率，论文对这两个主要组件进行了消融研究。论文实现了APIF的不同变体：1) APIF-A，启用了参数独立性分析和优先级计算，2) APIF-B，移除了参数独立性分析和优先级计算，3) APIFWith-Priority，移除了API参数独立性分析的实现，4) APIF-With-Independence，移除了优先级计算的实现。结果如图7所示。如同之前的研究，测试有效载荷集使用了Seclists，四个测试使用了相同的API通信数据。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003501" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.43879173290937995" data-type="png" data-w="629" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e7d71201&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo22t2Khhsa8KaT22e1JzhP1VLjHsia8zvWJA8WPUj6LWb06d2Fsw7V9tPbv58adYCutPpm7AN63VQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><div style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 7 每个模糊测试工具发现的漏洞数量</span></span></strong></p></span></p></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在图7a中，与未优化的APIF-B相比，APIF-WithPriority在相对较短的时间内能够发现更多的漏洞，并且不会影响漏洞检测的有效性，同时总体模糊测试持续时间几乎保持不变。这是因为参数优先级分析主要优化了测试顺序。在图7b中，APIF-WithIndependence的曲线显著缩短了整体模糊测试的持续时间，大大提高了效率。这个改进是由于在单个请求中并行插入多个有效负载，使得在给定时间内可以完成更多的测试用例。然而，由于在某些情况下对API参数独立性的判断不准确，检测到的漏洞数量略有下降。这表明<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">参数独立性分析方法仍有进一步优化的空间</span>。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;" data-pm-slice="9 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">七、局限及不足</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><div><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">7.1  API通信流量分析</span></span></strong></span></p></div></div></span></p></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">APIF采用被动流量分析来解析API的参数结构。然而，在上述实验过程中，其他工具解析了OpenAPI规范（OAS）文件。为了确保实验结果的有效性，论文为数据集中每个API生成了统一的OAS文件，确保对照组工具不会因为缺少API文档而未能发现漏洞。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在API参数解析中，流量分析和OAS解析是互补的方法，各有优缺点。流量分析擅长捕捉广泛的API上下文，并适用于缺少OAS文件的API，适用各种API类型。其缺点是需要一个中间人服务来拦截API流量。OAS解析则因其简便性而脱颖而出，不需要流量拦截，并且非常适合RESTful API。然而，当OAS文档不可用时，其效果有限，必须手动生成OAS文档。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">7.2  API认证</span></span></strong></span></p></div></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">对于在线服务API，某些功能需要用户认证。例如，一个典型场景可能允许普通用户使用GET方法访问信息，但只有管理员才能使用PUT方法修改信息。为了提高测试覆盖率，API模糊测试器需要理解不同API的认证机制。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在论文的实验中，论文为测试工具和被测应用配置了有效的认证会话，使得模糊测试工具能够访问需要授权的内容。在API漏洞模糊测试中，未能获得API认证信息会显著影响API测试覆盖率。因此，论文为APIF开发了一个认证模块，能够根据预定义的配置在测试请求中携带各种认证信息。用户可以通过配置文件向APIF提交其API访问凭证。一旦APIF识别到认证请求，它将自动携带这些凭证进行后续测试。然而，在实际场景中，并非所有目标应用都支持长期有效的认证会话。在这种情况下，测试工具只能使用它们获得的短期会话执行限时的安全测试。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="5 3 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;5 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">7.3  参数优先级计算的普适性</span></span></strong></span></p></div></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在进行参数优先级计算之前，论文使用历史CVE漏洞作为数据集，并基于TCL模糊测试验证了相关指标。借鉴论文在API漏洞挖掘领域的经验以及黑盒API安全测试场景的实际特点，论文最终选择了安全测试场景中最具代表性的三个特征维度来计算优先级。通过实验，论文成功地证明了这一改进可以提高基于参数注入、参数修改和参数删除的API漏洞模糊测试效率，从而推动更多后续研究的开展。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">然而，API漏洞还包括许多其他类别，例如逻辑漏洞。由于这类漏洞通常需要更为复杂且高度案例化的测试方法，因此本文并未涉及这类漏洞的效率优化方法。在未来的工作中，论文将进一步优化针对不同类型漏洞的优先级引导方法。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;" data-pm-slice="9 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">八、总结</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本文介绍了一个API漏洞模糊测试框架。论文创新性地采用了树状结构进行API参数的结构分析，有效解决了复杂编码问题，并实现了更深入的API漏洞发现，同时提升了框架的泛化能力，以应对实际批量测试场景中各种类型的API。随后，论文通过计算单个API中漏洞的可能性来进行优先级排序，并分析每个API中的参数独立性，从而优化了API漏洞测试效率。这使得论文能够<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">在单个请求中嵌入多个测试向量，从而显著减少了测试数量，提高了测试效率</span>。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">论文的实验结果验证了框架的有效性，显示出其在效率和发现更多漏洞的能力方面，相较于现有的API测试技术具有明显优势。论文将该框架应用于实际漏洞模糊测试，发现了188个BUG和26个漏洞，其中包括6个CVE和12个CNVD，涵盖60个开源API项目。总体而言，论文的方法可以作为改进API漏洞模糊测试技术的一个实际方向。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">未来的工作将重点通过引入与漏洞相关的其他因素来完善漏洞可能性评估，并探索这些因素之间的相互关系，以优化论文的评估方法。此外，论文将进一步改进参数独立性分析，以实现更精确和有效的结果。这些改进将进一步提升黑盒API模糊测试的效率。</span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002867" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" 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]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2025 09:48:00 +0800</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>SELECTFUZZ:采用选择性路径探索的高效定向模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487127&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=7bded765fbc0019e4e001fefee6b7a04</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-06-11 14:15</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
</p>

<p></p>



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<img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=43661c19&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4uxiasLibC34q232v720UM8vGwACEoCokMtdKoB4dF2X5fJpwETv6h6mA%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/>
</p>


<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">    <img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">SELECTFUZZ: Efficient Directed Fuzzing with Selective Path Exploration</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Changhua Luo，Wei Meng，Penghui Li</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10179296" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10179296</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">2023 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/cuhk-seclab/SelectFuzz" target="_blank">https://github.com/cuhk-seclab/SelectFuzz</a></span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><p style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、摘要</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">定向灰盒模糊器专门用于测试特定的目标代码。它们已被应用于许多安全应用程序，例如再现已知的崩溃和检测由不完善补丁引起的漏洞。然而，现有的有向模糊器倾向于发现新代码（能够提高代码覆盖率）的输入，而不管新发现的代码是否与目标代码相关。因此，模糊器将探索许多不相关的代码，从而导致测试效率低。</span><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在本文中，我们将目标程序中的相关代码与无助于触发目标代码漏洞的不相关代码区分开来。本文提出了SELECTFUZZ，这是一种新的定向模糊器，它选择性地探索相关的程序路径，以实现高效的崩溃复现和漏洞检测。它识别两种类型的相关代码——<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">路径分歧代码</span>和<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">数据相关代码</span>，它们分别代表了与目标代码的控制和数据依赖性。然后它选择性地插桩并仅探索相关的代码块。</span><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本文还提出了一种新的距离度量，可以准确地测量不同程序路径和输入的到达概率。本文在不同程序集中用真实世界的漏洞评估了SELECTFUZZ。SELECTFUZZ 显著优于基线定向模糊器高达 46.31倍，并在 Google Fuzzer 测试套件中表现最好。本文的实验还表明，SELECTFUZZ 和现有的路径修剪等技术是互补的。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">最后，使用SELECTFUZZ在经过良好测试的真实世界软件中检测到 14 个以前未知的漏洞——包括 6个被分配CVE ID，有11个漏洞被修复。</span></p></div></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究背景</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">当前的定向模糊测试所面对的一个主要的问题就是会耗费大量的资源来探索一些与目标代码“无关”的代码区域。而现在提升定向模糊测试的方向主要有两个：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）通过符号执行或污点追踪等方式获得高质量输入</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）识别出可以反馈给fuzzer的interesting的输入（哪些输入是值得继续探索的）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">总的来说，主要的问题就是如何识别或者说如何衡量一个输入它是否是对fuzz有意义的。以前的定向模糊测试通过两种方式来识别输入是否有趣：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）基于序列的输入优先次序：例如在AFLGo中提出的一种用于测算块间距离衡量标准：是在对目标程序生成的CFG中里面采用迪杰斯特拉算法计算两个基本块间的距离，而用于输入序列排序的输入距离就是到目标访问块之间所有基本块的平均距离。但是采用这样的衡量标准并不能提升模糊测试的效率，也无法保证测试用例的有效性。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）输入可达性分析：当前在这个方向采取的提升措施主要是深度学习和路径裁剪。使用深度学习的方法即是通过训练一个深度学习模型来提前判断和丢弃那些不可达的输入。使用路径裁剪的方法即是在变量定义语句和分支语句上的检查点上插入断言以确保满足前提条，并终止了永远不会到达目标的分支上的执行。但是这种方法会浪费大量的资源在一些可以到达但是与目标无关的代码测试上。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、问题说明</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">这里对于前文提到的“有关”与“无关”代码用一个简单的例子来进行简要的说明。考虑图1中的这段简单的代码：</span><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003464" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8496732026143791" data-type="png" data-w="612" style="width: 578px;height: 491px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fbd4580d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4oml3G5uo7BHEiav8sFjJycv9l7ARs6GwDmia2vWNvDEL9I1msfoetb3A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 1  一个简单的例子</span></span></strong></p></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在这个例子中，只有第 14-15 行的代码决定了执行是否能到达目标。如果考虑控制流条件，大量可达代码（例如第 2-10行的代码）都可以认为是与到达目标位置无关的，因为无论路径如何，执行总是可以到达第 11 行。此外，即使第 11-13 行的一些代码与目标有间接的控制流依赖（即，它们影响第 14-15 行的条件变量），但对这些代码进行探索并不能带来显著收益，反而会带来额外开销，所以也将其视为与到达目标位置无关的代码。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">尽管如此，我们不能完全排除模糊测试范围中所有与到达目标无关的代码。例如，第 5 行的执行不会影响执行是否能到达目标，但会改变目标中使用的变量（例如x）的值。因此，我们将这些可能会影响漏洞触发的数据相关的代码也视为相关代码。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">具体来说，根据这个例子可以构造出这样一个CFG（控制流图），如图2所示：</span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003465" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.0393700787401574" data-type="png" data-w="381" style="width: 381px;height: 396px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0c3a84c4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4vOmm3J4uiaJ3K4IB4dkAePgySeXpMKmbBNfv9bf5ybGoxEJFgjrnhOw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 2  简单例子的CFG</span></span></strong></p></span></p></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">现有工具的低效主要源于它们在模糊测试过程中探索了大量无关代码</span>，导致生成的输入队列中大部分是无关输入，从而浪费了计算资源。例如，假设程序从一个初始输入种子开始执行，路径为 a→c→e→h。模糊测试工具从种子生成新输入，其中一部分输入探索了相关代码（如代码块f或b），但其余输入仅发现无关代码。这些无关输入不会推动目标代码的触达或漏洞的触发，因为它们在路径的某些点（如 e）与目标偏离，并且不会影响目标代码的关键状态变量（如 x 或 z）现有工具（如 AFLGo 和 Beacon）在分配能量时无法有效区分相关输入和无关输入。例如，AFLGo 工具虽然会根据输入到目标的距离为无关输入分配较少能量，但由于输入队列中无关输入占比高，总能量分配仍然较大。而 Beacon 工具虽然通过仅包含发现可达代码的输入来减少无关输入，但仍会错误优先处理那些探索无关但可达代码的输入。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">总结来说，现有定向模糊测试工具倾向于优先变异无关输入并探索无关代码，从而显著降低了到达目标代码或触发漏洞的效率。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、概述</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf="">为了解决前面提到的定向模糊测试在与目标无关的代码区域中进行测试而浪费资源的问题，并提高测试效率，本文提出来SELECTFUZZ。SELECTFUZZ的架构如图3所示：</span><p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003466" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.40161725067385445" data-type="png" data-w="742" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=562018db&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4LXrxhglOAsicTck7C7zhphQlYQrUj0HicrzbaibTtMEbFJQXzDzuicVkjA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 3 SELECTFUZZ的架构图</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;3 3 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">SELECTFUZZ是基于AFLGo进行改进的fuzzer，它最核心的部分主要是以下两个：</span><div style=""><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">（1）作者重新设计的一套距离衡量测算标准</span><div style=""><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">（2）选择性的路径探索</span><p style=""><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">下面对这两个核心组件进行分析介绍</span></p></div></div></span></p></div></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="5 5 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．距离计算</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">Distance computation</span></strong></span></span></strong></span><span leaf="">）</span></span></strong></span></p><div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">作者开发了一种新的距离度量方法，用于估算从一个基本块到目标代码的多路径到达“概率”。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">一个输入的距离是通过计算其探索路径中所有相关基本块（包括其他函数中的基本块）到目标的过程间块距离得出的。</span>与现有的距离度量方法相比，我们的距离度量方法具有以下优势：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">（1）它通过考虑所有可能的路径，全面评估了从基本块到达目标代码的概率；</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">（2）它通过精确的过程间控制流分析和调用目标分析来测量跨函数距离。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">这种方法使 SELECTFUZZ 能够更好地识别那些更有可能到达目标的输入。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">块间距离（Block Distance）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">本文对于块间距离的具体计算算法如图4所示：</span></p></div><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003467" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="2.046315789473684" data-type="png" data-w="475" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6c311755&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj49RDhwCgDttFJiajD62kfFiaKhicNpT4UbNT7WBWPWvGlbibD7h3sMj3BGg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 4 块间距离的计算算法</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">该算法为基本块设置了三个状态（status）：</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">0：初始化</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">1：正在计算</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">2：完成计算</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">其他的变量含义如下：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">T:目标代码的位置</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">Pb:到达的可能性，展示了从基本块b到达目标T的可能性（cal_prob），然后将这个Pb的倒数作为某个基本块到目标位置的距离（cal_dist）</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">b:基本块</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">dist：所有基本块到T的距离集合</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">Prob：所有基本块到T的概率集合</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">该算法的核心逻辑其实比较简单，其流程主要如下：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）初始化：构建程序的过程间控制流图（ICFG）。初始化所有基本块的状态为 0（未计算状态），并将它们的到达概率 prob[b] 设置为 0。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）遍历基本块：对所有基本块 b，调用 cal_dist(b) 函数，计算每个基本块到目标代码位置的距离，并将结果存储到 dist[b] 中。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（3）计算距离 (cal_dist)：首先调用 cal_prob(b) 函数，计算基本块 b 的到达概率 Pb。如果 Pb 为 0，返回无穷大（表示不可到达目标）。否则，将距离设置为到达概率的倒数，即 1 / Pb。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（4）计算到达概率 (cal_prob)：如果基本块 b 的状态为 2，直接返回已计算的到达概率。如果基本块 b 的状态为 1，说明存在循环依赖，返回无穷大。如果基本块 b 是目标代码，直接将到达概率设置为 1（100%）。如果基本块 b 不是目标代码，递归计算其所有后继块的到达概率，并取平均值作为 b 的到达概率。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">整个算法的核心是这个<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">cal_prob</span>：如果这个基本块b就在目标代码T里，那这个Pb就被设为100%，否则就递归地从这个b的后继块中计算这个可能性，这个Pb就是所有这些后继块可能性的平均值。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在这个算法中，没有考虑条件表达式的复杂性，作者假设条件表达式的每个分支都可以以同样的概率到达。这种简化是必需的，因为真实概率取决于逻辑表达式和相应的输入。对于这个真实概率，可以利用符号执行之类的技术来近似估计，但是由于符号执行也需要输入的实际概率分布来估测这个真实概率，所以作者将这个问题作为未来改进方向。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">另外，在真实的项目中存在大量的循环和递归，这里的处理方式是将循环只进行一次Pb计算。而对于跨函数的距离计算，本文将被call函数（callee）所属的基本块作为调用call所属的基本块的后继，从而可以按照算法中的递归逻辑进行距离计算。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">输入距离（Input Distance）：</span></span></p><div><div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">本文在评估一个输入到目标代码的“距离”时，选择用输入执行过程中最接近目标代码的基本块的距离作为衡量标准，而不是像之前的方法那样，计算所有覆盖基本块的平均距离。这样做的原因是，最短距离更能体现执行离目标代码有多近，更直观地反映了测试进展。</span></p><div style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">一个实例（An Example）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">这里用一个实例来展示图4中的算法是如何计算块间距离的。考虑以下两个函数（图5）以及由它们生成的CFG（图6）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003468" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5771543086172345" data-type="png" data-w="499" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=43f1b280&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4uzHXPrczHF7wRxlaZlXh3m6cjJsVpXX4GvIAY9AA6QiaNszomYjkcqg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5 两个函数</span></span></strong></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003469" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5100463678516228" data-type="png" data-w="647" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e7fa16e1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4wibqQh0qzqNdAjmibiaeEpbtXH5NTdjYbA3n8crknEZtPYnZGTpib2bZzA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></strong></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 6 两个函数的CFG</span></span></strong></b></p><div data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="text-align: justify;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">首先以节点c为例，节点c只有一个后继块e，而这个后继块e就是崩溃所在的基本块所以它到达崩溃位置的概率会被视为1，而根据算法，节点c到达崩溃的概率Pc=(Pe)/1=1。同理可以得到节点d的Pd=1。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">对于节点b，其后继块有两个：分别为c和d，根据上面的计算，Pb=(Pc+Pd)/2=1。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">对于节点a，其有两个后继块，则Pa=(Pb+Pf)/2=0.5，所以d(a,T)=1/Pb=2，这样即可得出图6中所有块的在本算法下得出的距离（红色数字）</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在完成对各个块到目标位置的距离计算后，假设有两个输入S1和S2，它们分别对应：a-&gt;f,g-&gt;j（比如x&gt;10），这样的输入在AFLGo的输入距离测算下（也就是前文提到的迪杰斯特拉算法），dinput(S1, T )=3，dinput(S2, T )=2，所以AFLGo会分配更多的资源给S2进行变异，但是其实通过观察这两个函数对应的CFG可以看出来，要满足S2触发的崩溃的条件是要更多的，所以其实分配更多的资源给S1进行变异是更好的，而在本文的么metric计算方式下：dinput(S1, T ) = dbb(a, T ) = 2，dinput(S2, T ) =dbb(g, T )= 4。根据这个计算结果，SELECTFUZZ就会选择S1分配更多的资源。</span></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．选择性路径探索</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Selective Path Exploration）</span></span></strong></span></p><div data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><div><div style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><div style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;"><div data-pm-slice="0 0 []" style="text-align: justify;"><div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">对于前面提到的如何“消除”与到达目标位置无关的代码并选择性的进行路径探索这个问题，作者给出的解决方法是只对与被测程序中的相关代码进行插桩。下面会分析在SELECTFUZZ中是如何识别相关与无关代码以及其输入优先次序与能量调度机制</span></p><div><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">相关代码识别（Relevant Code Identification）</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">：</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">本文对相关代码的定义主要是两方面，即与目标代码存在控制或数据依赖的代码。这里也就定义了两种相关代码：路径分歧代码（path-divergent）和数据依赖代码（data-dependent）</span></span></p><ol style="list-style-type: decimal;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">路径分歧代码（path-divergent）</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">：是一条可达路径和一条不可达路径的最后一个交汇的块，比如图6中的这个h块就属于是path-divergent code。路径分歧代码会为fuzzer提供正反馈，因为如果某个输入能够到达某个path-divergent code的块，那么说明它与目标之间是可达的（非无限的距离），那么fuzzer就可以通过这些能到达的输入继续进行变异，虽然过程中可能会产生只能到达不相关代码块的输入，但是由于对这些代码块不会进行插桩，所以fuzzer不会去收集这些块的反馈信息，所以fuzzer就不会将这些输入作为有意义的输入继续变异。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">另外，对间接影响path-divergent code的代码也是不插桩的，比如前面图1中的第14、15行代码的判断可能会受13行中省略的某些代码的影响。但是由于它对作为path-divergent code 的是间接影响，所以也不插桩。这些代码在到达path-divergent的过程中就一定会被探索到，但是对这些代码进行插桩不会对fuzz提供什么有用的反馈，只会增加运行时开销。</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.034em;background-color: transparent;"><span leaf="">在图2中，根据文章的定义，基本块b、e、f、g就是所谓的相关代码块，</span></span></p></li><li><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">数据依赖代码（data-dependent）</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">：简单来说，data-dependent code即是那些可以影响目标位置中会用到的关键变量的值的代码。这一部分可能在对于漏洞的触发上有帮助，即某些漏洞有可能只有在某些数据满足特定条件下才会触发，所以关注这一部分代码可以为fuzzer的利用阶段提供帮助，例如在图2中的基本块b与基本块g即是data-dependent code。</span></span></p></li></ol><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">输入优先次序（Input Prioritization）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">SELECTFUZZ 会优先挑选那些能够连接相关代码块的新产生的输入，或者让现有代码路径被触发得更多的输入。简单来说，它更关注对目标代码有帮助的“有用输入”。不过，它并不是每次都能找到这些“有用输入”，比如在遇到很难满足的条件时。如果没有找到这样的输入，SELECTFUZZ就会退而求其次，挑选那些“离目标比较近”的无关输入来继续尝试变异生成测试用例。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">能量调度（Power Scheduling）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">SELECTFUZZ 采用了 AFLGo 中基于模拟退火的能量调度方法，简单来说就是逐渐将更多的能量分配给那些接近目标位置的输入数据。本文在能量调度的策略上没有进行创新，仍然沿用的AFLGo的能量调度策略。</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、具体实现</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">SELECTFUZZ是基于AFLGo改进的一个定向模糊器。它使用2100行C++代码来实现了其功能原型。其中大约1,400行用于距离测量，约700行用于选择性插桩。距离测量和编译时插桩都实现为编译器的优化通道。SELECTFUZZ支持分析使用LLVM字节码的应用程序。下面介绍一些较为重要的细节。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">调用流程图（Call Graph）：</span>SELECTFUZZ通过 Andersen 的点对分析（points-to analysis）推断间接调用中的目标函数。此外，它通过基于参数类型的剪枝和基于地址取用的剪枝优化了不精确的调用图，这些优化可以减少 70% 的调用边数，同时保留正确的调用边。由于当前实现仅支持 C 程序，作者通过支持多态性特性将其扩展到 C++ 程序。通过分析接收者类类型，我们推断方法调用（例如 Obj.func()）的目标函数，并进一步分析多态性，找到正确类中的目标函数。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">过程间数据流分析（Inter-procedural Data-flow Analysis）：</span>使用了backward inter-procedural data-flow analysis。首先识别出目标位置上的关键变量，并找到影响这些变量的代码。为了支持跨过程分析，SELECTFUZZ 会分析每个调用点（call site）的被调用函数（callee function），并识别关键变量依赖的数据的参数/参数变量（arguments/parameters）。接着，它分析被调用函数内的数据流关系，以推断其返回值是否与关键变量存在数据依赖关系。最后，SELECTFUZZ 将被调用函数的返回值传播到正确的调用点，并以上下文敏感的方式进行处理。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">别名分析（Alias Analysis）：</span>SELECTFUZZ的数据流分析结合了保守点对分析（conservative points-to analysis），以处理指针别名问题。由于使用了保守的点对分析，SELECTFUZZ 在识别别名时会出现假阳性，从而也可能导致错误识别数据依赖代码。例如，它可能错误地判断两个指针指向相同的内存位置，并认为它们存在数据依赖。提升点对分析的精度是当前一个的挑战，作者会在后面部分讨论假阳性的问题。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">执行超时（Execution Timeout）：</span>在SELECTFUZZ中，fuzzer对于输入执行的超时设计还是在超过设定的时限后会减少分配给对应输入的资源，但是并不会直接将超时的输入丢弃，因为他们可能虽然超时了，但是仍能探索到新的相关代码。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、实验</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在实验之前，作者提出了5个研究问题，如下：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">· RQ1: SELECTFUZZ 在触发已知漏洞方面的有效性如何？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">· RQ2: SELECTFUZZ 的各个组件对其的性能影响如何？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">· RQ3: 哪些因素影响 SELECTFUZZ 的效率？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">· RQ4: 在标准模糊测试基准中，SELECTFUZZ 的表现如何？</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">· RQ5: SELECTFUZZ 是否能够在实际应用程序中发现新的漏洞？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验1（RQ1）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）实验设置：本文在不同的定向模糊测试器中对每个漏洞使用相同的种子和模糊测试目标。实验与Beacon文献中的实验设置保持一致，进行 5 次实验，每次120小时。所有实验均在 Docker 环境中进行，运行在具有 8 个 CPU 核心（Intel Xeon(R) CPU W-2123 @ 3.60GHz）和 16GB 内存的 64 位 Ubuntu 机器上。</span></p><p><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003470" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3080168776371308" data-type="png" data-w="948" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=039d8c95&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4MbfRdQYWiaCBJCB56RAAkuncugJXicqAn02H1Qf0u4pg3kNs7fzxLuoQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;b&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 7 已知漏洞复现</span></span></strong></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">实验1结果如图7所示，其中BBtotal、BBrec 和 BBrel 分别表示程序中基本块的总数、可达基本块的数量和相关基本块的数量，Beacon†表示作者自己参考Beacon原生的路径修剪实现的一个类Beacon的fuzzer（Beacon未开源），SELECTFUZZ∗表示 SELECTFUZZ 和 Beacon†的集成。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者测量了 SELECTFUZZ 重现崩溃所需的时间（表 I 第九列）。在 18 个案例中，SELECTFUZZ 成功重现了 16 个崩溃，未能在时间限制内重现的两个案例（No. 7 和 No. 18）也未被其他模糊测试工具触发。据Beacon的作者声称Beacon可以触发这两个案例，但结果差异可能是由于种子输入不同导致。出于实验一致性考虑，没有单独使用其他种子。</span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">与 AFLGo 的比较： SELECTFUZZ 成功重现了比 AFLGo 多 7 个崩溃（表 I 第八列）。此外，在成功的案例中，SELECTFUZZ 在 5 个案例中实现了超过 10 倍的加速，最高达到 46.41 倍。这表明其选择性路径探索策略对提升定向模糊测试效率非常有效。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">与 Beacon 的比较：由于无法直接评估 Beacon，因此作者使用了Beacon作者论文中的结果。注意到 Beacon 的 Docker 提供的二进制文件基于 AFL，而非文献中提到的 AFLGo，这可能导致实验结果的不一致。由于 Beacon 的源码未公开，作者只能根据文献报告的结果进行间接比较。</span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在 Beacon 和 SELECTFUZZ 的 10 个共同案例（No. 1-6 和 8-11）中，SELECTFUZZ 在 4 个案例中表现更好。尽管 SELECTFUZZ 没有使用路径剪枝，但其更少的插桩开销和更精准的路径探索使其在部分案例中效率更高（如 No. 3 和 No. 4）。然而，Beacon 在某些案例中表现更优，因为它有效剪枝了更多无法到达目标的路径。</span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">为了进一步评估路径探索和剪枝的结合效果，作者实现了 Beacon 的一个简单原型（称为 Beacon†），并将 SELECTFUZZ 集成到其中（称为 SELECTFUZZ∗）。实验结果表明，SELECTFUZZ∗ 在所有案例中都优于 Beacon†，平均加速达到 5.23 倍。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">此外，在与 Beacon 的直接对比中（使用相同种子），SELECTFUZZ∗ 在 6 个案例中表现更好，并在其余 4 个案例中通过改进路径剪枝进一步提升效率。这表明，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选择性路径探索和路径剪枝策略是互补的，结合使用能够显著提高模糊测试效率</span>。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验2（RQ2）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">这个部分作者进行了消融实验，实验结果如图8所示。</span></p><p><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003471" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2945823927765237" data-type="png" data-w="886" style="width:578px;height:170px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e1331def&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj4B3X0FHQDfRrdJukgI7O0E0Npmto4mVYolsicibevZ1Ho0B5eJpGYqGvg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;b&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 8 消融实验</span></span></strong></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者通过消融实验评估了 SELECTFUZZ 的两个核心改进：距离度量和选择性路径探索。在实验中，作者将 AFLGo 的距离度量替换为 SELECTFUZZ 的距离度量（称为 AFLGo+Distance Metric），以及仅插桩相关代码但仍使用 AFLGo 距离度量（称为 AFLGo+Selective Path Exploration），以分别测试这两个组件的独立的作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">实验结果显示，SELECTFUZZ 的距离度量使 AFLGo 的效率平均提升了 39%，尤其在处理复杂调用（如间接调用）时效果显著。这主要是因为 AFLGo 在分析这些场景时缺乏精确的跨过程支持，导致错误判断，而 SELECTFUZZ 的距离度量能够准确解析函数调用，避免了错误。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">选择性路径探索对模糊测试效率的提升更加显著，使 AFLGo 平均加速 6.68 倍，有效减少了无关代码的探索开销。进一步结合两者，SELECTFUZZ 在大多数案例中优于单独的选择性路径探索，展现了两者结合的重要性。结果表明，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SELECTFUZZ 不仅能够选择更优的输入以快速到达目标代码，还能够显著提高模糊测试效率</span>，验证了其在定向模糊测试中的卓越性能。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验3（RQ3）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">这一部分作者根据前面的实验数据得出了以下几个结论：</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">插桩开销</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">插桩通常会引入运行时开销，从而降低模糊测试效率。SELECTFUZZ 通过仅对相关的基本块插桩，显著降低了这种开销。实验显示，在实际程序中，SELECTFUZZ将插桩范围限制为总基本块的 1.96% 或可达基本块的 12.33%。与 AFLGo 对每个基本块都插桩不同，SELECTFUZZ 的插桩对运行时几乎没有影响，而 AFLGo 插桩会使程序运行速度降低 57%。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">探索相关代码的效率</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">SELECTFUZZ 的有效性与触发的无关代码比例密切相关。大部分现有定向模糊测试工具在探索过程中触发了大量无关代码，而 SELECTFUZZ 能有效排除这些代码。例如，在 No. 16 测试案例中，种子文件是一个 55KB 的大型 PDF 文件，触发了许多无关基本块。AFLGo 无法在 120 小时内触发崩溃，而 SELECTFUZZ 将模糊范围缩小到相关基本块（不到程序总基本块的 0.01%），仅用约 5 小时就成功触发了崩溃。此外，通过优化种子文件并保留触发关键代码的必要结构，SELECTFUZZ 进一步将崩溃触发时间缩短至 4.3 小时，而 AFLGo 则需 71.3 小时。这表明高质量的种子输入能显著提升模糊测试效率。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">路径约束的复杂性</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">路径到目标代码的约束复杂性也会显著影响 SELECTFUZZ 的效率。当路径约束过于复杂时，大量输入可能无法满足约束，从而触发无关代码。例如，在测试 objdump 的 No. 14 案例中，AFLGo 难以生成满足复杂路径约束的输入，导致其反馈驱动生成更多无关输入，从而浪费资源。相比之下，SELECTFUZZ 能高效识别出有助于解决路径约束的输入，并优先对其进行变异，而立即丢弃其他无关输入，从而显著提高模糊测试效率。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验4（RQ4）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本实验使用Google Fuzzer Test Suite (GFTS)进行标准化测试，实验结果如图9所示：</span></p><p><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003472" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3076923076923077" data-type="png" data-w="884" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b1aa520f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj46HtYveeaEWIIzKolicfjdV5IUFzLOEWsa5GNZAich7hMNylrxZsXibrBg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;b&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 9 标准化测试</span></span></strong></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">总体上，SELECTFUZZ 在 8 个案例中表现最佳，Beacon 和 Parmesan 各在 4 个案例中表现出色，而AFLChurn 仅在 1 个案例中占优。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在某些复杂案例中，SELECTFUZZ 展现了明显的优势。例如，SELECTFUZZ 在 libarchive 案例中仅耗时约 8 小时（为最短 TTE）就触发了指定崩溃，而其他工具（如 AFLGo、Beacon 和 AFLChurn）在 24 小时内均未能成功触发。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验5（RQ5）：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者使用SELECTFUZZ来检测新的漏洞。其检测结果如图10所示。</span></p><p><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003473" data-ratio="0.52443857331572" data-w="757" data-type="png" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3a674bb0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqVzxoZRMk5iaarnb3icYdbj48ADKFZazBgPC8lMY5OOurfFEGCUqz84lfXBO3sgAeyaeAiapgnlwyqw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;b&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 10 漏洞检测</span></span></strong></b></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在 72 小时的时间预算内，SELECTFUZZ 共检测出 14 个新漏洞。这些漏洞包括多种类型，如堆溢出、段错误、内存泄漏等。此外，SELECTFUZZ 还在复杂软件（如 poppler 和 libjpeg）中发现了新漏洞。截至本文撰写时，已有 11 个漏洞被修复，其中 6 个漏洞被分配了新的 CVE ID。</span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;" data-pm-slice="8 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">七、讨论和展望</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在文中，作者提出了对其开发的SELECTFUZZ总结了以下几点仍需改进的地方并提出了自己的改进设想：</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;margin-top: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）SELECTFUZZ 在识别相关代码时可能高估范围，因为调用关系的近似处理、保守的数据流分析以及对目标代码中所有变量都视为关键变量的假设可能导致误判，例如仅数组和索引才是触发数组越界漏洞的关键变量。尽管现有设计已显著减少了探索范围，但更先进的静态分析技术（如结构敏感的指针分析）可以进一步优化。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px;margin-top: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）SELECTFUZZ 依赖随机变异生成输入，在解决复杂路径约束时效果有限，这也是导致部分崩溃无法触发的原因之一。未来可以结合污点跟踪、符号执行或结构感知变异等技术提升其能力。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（3）同时，SELECTFUZZ 目前会探索所有可达路径，但其中并非所有路径都存在并可以触发漏洞，这可能导致在触发漏洞时消耗额外时间。为解决这一问题，可通过引入更多漏洞相关信息（如崩溃转储）来优化目标路径的选择。</span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;" data-pm-slice="8 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">八、总结</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本文提出了SELECTFUZZ，这是一种创新的定向模糊测试工具，通过<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">选择性地探索相关程序路径</span>，提升崩溃复现和漏洞检测的效率。SELECTFUZZ专注于识别并插桩与触发指定漏洞相关的代码，同时<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">引入了一种新颖的距离度量方法</span>，用于精准评估路径和输入的到达概率。评估结果显示，SELECTFUZZ相比AFLGo实现了最高46.41倍的速度提升，并在Google Fuzzer测试套件中的8个崩溃复现任务中表现最佳。此外，SELECTFUZZ能够与路径修剪等现有技术互为补充，进一步增强其实用性。通过SELECTFUZZ，作者发现并报告了14个真实程序中的新漏洞，其中已有11个被官方修复。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" 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      <pubDate>Wed, 11 Jun 2025 14:15:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>Towards Generic DBMS Fuzzing：面向通用数据库的模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487110&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=c01835f0d73bacfec6660f8fad0a5975</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-06-03 15:03</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-imgfileid="100002145" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" width="677px" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><div style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Towards Generic Database Management System Fuzzing</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Yupeng Yang ,Yongheng Chen, Rui Zhong, Jizhou Chen and Wenke Lee;</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span><span leaf="" style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/usenixsecurity24-yang-yupeng.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.usenix.org/system/files/usenixsecurity24-yang-yupeng.pdf</a></span></span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">33rd USENIX Security Symposium</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">https:// github.com/OMH4ck/BuzzBee.</span></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div></div><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></p></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言及研究动机</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">在现代网络空间中，数据库管理系统（DBMSs）至关重要，其涵盖</span><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">关系型（SQL）和非关系型（NoSQL）数据库</span><span leaf="">，以满足多样化应用需求。关系型 DBMSs 已被广泛研究和应用数十年，而非关系型 DBMSs 因在处理大规模非结构化数据方面的灵活性和性能优势，近年来也得到广泛采用。鉴于这些系统的普遍性和关键性，强化其安全性与稳健性势在必行。</span><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">模糊测试（Fuzzing）作为一种自动化软件测试方法，在</span><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">发现 DBMSs 缺陷方面颇具成效</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">。然而，针对非关系型 DBMSs 的模糊测试工作相对薄弱。尽管关系型 DBMSs 的模糊测试框架和研究成果丰硕，但非关系型 DBMSs 尚未得到同等程度的审视，现有通用模糊测试框架应用于非关系型 DBMSs 时效果不佳，缺乏能同时有效测试关系型和非关系型 DBMSs 的解决方案。</span></p><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">面对非关系型数据库目前没有一个通用的模糊测试框架。本文深刻分析了对于非关系型数据库使用模糊测试存在的是哪个复杂挑战。</span></p><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">(1)非关系型数据库接口多样性致使</span><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">难以构建通用框架</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">，在保障测试用例质量的同时兼顾对不同接口的适应性。</span></p><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">(2)非关系型数据库对语义的依赖方式多样，且语义随上下文变化明显。针对不同的非关系型数据库，</span><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">对生成的中间表示（IR）进行语义约束十分困难</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">。</span></p><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">(3)随机变异易产生</span><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">松散数据依赖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">，触发低效测试行为，而数据依赖在有效模糊测试中起着关键作用。</span></p><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">为应对上述挑战，构建针对通过非关系型数据库的专用模糊测试工具，本文</span><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">提出语义抽象、上下文敏感约束解析和依赖引导变异三项解决方案</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">，并将其整合到端到端模糊测试框架</span><span leaf="" style="visibility: visible;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">BuzzBee</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">中。</span></p><p style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;">该框架能够有效测试多种类型的 DBMSs，在八个不同数据模型的 DBMSs 中成功发现 40 个漏洞，其中 25 个已修复且 4 个被分配新的 CVE 编号。在评估中，BuzzBee 在代码覆盖率方面相比现有最佳通用模糊器提升高达 177%，在非关系型 DBMSs 测试中发现的漏洞数量比次优模糊器多 30 倍。在关系型 DBMSs 测试中也能取得与专业 SQL 模糊器相当的结果。</span></p></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">二、概述</span></span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003450" data-ratio="0.4051490514905149" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="738" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8734d32f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpxprP19tcAw0ibfMvhxauaLlR0nF02sGJiaickQyPcdfic32qSUDGa3Au3Ag%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  </span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">BuzzBee流程图</span></span></strong></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">工具整体的测试流程如图1所示。用户输入的文件包括</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">Corpus</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">Input-Specs</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">两个部分。然后工具根据Input-Specs中的g4语法文件和初始种子用例使用 ANTLR4 语法对输入的测试用例进行解析，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">基于语法规则构建抽象语法树（AST）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。同时，利用注释文件中的信息对AST 节点进行标注。注释文件通过语法标签将语法规则中的元素与语义信息相关联，用户可以为不同的语法结构指定如</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">定义（Define）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">、</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">使用（Use）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">、</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">失效（Invalidate）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">等基本语义操作以及</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">相关的约束信息</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（如数据类型等）。这些标注信息为后续生成中间表示（IR）提供了语义基础。然后生成语法结构完整的IR，并放入工具设计的注释系统（Annotation system）中，在注释系统中，工具根据用户提供的Input-Specs的语义json文件和工具设计的</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">上下文查询语言（CQL）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">或</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">用户自定义的操作（Custom Resolver）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">对IR实现紧凑的语义数据依赖。根据引导性变异器实现完全保证语法正确并尽量保证语义正确（在先前数据库模糊测试工具SQUIRREL中已经解释实现完全语义正确是np问题）的测试用例。然后</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">语义检查系统对测试用进行最后的语义检</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">查</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">有语</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">义错误的尽量修改，否则丢弃</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。最后通过整个流程的IR会被放入模糊测试器进行测试。然后根据feedback对初始种子进行更新，同时对引导变异器的原则进行自适应调整。接下来是对每个部件的详细介绍。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．输入文件</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">如图2，以对redis键值对数据库为例，示例选取了仅仅包括HSET和HINCRBY两个key的初始种子用例。初始种子用例都是语法语义正确的可被数据库接受的输入。这些初始的测试用例都有用户提供。后续经过每轮模糊测试都都会自动更新。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf="" data-pm-slice="1 4 []"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003451" data-ratio="0.6751117734724292" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="671" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f1c3724d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpxK4WNCmESFl5iaZlJv7tNX8D9f7VemenvNlTpp91ADHsmLIgZp0WDftQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 2 初始种子图例</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">图3所示的是语法语义的约束文件。左边的是语法约束文件。其中示例定义了HSET的语法规则，并以HSET语法为例做一下详细解释。HSET0定义了顶层规则，表示整个HSET命令的结构。它由HSET1（命令名），HSET3（哈希键），HSET4（字段），HSET5（值）以及HSET6（可能包含多个字段和字段值的组合）组成。其中可以看到在HSET3和HSET4与HSET8后的元素字段后加上了#HSETRule1和#HSETfield1等这样的字段。这是工具需要的语法标签（grammar tag)。这是标记这个语法点的记号，方便用户后续在使用注释系统时对这个记号点的值进行语义的定义。具体的语义注释系统将会在后续章节介绍。这样的语法规则是基于现有工具ANTLR4的定义规则要求的，现有很多开源的常用数据库的这种g4语法规则文件，用户只需按照需求下载后对所需的语义点打上grammar tag并为其写上语义文件即可。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">图3右图所展示的是语义语法规则。如语法规则中的HSET3，HSET4和HSET8中分别打了一个grammar tag，其作用是给用户自定义该键值位置语义规则。语义规则由用户使用json文件自定义。包括三个内容action，args和ast_context。其具体含义会在后续内容（构建中间表示和注释系统）中详细介绍。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003452" data-ratio="0.5024154589371981" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="828" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=29df8516&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpxbf5lbEKwDmlTnU1fCKBuTLRFMiaC2g899RAicul8FxUYbHQYnAm4fpiaA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 3 语法语义约束文件</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">2．构建中间表示</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">构建中间表示IR首先根据用户提供的g4语法文件使用 ANTLR4 语法对输入的测试用例进行解析，基于语法规则构建抽象语法树（AST）。同时，利用注释文件中的信息对 AST 节点进行标注。注释文件通过语法标签将语法规则中的元素与语义信息相关联，用户可以为不同的语法结构指定如定义（Define）、使用（Use）、失效（Invalidate）等基本语义操作以及相关的约束信息（如数据类型等）。这些标注信息为后续生成 IR 提供了语义基础。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">定义（Define）：表示数据创建。例如，在图 4c 中，第一个 Redis 命令 HSET 定义了类型为 HSET key 的数据 k1 以及类型为 HSET field of k1 的 k1_field1。类似地，在图 1a 中，PostgreSQL 查询 CREATE TABLE 定义了两个数据：类型为 table 的 t1 和类型为 col_of_t1（表示 t1 的列）的 c1。需要注意的是，这些数据可能存在从属关系，例如 k1_field1 从属于 k1，意味着没有 k1 就不存在 k1_field1。同样，t1 和 c1 也存在这种关系。这种关系可以通过本文的上下文查询语言（CQL）和自定义解析器进行建模，稍后将详细介绍。其基本思想是在数据类型中包含具体的符号名称，例如 k1_field 的类型为 HSET field of k1，其中包含了具体符号名称 k1，表示 k1_field 与 k1 相关联。这时就很容易理解图3右图部分语义规则约束的action的用意了。HSET在redis数据库中是创建命令，所以action为定义。同理对于SQL关系型数据库，键值create也是定义操作，action也会赋值为define。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003453" data-ratio="1.0850111856823266" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="447" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=35a4219d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpx055k4FOc4m5Bgia6TCnnLXibeS8ddvOwPdic61NgAlGHx25hIicdqkDmfw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 4 不同类别数据库执行语句示例图</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">使用（Use）：表示对已定义数据的访问和更新操作。例如，图4c 中第 4 行和第 8 行的 HINCRBY 命令使用了由两个 HSET 命令定义的数据 k1、k1_field1、k2 和 k2_field1。使用未定义的数据被视为语义错误。同样，对于redis数据库，HINCRBY命令是对于已经定义的key进行值的加减操作，故其语义action应该设置为use，对于SQL类数据库，例如select语句，其语义aciton也就是use。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003454" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6061381074168798" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="782" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ea1503b8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpxvRBsFM5y8YJ3PsuicVaHAwNSI9LgRibX1sAQMNLjcEGPThfIdhVib6gpg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5 IR示例图</span></span></strong></p></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">失效（Invalidate）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：表示对已定义数据的删除操作。一旦数据被失效，就不能再次使用。需要注意的是，数据删除应遵循从属关系。例如，在图 4c 中，如果取消注释第 7 行的 DEL 命令，它将删除 k2。由于</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">k2_field1 与 k2 存在从属关系，k2_field1 也应被删除</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。同样，在图4a 中，如果删除表 t1，其列 c1 也应被删除。在执行失效操作后，对已失效数据的任何使用都将被视为语义错误。因此，如果取消注释图 1c 中第 7 行的 DEL 命令，第 8 行将会产生两个语义错误，因为 k2 和 k2_field1 都已被失效。同理对于SQL类数据库，例如delete语句，其语义action也应该定义为Invalidate。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">3．注释系统</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">如图6所示，这是一个简单是初始种子和语法语义文件。其中在语法文件中grammar tag以①形式简化。对于③我们可以看到这是HSET操作的key，所以type就是HSET-key。而对于④，是key值得一个具体的field。他的type定义是</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">HSET numeric field of {.lsib(1)@text}</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">。这个表达式的意义需要结合文章提出的</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">CQL上下文查询语言</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">来理解。例如对于图6中的左图第5行HINCRBY语句，假设已经构建好的IR如图5中的抽象IR，最下面一行表示的是这个语句在抽象语法树中的形式。.</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">lsib(1)是指查找该节点的第一个左兄弟节点</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">。是作为导航器。此时就找到了key节点，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">然后@text表示读取该节点的内容，即读取到了k1</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">。如此原理根据CQL语言解析后，k1_field1的type定义就是HSET numeric field of k1。这是一种简单有效的标记语义的方式。但同时作者也注意到，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">使用这种简单的硬编码方式对于一些复杂的语义场景是不具有兼容性的</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">。</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">于是作者同时设计了一个用户自定义操作</span><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">。需要用户自己用C语言实现。例如②，type中的是hset_field_type_resolver。这是一个用户用C语言自定义的操作，其具体操作是首先导航到field的.rlib(1)，读取value的值。如果value的值是数字类型则返回HSET numeric field of {.lsib(1)@text}，否则返回HSET field of {.lsib(1)@text}。根据上文描述，我们已经知道{.lsib(1)@text}表示读取左边第一个节点的值。接下来看图6中的第一行和第二行代码。HSET kl k1_field1 “Hello”，对于k1_field1，读取value值，及Hello，非数字，返回，HSET field of {.lsib(1)@text}。所以k1_field1的type是HSET field of k1。同理可得k2_field1的type是HSET numeric field of k2。后续的引导性变异过程中进行节点替换时，如果将k1_field1和k2_field1相互替换将导致语义错误，因为二者的类型不一样。这样做的意义是在避免这类语义错误。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">在每次模糊测试的迭代过程中，PromptFuzz 会探索种子库并更新这些种子程序的质量。利用库 API 的能量反馈和种子质量，PromptFuzz 应用算法1来选择在下一次迭代中使用的新API组合。如果当前迭代中的种子程序不足，PromptFuzz 进入预热阶段（算法1的第3-7行），随机选择高能量API函数以探索之前未发现的库使用。在变异阶段（算法1的第9-23行），PromptFuzz 使用种子程序关键路径上的API调用序列作为变异的枢纽，丢弃那些不与其他API调用交互的调用。将变异集中在枢纽上，使PromptFuzz能够探索复杂的API使用。最后，PromptFuzz 使用新的API组合构建下一次程序生成的提示。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003455" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6778711484593838" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="714" style="width:416px;height:282px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=97501c3c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpx3oNYnNHlhYjqTcnhkiaZpakwvO8mkJ6ib9qsJupdIBk7qrGumfa2AibCA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 6 语义解析示例图</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">4．引导性变异器</span></span></strong><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">引导性变异器也是这篇文章的一个重要设计组件之一。其目的是通过变异测试用例来探索DBMS 的更多行为并发现潜在漏洞，遵循依赖引导变异原则，以数据依赖为指导优先选择能形成新数据依赖的变异操作，同时保持语法正确性。由于在变异之前已经实现了构建语法正确的抽象语法树（AST），在变异过程中为了保证测试用例的语法语义正确，作者主要使用三种变异手段，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">包括节点替换、插入和删除</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">具体实现过程中首先需要从输入与信息获取，从语义分析器获取提升后的 IR 程序作为输入，获取其中的符号和作用域信息等。接下来从三种变异操作中选取来对测试用例进行变异。</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">节点替换是指优先选择与当前节点已定义且未失效的符号相关的节点进行替换</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">，这些符号能与测试用例中的现有符号形成依赖关系，触发更深层次的程序状态。比如在处理数据库操作命令时，若要替换某个节点，会从 IR 池中选择包含相关使用或失效操作的节点。</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">节点插入</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">遵循与节点替换类似的逻辑，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">找到合适的节点进行插入以形成新的数据依赖</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">节点删除</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">就是随机选择一些语句的关键字进行删除，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">当然，为了保证语义的正确性，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">有相关依赖的语句也要同时删除</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。还是以redis数据库为例。对于节点的替换，以初始命令HSET k1 k1_field1 1为例，可能的变异操作包括将HSET节点替换为HINCRBY节点，利用之前创建的数据形成新的数据依赖，触发增加数据的操作；同样对于节点的插入，还是假设现在有HSET k1 k1_field1 1，接下来需要再插入一条命令，由于有语义约束，且工具希望生成的测试用例有紧密的数据依赖，工具希望插入的语句和这个hest定义语句有语义依赖，就只能从Use和Invalidate两个操作中选取一个来对k1进行操作。例如可从IR池中选择的操作包括HINRBY或DEL。至于具体工具会选择哪个操作，会在后续权重分配部分详细介绍。对于节点删除部分，作者目前并未提出一些有指导性的删除策略，就是对一些节点进行随机删除，如果破坏了语义信息，后续会有语义检查和语义修复组件，当然删除也需要根据语义依赖进行删除。例如语句HSET k1 k1_field1 value1 k1_field2 value2，假设此时变异器决定对k1_field2节点进行删除，由于value2也是语义依赖k1_field2的，所以value2也将同时被删除。即节点删除后的语句变成HSET k1 k1_field1 value1。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">上述介绍的是具体的变异操作，而具体的的变异选择工具</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">遵循行为覆盖优化原则</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。其原理是根据候选节点是否已存在于测试用例中对其进行优先级排序，为语义动作分配权重，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">出现次数越多的动作权重越低</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。这就会指导之前在节点插入部分提到的具体插入哪个语句关键词的问题。例如在图6左上部分第一块，现在要在第4行选择插入的语句。假设HINCRBY和DEL是唯二的选择，而根据行为覆盖优化原则，HINCRBY由于在第5行已经出现，其权重变低，所以工具会选择DEL进行插入（尽管插入后或导致第5行的HINCRBY对一个有已经失效的key进行操作而导致语义错误。这个语义错误会在后续被检查并修复）。这个原则的最终目的是使变异测试用例中不同动作的数量均匀分布，以覆盖更多行为。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">总体来说，对于一般的数据库操作，如创建、读取、更新和删除数据的操作序列，变异器会依据数据依赖关系进行优化。若已存在创建数据的操作，会倾向于插入读取或更新该数据的操作，而不是再次创建相同的数据，以更有效地探索数据库行为并发现潜在问题。</span></span></p><p><strong><span leaf="" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">5．语义检查系统</span></span></strong><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">语义分析器</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">是根据用户指定的约束来检查抽象语义模型中语义正确性的组件，它通过执行模拟来实现这一目标，该模拟过程包括</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">依赖分析</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">和</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">执行模拟</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">两个阶段。在依赖分析阶段，语义分析器会遍历 IR 程序中的每一个操作，收集每个操作所依赖的上下文，并构建依赖图，然后进行拓扑排序以确定 IR 节点的执行顺序。</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">在执行模拟阶段</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">，语义分析器会按照确定的顺序执行语义操作，对于“定义” 操作，会在当前作用域中定义符号，对于 “使用” 操作，会在作用域树中查找匹配的符号并使用，对于 “失效” 操作，除了执行与 “使用” 操作相同的过程外，还会使符号失效。在这个过程中，语义分析器会评估操作参数中使用的 CQL 查询，并调用自定义解析器来解决特定的值。同时，</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">符号的重新定义、在定义之前使用或在失效之后使用等情况都会被视为语义错误</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">，操作所依赖的上下文包含语义错误时，该操作也会被设置为语义错误。例如，HSET k1 k1_filed1 value1/HMSET k1 k1_filed1 value1。这就是多次定义语义错误。而定义前使用和失效后使用都是例如当前k1值是未定义状态或者已经失效状态后再执行类似于HINCRBY k1 k1_filed1 value1这样类似的Use类的操作。这些都将被视为语义错误来进行处理。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">语义分析器会维护符号表和作用域树来跟踪成功执行的操作</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">，并返回所有的符号和作用域信息以及语义错误作为分析结果。最后，语义验证器会在BuzzBee 将测试用例发送到模糊测试器之前，先放入到DBMS系统进行模拟执行，检测语义错误并尝试修复测试用例中的语义错误，例如对于在定义</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">之前使用或在失效之后使用的错误，会寻找其他可用数据来使用，对于重新定义的错误，会尝试用未定义的名称来定义数据，当无法修复错误时，BuzzBee 会放弃这个测试用例。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">对于上述提到的整个语义分析，模拟执行和错误纠正流程举一个例子。例如，对于 HSET k1 k1_field1 &#34;Hello&#34; 命令，在语义分析时，首先确定这是一个定义操作（Define），定义了键 k1 及其字段 k1_field1 的值为 &#34;Hello&#34;。此时会检查是否符合定义操作的语义规则，比如键和字段的命名是否合法等。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">接着HINCRBY k1 k1_field1 1 命令，这是一个使用（Use）并更新操作，它依赖于前面 HSET 定义的 k1 和 k1_field1。语义分析会检查是否存在对未定义符号的使用，以及操作类型是否与定义的符号类型兼容。在这个例子中，如果 k1_field1 之前被定义为非数值类型（如这里的字符串 &#34;Hello&#34;），那么按照语义规则，HINCRBY 操作在此处就是语义错误的，因为它不能对非数值类型进行自增操作。</span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">这是检测到了这个执行例子存在一个语义错误，语义验证器就会去尝试修改。根据上述提到的修改思路，语义验证器在IR池中找到了例如 HSET k1 k1_field2 1这个语句后，就会用k1_field2去替换之前导致语义出错的k1_field1。这样执行语句将会变为 HINCRBY k1 k1_field2 1。此时满足语义语法规则。当然这只是一个简单的示例，具体现实测试中遇到复杂的情况，语义验证器无法修复的话这个测试用例将会被丢弃。</span></span></p><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="">三、实验</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．实验设计</span></span></strong></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">硬件环境</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在一台运行Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS 操作系统的机器上进行所有评估，该机器配备两颗AMD EPYC 7452 32 核处理器以及1,024GB RAM。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">目标选择</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：针对三种主流的非关系型数据库（键值、图、文档数据库）和关系型数据库（SQL 数据库）进行评估。具体选取了键值类的redis 和KeyDB、图类的RedisGraph 和AgensGraph、文档类的MongoDB 和ArangoDB、关系型的PostgreSQL 和MySQL。选择依据是其流行程度，并且选择C/C++ 目标是因为当前的模糊测试运行时（AFL++）对其支持最佳。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">漏洞挖掘评估</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在所选目标的最新发布版本或开发分支上对BuzzBee 进行评估。对 redis、ArangoDB、RedisGraph 和 PostgreSQL 四个目标进行了关于代码覆盖率和漏洞检测能力的综合评估，原因是它们具有较高的模糊测试稳定性且涵盖了所评估的所有四类数据库。同时，将 BuzzBee 与六个先进的模糊测试框架进行比较，包括通用模糊器 AFL++、REDQUEEN、POLYGLOT、Grammarinator 以及专门的 SQL 模糊器 SQUIRREL 和 SQLANCER。在评估过程中，为所有模糊器提供相同的输入（如果需要），并将计算能力限制为一个 CPU 核心。对于漏洞检测评估，将数据库回滚到所有漏洞未修复的版本，每个实验运行24 小时，重复五次，并报告平均结果。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．实验结果</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003456" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.41637010676156583" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="843" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0c3d0b83&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpxN78IQvdj5h6jv9d5jMicKQI6Ox5hT0YibOttPNs5bMW1ciaqibo4SqMwcg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 7 对比试验及消融实验结果</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">项目让每个模糊器运行24 小时并重复五次，报告在此期间它发现的漏洞。图7的左边表格中Property列 “Data” 表示该漏洞需要正确的数据依赖关系才能触发。“Sem” 表示该漏洞不需要数据依赖关系来触发，但触发的测试用例在语义上是正确的。“Syn” 表示该漏洞在语义上不正确但在语法上是正确的。“⊖” 表示该模糊器不支持此数据库管理系统。作者设计的消融实验部分BuzzBee代表功能完善的工具，BuzzBee！g表示没有引导性变异的部分，BuzzBee！gc表示没有引导性变异和上下文敏感约束部分，BuzzBee！gcs表示没有引导性变异，上下文敏感约束部分同时也没有语义抽象部分。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">首先看消融实验部分，可以看出，完整的工具找到了最多的bug，而失去引导性变异的工具对于很多data类型的漏洞，及需要强烈数据依赖的漏洞，显得力不从心，但是对于只需要语义正确的sem类型的漏洞还是能够找到。而BuzzBee！gcs工具几乎就不能找到任何类型的漏洞了。但是BuzzBee！gcs 工具找到了一个其他任何消融工具都没有找到的漏洞，对于这个问题作者解释道这个漏洞其实是不符合语义规范的，及不在最开始输入的语义规范定义的json文件里，所以其他的有语义抽象模块的BuzzBee都不能生成这个测试用例。这个漏洞会在后文的bug分析中提到。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">接下来看现有工具对比实验测试结果。可以看到对于非关系型数据库，进行测试的AFL++、REDQUEEN、POLYGLOT、Grammarinator 等工具几乎没有找到漏洞，同样对于关系型数据库，专门的 SQL 模糊器SQUIRREL 和 SQLANCER也没有找到漏洞。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">然后对比工具的覆盖率，如图7右图，对于非关系性数据库，BuzzBee的覆盖率明显高于通用模糊测试器，而对于关系性数据库，BuzzBee的效果也能几乎达到SQL数据库专用模糊测试器的覆盖率。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．PromptFuzz组件的有效性Bug分析</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003040" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6171213546566322" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1063" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5bb9111a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKcpZ4RDduaicpBJ3eFmRpS7RzyicriaPdRsWm6kibu8fXz7D0zBhLn4wx6Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 8 bug示例</span></span></strong></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者在文章中列举出了BuzzBee工具在现实数据库中找到的三个漏洞。接下来看每个漏洞的具体分析。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">案例 A</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">：RedisGraph 中的断言失败漏洞</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">漏洞详情：在 RedisGraph 中，执行GRAPH.QUERY g &#34;WITH 1 AS x MATCH (m),(n) WITH * ORDER BY m \SKIP 0 LIMIT 90 WHERE m = 0 RETURN 0&#34; 查询时，服务器（v2.10.8）会触发运行时断言失败，导致崩溃。此漏洞源于处理星型投影（“WITH *” 部分）的函数。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">触发条件：触发该漏洞需要满足正确的数据依赖关系。例如，若将查询中的ORDER by m 里的变量 m 更改为未定义变量（如 v0），服务器会返回 “(error) v0 not defined” 且不会崩溃。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">发现过程：BuzzBee 通过其注释系统识别出定义的变量 m 和 n，并维护了正确的数据依赖关系，从而成功发现此漏洞。这体现了 BuzzBee 在处理复杂查询和确保数据依赖正确方面的能力，能够有效发现因数据依赖问题导致的漏洞。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">案例 B：Redis 中的整数溢出漏洞</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">漏洞详情：对于测试用例，HMSET k1 k1_field1 1创建了一个哈希集 k1 并存储了一个字段 / 值对，HRANDFIELD k1 -9223372036854770000 with values 命令在处理该特制命令时，HRANDFIELD 命令的处理逻辑存在整数溢出漏洞，导致redis服务器崩溃。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">背景与难点：尽管该测试用例结构看似简单，但由于redis中存在大量非依赖关联操作，追溯相关代码后发现此漏洞已在代码库中隐藏至少三年，这使得发现该漏洞变得非常困难。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">解决方法与发现过程：BuzzBee 利用依赖引导突变来解决此问题。当测试用例中存在 HMSET 命令时，它会主动搜索能够形成新数据依赖关系的操作。通过这种方式，BuzzBee 成功发现了这个隐藏已久的漏洞，展示了其在处理非依赖关联操作较多的数据库时，挖掘深层次漏洞的能力。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">案例 C：Redis 中的断言失败漏洞（使用后失效数据依赖）</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">漏洞详情：测试用例首先创建一个名为set1 的哈希集并调用 EXPIRE 使其失效，接着 HINCRBYFLOAT set1 k -inf with values 命令在处理过期符号时错误地实现了错误处理程序，使数据库管理系统处于脆弱状态，最后 HRANDFIELD set1 -3 WITHVALUES 命令可导致服务器崩溃。这个漏洞我们可以看出，他先使得这个set1失效，然后又对这个set1进行了Use类的操作。这很明显是一个语义错误的操作语句，这违反了数据依赖规则。这个漏洞也就是BuzzBee！gcs找到并触发的。因为根据语义约束，其他工具不会产生这种语义错误的测试用例。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">触发条件：此漏洞需要一种特殊的“失效后使用” 数据依赖关系来触发。</span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">发现过程：为了使用BuzzBee工具复现此漏洞，研究人员手动修改了 EXPIRE 命令的注释从 “Invalidate”（失效）到 “Use”（使用）来测试数据库管理系统对无效化数据的处理情况。基于此发现，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">未来计划在BuzzBee 中引入新的模式，自动修改某些注释以发现类似部分违反数据依赖规则的漏洞，进一步提升其漏洞发现能力。</span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">4．CVE列表</span></span></span></p><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="letter-spacing: normal;">图9给出了BuzzBee工具找到的漏洞列表，其中包含了包括redis, KeyDB, RedisGraph, AgenmsGraph, MongoDB, ArangDB, PostgreSQL和</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="letter-spacing: normal;">MySQL等8个数据库的40余个漏洞。在图9中的status栏目，* 表示 BuzzBee 在最新的数据库管理系统（DBMS）中发现了该漏洞，作者报告此漏洞时供应商已经知晓。†表示该漏洞是已知的，但不在最新的 DBMS 中。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003457" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="2.032258064516129" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="434" style="width:435px;height:882px;" type="block" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpxA59aKscSB3IHIMjC99zwUvDHMibWN2vbUvUQU56lrQWbDVS2tW1PAAA/0?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="434.9999999999999" data-cropy2="882" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=95964006&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRlpZvYYwqdbBdBI0oA0oHvpxjypVT6IuARpCJQ1RfeC4RvvJv5BP72tTrpXO5hqz41f82aHiaIn929Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p><div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 9 CVE列表</span></span></strong></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><div style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><div style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四、总结</span></strong></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在这项工作中，作者明确了在</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">对不同的数据库管理系统（DBMS）接口进行模糊测试</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">时所面临的独特挑战。作者提出了相应的解决方案，并将其整合到一个</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">开源的端到端模糊测试框架——BuzzBee 中</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。并且该文章对BuzzBee 进行了全面的评估，与最先进的模糊测试工具相比，BuzzBee </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">实现了高达177% 的代码覆盖率</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，并且在主流数据库管理系统中发现了</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">40 个实际存在的漏洞</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，这表明了它的</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">通用性</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">有效性</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。</span></p><div powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></p></div><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002867" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" 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      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Jun 2025 15:03:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>mGPTFuzz：大型语言模型辅助Matter物联网设备模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487094&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=8043fce594033c46aab557a313eee70c</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-03-29 17:20</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：From One Thousand Pages of Specification to Unveiling Hidden Bugs: Large Language Model Assisted Fuzzing of Matter IoT Devices</span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：Xiaoyue Ma; Lannan Luo; Qiang Zeng;</span></span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：<a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity24/presentation/ma-xiaoyue" target="_blank">https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity24/presentation/ma-xiaoyue</a></span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：the Proceedings of the 33rd USENIX Security Symposium</span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：<a href="https://iot-fuzz.github.io(链接中目前还未发布代码)" target="_blank">https://iot-fuzz.github.io(链接中目前还未发布代码)</a></span></strong></span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);visibility: visible;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">Matter是一种开放、免版税的物联网连接标准，得到了200多家公司的认可，包括Apple、Google、Amazon和Samsung。它的目的是建立一个统一的标准，促进不同供应商的智能设备之间的互操作性。在众多大型科技公司的支持下，这一统一标准有望彻底改变物联网生态。鉴于其受欢迎程度，发现Matter设备中的错误和漏洞是一个新兴的重要问题。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">由于大量的定制和专有硬件组件，模拟物联网固件仍然具有挑战性。构建精确的模拟器既复杂又困难。因此，黑盒模糊测试成为一种有吸引力的选择。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了对Matter进行黑盒模糊测试，作者构建了第一个Matter模糊器，名为mGPTFuzz，它可以帮助物联网供应商、安全研究人员以及众多公司和组织识别Matter设备中的错误和漏洞，主要的关键点为：</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（1）利用LLM从大量规范中提取信息</span>：通过Matter规范中广泛而详细的信息来指导测试输入的生成；</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（2）采用基于控制器的模糊测试架构</span>：这种设计无需对任何配套应用程序进行逆向工程或收集API测试脚本，并且可以导出被测设备支持的命令的完整列表。这样可以获得设备的高命令覆盖率；</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（3）丰富的模糊测试策略和状态分析</span>：可以发现有状态错误和非崩溃错误，以及崩溃错误。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">要从Matter规范中提取信息，一种直接的方法是手动仔细阅读并绘制所有状态机（FSM）。然而，由于以下原因，作者使用LLM来进行该过程：</span></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（1）节省大量繁琐的手动工作。</span>该规范长达1,258页。虽然描述集群的部分只有589页，但剩下的部分也并非毫无用处。例如，它涵盖了数据类型及其范围，以及集群描述中使用的符号的定义。首先要提取此类知识，然后用于与 LLM 进行后续交互以进行特定于集群的查询。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（2）避免忽略重要信息。</span>手动从规范中提取信息可能会忽略重要信息。例如，Matter SDK开发人员省略了不应删除GroupKeySetID = 0的信息（CVE-2023-42189），如图1所示。作者发现的许多非崩溃错误也表明开发人员遗漏了信息。</span><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">KeySetRemove命令用于移除一个密钥集（Key Set）。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">如果尝试移除的GroupKeySet ID是0，这个命令应该失败。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">GroupKeySet ID为0时，它关联的是身份保护密钥（Identity Protection Key，简称 IPK）。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">当命令失败时，应该返回一个INVALID_COMMAND状态码给发起者。</span></section></li></ul></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003431" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2178517397881997" data-type="png" data-w="661" style="width:100%;" data-backw="578" data-backh="126" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=feda1abd&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtplCkXpOg6OWWUfzIiappkXVOjczFfm9lLnyAoOUC7DK4LHuYjVhXBjAA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  被开发者忽略的规范信息</span></span></strong></section><section data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（3）应对标准的快速演变。</span>自2022年10月发布1.0版本以来，已经发布了三个新版本（2023年5月V1.1、2023年10月V1.2、2024年5月V1.3）。知识库提取的自动化可以加速模糊器的更新。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span><section style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">另一种替代方法是从代码中提取FSM。然而，它是不完整的。例如，Matter SDK提供了开发物联网设备的框架，但没有规定所有细节。其次，它可能包含错误，例如，错误地处理参数值范围。总之，该方法没有提供Matter设备应遵守的“标准”。因此，作者选择从规范中提取信息。</span></section></span></section><section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">现有SOTA黑盒物联网模糊测试器SNIPUZZ的局限性：</span></span><section style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（1）手动收集测试程序。</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">SNIPUZZ需要手动收集每个被测设备的API测试脚本，而只有少数供应商公开它们。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（2）命令覆盖率低。</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">即使对于具有可用API测试脚本的设备，这些脚本通常也仅涵盖设备支持的一小部分命令。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（3）忽视规范中丰富的信息。</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">SNIPUZZ没有利用模糊测试规范中的丰富信息，并且无法检测有状态或非崩溃的错误。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（4）无法处理加密消息。</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">SNIPUZZ通过修改收集的网络消息来改变测试输入。该方法不适用于Matter使用的加密通信。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">针对上述问题，作者设计了mGPTFuzz：</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）定制设备无法获得由经过审查的供应商签署的合法证明证书。但是，控制器的证书没有被检查，因此可以构建自定义控制器，集成模糊器。这样，就可以使用控制器来测试设备，而无需依赖 API 测试脚本或配套应用程序。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）根据Matter规范，当控制器添加设备时，它会在设置消息中宣布设备类型以及支持的命令和属性。这样，就可以从设置消息中获取支持的命令和属性的完整列表。因此，可以获得高命令覆盖范围。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）鉴于冗长且包含大量详细信息的规范，作者利用预先训练的大型语言模型将人类可读的内容转换为机器可读的信息，从而指导模糊测试。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）作者不会为了模糊测试而改变网络消息，而是修改控制器的代码以生成明文的测试消息，然后将其加密并发送到设备。此外，作者在运行自定义控制器的计算机中配置一个 Thread边界路由器。这样，控制器就可以测试Thread设备以及WiFi和以太网设备。</span></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="3 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">mGPTFuzz的架构如图2所示。它包含以下主要组件。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）自定义Matter控制器调试Matter设备，向其发送测试消息并接收响应。 </span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）当Matter设备被调试时，它会生成一系列设置消息。功能提取器组件从这些消息中了解设备的功能，例如支持的命令和属性。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）通过提示工程，利用LLM将Matter规范转换为知识库。 </span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）根据丰富的模糊测试策略，模糊测试变异器生成测试消息。 </span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（5）设备状态监视器监视物联网设备以捕获错误和漏洞，并将结果用于进一步指导模糊测试。</span></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003432" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3583815028901734" data-type="png" data-w="865" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3fe9f402&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtp5iaXibAdEV2GjwBQC2Rhsz6NkK6UDsQLQJg0GIQu15BwvrnicYb9QOCyQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 2  mGPTfuzz的主要架构</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．学习Matter设备的功能</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">Learning Functionality of Matter Devices</span></span></strong></span><span leaf="">）</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Matter规范分为两部分：Matter核心规范和Matter应用集群规范。前者提供用于建立和维护通信的基础集群（例如组密钥管理和网络诊断集群）的信息。后者提供有关应用程序集群的信息，详细说明设备如何通过特定应用程序数据和命令进行交互。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">一个集群代表一组相关的功能，并具有唯一的2字节集群标识符（CID）。所有可用集群的列表可以在两个Matter规范中找到。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">提取支持的设备集群</span>：当Matter 设备连接控制器时，会生成一系列设置消息，其中包含有关设备的丰富信息，包括设备 ID、制造代码和支持的集群。根据报告的信息并根据两个 Matter 规范，可以了解设备支持的功能，并确定（1）<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">哪些命令可以控制该设备</span>，以及（2）<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">设备支持哪些属性。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．使用LLM提取知识库</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">Learning Knowledge Base via LLM</span></strong></span></span></strong></span><span leaf="">）</span></span></strong></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">从规范中提取与命令和属性相关的信息（Information Extraction）</span></span></span></p><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者采用了三种方法通过LLM提取准确、稳定的信息：</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（1）采用temperature=0</span>：目标是获取从 Matter 规范中提取的事实信息，此设置确保LLM严格遵循源材料的事实性质来提取知识，在不同的查询中提供稳定且一致的信息。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（2）采用上下文中的小样本学习（In-context few-shot learning）</span>：确保LLM提取的信息准确并遵循指定的输出格式。上下文中的小样本学习是一种有效的策略，通过用少量说明所需输入和输出的示例来增强上下文，从而提高模型的准确性。这种方法丰富了LLM的背景，使他们能够更好地理解提示的语法、识别输出模式并准确地提取信息。通过采用这种技术，作者通过示例指导LLM以所需的格式准确提取有用的信息。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（3）采用自我一致性检查</span>：完善和验证生成的响应，确保结果的可靠性。即使采用上述方法，模型仍</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">然可能输出包含一些随机信息的答案，尽管这种情况很少见。作者与LLM进行了多次对话，并将大多数一致的答案视为最终结果。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">规范划分：</span>由于GPT-4的token限制，作者无法将整个规范提供给它。作者注意到每个集群对应于规范中的一章。因此，将规范的集群描述部分分成多个部分，每个部分对应一个集群。然而，在2023年11月延长token限制之前，一个跨越67页的长集群DoorLock超出了token限制。因此，作者进一步对DoorLock集群的内容进行分段，并逐一查询每个分段的信息。然后，将响应连接起来。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">提示词：</span>数据类型有两种类型：（1）基本数据类型，例如uint、int和bool，以及（2）派生数据类型，从基本数据类型派生。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">基本数据类型是所有集群共享；因此，只需要对所有26 种基本数据类型进行一次查询，而不是对每个集群进行一次查询。图3显示了查询基本数据类型及其对应值范围的提示。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003433" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5522827687776142" data-type="png" data-w="679" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0d39e4ae&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpxeGNliceY9tS9qhiatXeicTibVVz2OTyUjZOMvfIYC2PKicqure9gGhIEeA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 3 查询基础数据类型的提示词</span></span></strong></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">图4显示了查询每个集群信息的提示词模板，包括集群文本、查询和示例输出。每个集群单独查询，并通过使用脚本组装提示模板来自动生成提示。给定一个集群，集群文本是从规范中的章节转换而来的。具体来说，作者使用光学字符识别工具将PDF格式的规范转换为文本。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003434" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8333333333333334" data-type="png" data-w="684" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=104f71ae&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpNNt0giaWb7KGH9VXYrTWQZRiaeyAKNhsbADJdAtl5JrJ2jnqWScNWcBQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 4 查询每个集群信息的提示词模板</span></span></strong></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">响应</span>：图5显示了OnOff集群的示例响应，其中包括五条信息（对应于提示中的五个查询）。具体来说，该集群有一种派生数据类型、六个命令和五个属性。对于每个命令，都会提取其参数、相应的数据类型和命令 ID。对于每个属性，还会提取其数据类型和 ID。</span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003435" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.0114122681883024" data-type="png" data-w="701" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b677760b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpOQNY17lMHiab5MYunRFQckRVvxJjOWeCbWhDRw6XKXzBjFtRdSs6a5Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5 大语言模型关于onoff集群的响应</span></span></strong></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">使用LLM生成FSM（FSM Generation）</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">FSM是一个元组 (Q,Σ,Δ,δ)，其中Q表示有限状态集，Σ表示初始状态，Δ表示目标状态，δ表示可以将Σ映射到Δ的命令。给定一个集群，作者对每个命令进行查询，并生成特定于该命令的FSM。之后，所有FSM组合起来形成代表整个集群的综合FSM。</span><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">图6显示了用于查询命令（使用命令ID指定）的有用信息以生成FSM的提示模板。在这个过程中：</span><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）应用<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">上下文少样本学习</span>，如图6的Shot 1部分所示；</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）提供了有关<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">基本数据类型</span>的数据类型知识（通过图3中基本数据类型的提取）和与集群相关的派生数据类型（通过图4中的查询1）。这使得LLM能够准确理解思想链过程第二步中的数据范围；</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）利用<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">思想链提示</span>来确保LLM提取信息的准确性（见图6中的思想链部分）。思维链提示涉及构建提示来指导LLM完成一系列逻辑步骤，类似于人类的思维过程，以达到所需的输出。当简单的问答格式可能无法产生全面的结果时，这种技术在复杂的情况下被证明特别有效。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）利用<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">自我一致性检查</span>来增强响应的可靠性。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">即使采用设置temperature=0等方法来防止随机性和创造性，仍然存在以下罕见情况：<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">1）LLM 可能会产生格式与Shot 1不一致的响应，2）LLM 在以下情况下伪造信息：提供的集群文本不包含与查询相关的信息。</span>作者将第一个问题归因于输出的复杂性。为了确保 LLM 响应遵循所需的格式，作者在提示末尾添加“所需的输出格式”部分。为了解决第二个问题，作者强调不要编造信息，如图6第一段的最后一句所示。</span></section><section><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003436" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.7195325542570952" data-type="png" data-w="599" style="width:578px;height:994px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=00e6bcad&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpUEtXBnlaoPKIdrbcU2UoHwm3EY4PXEm0esRuzVXaI5VcZKDt9nYaGA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 6 生成FSM的提示词模板</span></span></strong></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">通过这些提示设计方法，作者能够有效地获取FSM信息。在为集群内的每个命令生成 FSM后，作者将所有FSM合并为代表该集群的综合FSM。生成了52个 FSM，总共有521 个状态和522个转换。对于52个FSM，状态数在[1, 46]范围内，边数在[1, 50]范围内。</span><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">例子</span>：图7显示了生成的 FSM 的一部分，它是通过合并与LevelControl集群内的所有命令相对应的多个FSM来实现的。此示例包含10个状态和13个边。每条边都包含有关状态转换过程的详细信息，包括命令名称以及每个参数的可能值和数据类型。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003437" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.32947976878612717" data-type="png" data-w="865" style="width:578px;height:191px;" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpRlJKNthSu4huQH7hcib8hZIzIvEts0cvvDBYqUmiaKicMUARJXaEgaIWw/0?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx2="865" data-cropy2="285.83910034602076" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d30d09e4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtp85yiceU8h35nSwuBTnDe5Qafn16iaLWaGaVRKt67Yoh68mj1jBEvWICQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></span></section><span style="font-size: 14px;"><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 7 LevelControl集群生成的FSM</span></span></strong></p></section></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">验证 FSM 的质量</span>：除了使用多个查询进行自我一致性检查之外，作者还手动验证FSM 的质量。首先从522 个转换中随机抽取100个样本。三位作者总共花费了9个小时手动独立检查100个转换中描述的信息的准确性。作者确认所有信息都是准确的。然后作者选择一个集群LevelControl，并检查FSM是否涵盖了规范中描述的所有转换，结果是肯定的。检验表明LLM能够准确提取FSM信息。</span></section></span></section></section></span></section></section></span></section></section></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．模糊测试策略</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Fuzzing Policies）</span></span></strong></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">模糊器迭代FSM以生成测试输入。使用以下策略：</span></span></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">策略1：</span>对于每个FSM边， (a) 作者将参数值更改为边指定的值； (b) 如果有效参数值是一个范围，请提供极值（例如有效范围的最小值和最大值）； (c) 提供排除极值的随机有效值。此外，对于每个命令，（d）作者更改字符串类型参数的长度，试图触发缓冲区溢出； (e) 向字符串提供空值以触发未初始化的读取或空指针引用； (f) 向数组、集合或包提供 NULL 或仅一个元素，以导致空指针引用或越界访问。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">策略2：</span>改变参数类型。给定一个假定数据类型为 t 的参数，作者将其类型更改为随机选择的类型 t′。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">策略3：</span>更改参数数量。对于需要n个参数的命令，作者提供n + 1、n − 1或0个参数。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">策略4：</span>尝试不受支持的集群和命令。除了支持的集群之外，作者还随机选择一些不支持的集群。对于选定的不受支持的集群中的每个命令，作者都会按照命令定义生成测试消息。通过这个策略，作者检查意外的命令是否会导致设备崩溃。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">4．构造测试消息</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Constructing Test Messages）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">要在给定命令的情况下构建测试消息，一种简单的方法是在调用该命令的控制器中调用API。然而，此类API包含各种输入清理。因此，无法构建无效的测试消息。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了解决这个问题，作者的解决方案是找到打包消息的过程，称之为message packing procedure。每个API都会调用它来生成要发送到 IoT 设备的消息。然后，作者删除包装程序中的输入清理。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">有两种类型的命令：</span><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">普通命令：</span>每个集群包含零个或多个普通命令。控制器chip-tool中的打包过程 InteractionModelCommands::SendCommand 用于生成此类命令。  </span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">Write-Attribute 可以修改指定的集群属性：</span>控制器chip-tool的打包过程InteractionModelCommands::WriteAttribute 用于生成此类命令。</span></section></li></ul><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">5．设备状态检测</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Device State Monitor）</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（1）崩溃错误：</span>从mGPTFuzz的角度来看，检测设备崩溃是微不足道的，因为崩溃会导致断开连接（以及下一个测试消息的超时异常）。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（2）非崩溃错误：</span>对于每个测试消息，如果响应消息和目标状态（就所涉及的属性值而言）不遵守FSM中描述的转换，则捕获非崩溃错误。具体来说，给定有效的测试消息（即有效的命令/属性ID和参数值），控制器期望来自被测设备的响应消息SUCCESS，并且还通过查询描述状态的属性来检查目标状态。给定一个无效的命令，它需要一条错误消息，例如 INVALID_COMMAND。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（3）有状态错误：</span>如果只有当设备处于某些状态时才能重现症状，则它是一个有状态错误。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">（4）无状态错误：</span>反之，就是无状态的。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、评估</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．实验设置</span></span></strong></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实现：</span>作者实现了mGPTFuzz的原型。</span><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）利用Matter Consortium提供的开源工具chip-tool来构建定制控制器。在消息打包过程中删除了输入清理，这样测试输入就不会因为清理而被拒绝。该控制器能够使用chip-tool code-wifi pairing脚本来调试Matter-over-WiFi和Matter-over-Ethernet设备。为了支持 Thread 无线电通信功能，作者将nRF52840 Micro Dev Kit USB Dongle插入桌面计算机。此外，作者安装了ot-br-posix库，它将桌面计算机变成了 OpenThread边界路由器（OTBR）。随后，作者的自定义控制器能够使用chip-tool code-thread pairing脚本来调试Matter-over-Thread设备。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）LLM：GPT-4-Turbo，temperature=0。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）要对设备进行模糊测试，唯一的手动操作是将其与mGPTFuzz配对。</span></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">环境：</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）测试的Matter设备：从线上和线下市场采购了23种流行的消费者Matter IoT设备，涵盖Philip Hue、Yeelight、Yale等多个品牌。Matter设备的类型包括智能开关、插头、照明、储物柜、传感器和集线器。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）测试环境：配备4.9 GHz Intel® Core(TM) i7 CPU和32 GB RAM的Ubuntu 20.04 PC。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Baseline：SNIPUZZ。（1）排除了IoTFuzzer和Diane，因为它们从配套应用程序发送测试输入，而Matter设备无法通过设备的配套应用程序进行控制。（2）排除了HubFuzzer，因为它仅测试ZigBee和ZWave设备。（3）排除了非开源的模糊器。因此，作者选择了 SNIPUZZ 进行比较。选择SNIPUZZ的另一个原因是因为 SNIPUZZ 的评估表明它优于之前的工作，例如NEMESYS、BooFuzz和DooNA。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．崩溃发现结果</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">作者将错误分为两类：（1）崩溃错误，会导致设备崩溃；（2）非崩溃错误，会导致不正确的行为，但不会导致设备崩溃。</span></span></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">从23个Matter设备中，作者发现了147个错误，其中包括5个崩溃错误和142个非崩溃错误。在这147个错误中，有10个有状态错误，其中4 个有状态崩溃错误和6个有状态非崩溃错误。无论当前设备状态如何，都可以触发其他137 个错误。详细结果如表1所示。在147个错误中，有61个错误导致拒绝服务，即设备崩溃（CVE-2023-45955 和 CVE2023-45956），或者直到重新配对后才响应控制器 (CVE-2023-42189)。鉴于DoS性质，作者将这61个错误归类为漏洞。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003439" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.080935251798561" data-type="png" data-w="556" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cb7b2c70&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtp0MiapNhghLHdEI9BBrVvhOQhY4ErG1x2p5p886rTHSdQvelKkPSN2hw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 1 mGPTFuzz 检测到的错误。(1) UT 代表 Unexpected Transition，意思是设备转变到意外状态。 (2) DoS 是指拒绝服务。模糊测试时间主要由设备支持的命令和属性的数量决定。</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">崩溃错误：</span></span></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">已识别的5个崩溃 bug如下：</span></section><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">设备Nanoleaf Lighting NF080K03-2LS（设备ID = 4）中存在一个崩溃错误，已分配CVE-2023-45955。</span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Govee Lighting H61E1（设备ID = 10）存在4个崩溃错误，这些错误都是有状态错误，需要将设备设置为要触发的特定状态。这些错误已分配为CVE-2023-45956。</span></section></li></ul><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">请注意，为了节省CVE资源，如果设备存在与一组相似命令或漏洞利用消息相关的多个错误，则仅请求一个CVE。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">表2总结了这些错误的详细信息。隐藏API意味着供应商的API测试脚本中未涵盖该命令或属性，也未在其网站中进行描述。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003440" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.315606936416185" data-type="png" data-w="865" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6600d913&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpCHb8x1EDStTsjn5vTFmnJWnUE26KtWuLUzuluF6907uhtjhyZx2fEw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 2 检测到的崩溃错误的详细信息</span></span></strong></p></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">非崩溃错误：</span></span></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">mGPTFuzz从23个Matter设备中发现了142个非崩溃错误，其中6个是有状态的非崩溃错误。与崩溃错误相比，检测非崩溃错误提出了更大的挑战，因为可用作崩溃错误检测线索的网络连接状态对于检测非崩溃错误没有用处。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者发现两种类型的非崩溃错误：N1）设备应拒绝相应的漏洞利用消息但接受并处理它们的错误；N2）设备应该接受相应的漏洞利用消息但错误地拒绝它们的错误。两种类型的非崩溃错误在测试设备上的分布如表3所示。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003441" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6026936026936027" data-type="png" data-w="594" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7d90bb7a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtp5icLmRMVL6AZGIgTuOcHp6uVN4hKD7cqjgLWjU06cCsy5QCic00Yqzog%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; white-space: normal; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 3 非崩溃错误</span></span></strong></p></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">表4总结了非崩溃错误案例的详细信息：</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）两个N1型的非崩溃错误影响所有Matter设备，如表4所示（设备ID标记为All）。这些错误已分配为CVE-2023-42189。它们不是有状态的错误，因此可以在任何设备状态下触发。这两个错误都与隐藏命令KeySetRemove (uint16) 有关。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）作者在设备Govee Lighting H61E1（设备ID=10）中发现了6个N1型的有状态非崩溃错误。这些非崩溃错误与三个隐藏命令（MoveHue、MoveSaturation、EnhancedMoveHue）有关。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）作者在Orein Bulb OS0100811267（设备ID = 3）和Linkind Bulb LS0101811266（设备ID=11）这两台设备中各发现一个N2型非崩溃错误。此错误与隐藏命令MoveColor(int16, int16) 有关。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003442" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.47368421052631576" data-type="png" data-w="817" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=da972452&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpliaEzAkLwjPicrUKaye5RibFoMwUMWLWKGOzQ3SFtO6ApgNywj22ic4ySg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 4 一些检测到的非崩溃错误案例</span></span></strong></p></span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">3．与Baseline方法的对比</span></span></strong></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了公平比较，作者扩展了SNIPUZZ的功能。（1）SNIPUZZ 集成到自定义控制器中，因此纯文本消息会呈现给SNIPUZZ。这样，它能够测试始终使用加密通信的Matter设备。（2）向其提供隐藏命令。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">详细内容如下所述：</span><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）SNIPUZZ旨在检测崩溃错误，无法检测非崩溃错误。因此，作者比较了SNIPUZZ和mGPTFuzz之间的崩溃错误检测性能。作者使用增强型SNIPUZZ（即扩展后）来测试所有 23个Matter设备。然而，在对每台设备进行24小时的模糊测试后，SNIPUZZ没有发现任何错误。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）SNIPUZZ需要物联网设备的API测试程序来收集种子消息，并且只能测试API测试程序涵盖的命令。因此，它无法检测到由隐藏命令触发的崩溃错误，其中包括mGPTFuzz 检测到的所有5个崩溃错误。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）如果向SNIPUZZ提供相应的隐藏命令，它是否可以检测到这些错误：对于每个发现的崩溃错误，作者都会向SNIPUZZ提供一条与涉及此错误的隐藏命令相关的消息。然后，使用SNIPUZZ的片段确定算法来对这些消息进行分区。结果显示SNIPUZZ无法准确确定其中任何一个的片段。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（4）作者进一步研究了SNIPUZZ的片段确定算法，并得到了以下发现：Matter协议要求Matter消息的有效负载遵循JSON格式。然而，由于SNIPUZZ将消息中的字节一一删除来生成探测消息，这导致探测消息不遵循JSON格式。</span></section></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">4．效率</span></span></strong></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在表1的最后一列中，作者展示了mGPTFuzz测试每个设备所花费的总时间。对于ID = 7的设备，最长测试时间约为5小时。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">以两台设备为例，通过随时间发现的错误数（Y 轴）和测试消息数量（X 轴）来说明模糊测试效率。如图8所示，mGPTFuzz可以高效地发现崩溃错误和非崩溃错误。对于图8(a)所示的设备Nanoleaf Lightstrip NF080K03-2LS，所有错误均在110分钟内发现且测试消息≤3100条，并且第一个错误在10分钟内发现。对于图8(b)所示的设备Eve Motion Sensor 20EBY9901，所有四个错误都在90分钟内被发现，且测试消息数≤1200条。</span></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003443" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3474240422721268" data-type="png" data-w="757" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=db0680e6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlp9PV9Igl1ouM4YWib8aKBtpJsDHeCTuoMW9SpAR02e7eVhSBNZAZnsROFCmial1iacyAmKQJFR7NWJg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/>图 8 测试效率结果，红点代表崩溃错误，绿点代表非崩溃错误</span></span></strong></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、讨论</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">影响：</span>mGPTFuzz仅限于模糊测试Matter设备。然而，考虑到Matter的重要性，付出的努力是值得的。此外，LLM辅助的黑盒模糊测试方法可以推广到其他可用规范的场景，例如Zigbee、Thread 和蓝牙。</span></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">道德考虑和主动危害预防：</span>作者已就其产品的错误和漏洞联系了所有供应商。作者已向Matter SDK开发人员报告了该漏洞 (CVE-2023-42189)，因为它会影响所有Matter设备。它已在Matter V1.1中修复。联系他们后，作者至少等待了90天才报告漏洞并进行 CVE分配。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Matter在Apache 2.0许可证下发布，允许多种用途。该规范可在官方网站上公开访问。根据ChatGPT的指示，ChatGPT不会使用其业务产品（例如ChatGPT Team或ChatGPT Enterprise）中的内容来训练其模型。作者在整个研究过程中使用了 ChatGPT Team。因此，使用ChatGPT的方法不会引起道德问题。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">作为全行业的物联网标准，Matter有望彻底改变智能设备的生态。因此，Matter设备的模糊测试是一个新兴的重要问题。作者提出了文献中的第一个Matter模糊器。利用大型语言模型将超过一千页的人类可读规范转换为有限状态机（FSM）形式的机器可读信息。在FSM的指导下，作者的黑盒模糊测试能够发现有状态错误和非崩溃错误，以及崩溃错误。作者已经构建了mGPTFuzz原型并进行了涉及23个Matter设备的广泛评估。它发现了147个新错误，其中包括61个零日漏洞并分配了3个CVE。</span></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002867" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" 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      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Mar 2025 17:20:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>Halo：通过可能不变量推断的反例引导定向模糊测试</title>
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原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-03-13 14:46</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Everything is Good for Something: Counterexample-Guided Directed Fuzzing via Likely Invariant Inference</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Heqing Huang, Anshunkang Zhou, Mathias Payer, Charles Zhang</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">IEEE Xplore Full-Text PDF:</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 202</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="">4</span></font></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">暂无</span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在软件系统的安全性日益受到重视的今天，模糊测试技术已成为发现潜在漏洞的关键手段。模糊测试通过生成和执行大量随机或变异的输入来检测程序的行为，尤其是在未预期的输入下。然而，随着现代软件系统的复杂性不断增加，传统的模糊测试方法面临着效率和覆盖率的挑战。特别是在定向模糊测试领域，如何生成更有可能触发目标漏洞的输入，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">减少间接输入生产</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">成为了研究的热点。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者针对现有定向模糊测试技术的间接输入生成问题，提出了一种新的框架——Halo。该框架的核心思想是</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">通过从可达和不可达的执行输入中推断可能的不变性</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，以此来限制后续输入生成的搜索空间，从而产生更多能够到达目标位置的输入。Halo框架包含了三个核心方法：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">可能的不变量推断</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">通过历史输入推断有用不变量，约束输入生成，缩小搜索空间。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于距离的输入选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：选择更接近条件边界的输入进行不变量推断，以减少推断所需输入数量。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(3)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于相似性的不变量选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：优先选择相似度高的不变量进行输入生成，以提高输入生成的有效性。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">现有fuzzer的局限</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">(1) 一方面，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">即使大多数种子按照距离优先处理，某些目标仍可能难以到达</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。在图1中，假设有三个种子，A：(15，5，10，10)，B：(5，5，10，10)，和C：(15，5，10，0)。即使现有的模糊测试工具可以优先处理种子B而不是种子A和C，因为B可以到达第12行，比A和C到达第11行更近，但随机变异种子可能无法快速满足第11到13行的严格路径条件，更不用说满足溢出条件。尽管种子B被优先考虑，模糊测试器仍可能生成大量违反路径条件的输入，导致探索无关程序，例如第18行的块；</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">(2) 另一方面，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">剔除不可行的执行路径虽然能通向目标，但并不能帮助生成直指目标的输入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。例如，Beacon可以根据可达性和路径条件终止执行。因此，一旦执行到达第18行，模糊测试器就可以停止执行输入。然而，模糊测试器仍然缺乏如何生成满足第11到14行条件的输入的知识。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003406" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7643884892086331" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="556" style="width:421px;height:322px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=33dd5e8b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7MJgNVQUEgpuCJcAaVQxiaogDVf1B0RjjgQ25VTUF5qY72icTyLCJlaRA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1 示例说明</span></span></strong></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">而针对上述的问题，作者设计了Halo：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">(1)Halo</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">利用执行的输入来动态推断可能的不变量以限制输入搜索空间</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，从而加快定向模糊测试中的漏洞复制过程。从可达输入推导出的不变量近似到目标的路径条件，从不可达输入推断出的不变量则表明后续输入不应满足的条件。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">(2)Halo</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">使用了两种新颖的选择策略来增强输入生成</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，从而有效减少生成的不相关输入的比例。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">设计Halo的基本直觉如图2：通过执行输入近似的路径条件可以限制后续输入生成的搜索空间，从而有效地复现目标漏洞。输入可以被视为由各种程序路径描述的分布中的样本，这些路径的条件是区分路径的边界。得益于模糊测试中高效的输入生成速度，可以根据大量样本推断出这些边界。因此，模糊测试器可以生成受边界约束的新输入，从而增加触发崩溃的概率。例如，通过观察通过变异先前例子中种子A、B和C中变量a的值生成的输入，可以近似出一个到达目标的条件是a &lt; 15，因为这是否定第11行条件的临界值。尽管这种近似不如原始路径条件a &lt; 10精确，但模糊测试器不需要生成大量不可行的输入（a ≥ 15），从而无法到达目标，这提高了复现目标漏洞的有效性。此外，如果发现反例（如a = 10），可以进一步改进这一近似以增强其实用性。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003407" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5292439372325249" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="701" style="width:465px;height:246px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=51a7fd50&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7fW7mReeHASjCic8DfHRV6GUpnVAWPLt9Bd0GAQqSayIiaiaqF6AICnN6A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 2 Halo的动机</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003408" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.27049180327868855" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="732" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=52f2820e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7Rrz5ibRY5zibkrboRGGkZibQIcNB9IuawaFFgA2XTm3HjIreI98I03KtA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 3 Halo的完整流程图</span></span></strong></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Halo的完整架构如图3所示，主要包括三个关键部分：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">可能的不变量推断</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：通过历史执行的输入（无论是可达还是不可达）来推断接近目标的条件，从而最小化后续输入生成的空间。推断出的可能不变量可以作为输入生成的条件约束。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于距离的输入选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了高效地推断精确的不变量，设计了一种基于距离的输入选择策略，选择距离条件边界较近的输入进行不变量推断。距离度量描述了每个输入到条件边界的接近程度。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(3)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于相似性的不变量选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了有效生成满足条件的输入，设计了一种基于相似性的不变量选择策略，优先选择相似度高的不变量进行输入生成。相似度通过后续输入生成中发现的反例比例来衡量。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．可能的不变量推断 </span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">Preliminary of Invariant Inference）</span></span></strong></span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">可能的不变量推断通过额外的执行反馈优化了定向模糊测试的输入生成阶段。如算法1所示，模糊测试器开始使用选定的种子生成输入时（第 2 行），Halo 首先基于从所选种子生成的一组输入来近似导向目标的条件（第 3-8 行）。直观上讲，路径条件可以视为多个输入字节应该满足的不变量。因此，算法的基本直觉是找到一个所有给定输入都可以满足的不变量，作为目标条件的近似。基于给定的输入，推断引擎首先在执行期间检查输入是否能满足当前不变量。如果能，则不作改变。否则，算法根据反例输入最小化范围。同时，没有在有效范围的模板不变量被丢弃。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003410" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.702048417132216" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="537" style="width:329px;height:231px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4d46945b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc73S7SuELKKib0l0kF2dM6RwEcYT1C1OWR5ZtOgqeEcFjPAoECRoylSOg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">输入收集</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：利用模糊测试中生成的大量输入，Halo会推断这些不变量以改进后续输入生成。具体来说，Halo记录影响达到目标的输入字节及其值（算法1的第4行）。然后使用执行反馈来指示输入是否到达目标，并将其分为Sreach和Sunreach</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">两组。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">考虑图1中的示例，其中有五个输入未触发崩溃，A(a，b，c，d)：(15，5，20，10)，B(a，b，c，d)：(6，8，10，10)，C(a，b，c，d)：(15，5，30，10)，D(a，b，c，d)：(6，10，12，0)和E(a，b，c，d)：(6，100，12，0)。Halo会记录影响变量a、b和c的输入字节及其值，分类如下：</span></section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Sreach= B：(6，8，10)，D: (6，10，12)，E: (6，100，12)</span><span leaf=""><br/></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Sunreach= A：(15，5，20)，C：(12，5，30)</span><span leaf=""><br/></span><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">不变量推断</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：对于每个输入集群，Halo分别推断不变量Ireach和Iunreach（算法1的第5-6 行）。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Ireach表示接近目标的近似条件。相对地，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Iunreach衡量输入可能无法达到目标的条件。因此，新生成的输入应满足</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Ireach和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Iunreach的否定。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">考虑上述例子，我们可以推断出以下不变量：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Ireach= a&lt;7，b&gt;7，c≤10，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Iunreach= a&gt;12，b&lt;6，c≥20</span></section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;}]">Ireach可以指示可达输入应该满足的条件。而结合从不可达输入生成的不变量Iunreach的否定，可以细化变量的不变量来得到输入应满足的更精确条件：</span><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">a &lt;7，a≤12，b&gt;7，b≥7，c&lt;=10，c&lt;=20</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">总体而言，与随机变异相比，可以避免生成a&gt;12和c&gt;20的不可达输入。</span></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．基于距离的输入选择</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Distance based Input Selection）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">增加输入数量可以提高推断出可能不变量的准确性，但使用大量输入进行推断需要耗费大量时间。为了高效地推断出精确的不变量，作者提出使用最小化的代表性输入集来准确描述目标条件。具体而言，观察到不同的输入对不变量推断的精确度贡献不同，因此应该最小化不变量推断所需的输入数量。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了量化输入对不变量推断的有效性，将其视为输入分布的聚类问题，其中只有接近条件边界的输入才能帮助推断不变量，而那些远离边界的输入无法有效地描述目标条件；如图 4所示，红线外的输入比红线内的输入更不容易生成精确的不变量。因此，可以根据输入距离条件边界的距离来选择输入。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003411" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.492845786963434" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="629" style="width:417px;height:206px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5d855eda&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7iacvoxdk8AZQuyOFjTSY9ia8OAeHxPWeAooiaqqPtqPldibhpKQ3BuglGA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 4 基于距离的选择输入直觉</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">如何选择输入</span></span><span leaf="">：基于距离的输入选择直觉，作者设计了一种基于距离的输入选择策略，以选择能够推断出更精确不变量的输入。距离度量描述了每个输入与条件边界的接近程度。可以把路径条件视为一个函数f(x),其中是相关x输入字节的向量。使f(x)=0的输入构成了条件的边界。输入到边界的距离可以表示为|f(x)|。因此，应该选择|f(x)|较小的输入用于不变量推断。</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">对于那些未能到达目标的输入，无法获得其距离，因为f(x)并未完全执行</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。因此，Halo 会根据输入是否能够到达目标，将其分开进行不变量推断。在目标达到之前，Halo 仅利用不可达的输入来推断所有输入字节的可能不变量，这表明可达输入不应满足的条件。通过否定从不可达输入推断出的不变量，模糊测试器仍然可以约束输入生成的搜索空间。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">选择多少输入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：根据统计理论确定在不变量推断中使用的可达和不可达输入的数量，该理论测量近似整个分布所需的最小样本数n，n的计算公式如下：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003412" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.24413145539906103" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="213" style="width:154px;height:38px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d3dc8741&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc78xvoblrd5OFdaiaTFUSwmeYttWU9pD35zH8xLP2TIcwg2E7II0JZYcg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中Z是一个由误差范围决定的常数Z分数，对于95%的置信水平，为0.05。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．基于相似性的不变量选择</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Similarity based Invariant Selection）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">可能的常量可以帮助限制后续输入生成的搜索空间，但推理引擎可能会提供多个具有不同精度的潜在常量，这些常量可能无法平等地筛选不可达的输入。而一些常量可能会根据给定的输入过度约束，例如，从早期阶段的不可达输入中专门推断出的常量。因此，使用所有常量进行输入生成可能会引入显著的开销。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003413" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5629251700680272" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="588" style="width:414px;height:233px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=60a4f734&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7EXU5nZQRLrxZkHXfC8mxjQBViaXmcYhTVV9DdQHsuTUwKXzM4Oyzia9g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5 基于距离的选择输入直觉</span></span></strong></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了有效地生成受不变量约束的输入，作者提出根据新的输入生成情况自适应地选择和细化不变量，如图 5 所示。理想情况下，由最精确的不变量生成的输入应该始终满足路径条件，可以通过在近似分布中找到的反例来表示精度的损失。因此一个更精确的不变量应该生成更少的反例。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者利用生成输入的执行反馈来估计哪个不变量与原始路径条件更相似并计算相似性。相似性可以看作是使用推断的不变量生成更多可达输入的概率。Halo基于后续输入生成中发现的反例比例来优先考虑推断的不变量。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">如何选择不变量</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。作者设计了一种基于相似性的不变量选择方法，自适应地选择最有效的不变量用于生成可达输入。每个不变量的相似性作为模糊测试器选择该不变量的概率。具有更高相似性的不变量应具有更高的概论被模糊测试器选择。作者使用不变量生成的可达输入的比例作为其相似性：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003414" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.22083333333333333" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="240" style="width:157px;height:35px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=94ff0d80&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7BPRYN32h4xvO7xfAY6lbhKOXYv5ticblEWFbfDfLdibUTCKDIsG8dAAw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中n和N分别为生成的可达输入和总输入的数量。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">自适应不变量的输入生成</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。一旦选择了不变量，就会采样满足条件的输入。在模糊测试过程中，每个不变量的相似性会根据后续的输入生成情况不断更新。如果所有推断出的不变量都无法有效生成具有低优先级的可达输入，Halo会收集发现的反例，并推断出一组具有更高精度的新不变量，以保持输入生成的有效性。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、实验与评估</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">RQ1：与最先进的（定向）模糊测试工具相比，Halo是否能够更快速地复现目标漏洞？RQ2：Halo 是否能够有效解决间接输入生成问题？</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1.6em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">RQ3：Halo 是否能够在实际中检测到不完整的修复和新漏洞？</span></span></p><section style="line-height: 1.6em;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">RQ4：Halo中设计的选择策略是否能有效协助不变量推断以增强定向模糊测试的效果？</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．实验设置</span></span></strong></span></p><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003415" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3792134831460674" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="712" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=aef7b570&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7IwKX6aAgsBxMvPPSkibxheGt9A5SicRNZXWPkIrTLAlaBiadaaE8C4d0g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 6 相比较的模糊测试工具</span></span></strong></p><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003416" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.43081312410841655" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="701" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f3633bb6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7B8QxBZEUcicFkOGU9DpE6RKiayc12zEGpxibicOPTq7wPaEjWRibnslqsXA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size:12px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.578px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 7 Magma benchmark</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实现</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：代码并未开源。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Baselines</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：8种模糊测试工具，如图6所示。将Halo与四种最先进的定向模糊测试工具（AFLGo、Beacon、WindRanger、SelectFuzz）以及四种基于覆盖的模糊测试工具（AFL、AFL++、Parmesan、SymCC）进行比较。实验环境为Intel Xeon(R)、E5-1620 v3 CPU和64GB 内u内存，运行在Ubuntu 20.04 LTS操作系统。每个实验进行10次，每次运行24小时，记录达到和触发目标的时间。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">2．漏洞复现能力RQ1</span></strong></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者记录达到和触发目标的时间，利用模糊测试工具在24小时时间预算内到达并复现目标的平均耗时来对测试工具进行评估。对于Halo，结果包括了模糊测试和不变量推断的累积时间。图8和图9显示了所有被评估模糊测试工具发现的目标的结果。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">总体而言，与现有模糊测试工具相比，Halo在复现目标后需要的时间减少了2.0倍，证明了减轻间接输入生成问题的有效性。此外，Halo发现了其他模糊测试工具实现的所有目标，并平均额外检测了18个输入生成问题。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">与定向模糊测试工具比较</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：Halo通过平均28.9倍、3.1倍、28.8倍和3.8倍更快地复现目标，分别发现了18、10、19和20个更多的目标，表明了作者的设计在利用不变式推断解决间接输入生成问题方面的有效性。同时，Halo能够更快地到达目标，平均速度提升了1.3倍和9.0倍，证明了基于仅使用不可达输入推断出的不变量到达目标的有效性。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003417" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6411290322580645" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="744" style="width:452px;height:290px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=23bf15af&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7B9ZCRPG03TibwlbHCUc6CCIPV6xZXSyhcmHnwxLsr9a1pZibWQ7nInXg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 8 Magma基准测试中Halo与定向模糊测试器相比较每个目标的重现时间</span></span></strong></p><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003418" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6371077762619373" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="733" style="width:465px;height:296px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a7ecd6c6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc70MDeZnsdK8KeibweZUqBXkicKRudjQqrE1cpsQYxanuL1hA8aCdXztGA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 9 </span><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Magma</span><font face="宋体" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">基准测试中</span></font></span></strong><b style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Halo</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">与非</span></font></b><b style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">定向模糊测试器</span></font></b><b style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">相比较</span></font></b><b style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">每个目标的重现时间</span></font></b></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">与非定向模糊测试相比</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，Halo平均在十次运行中检测到17个更多目标，复现速度平均快了14.3倍。与SymCC混合模糊测试工具相比，尽管SymCC基于其符号执行快速触发了一些目标，例如SND017和SSL020，但其固有的可扩展性问题限制了其在复现大型程序中的漏洞，如PHP和SQLite。这种不足强调了利用轻量级方法，即Halo中使用的可能不变量推断，来解决生成输入的路径条件的重要性。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">3.有效输入生成RQ2</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">作者评估了在先前评估中可达到输入生成的百分比，并将果与其他定向模糊测试工具进行了比较。图10展示了从各种模糊测试工具收集到的可达到输入生成的比例。结果显示，在触发目标之前，Halo在模糊测试过程中生成了超过43%的可达到输入，这些输入能够到达目标，而AFLGo、Windranger和SelectFuzz分别只生成了5.3%、5.8%和14.6%的可达到输入。Halo这一性能比最先进的定向模糊测试工具提高了6.2倍。这一显著的改进表明，Halo有效地减轻了定向模糊测试中常见的间接输入生成问题。</span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003419" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5081521739130435" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="736" style="width:416px;height:211px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f7e708f6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7n2Ps31J1zCl5pV8JLj0vaaCBlxRHrOIzyDeMd90yEqNdP1nzJoKibzQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 10 Halo与其他定向模糊测试器的比较生成的不可到达输入的平均比例</span></strong></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">这些发现强调了不仅要到达目标，而且还要有效地触发它的重要性。尽管许多输入能够到达目标，但触发它们并不总是直接的。因此，Halo在可达到输入生成方面的显著改进使其能够专注于有效地触发目标，最终比现有的定向模糊测试工具更快地复现目标漏洞。</span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003420" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.56656346749226" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="646" style="width:432px;height:245px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a37fd601&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7XVPFApMEvx1XLaSSSzWluQhmG38ElC78ESY5MrBiaCCLKmHK0P81Kew%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="text-align: center;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 11</span></font></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span></font></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Halo</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">在</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">24</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">小时评估中用于可能的不变性推断、输入生成和模糊测试引擎的时间成本的平均比例</span></font></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;">此外，在图11中，作者研究了Halo中不变量推断和输入生成抽样的改进与额外时间成本之间的权衡。不变量推断和输入抽样分别占总模糊测试时间的14.8%和0.6%，即在所有评估项目中不超过5小时。这一时间成本展示了Halo中使用的适应性不变量推断的效率。这些结果突出了具有进化输入生成的自我优化模糊测试的潜力。</span></span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">4．效率RQ3</span></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了展示Halo的实用性，作者评估了这个优化的定向模糊测试工具是否能够在最新版本的实际项目中发现不完整的修复，以帮助开发者彻底修复漏洞。作者收集了Magma基准测试中的程序的最新版本来比较检测能力。对于每个程序，通过查看其仓库或Bugzilla的问题列表来获取定向模糊测试工具的相关漏洞的目标点。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003422" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.23878437047756873" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="691" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8ef10453&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7qEaS8lcNc7OIfVl4InB0YMR6aDR2RdLNjgVmok0cmnHtjGykn9VaUg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 12 在Magma基准测试中评估的项目的最新版本中检测到的漏洞数量</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">图12展示了在比较的模糊测试工具中检测到的漏洞。Halo检测到十个以前未知的漏洞，涉及七个不完整的修复。这一发现突出了优化输入生成的定向模糊测试在识别以前未发现的漏洞方面的有效性。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;class&#34;:&#34;MsoNormal&#34;,&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:null},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:null},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">5．消融实验RQ4</span></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了评估基于距离的输入选择和基于相似性的不变量选择这两个算法的重要性，作者创建了Halo的两个变体，Halo-Similarity和Halo-Distance，它们分别禁用了基于距离的输入选择和基于相似性的不变量选择。如图所示，Halo在复现目标方面超越了Halo-Similarity和Halo-Distance，分别平均提速2.40倍和1.51倍。结果表明，结合基于距离的输入和基于相似性的不变量选择对于在Halo中实现最佳性能是必要的。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003423" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5734375" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="640" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3896d54c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7Zaw6krlnKQLLbbvMgtuib7TXb6O4n02ylUaiaDVbGyrFK8J5bGnTYdoA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"> </span><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 13 Halo、Halo-Similarity和Halo-Distance 的重现时间比较</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于距离的输入选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了检验输入选择对Halo有效性的影响，作者评估了使用不同数量的输入推断出的不可达输入的比例。如图14所示，Halo中生成的可达输入的平均比例为57.0%。与未进行输入选择的不变量推断相比，Halo平均可以多生成21.6%的可达输入。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003424" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5561139028475712" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="597" style="width:396px;height:220px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=42881c74&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7iakicXt5p33zZiaxApNO1ztyTqMwTLmUdSibMcCUzWqYBlfshylnhGIy6A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 14 在Halo中使用不同输入选择方法生成的不可到达输入的平均比例</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于相似性的不变量选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：作者评估了Halo和Halo-Distance中使用推断引擎提供的所有不变量生成新输入中的可达输入生成比例。结果如图15所示。总体而言，未进行基于相似性的不变量选择的性能有所波动（从59.2%到72.6%），但Halo在每个项目中都优于Halo-Distance，生成了多出9.2%的可达输入。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003425" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7109515260323159" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="557" style="width:379px;height:269px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e14838c7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqZNVp28SuEPuaEu8iaFrrc7hWNtvxOYbmwIxvJfJFLuQkQVaUNwBDibCic5dAPLUsRQRcEIM8rACGpw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"> </span><span leaf="" style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 15 受不变性选择策略影响的不可到达输入的平均比例</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、讨论</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">潜力</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">协助动态分析与模糊测试</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：Halo利用最先进的模糊测试技术为动态分析生成足够的输入，以近似程序语义。此外，输入选择策略可以有效地限制输入数量，实现更好的可扩展性。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">从输入中提取语义</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：Halo中由执行输入推断出的不变量显示了另一种模糊测试的潜在方向：利用观察到的不可达执行来防止模糊测试工具不断探索无关的程序行为。在Halo中，基于不可达输入推断不变量，以约束后续输入生成的搜索空间，从而有效接近目标漏洞。由于模糊测试工具可以生成大量输入来检查程序，因此除了覆盖率之外，可能还可以从执行的输入中提取更多语义，以指导模糊测试工具探索程序。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">局限</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">不变量推断的可扩展性</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：虽然动态可能不变量推断优于符号执行，但其效果仍可能受到可扩展性问题的影响。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">解决复杂路径条件</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。Halo 的优势在于使用从可达输入和不可达输入中推断出的不变量来限制搜索空间。尽管实验数据展示了仅从不可达输入中推断的不变量的有效性，但与同时使用两类输入相比，它可能效果较差。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">支持丰富的语义</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。除了复杂的路径条件外，漏洞可能涉及各种丰富的语义。然而，由于作者的主要关注点是本文中的路径条件，Halo可能无法有效地复现这类目标漏洞。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文提出了Halo，一种全新的定向模糊测试技术，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">通过动态推断可能的不变量来高效生成能够触发特定目标漏洞的输入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。具体来说，作者提出了利用已执行的输入动态推断可能的不变量，以约束输入搜索空间，从而加速定向模糊测试中的漏洞重现过程。此外作者还设计了两种新的选择策略——</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于距离的输入选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">、</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于可能性的不变量选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，以</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">增强输入生成的效率，减少生成的无关输入的比例</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。实验结果表明，Halo在复现目标漏洞的速度上显著超越了现有的定向模糊测试工具，平均提速15.3倍，并且能够生成6.2倍更多的可达输入。此外，Halo还在Magma基准测试中检测到十个以前未知的漏洞，涉及七个不完整的修复，证明了其在实际应用中的有效性。</span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002867" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9601d466&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqicsiaxDHZjSsKx6Eoahhic8tm1AUvF5TI33T7kuQmpqnP5HoOUicFhuIhrcXcyaZJzHJrYaLibPCZSRQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><a style="" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487052&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=663a33a0340c0fd6fc66a54b63f2ff0c&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="2024年软件工程顶会Fuzz论文汇总" data-itemshowtype="0" target="_blank" linktype="text" data-linktype="2">2024年软件工程顶会Fuzz论文汇总</a></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><a style="" 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      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Mar 2025 14:46:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>2024年软件工程顶会Fuzz论文汇总</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247487052&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=663a33a0340c0fd6fc66a54b63f2ff0c</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-02-26 16:14</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p></p>



<p>
<img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f1d1ce59&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRlqTsQsWYHawwgpiaf77QOqAicOdWqIIictglicia5n86z7twOicsr2D1HLWANGZTib6VRsGpC9u1Zhviah4GQ%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/>
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<section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003299" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3b8ea56d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811IVGU202DKZXWTTkNyjjDnLIWX8ma5yd6GGIsTElWPEwe9GtiasOXmGQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">软件工程领域顶会也涌现了许多fuzz方面的论文，其论文的创新性，质量与技术覆盖面不次于安全领域顶会。小编将2024年软工领域顶会中与fuzz技术相关的论文统计出来以供大家查阅，此次汇总涉及ICSE, ASE, FSE, ISSTA, OOPSLA五项会议。小编还将此次分享的论文在研究方向上进行了分类，以供大家参考。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;min-width: 5%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(49, 79, 255) 6px 6px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><h1 style="visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">ICSE</span></strong></h1></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003297" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5356955b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tVicJqX3mr1pDLbKnWwU3Gf9KRP8PvqKOtv8uFv9Iy2E9pNl6v6lk3g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span leaf="">EDEFuzz: A Web API Fuzzer for Excessive Data Exposures</span></strong></p><h2 style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: &#34;等线 Light&#34;;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Lianglu Pan; Shaanan Cohney; Toby Murray; Van-Thuan Pham</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">API模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003296" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">API经常向客户端应用程序传输比需要的更多数据，在Web应用程序中，通常是通过公共通道进行的。这一问题被称为过度数据暴露（Excessive Data Exposure，EDE），是2019年OWASP排名第三的重要API漏洞。然而，研究和工业界缺乏有效的自动化工具来发现和修复此类问题，这也不足为奇，因为这个问题没有明确的测试标准：该漏洞不会通过明显的异常行为（例如程序崩溃或内存访问违规）表现出来。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种形态变换关系来解决这一挑战，并构建了第一个模糊测试工具——我们称之为EDEFuzz——用于系统地检测EDE漏洞。EDEFuzz能显著减少在手动检查和临时文本匹配技术中出现的假阴性，这些方法是当前最常用的检测方式。我们在Alexa前200名中的69个适用目标上测试了EDEFuzz，发现了33,365个潜在的泄露，证明了我们工具的广泛适用性和可扩展性。在一个更为严格的实验中，我们对澳大利亚的八个流行网站进行了测试，EDEFuzz以98.65%的高真阳性率、最小的配置需求，展示了其准确性和高效性。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003301" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8388e1c8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tBCuu1eXOKCX67skCHmGSps0mibFbx89M4SAtOjygdE78CicXX3RkZdQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">ECFuzz: Effective Configuration Fuzzing for Large-Scale Systems</span></span><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="6 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Junqiang Li; Senyi Li; Keyao Li; Falin Luo; Hongfang Yu; Shanshan Li; Xiang Li</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; </span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">National University of Defense Technology, Hunan, China; </span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Information System Security, Beijing, China; </span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">大规模系统模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003300" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">大规模系统由于其大量的配置参数，包含了巨大的配置空间。这导致在探索配置空间时，配置参数之间会产生组合爆炸。现有的配置测试技术首先通过模糊测试生成不同的配置参数，然后将这些配置参数直接注入待测试程序中，以查找由配置引发的bug。然而，这些方法并未充分考虑大规模系统的复杂性，导致测试效果较低。本文提出了ECFuzz，一个有效的配置模糊测试工具，专为大规模系统设计。我们的核心方法包括：（i）多维配置生成策略。ECFuzz根据不同的依赖关系设计不同的变异策略，并从候选配置参数中选择多个配置参数，来有效地生成配置参数；（ii）面向单元测试的配置验证策略。ECFuzz将单元测试引入配置测试技术，在执行系统测试之前过滤掉不太可能引发错误的配置参数，并有效地验证生成的配置参数。我们在包括HCommon、HDFS、HBase、ZooKeeper和Alluxio等现实世界的大规模系统中进行了广泛的实验。评估结果表明，ECFuzz在发现由配置引发的崩溃bug方面非常有效。与最先进的配置测试工具（如ConfTest、ConfErr和ConfDiagDetector）相比，ECFuzz在注入相同的1000个测试用例时，发现了60.3%-67%的更多意外故障，且效率提升了1.87到2.63倍。此外，ECFuzz还暴露了14个先前未知的bug，其中5个已被确认。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003302" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1e84a2b3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811skRyYkedXJMEUcRhlSty1WkUuzxg8ibojJp1icjNm7Nib4KwdhSIC3ckQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">FuzzSlice: Pruning False Positives in Static Analysis Warnings through Function-Level Fuzzing</span></span></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Aniruddhan Murali; Noble Saji Mathews; Mahmoud Alfadel; Meiyappan Nagappan; Meng Xu</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">模糊测试辅助静态分析</span></font></font></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003304" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align:middle;width:100%;" data-backw="578" data-backh="49" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">手动确认静态分析报告是一个艰巨的任务。因为警告数量庞大，并且其中的假阳性比例很高。已经有模糊测试技术被提出，用于验证静态分析警告。然而，一个主要的限制是，对整个项目进行模糊测试以覆盖所有静态分析警告是不现实的。这可能需要几天甚至更多的机器时间来增加代码覆盖率。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">因此，我们提出了FuzzSlice，这是一个新颖的框架，可以自动修剪静态分析警告中的可能假阳性。与以前的工作主要集中在确认静态分析警告中的真阳性（这不可避免地需要端到端的模糊测试）不同，FuzzSlice专注于排除潜在的假阳性，这些假阳性在静态分析报告中占了大多数。我们工作的关键见解是，如果在给定时间预算内，在函数级别进行模糊测试时没有产生崩溃，那么该警告可能是一个假阳性。为实现这一目标，FuzzSlice首先生成函数级别的可编译代码切片。然后，FuzzSlice对这些代码切片进行模糊测试，而不是对整个二进制文件进行模糊测试，从而修剪掉可能的假阳性。FuzzSlice也不太可能错误地将真实的bug归类为假阳性，因为崩溃输入也可以在函数级别通过模糊测试重现。我们在Juliet合成数据集和真实世界的复杂C项目（包括openssl、tmux和openssh-portable）上评估了FuzzSlice。我们的评估显示，Juliet数据集中的真值包含864个假阳性，而FuzzSlice成功检测出了所有这些假阳性。对于这些开源代码库，我们能够让其中两个库的开发者独立标注这些警告。FuzzSlice自动识别了这两个库中开发者确认的53个假阳性中的33个。这意味着，FuzzSlice可以在开源代码库中减少62.26%的假阳性，在Juliet数据集中则可以100%减少假阳性。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003303" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=94ee63a9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8118XUE9SI33jsGZh0VtwPiaHYntlQIkvYh6TmZupLEia7ibVsVn1uXPibCEw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">SpecBCFuzz: Fuzzing LTL Solvers with Boundary Conditions</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Luiz Carvalho; Renzo Degiovanni; Maxime Cordy; Nazareno Aguirre; Yves Le Traon; Mike Papadakis</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; </span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and CONICET, Argentina</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">LTL模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003307" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">本文提出了SpecBCFuzz，一种针对LTL求解器的模糊测试方法，旨在通过边界条件（BCs）来发现LTL求解器中的bug。边界条件是那些其（不）可满足性依赖于稀有轨迹的极端情况。SpecBCFuzz实现了一种基于搜索的算法，在测试LTL公式时赋予边界条件更高的权重。它结合了语法和语义相似度度量，探索与边界条件相关的公式周围的领域。我们在21种不同的配置（包括最新和过去的版本）下，对四个成熟的、最先进的LTL求解器（NuSMV、Black、Aalta和PLTL）进行了评估，这些求解器实现了多种满足性算法。SpecBCFuzz生成了368,716个触发bug的公式，在我们研究的21种求解器配置中，发现了18种bug。总体而言，SpecBCFuzz揭示了：在Aalta和PLTL中的健壮性问题（求解器给出的错误答案）；在NuSMV、Black和Aalta中的崩溃问题（如段错误）；在NuSMV和Aalta中的不稳定行为（在相同公式下求解器的不同响应）；在Black、Aalta和PLTL中的性能问题（同一公式下求解器不同版本之间的性能大幅下降）；以及在所有版本的NuSMV BDD中没有发现bug，表明后者目前是最稳健的求解器。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003308" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8b40dbd0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811QxdhvzWfib0wic7MzhaiaPiavNqibDLRRSJJv1cbcgYF8PjHwDwfHXMeklA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">RPG: Rust Library Fuzzing with Pool-based Fuzz Target Generation and Generic Support</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Zhiwu Xu; Bohao Wu; Cheng Wen; Bin Zhang; Shengchao Qin; Mengda He</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">CSSE, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou, China;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Fermat Labs, Huawei, Hong Kong, China</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">Rust库模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003305" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">Rust库在Rust基础的软件开发中无处不在。确保其正确性和可靠性需要进行彻底的分析和测试。模糊测试是一种流行的bug发现解决方案，但它需要为库编写模糊测试目标。最近，一些自动生成模糊测试目标的方法已经被提出。然而，仍然存在两个挑战：（1）如何生成多样的API序列，优先考虑不安全代码和交互，以揭示Rust库中的bug；（2）如何为泛型API提供支持，并验证模糊测试目标的语法和语义有效性，以进行更全面的Rust库测试。在本文中，我们提出了RPG，一种支持Rust库模糊测试的自动模糊测试目标合成技术。RPG使用基于池的搜索来生成多样化的不安全API序列，并合成具有泛型支持和有效性检查的模糊测试目标。实验结果表明，RPG通过基于池的生成和泛型支持，在生成的模糊测试目标质量和bug发现能力上都得到了显著提升，远远超出了现有的最先进技术。此外，RPG还从50个知名的Rust库中发现了25个先前未知的bug，这些库可以在Crates.io上找到。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003309" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0b7096ea&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811p85KfQkrwFb4c7Ocr39WUlDETJQM6OwzFbQaIFia2ibWYvoh6eMS8pvA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">Fuzz4All: Universal Fuzzing with Large Language Models</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Chunqiu Steven Xia; Matteo Paltenghi; Jia Le Tian; Michael Pradel; Lingming Zhang</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">编译器模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003306" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">模糊测试在发现各种软件系统中的bug和漏洞方面取得了巨大的成功。特别是那些接受编程语言或形式语言作为输入的系统，例如编译器、运行时引擎、约束求解器和具有可访问API的软件库，在软件开发中是至关重要的基础构建模块。然而，现有的模糊测试工具通常只针对特定语言，因此无法轻松应用于其他语言或相同语言的不同版本。此外，现有的模糊测试工具生成的输入通常仅限于输入语言的特定功能，因此很难揭示与其他或新功能相关的bug。本文提出了Fuzz4All，这是第一个在多个输入语言和这些语言的多个特性方面具有通用性的模糊测试工具。Fuzz4All的核心思想是利用大语言模型（LLM）作为输入生成和变异引擎，使得该方法能够为任何实际相关的语言生成多样且逼真的输入。为了实现这一潜力，我们提出了一种新颖的自动提示技术，它创建了适合模糊测试的LLM提示，并设计了一种新型的LLM驱动模糊测试循环，它通过迭代更新提示来创建新的模糊测试输入。我们在九个系统上评估了Fuzz4All，这些系统分别接受六种不同语言（C、C++、Go、SMT2、Java和Python）作为输入。评估结果表明，在所有六种语言中，通用模糊测试的覆盖率优于现有的特定语言模糊测试工具。此外，Fuzz4All在广泛使用的系统中发现了98个bug，如GCC、Clang、Z3、CVC5、OpenJDK和Qiskit量子计算平台，其中64个bug已被开发者确认是之前未知的。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003314" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bdf75006&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811E61bmUUeb5RcZoS3P2uML4CuZLLMpaKkUWe8AxP5uodu6jLy9BfI0g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><strong><span leaf="">Are We There Yet? Unraveling the State-of-the-Art Smart Contract Fuzzers</span></strong></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Shuohan Wu; Zihao Li; Luyi Yan; Weimin Chen; Muhui Jiang; Chenxu Wang; Xiapu Luo; Hao Zhou</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Xi’ an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, China;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">智能合约模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003313" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">随着智能合约在各种应用中的重要性不断增长，确保其安全性和可靠性变得至关重要。模糊测试作为一种有效的漏洞检测技术，近年来已广泛应用于智能合约。尽管已有许多研究，但关于智能合约模糊测试技术的系统性调查仍然缺乏。本文通过以下两方面填补了这一空白：（1）提供了关于当前合约模糊测试研究的全面回顾；（2）进行了一项深入的实证研究，评估了最先进的合约模糊测试工具的可用性。为了确保评估的公正性，我们使用了精心标注的基准数据集，并引入了一套务实的性能指标，从五个互补的角度对模糊测试工具进行了评估。根据我们的发现，我们为未来智能合约模糊测试工具的研究和开发提供了方向。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003311" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6d1ea870&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811gAKicbkIKwO6PGtNEO8EBeh8hGibceg29vBgSm7JUGIdk8fmTmxg8ehQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">Crossover in Parametric Fuzzing</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Katherine Hough; Jonathan Bell</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Northeastern University, Boston, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">参数化模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003310" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">参数化模糊测试（Parametric fuzzing）通过结合进化式和生成式模糊测试方式来创建结构化的测试输入，从而触发独特的执行行为。参数化模糊测试器在内部将输入表示为位字符串，称为“参数序列”。模糊测试器会保存具有测试价值的参数序列，并对其进行扰动来生成新的输入，这无需依赖特定类型的操作符。然而，现有的参数化模糊测试方法仅使用变异操作符，即仅修改单个输入，但并未引入交叉操作符——一种将多个输入特性结合起来的进化式操作符。交叉操作符的目标是合并多个输入的优势特征，但参数化模糊测试的特性限制了传统交叉操作符的有效性。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">在本文中，我们提出了一种链接交叉方法，该方法利用动态执行信息来识别并交换参数序列中的对应部分。我们针对 Java 语言实现了链接交叉，并评估了该方法在保留输入优势特性的能力。同时，我们在七个真实的 Java 项目上测试了链接交叉对模糊测试性能的影响。实验结果表明，在长时间和短时间的模糊测试任务中，链接交叉的表现始终与三种最先进的参数化模糊测试方法及两种其他交叉方法相当，甚至优于它们。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003312" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c90cd961&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811JB5iauQlYTNicibLxIhsEaE8QLYfNpMOhN8sJAslibxXMZ4jEvzeiaPcUbg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">FuzzInMem: Fuzzing Programs via In-memory Structures</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Xuwei Liu; Wei You; Yepeng Ye; Zhuo Zhang; Jianjun Huang; Xiangyu Zhang</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Renmin University of China, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">模糊测试变异方法</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003315" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">近年来，基于覆盖率的灰盒模糊测试已被证明是一种有效且实用的技术，可用于发现软件漏洞。AFL的出现推动了模糊测试领域在克服各种挑战方面的诸多进展。然而，针对复杂文件格式（如PDF）的变异问题仍未解决，因为这些格式具有严格的格式要求。现有的模糊测试工具通常生成的变异文件无法被目标应用正确解析，这个问题的主要原因是由于它们主要对输入文件执行位/字节级的变异。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">根据我们的观察，大多数文件格式在内存中的表示形式较为简单，而设计良好的应用程序通常具备打印（printer）功能，可以将这些结构输出为文件。因此，我们提出了一种新的技术，该技术直接对输入的内存结构进行变异，并利用打印函数重新生成变异后的文件。与以往需要复杂分析来学习文件格式约束的方法不同，我们的方法借助打印函数来自动保持格式的正确。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">我们实现了一个原型系统FuzzInMem，并将其与AFL以及其他最新的模糊测试工具（包括AFL++、Mopt、Weizz和FormatFuzzer）进行对比。实验结果表明，FuzzInMem具有良好的可扩展性，在有效种子生成和路径覆盖率方面显著优于通用模糊测试工具。通过将FuzzInMem应用于实际应用，我们发现了29个独特的漏洞，并获得了5个CVE编号。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003319" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f3323552&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811WZ7BeOWXC8S4cG6pyUj7oSj7bDdsP1sTrr8cJrVmuwzdZJ1JqYGXWQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><strong><span leaf="">Extrapolating Coverage Rate in Greybox Fuzzing</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Danushka Liyanage; Seongmin Lee; Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn; Marcel Böhme</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span><span leaf="">MPI-SP, Shanghai, China;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">模糊测试进程终止条件预测</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003317" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">模糊测试工具理论上可以无限运行。然而，随着资源投入的增加，其覆盖率会持续下降，导致模糊测试的能效比降低。为了解决覆盖率与资源消耗之间的平衡问题，我们可以引入一个策略：当覆盖率下降到某个阈值以下时（例如,每15分钟新增覆盖10条分支），就终止测试。在测试过程中，我们能否预测未来某个时间点的覆盖率？如果可以，预测的准确度会如何随预测范围或当前测试时长的增加而变化？此外，我们如何应对灰盒模糊测试中的自适应偏差 这一统计挑战？（即样本数据不是独立同分布的）。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">在本文中，我们进行了以下工作：（i）评估现有的统计技术，以预测测试进行到某个时间点后k个时间单位的覆盖率U(t0+k)（ii）开发了一种新的外推（extrapolation）方法来应对自适应偏差。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">我们提出了一种高效的方法：利用已收集的覆盖数据，大量模拟黑盒测试，并估计这些黑盒测试的覆盖率，然后进行简单的回归分析，以外推灰盒测试的覆盖率。我们的实验评估基于Fuzztastic模糊测试基准。结果表明，与现有方法相比，我们的外推方法在5个实验对象中的4个上，预测误差至少降低了一个数量级。特别是，与当前的外推方法相比，我们的模型在长期预测（例如预测时长达到当前测试时间的3倍）方面表现尤为优越。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003316" class="rich_pages 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62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Jingzhou Fu; Jie Liang; Zhiyong Wu; Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">数据库模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003318" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">高效的数据库管理系统（DBMS）模糊测试 依赖于高质量的初始种子，这些种子作为变异的起点。理想情况下，初始种子应当涵盖各种DBMS特性，以便充分探索其状态空间。然而，尽管内置测试用例通常被用作初始种子，许多DBMS缺乏完整的测试用例，这导致了当前的DBMS模糊测试难以直接应用最先进的模糊测试技术。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">为了解决这一问题，我们提出了Sedar，它通过迁移其他DBMS的测试用例，为目标DBMS生成初始种子。我们的核心观念是：许多DBMS具有相似的功能，因此，在一个DBMS上能够深入执行路径的种子可以适配到其他DBMS。关键挑战在于：如何将这些种子转换为目标DBMS语法支持的格式。Sedar 通过三步流程生成种子：执行现有 SQL 测试用例，在其原生 DBMS 上运行，并在执行过程中捕获数据库的模式信息。利用大语言模型结合捕获的模式信息，基于 LLM 反馈生成新的测试用例。确保测试用例可以被模糊测试工具正确解析和变异，Sedar 临时注释（comment out）无法解析的部分，在变异完成后再取消注释（uncomment）。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">我们将Sedar集成到Sqirrel和Griffin这两个DBMS模糊测试工具中，并针对Virtuoso、MonetDB、DuckDB和ClickHouse进行了测试。评估结果表明，Sedar显著提升了模糊测试工具的表现：与不使用迁移种子的Sqirrel和Griffin相比，代码覆盖率提升了72.46%-214.84%和21.40%-194.46%。与使用目标DBMS原生测试用例作为初始种子的Sqirrel和Griffin相比，Sedar迁移的种子进一步提升了代码覆盖率4.90%-16.20%和9.73%-28.41%。此外，Sedar发现了70个新漏洞，其中60个Sedar迁移种子所独有的，其中19个漏洞已被分配CVE编号。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><section style="padding: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;min-width: 5%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(49, 79, 255) 6px 6px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><h1 style="visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">ISSTA</span></strong></h1></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003326" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5356955b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tVicJqX3mr1pDLbKnWwU3Gf9KRP8PvqKOtv8uFv9Iy2E9pNl6v6lk3g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">Enhancing ROS System Fuzzing through Callback Tracing</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Yuheng Shen; Jianzhong Liu; Yiru Xu; Hao Sun; Mingzhe Wang; Nan Guan</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span><span leaf="">City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span><span leaf="">Central South University, Changsha, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">机器人操作系统模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003325" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">机器人操作系统2（ROS 2）是当前机器人软件开发的事实标准，广泛应用于各类重要的安全领域。尽管已有诸多测试方面的努力，致力于提高ROS代码库的安全性，但现有的测试方法往往难以捕捉ROS部署中的复杂且具备状态性的行为，从而限制了测试的有效性。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">在本文中，我们提出了一种对于ROS系统模糊测试工具——R2D2，它利用ROS运行时状态作为引导，以提高模糊测试的有效性和效率。不同于传统的模糊测试工具，R2D2采用了一种系统化的插桩策略，用于捕获系统的运行时行为，并实时分析当前系统状态。这种方法能够提供对系统行为的更深入理解，进而帮助探索ROS庞大的状态空间。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">为了评估R2D2的性能，我们将其应用于四个知名的ROS应用。实验结果表明，R2D2相比最先进的ROS模糊测试工具（如Ros2Fuzz和RoboFuzz）在代码覆盖率方面分别提升了3.91倍和2.56倍，同时发现了39个此前未知的漏洞，其中6个漏洞已在ROS运行时和ROS应用中被修复。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">在运行时开销方面，R2D2的平均执行时间开销仅增加10.4%，内存使用开销仅增加1.0%，这表明R2D2在ROS测试中兼具高效性和实用性。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003331" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8388e1c8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tBCuu1eXOKCX67skCHmGSps0mibFbx89M4SAtOjygdE78CicXX3RkZdQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">Atlas: Automating Cross-Language Fuzzing on Android Closed-Source Libraries</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Hao Xiong; Qinming Dai; Rui Chang; Mingran Qiu; Renxiang Wang; Wenbo Shen; Yajin Zhou</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">Android模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003330" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">模糊测试是检测软件安全漏洞的有效方法，在Android领域已经有许多高效的模糊测试研究。研究人员已经开发了针对开源本地API和Java接口的模糊测试方法，并在真实的Android设备上进行测试。然而，针对Android封闭源代码的本地库的自动化模糊测试，尤其是在模拟器上，仍然缺乏深入研究。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">这一问题主要面临两个核心挑战：Android采用多语言编程模型，这导致调用关系十分复杂。模拟器缺乏Java运行时环境，使得在其中运行模糊测试变得困难。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了Atlas——一个针对Android封闭源代码本地库的实用自动化模糊测试框架。Atlas 主要由自动化harness生成器和模糊测试器组成，具备完整的运行时环境。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">自动化测试桩生成器利用静态分析技术，通过分析“本地世界”（native world）和“Java 世界”（Java world）中的信息，推导出本地API的正确调用顺序和参数。为了提高测试桩的实用性，Atlas采用启发式优化（heuristic optimization）策略对生成的测试桩进行改进。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">模糊测试器在模拟器中提供必要的Java运行时环境，使得可以在多核服务器上对Android 封闭源代码的本地库进行模糊测试。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">我们使用Atlas测试了来自4家Android厂商的17款预装应用。实验结果表明：Atlas共生成了820个harness，涉及767个本地API，其中78% 具有实际可用性。Atlas发现了74个新的安全漏洞，其中16个漏洞已被分配CVE编号。实验结果表明，Atlas能够高效生成高质量的harness，并有效发现安全漏洞，为Android封闭源代码的安全测试提供了一种实用的解决方案。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003332" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1e84a2b3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811skRyYkedXJMEUcRhlSty1WkUuzxg8ibojJp1icjNm7Nib4KwdhSIC3ckQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">Sleuth: A Switchable Dual-Mode Fuzzer to Investigate Bug Impacts Following a Single PoC</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Haolai Wei; Liwei Chen; Zhijie Zhang; Gang Shi; Dan Meng</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">通过fuzz探寻漏洞影响</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003333" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">概念验证（PoC）对于精准定位软件中的漏洞至关重要。然而，仅依赖 PoC 进行漏洞的及时和完整修复是不充分的，因为它会低估了漏洞影响。漏洞影响反映了一个漏洞可能会在多个位置被触发，并由此产生不同类型的漏洞（例如 Use-After-Free、堆缓冲区溢出）。当前技术通过采用基于覆盖率引导的模糊测试方法来发现漏洞影响，即为覆盖漏洞代码区域的种子分配更多能量。这种方法可以利用单个PoC在短时间内生成多个具有不同漏洞影响的PoC。然而，我们发现现有技术仍然不够可靠，主要原因在于它们未能平衡深入探索和广度探索之间的时间分配：(i) 针对崩溃区域背后的漏洞影响进行深入探索，以及 (ii) 针对尚未到达的区域的漏洞影响进行广度探索。当前技术要么仅关注一种探索方式，要么将两种探索方式分开进行，从而导致准确性和效率低下。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf="">  </span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">针对上述问题，我们提出了Sleuth，这是一种能够自动分析漏洞影响的技术，它基于已知的单个PoC来增强漏洞修复能力。Sleuth依赖两个创新概念：(i) 基于模糊测试的双模式探索机制，旨在高效地进行深入和广度探索；(ii) 连接双模式探索的动态切换策略，以提高漏洞影响分析的可靠性。我们使用50个已知的CVE进行评估，实验结果表明，Sleuth能够在86%的CVE中高效发现新的漏洞影响，是当前最先进的工具的1.5倍。此外，Sleuth还成功利用生成的新PoC识别出13处不完整的漏洞修复。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003334" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=94ee63a9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8118XUE9SI33jsGZh0VtwPiaHYntlQIkvYh6TmZupLEia7ibVsVn1uXPibCEw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><strong><span leaf="">Midas: Mining Profitable Exploits in On-Chain Smart Contracts via Feedback-Driven Fuzzing and Differential Analysis</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Mingxi Ye; Xingwei Lin; Yuhong Nan; Jiajing Wu; Zibin Zheng</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">智能合约模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003339" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">在提升智能合约应用的背景下，优先考虑其安全性变得至关重要。智能合约的漏洞往往会导致巨大的财务损失。因此，确保其安全性绝非易事。大多数智能合约攻击的目标不是导致程序崩溃，而是引发经济损失，这类攻击被称为“有利可图的漏洞利用”。通过构造看似无害的输入，有利可图的漏洞利用试图获取额外利益或破坏他人的利益。然而，由于链上智能合约调用链的复杂性以及对有效预言机的需求，智能合约模糊测试在发现有利可图的漏洞利用时效率低下、效果不佳。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">本文中，我们提出了Midas，一个新型的反馈驱动模糊测试框架，用于高效地挖掘链上智能合约中的有利可图的漏洞。Midas由两个模块组成：多样化有效性模糊测试和有利交易识别。多样化有效性模糊测试模块采用两个关键点来高效生成有效交易，从而解决链上智能合约调用链的复杂性问题。有效交易识别模块通过差异分析有效识别有利可图的利用，解决了临时预言机的局限性。对Midas在链上智能合约中的评估表明，它以80%的精准度有效识别了40个现实世界的漏洞，且在效率和效果上均优于现有的最先进工具（如ItyFuzz和Slither）。特别是，Midas成功发现了五个未知的漏洞，这些漏洞存在于有价值的智能合约中，其中两个漏洞已经被DApp开发者确认。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003337" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8b40dbd0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811QxdhvzWfib0wic7MzhaiaPiavNqibDLRRSJJv1cbcgYF8PjHwDwfHXMeklA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span leaf="">DDGF: Dynamic Directed Greybox Fuzzing with Path Profiling</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Haoran Fang; Kaikai Zhang; Donghui Yu; Yuanyuan Zhang</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">, </span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Shanghai</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">定向模糊测试</span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003336" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">覆盖引导模糊测试（CGF）已成为最流行且有效的漏洞检测方法。它通常被设计为一种自动化的“黑盒”工具。安全审计员启动它后，只需等待结果。然而，在经过一段时间的测试后，CGF逐渐难以找到新的覆盖路径，从而使其效率降低。用户很难解释是什么原因导致模糊测试无法进一步进展，也难以判断现有的覆盖范围是否足够。此外，也没有办法与模糊测试过程进行交互和引导。</span></p><section><span leaf="" style=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="">在本文中，我们设计了动态定向灰箱模糊测试（DDGF），以促进用户与模糊测试器之间的协作。通过利用Ball-Larus路径分析算法，我们提出了两种新技术：动态内省和动态定向。动态内省通过编码和解码揭示了路径频率分布中的显著不平衡。基于内省得到的洞察，用户可以实时动态引导模糊测试器将测试集中在选定的路径上。我们基于AFL++实现了DDGF。在Magma上的实验表明，DDGF能有效帮助模糊测试器更快地重现漏洞，提升速度高达100倍，并且性能开销仅为13%。DDGF展示了人为参与对模糊测试的巨大潜力。</span></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003309" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0b7096ea&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811p85KfQkrwFb4c7Ocr39WUlDETJQM6OwzFbQaIFia2ibWYvoh6eMS8pvA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">Wapplique: Testing WebAssembly Runtime via Execution Context-Aware Bytecode Mutation</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Wenxuan Zhao; Ruiying Zeng; Yangfan Zhou</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Fudan University, Shanghai, China</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">Wasm runtime模糊测试<img data-imgfileid="100003336" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style=""><span leaf="">Wasm runtime的可靠性是首要关注点。本文研究了如何对Wasm runtime的可靠性进行测试，并提出了Wapplique，首个基于Wasm字节码变异的模糊测试工具。Wapplique通过专门为Wasm设计的代码片段替代方法解决了生成测试用例时的多样性/效率困境。具体而言，Wapplique通过将来自真实世界程序的代码片段应用到种子程序中，以增强种子的多样性。通过我们设计的复杂代码分析算法，Wapplique还保证了生成程序的有效性。这使得Wapplique能够生成大量有效且多样的Wasm程序作为测试用例，从而有效地测试目标Wasm runtime。我们对四个流行的真实世界案例的测试表明，Wapplique能够高效生成测试用例，实现高覆盖率，同时发现了20个之前未知的漏洞。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bdf75006&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811E61bmUUeb5RcZoS3P2uML4CuZLLMpaKkUWe8AxP5uodu6jLy9BfI0g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Dance of the ADS: Orchestrating Failures through Historically-Informed Scenario Fuzzing</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tong Wang; Taotao Gu; Huan Deng; Hu Li; Xiaohui Kuang; Gang Zhao</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">自动驾驶系统模糊测试<img data-imgfileid="100003336" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></font></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 3 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style=""><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">随着自动驾驶系统向更高水平的自主性发展，其安全验证变得越来越复杂。本文介绍了ScenarioFuzz，一种开创性的基于场景的模糊测试方法。ScenarioFuzz被设计为一位能够理解过去表现的编排者，在没有预定义场景的情况下，揭示ADS中的漏洞。通过利用地图道路网络（如OPENDRIVE），我们提取关键数据，形成一个基础的场景种子语料库。这个语料库经过相关信息的丰富，提供了在没有起始场景的情况下进行模糊测试所需的边界。我们的方法集成了专门的变异器和变异技术，并与图神经网络模型相结合，预测并过滤出高风险的场景种子，利用历史测试数据优化模糊测试过程。与其他方法相比，我们的方法将时间成本平均降低了60.3%，而单位时间发现的错误场景数量增加了103%。此外，我们提出了一种自监督碰撞轨迹聚类方法，帮助识别和总结出54种容易引发ADS故障的高风险场景类别。我们的实验成功地在六个测试系统中发现了58个漏洞，突显了ADS的关键安全问题。</span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6d1ea870&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811gAKicbkIKwO6PGtNEO8EBeh8hGibceg29vBgSm7JUGIdk8fmTmxg8ehQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></strong></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">AsFuzzer: Differential Testing of Assemblers with Error-Driven Grammar Inference</span></strong><span leaf=""><br/></span></strong></p></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Hyungseok Kim; Soomin Kim; Jungwoo Lee; Sang Kil Cha</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">The Affiliated Institute of ETRI, Daejeon, South Korea;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span><span leaf="">KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">汇编器模糊测试</span></font></font></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">汇编器是编译器工具链中的一个关键组件，但其测试程度远低于其他组件。不幸的是，当前基于语法的模糊测试技术在测试汇编器时面临几个挑战。首先，每个不同的汇编器接受不同的语法规则和语法结构，并且没有现成的汇编语法规范。其次，并非所有的汇编器都是开源的，这使得从源代码中提取语法规则变得困难。虽然现有的黑盒语法推断方法可以应用于这类闭源汇编器，但存在可扩展性问题，导致在测试汇编器时并不实用。为了解决这些挑战，我们提出了一种新颖的方式，通过仅对目标汇编器进行少量查询，利用其错误信息自动推断汇编器的语法规则。关键在于，汇编错误信息通常包含有助于推断底层语法规则的有用信息。我们将这一技术实现为一个名为AsFuzzer的工具，并在包括Clang集成汇编器（Clang）、GNU汇编器（GAS）、Intel汇编器（ICC）和Microsoft宏汇编器（MASM）在内的四个真实世界的汇编器上进行了评估。通过AsFuzzer，我们成功地发现了六种流行架构的497个有问题的指令操作码，并已将其报告给开发人员。</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section><p><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c90cd961&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811JB5iauQlYTNicibLxIhsEaE8QLYfNpMOhN8sJAslibxXMZ4jEvzeiaPcUbg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">FRIES: Fuzzing Rust Library Interactions via Efficient Ecosystem-Guided Target Generation</span></span></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="8 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Xizhe Yin; Yang Feng; Qingkai Shi; Zixi Liu; Hongwang Liu; Bao wen Xu</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Nanjing University, Nanjing, China</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">Rust API模糊测试</span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Rust因其内存安全机制和逐渐成熟的生态系统，在过去几十年中被广泛应用于软件开发。提高Rust库的质量对Rust生态系统至关重要，因为这些Rust库通常是软件系统的核心组件。然而，我们观察到现有的方法在测试Rust API交互方面存在不足——要么缺乏符合Rust所有权机制的API测试方法，要么无法处理函数依赖的大规模搜索空间，或者受限于预选的代码库，导致寻找错误的效率低下。</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种模糊测试技术——FRIES，能够高效地合成和测试复杂的API交互，以识别Rust库中的缺陷，从而大大提高Rust库的质量。我们方法的核心技术是遍历一个加权的API依赖图，该图不仅编码了函数之间的语法依赖关系，还包含了从Rust生态系统中挖掘出反应程序员思维的常见使用模式。结合我们高效的生成算法，这种图结构大大减少了搜索空间，使我们能够专注于在常见应用场景中发现隐藏的bug。同时，我们专门设计了一种所有权保证算法，以确保生成的Rust程序的有效性，显著提高了模糊测试目标编译成功的概率。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">实验结果表明，这项技术能够在最小的计算资源下生成高质量的模糊测试目标，同时更高效地发现对实际开发具有更大影响的错误，从而减轻了对Rust生态系统中程序健壮性的影响。迄今为止，FRIES已经在20个知名的Rust库的最新版本中发现了130个bug，其中84个是之前未知的，已确认的有54个。</span></span></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f3323552&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811WZ7BeOWXC8S4cG6pyUj7oSj7bDdsP1sTrr8cJrVmuwzdZJ1JqYGXWQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></strong></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Tacoma: Enhanced Browser Fuzzing with Fine-Grained Semantic Alignment</span></strong></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Jiashui Wang; Peng Qian; Xilin Huang; Xinlei Ying; Yan Chen; Shouling Ji; Jianhai Chen; Jundong Xie; Long Liu</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Ant Group, Hangzhou, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">Web 浏览器模糊测试</span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">浏览器负责管理和解释来自网络的多种数据。尽管开发者已经做出了很多努力，但要完全消除这类复杂软件中的潜在漏洞几乎是不可能的。尽管已经提出了一系列模糊测试技术来检测浏览器中的缺陷，但它们仍然面临生成的测试输入语义正确性低且多样性差这一固有挑战。本文提出了Tacoma，一个专为Web浏览器量身定制的创新模糊测试框架。Tacoma包括三个主要模块：语义解析器、语义对齐器和输入生成器。通过利用细粒度的语义对齐技术，Tacoma能够生成语义正确的测试输入，从而显著提高模糊测试工具触发浏览器深层状态的概率。特别地，通过将范围感知策略整合到输入生成中，Tacoma能够处理异步代码生成，从而大大增加生成测试输入的多样性。</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">我们进行了广泛的实验，评估Tacoma在三个生产级浏览器（即Chromium、Safari和Firefox）上的表现。实验证明，Tacoma在代码覆盖率和检测唯一崩溃方面都优于现有的最先进浏览器模糊测试工具。迄今为止，Tacoma已发现32个之前未知的漏洞，其中10个已被分配CVE。值得注意的是，Tacoma揭示了Chromium中的两个漏洞，这些漏洞已经被忽视了十年之久。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d3cd96ad&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811ncUicOwVe0icEPf5oibVEX71azjUgKdZLTBGC6QQkUFIzHfuicBq0QfxFQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></strong></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">How Effective Are They? Exploring Large Language Model Based Fuzz Driver Generation.</span></strong></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Cen Zhang; Yaowen Zheng; Mingqiang Bai; Yeting Li; Wei Ma; Xiaofei Xie; Yuekang Li; Limin Sun; Yang Liu</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">CAS, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">UCAS, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">The University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">模糊测试驱动程序生成</span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊测试驱动程序对于库API模糊测试至关重要。然而，自动生成模糊测试驱动程序是一项复杂的任务，因为它要求创建高质量、正确且稳健的API使用代码。基于大语言模型（LLM）的方法来生成模糊测试驱动程序是一个有前景的研究领域。与传统的基于程序分析的生成器不同，这种基于文本的方法更为通用，并且能够利用各种API使用信息，从而生成对人类读者友好的代码。然而，关于这一方向的基本问题仍然缺乏深入的理解，例如其有效性和潜在的挑战。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><br/></span><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 为了填补这一空白，我们进行了首次深入研究，针对使用大语言模型（LLMs）生成有效模糊测试驱动程序的重要问题。我们的研究特色是一个精心策划的数据集，包含来自30个广泛使用的C项目的86个模糊测试驱动程序生成问题。设计了六种提示策略，并在五种最先进的大语言模型上进行测试，涵盖不同的温度设置。总的来说，我们的研究评估了736,430个生成的模糊测试驱动程序，消耗了8亿5千万个token（约8000美元的费用）。此外，我们将LLM生成的驱动程序与行业中使用的驱动程序进行了比较，并进行了广泛的模糊测试实验（3.75个CPU年）。我们的研究揭示了以下几点： </span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1) 虽然基于LLM的模糊测试驱动程序生成是一个有前景的方向，但它仍面临着一些向实际应用推进的障碍；</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2) LLM在为具有复杂特定要求的API生成有效的模糊测试驱动程序时遇到困难。三种具有代表性的提示策略设计选择可能会带来好处：重复查询、使用示例进行查询、以及采用迭代查询过程；</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3) 尽管LLM生成的驱动程序能够产生与行业中使用的驱动程序相当的模糊测试结果，但仍有大量的提升空间，例如扩展包含的API使用，或整合语义预言机以促进逻辑漏洞的检测。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">我们的研究成果已被应用于改进OSS-Fuzz-Gen项目，从而推动了行业中实用的模糊测试驱动程序生成。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d8e1b342&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811NLeWuJytzcrXlNb4IH8AfPsXbof7nF1vR4rVH00qliaeCIryXMOvv6w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></strong></p><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Fuzzing MLIR Compiler Infrastructure via Operation Dependency Analysis</span></strong></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Chenyao Suo; Junjie Chen; Shuang Li; Jiajun Jiang; Yingquan Zhao; Jianrong Wang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tianjin University, Tianjin, China;</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-size: 10.5pt;font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">MLIR</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">编译器模糊测试</span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">近年来，MLIR（多级中间表示）编译器基础设施在编译器领域获得了广泛的关注。它通过引入领域特定语言来适应表示中的各种抽象层次。由于它在编译器构建中的基础性作用，确保其正确性至关重要。最近，提出了一种基于语法的模糊测试技术（即MLIRSmith），并且取得了显著的效果。然而，MLIRSmith以随机的方式生成测试程序，这限制了输入空间的探索，从而限制了模糊测试的整体有效性。在本研究中，我们提出了一种新的模糊测试技术，称为MLIRod。由于在各种操作之间的复杂或不常见的数据/控制依赖关系通常有助于触发MLIR中的bug，因此该方法构建了一个MLIR程序的操作依赖图，并定义了相关的操作依赖关系。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8813a7b3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811ZGIt4ZH3saafD07KdzsXaElPbgmSPtpWbCcns8mWhkmGCXfuLQs8Qg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></strong></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Prospector: Boosting Directed Greybox Fuzzing for Large-Scale Target Sets with Iterative Prioritization</span></strong></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Zhijie Zhang; Liwei Chen; Haolai Wei; Gang Shi; Dan Meng</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">CAS, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">UCAS, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">定向模糊测试</span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 6 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">定向灰盒模糊测试（DGF）是安全测试中的一种先进技术，专门设计用于引导模糊测试工具朝着软件程序中的预定目标站点进行测试。为了提高其在多个目标上的可扩展性，近期的DGF方法根据更精确的距离度量优先选择接近目标的种子，并动态丢弃已充分探索的目标，从而同时朝向所有目标进行引导。然而，并非所有目标具有相同的重要性，特别是在面对大规模目标集时。因此，目前一些盲目追踪所有目标的工作会分散计算资源，导致无法高效触发关键目标，从而降低了整体效率。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><br/></span><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文提出了Prospector，一种可以处理大规模目标集场景的新型DGF方法。Prospector采用迭代过程，专注于一组“聚焦目标”。为了动态维护这些目标，Prospector提出了一种更精细的策略，考虑了目标的脆弱模式和测试充分性。随后，Prospector通过优化探索-利用调度、种子选择和字节调度策略，进一步提升了对“聚焦目标”的模糊测试效率。我们在24个程序上评估了Prospector，将所有的sanitizer标签设置为目标。实验结果表明，Prospector在发现bug的速度上超过了AFL++、WindRanger、ParmeSan和FishFuzz，分别快了125、141、84和100个案例。在目标集最大程序组中的38个独特bug中，Prospector比其他模糊测试工具更快地重现了18个（47.37%）已存在的bug。Prospector还在4个真实世界程序中发现了6个新bug，并分配了5个CVE编号。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0158bd02&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tEMqVCU1uq500icgUm4DHV19xs62DLGREOJD6Q64zg4HnlRjtMxIwiag%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">An Empirical Examination of Fuzzer Mutator Performance</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">James Kukucka; Luís Pina; Paul Ammann; Jonathan Bell</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Northeastern University Boston, MA, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">模糊测试评估</span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在过去的十年里，数百个模糊测试工具（fuzzer）已在顶级的安全性和软件工程会议上发表。模糊测试工具用于自动化测试程序，理想情况下创建高覆盖度的输入数据集，并发现漏洞。现代的“灰盒”模糊测试工具通过对输入数据应用变异操作，逐步演化输入数据集，然后执行这些新的输入并收集覆盖信息。那些“有趣的”新输入（例如，能够揭示新覆盖度的输入）会被保存到数据集中。由于它们的非确定性特性，每个设计决策对模糊测试工具性能的影响往往难以预测。有些设计决策（例如，“模糊测试工具是否应该执行确定性的输入变异？”）以配置选项的形式暴露给终端用户，而其他一些设计决策（例如，“应用哪些种类的随机变异？”）则通常被“硬编码”到模糊测试工具的代码中。本文描述了我们对流行的AFL++模糊测试工具所使用的变异操作符集合进行的超过12.5个CPU年的评估，包括“混乱阶段”（havoc phase）、拼接（splicing）和Red Queen等操作，探索了调整这些未暴露的配置参数的影响。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><br/></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在这篇经验性论文中，我们提出了一种方法论，用于通过严格的统计方法确定不同模糊测试工具在分支覆盖度和漏洞检测方面的行为差异。我们的关键发现是，在一系列目标程序中，禁用某些变异操作符（其中一些以前是“硬编码”到模糊测试工具中的）会导致生成覆盖不同代码行的输入，并揭示不同的漏洞。一个令人惊讶的结果是，禁用某些变异器会导致更具多样性的覆盖，并使得模糊测试工具能够更快地发现更多漏洞。我们呼吁研究人员更深入地调查模糊测试工具中看似简单的设计决策，并鼓励模糊测试工具开发者向终端用户暴露更多与这些设计决策相关的配置参数。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003399" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1af7e844&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqTsQsWYHawwgpiaf77QOqAicjjd3HBUHW2LJen8ibL8RoVGK3TwqIPcxRBya4s4b4PylTpzG9BM4DFQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">Fuzzing JavaScript Interpreters with Coverage-Guided Reinforcement Learning for LLM-Based Mutation</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Jueon Eom; Seyeon Jeong; Taekyoung Kwon</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Yonsei University Seoul, South Korea;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Suresofttech Inc. Seongnam-si, South Korea;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">JavaScript</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">解释器模糊测试</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript解释器是现代Web浏览器的核心，需要有效的模糊测试方法来识别与安全相关的漏洞。然而，输入的严格语法要求带来了显著的挑战。最近将语言模型集成到模糊测试中的努力显示出潜力，但由于缺乏必要的覆盖指导，尚未完全有效。本文提出了一种新技术，称为CovRl（基于覆盖指导的强化学习），它结合了大语言模型（LLMs）与来自覆盖反馈的强化学习（RL）。我们的模糊测试工具CovRL-Fuzz通过利用词频-逆文档频率（TF-IDF）方法构建加权覆盖图，将覆盖反馈直接集成到LLM中。该覆盖图在计算模糊测试奖励时起着关键作用，然后通过强化学习应用于基于LLM的变异器。通过这种方法，CovRL-Fuzz能够生成更可能发现新覆盖区域的测试用例，从而提高漏洞检测的同时，最小化语法和语义错误，且无需额外的后处理。我们的评估结果表明，CovRL-Fuzz在增强代码覆盖度和识别JavaScript解释器中的漏洞方面，优于现有的最先进模糊测试工具：CovRL-Fuzz在最新的JavaScript解释器中识别了58个与安全相关的真实漏洞，其中包括50个此前未知的漏洞和15个CVE。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003400" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5dded34e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqTsQsWYHawwgpiaf77QOqAicyibRV078tb7vzu5iba91dM3Xd4Re0PNNibpctzlXlzZ7lZZKO0rGsDb0w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="5 14 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">Logos: Log Guided Fuzzing for Protocol Implementations</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Feifan Wu; Zhengxiong Luo; Yanyang Zhao; Qingpeng Du; Junze Yu; Ruikang Peng; Heyuan Shi; Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tsinghua University, Beijing, China</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Central South University, Changsha, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">JavaScript</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">解释器模糊测试</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">网络协议广泛应用于各种网络设备中，因此其实现的安全性至关重要。协议模糊测试已显示出在发现这些实现中的漏洞方面的潜力。然而，传统的方法通常需要对目标实现进行工具插桩，以提供指导，这种做法具有侵入性，增加了开销，并可能妨碍黑盒测试。本文提出了Logos，一种利用非侵入性运行时日志信息进行模糊测试指导的协议模糊测试工具。Logos首先对非结构化日志进行标准化，并将其嵌入到高维向量空间中进行语义表示。然后，Logos过滤语义表示，并动态维护语义覆盖度，以绘制已探索的空间，从而提供定制的指导。我们在八个广泛使用的知名协议实现上评估了Logos。结果表明，与现有的侵入性或基于专家知识的协议模糊测试工具相比，Logos在24小时内实现了26.75%-106.19%的更高分支覆盖率。此外，Logos在这些知名协议实现中发现了12个与安全相关的漏洞，其中9个漏洞已分配CVE编号。</span></span></section></section></section></section><p><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003401" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2490a1d4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqTsQsWYHawwgpiaf77QOqAicU7EQq5FoYnTxkJYJf0yPXNibUDMbTPRPqoGnxZWunHDBArhg8Ej1yvg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="5 14 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">Shaping Test Inputs in Grammar-Based Fuzzing</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 7 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">José Antonio Zamudio Amaya</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbrücken, Germany</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">模糊测试输入生成技术</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="3 5 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size:16px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊测试是发现漏洞的重要方法。传统的模糊测试可在广阔的输入空间内寻找漏洞，但它无法处理需要复杂和专门输入模式的系统。基于语法的模糊测试使用形式化语法来塑造模糊器生成的输入。这种方法对于引导模糊器生成符合语法要求的复杂输入至关重要。然而，现有方法偏重于某些输入特征，导致解空间的很大一部分未被充分开发或被忽视。在本文中，我们回顾了最先进的方法，强调了基于语法的模糊处理的局限性，并提供了将分布采样纳入模糊处理的第一种方法，以及令人鼓舞的初步发现。这项工作代表了在基于语法的模糊处理中实现全面输入空间探索的重要一步，对提高模糊目标的鲁棒性和可靠性具有重要意义。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><section style="padding: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;min-width: 5%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(49, 79, 255) 6px 6px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><h1 style="visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">OOPSLA</span></strong></h1></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003342" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5356955b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tVicJqX3mr1pDLbKnWwU3Gf9KRP8PvqKOtv8uFv9Iy2E9pNl6v6lk3g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span leaf="">WhiteFox: White-box Compiler Fuzzing Empowered by Large Language Models</span></strong></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Chenyuan Yang; Yinlin Deng; Runyu Lu; Jiayi Yao; Jiawei Liu; Reyhaneh Jabbarvand; Lingming Zhang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">白盒编译器模糊测试工具</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003340" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">编译器的正确性至关重要，因为编译错误会伪造程序行为，从而给软件供应链带来严重后果。在文献中，人们对模糊处理进行了广泛研究，以发现编译器缺陷。然而，编译器模糊处理仍然具有挑战性： 现有的解决方案侧重于黑盒和灰盒模糊，这种方法生成的测试程序无法充分了解编译器的内部行为。因此，这些方案往往无法构建测试程序来进行复杂的优化。同时，传统的白盒技术（如符号执行）在计算上无法适用于编译器系统的庞大代码库。最近的进展表明，大型语言模型（LLM）在代码生成/理解任务方面表现出色，甚至在黑盒模糊处理方面也达到了最先进的性能。然而，利用编译器源代码信息指导 LLM 仍然是编译器测试研究中的一个缺失。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf="">                                       </span></p><p style=""><span leaf="">为此，我们提出了首个白盒编译器模糊器WhiteFox，它使用带有源代码信息的 LLM 来测试编译器优化，重点是检测新兴深度学习（DL）编译器中的深度逻辑错误。WhiteFox 采用多代理框架：(i)基于LLM的分析代理检查底层优化源代码，并生成可触发优化的高层测试程序需求；(ii)基于LLM的生成代理根据汇总的需求生成测试程序。此外，触发优化的测试还被用作反馈，以进一步即时增强测试生成提示。我们在三种最流行的DL编译器（即PyTorch Inductor、TensorFlow-XLA和TensorFlow Lite）上进行的评估表明，WhiteFox可以生成高质量的测试程序，对需要复杂条件的深度优化进行练习，其优化练习次数是最先进模糊器的8倍。迄今为止，WhiteFox已为接受测试的编译器发现了101个错误，其中92个确认为以前未知，70个已经修复。值得注意的是，WhiteFox最近得到了PyTorch团队的认可，并正在被纳入其开发工作流程。最后，除DL编译器外，WhiteFox还可用于不同领域的编译器，如LLVM，WhiteFox已在LLVM中发现了多个错误。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><section style="padding: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;min-width: 5%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(49, 79, 255) 6px 6px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><h1 style="visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">FSE</span></strong></h1></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003352" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5356955b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tVicJqX3mr1pDLbKnWwU3Gf9KRP8PvqKOtv8uFv9Iy2E9pNl6v6lk3g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><strong><span leaf="">Evolutionary Generative Fuzzing for Differential Testing of the Kotlin Compiler</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Călin Georgescu; Mitchell Olsthoorn; Pouria Derakhshanfar; Marat Akhin; Annibale Panichella</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">JetBrains Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">Kotlin</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">编译器模糊测试</span></span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003357" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section><span leaf="" style="">编译器的正确性是可靠软件开发的基石。然而，考虑到可能的程序空间之大和现代编程语言之复杂，对编译器进行系统测试是不可行的。在这种情况下，渐进测试提供了一种实用的方法，因为它通过比较输入相同程序集的其他编译器的输出来解决甲骨文问题。在本文中，我们研究了延迟测试在发现JetBrains开发的Kotlin编译器中的错误方面的有效性。我们提出了一种黑盒生成方法，为K1和K2编译器创建输入程序。首先，我们建立了可行的Kotlin语义（语义接口）和语法（丰富的无上下文语法）语言特征模型，随后利用这些特征生成随机代码片段。其次，我们引入了两种遗传算法（GA）来扩展随机抽样，旨在生成更多样化的输入程序。我们的案例研究表明，所提出的方法能有效地检测出K1和K2中的错误；这些错误已得到JetBrains开发人员的确认和（部分）修正。虽然我们没有观察到不同搜索算法发现的缺陷数量有明显差异，但随机搜索和遗传算法是互补的，因为它们能发现不同类别的缺陷。最后，我们对生成的输入程序的大小、复杂性和故障检测能力之间的关系进行了深入分析。</span></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003358" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8388e1c8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tBCuu1eXOKCX67skCHmGSps0mibFbx89M4SAtOjygdE78CicXX3RkZdQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><strong><span leaf="">Dodrio: Parallelizing Taint Analysis Based Fuzzing via Redundancy-Free Scheduling</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 9 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Jie Liang; Mingzhe Wang; Chijin Zhou; Zhiyong Wu; Jianzhong Liu; Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tsinghua University</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">模糊测试的并行调度技术</span></span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003355" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">污点分析大大提高了模糊处理的能力，使其能够驾驭错综复杂的约束条件，并深入目标程序的状态空间。然而，在实际应用中，基于污点分析的模糊器采用普通并行模式，在总体吞吐量方面仍有局限性。这些限制主要源于不同模糊器实例之间的冗余污点分析和突变。在本文中，我们提出了Dodrio，这是一个基于污点分析的模糊处理并行化框架。其主要思想是通过利用实时的全局状态来均衡安排模糊任务。它由两个模块组成：实时同步和负载平衡任务调度。实时同步利用双全局覆盖位图更新所有实例的全局状态，以减少数据竞赛。根据全局状态，负载平衡任务调度会将不同的任务有效地分配给不同的实例，从而最大限度地减少冗余行为，最大限度地提高计算资源的利用率。</span></p><p style=""><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="">我们在 Google 的模糊器测试套件和FuzzBench中的实际程序上对Dodrio进行了评估，对比了AFL的经典并行模式PAFL，以及Ye&#39;s PAFL在并行化两个基于污点分析的模糊器 FairFuzz和PATA上的效果。结果表明，与其他方法相比，Dodrio在覆盖基本区块方面的平均速度提高了123%-398%。根据速度的提升，Dodrio多发现了5%-16%的基本区块。我们还评估了Dodrio的可扩展性。在资源相同的情况下，与传统并行模式相比，当并行实例数（即CPU内核数）从4个增加到64个时，覆盖率从4%提高到35%。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003356" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1e84a2b3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811skRyYkedXJMEUcRhlSty1WkUuzxg8ibojJp1icjNm7Nib4KwdhSIC3ckQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">When Fuzzing Meets LLMs: Challenges and Opportunities</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 9 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Yu Jiang; Jie Liang; Fuchen Ma; Yuanliang Chen; Chijin Zhou; Yuheng Shen; Zhiyong Wu; Jingzhou Fu; Mingzhe Wang; Shanshan Li; Quan Zhang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tsinghua University</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">NUDT, Changsha, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">综述，</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:
10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:
1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:
AR-SA;"><span leaf="">LLM-based fuzz</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">的挑战</span></span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003359" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section style="text-align: justify;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style=""><span leaf="">模糊测试（Fuzzing）是一种广泛使用的错误检测技术，它通过大型语言模型（LLM）取得了进步。尽管LLMs潜力巨大，但在模糊处理中却面临着特殊的挑战。在本文中，我们确定了LLM辅助模糊处理的五大挑战。为了支持我们的发现，我们重新研究了顶级会议的最新论文，证实这些挑战是普遍存在的。作为补救措施，我们提出了一些可行的建议，以帮助改进在模糊中应用LLM，并对DBMS模糊进行了初步评估。结果表明，我们的建议有效地解决了所发现的挑战。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><section style="padding: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;min-width: 5%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(49, 79, 255) 6px 6px 0px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><h1 style="visibility: visible;"><strong style="visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">ASE</span></strong></h1></section></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003352" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12129629629629629" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5356955b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tVicJqX3mr1pDLbKnWwU3Gf9KRP8PvqKOtv8uFv9Iy2E9pNl6v6lk3g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><strong><span leaf="">Test Case Generation for Simulink Models using Model Fuzzing and State Solving</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Zhuo Su; Zehong Yu; Dongyan Wang; Wanli Chang; Bin Gu; Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Renmin University of China, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Hunan University, Changsha, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing, China</span><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">;</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">面向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">simulink</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">的模糊测试</span></span></span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003357" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.08518518518518518" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;margin-bottom: 10px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;"><section><span leaf="" style="">Simulink在嵌入式系统建模和综合方面发挥着重要作用。为确保系统的稳定性，需要使用大量测试用例来验证模型的功能性和安全性。然而，随着需求的增加，模型的复杂性对传统测试方法提出了新的挑战。传统方法（如约束求解和随机搜索）在处理模型中复杂的分支逻辑和状态时会遇到很大的障碍。</span><section><span leaf="" style="">本文介绍了一种测试用例生成方法HybridTCG，它将Simulink模型的模型模糊和状态求解结合在一起。首先，HybridTCG启动基于代码的模糊器，快速生成高覆盖率的测试用例。然后，它对模糊器生成的测试用例进行细化，只保留那些能实现新模型覆盖率的测试用例。这些被选中的测试用例被输入到状态求解引擎，以推导出相应的状态，并解决后续分支的约束。最终，解算引擎生成的测试用例作为高质量的种子反馈回模糊器，以增强模糊过程。我们已经实现了HybridTCG，并使用各种基准Simulink模型进行了综合评估。与内置的 Simulink设计验证器以及最先进的学术成果SimCoTest和STCG相比，HybridTCG在决策覆盖率方面分别平均提高了54%、108%和24%，在条件覆盖率方面分别提高了50%、62% 和6%，在修正条件决策覆盖率方面分别提高了291%、282%和45%。此外，HybridTCG 的测试效率也远高于其他工具。</span></section></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8388e1c8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811tBCuu1eXOKCX67skCHmGSps0mibFbx89M4SAtOjygdE78CicXX3RkZdQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Differential Fuzzing for Data Distribution Service Programs with Dynamic Configuration</span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 10 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Dohyun Ryu; Giyeol Kim; Daeun Lee; Seongjin Kim; Seungjin Bae; Junghwan Rhee; Taegyu Kim</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">DDS模糊测试</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">数据分发服务（DDS）是一种广泛应用于网络物理系统的分布式网络协议。DDS 提供在正式设计规范中定义的灵活配置，以确保安全。然而，DDS程序既存在违反设计规范的语义错误，也存在传统软件错误。为了发现错误，网络协议模糊器主要通过改变输入数据包来测试客户端-服务器模型。然而，由于没有考虑到DDS特有的特征，如DDS 特有的输入空间（如动态网络拓扑结构、QoS和DDS安全配置）以及DDS特有的语义错误（如不正确的拓扑结构）的影响，它们并不适合模糊DDS程序。具体来说，我们开发了一个DDS动态网络配置输入生成器，并将其与定制的最先进的数据包输入突变器集成在一起。这种配置输入生成器在生成输入时，会考虑DDS特有的输入空间、DDS 拓扑以及参数配置和依赖关系。这种方案使DDSFuzz能够测试可在特定DDS网络配置中执行的代码。此外，我们基于差分模糊的错误检测器还能发现DDS特有的语义错误，这些错误建立在DDS特有的应用程序接口和监听器上。我们用三个主要的DDS程序对DDSFuzz进行了评估：Fast DDS、Cyclone DDS和OpenDDS。结果，DDSFuzz发现了20个漏洞，并分配了7个CVE。此外，DDSFuzz的代码覆盖率比现有模糊器平均高出6.44倍，显示了DDS错误检测的有效性。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1e84a2b3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811skRyYkedXJMEUcRhlSty1WkUuzxg8ibojJp1icjNm7Nib4KwdhSIC3ckQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Mutation-Based Deep Learning Framework Testing Method in JavaScript Environment</span></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Yinglong Zou; Juan Zhai; Chunrong Fang; Jiawei Liu; Tao Zhang; Zhenyu Chen</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">JavaScript-based DL框架模糊测试</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">近年来，深度学习（DL）应用在JavaScript环境中变得越来越流行。作为DL应用的基础设施，JavaScript深度学习框架在开发和部署中起着至关重要的作用。因此，确保JavaScript深度学习框架的质量至关重要。然而，JavaScript环境中的有限计算资源瓶颈给框架测试带来了新的挑战。具体而言，JavaScript深度学习框架配备了各种优化机制（如缓存重用、推理加速），以克服计算资源的限制。这些优化机制被现有方法忽视，导致许多JavaScript深度学习框架中的bugs被遗漏。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一种基于变异的JavaScript深度学习框架测试方法，称为DLJSFuzzer。DLJSFuzzer设计了13条针对缓存重用机制的张量变异规则，用于生成测试输入张量。此外，DLJSFuzzer设计了8条针对推理加速机制的模型变异规则，用于生成测试输入模型。为了评估DLJSFuzzer的有效性，我们在最广泛使用的JavaScript深度学习框架TensorFlow.js上进行了实验。实验结果表明，DLJSFuzzer在有效性和效率方面均优于现有的最先进方法。DLJSFuzzer成功检测到21个独特的崩溃和126个独特的NaN和不一致性bugs。所有检测到的崩溃已报告给开源社区，其中12个已被开发者确认。此外，DLJSFuzzer在模型生成效率上提高了超过47%，在bug检测效率上提高了超过91%，相较于所有基线方法。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=94ee63a9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8118XUE9SI33jsGZh0VtwPiaHYntlQIkvYh6TmZupLEia7ibVsVn1uXPibCEw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Magneto: A Step-Wise Approach to Exploit Vulnerabilities in Dependent Libraries via LLM-Empowered Directed Fuzzing</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Zhuotong Zhou; Yongzhuo Yang; Susheng Wu; Yiheng Huang; Bihuan Chen; Xin Peng</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Fudan University, Shanghai, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">库漏洞，定向模糊测试</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">开源第三方库的广泛使用可能会通过依赖链将原本存在于第三方库中的漏洞传播到下游项目。为降低这一安全风险，漏洞利用分析被提出，用以进一步减少漏洞可达性分析中的误报。然而，当易受攻击的库中的漏洞函数通过多个步骤的调用链间接地被客户端项目调用时，现有方法的效果较差。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种逐步的方法，名为Magneto，通过大语言模型（LLM）增强的定向模糊测试，利用客户端项目依赖库中的漏洞。其核心思想是将针对整个调用链（从客户端项目到易受攻击函数）的定向模糊测试分解为一系列针对调用链每一步的逐步定向模糊测试。为了增强定向模糊测试，它利用LLM来促进初始种子的生成。我们的评估结果表明，Magneto相较于现有技术表现出了更高的有效性；即，Magneto在成功利用漏洞方面提高了至少75.6%。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8b40dbd0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811QxdhvzWfib0wic7MzhaiaPiavNqibDLRRSJJv1cbcgYF8PjHwDwfHXMeklA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Seeding and Mocking in White-Box Fuzzing Enterprise RPC APIs: An Industrial Case Study</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Man Zhang; Andrea Arcuri; Piyun Teng; Kaiming Xue; Wenhao Wang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Beihang University, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Kristiania University College and Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Meituan, Beijing, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 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YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Shiyan Peng; Yuan Zhang; Jiarun Dai; Yue Gu; Zhuoxiang Shen; Jingcheng Liu</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Fudan University, Shanghai, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">OPPO, Chengdu, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
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11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">模糊测试驱动生成</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">模糊测试驱动生成（FDG）是模糊测试库软件的基础技术。现有的FDG方法在开源库中取得了很大的成功。然而，在现实实践中，由于OEM Android框架的复杂性（例如，定制的编译工具链、庞大的代码库、多样化的C/C++语言特性），将现有的模糊测试驱动生成工具与OEM Android库集成并不简单。为了解决这个问题，我们首先系统地总结了现有工具（例如，FuzzGen）在OEM Android库（即ColorOS）中的应用障碍，包括兼容性、可用性和有效性问题。接着我们开发了一种新的模糊测试驱动生成工具——FuzzGen++，专门设计用来逐一解决这些障碍。在我们的评估中，我们展示了FuzzGen++在实际OEM Android框架中的优势。FuzzGen++与OEM Android兼容，并能够为其所有库生成模糊测试驱动，而这些库是现有工作所不支持的。对OEM Android代码的额外分析也增强了它在系统中的可用性。总体而言，FuzzGen++帮助自动生成了21,457个模糊测试驱动。此外，通过模糊测试驱动排名和选择方案，FuzzGen++筛选出了95%的无用模糊测试驱动。FuzzGen++在代码分析中支持复杂的C/C++特性，确保了其有效性。与手写的模糊测试驱动相比，FuzzGen++能够生成并选择模糊测试驱动，提供了107.92%的覆盖率提升。此外，FuzzGen++还发现了6个漏洞，展示了其发现实际问题的能力。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bdf75006&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811E61bmUUeb5RcZoS3P2uML4CuZLLMpaKkUWe8AxP5uodu6jLy9BfI0g%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Industry Practice of Directed Kernel Fuzzing for Open-source Linux Distribution</span></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; 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[]&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Heyuan Shi; Shijun Chen; Runzhe Wang; Yuhan Chen; Weibo Zhang; Qiang Zhang; Yuheng Shen; Xiaohai Shi; Chao Hu; Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Central South University, Changsha, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Hunan University, Changsha, China;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">定向内核模糊测试</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">定向灰盒模糊测试是一种广泛使用的自动化测试技术，它帮助开发人员测试目标程序中的特定代码空间。尽管许多定向模糊测试工具已经设计用于测试Linux内核，但由于工业需求和部署环境的复杂性，仍然存在一些挑战。本文中，我们与来自阿里巴巴和OpenAnolis社区的开发人员合作，进行了一次针对开源Linux发行版的定向内核模糊测试的行业实践。我们强调了在部署定向内核模糊测试时面临的典型挑战，包括与目标相关的内核配置选项被禁用、无关的初始种子限制了模糊测试启动性能、缺乏对内核特性接口模糊测试的支持、独立模糊测试执行限制了模糊测试的有效性、大量手动工作用于分流和分析崩溃信息，以及难以集成到现有的模糊测试框架中。我们提供了这些挑战的解决方案，这使我们能够发现11个与云原生特性、io_uring和OpenAnolis Linux发行版中的其他组件相关的之前未知的内核漏洞。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6d1ea870&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811gAKicbkIKwO6PGtNEO8EBeh8hGibceg29vBgSm7JUGIdk8fmTmxg8ehQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Olympia: Fuzzer Benchmarking for Solidity</span></strong><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Jana Chadt; Christoph Hochrainer; Valentin Wüstholz; Maria Christakis</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">TU Wien, Vienna, Austria;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">ConsenSys, Brooklyn, USA;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">智能合约模糊测试器的评估方法</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">在过去几年里，对智能合约的黑客攻击导致了数十亿资产的损失。为了有效识别此类漏洞，学术界和工业界的研究人员开发了几种流行的智能合约模糊测试工具。然而，客观比较这些工具在漏洞发现方面的有效性一直是一个挑战。在本文中，介绍了Olympia，这是第一个专为智能合约（而非通用）模糊测试工具设计的基准生成工具。本文使用Olympia评估了四种知名的开源Solidity智能合约模糊测试工具的有效性。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1212963" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c90cd961&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811JB5iauQlYTNicibLxIhsEaE8QLYfNpMOhN8sJAslibxXMZ4jEvzeiaPcUbg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">Syntactic Resilience in Greybox Fuzzing: Automated Error Recovery</span></span></strong></p><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;" data-pm-slice="0 0 []"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;" powered-by="xiumi.us" data-pm-slice="7 8 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: left;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;,&#34;data-pm-slice&#34;:&#34;0 0 []&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;&#34;,&#34;powered-by&#34;:&#34;xiumi.us&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;">Bachir Bendrissou</span></font></span></b><o:p></o:p></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 10.5pt;visibility: visible;"><font face="Calibri" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><img style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;vertical-align: middle;height: auto !important;width: 20px !important;visibility: visible !important;" alt="图片" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-family: &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 0.544px;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><font face="宋体" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
11.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-hansi-font-family:
&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;;mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;"><span leaf="">模糊测试有效性输入的生成和变异</span></span></span></font></font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" nodeleaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-color: rgb(199, 235, 255);padding: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span leaf="">模糊测试是一种通过向系统输入随机数据来自动检测漏洞的技术，已展现出显著的效果。其可扩展性和自动化特性使其成为学术界和工业界关注的焦点。然而，传统的模糊测试技术往往难以生成符合程序输入规范的各种罕见的输入，从而限制了其潜力的充分发挥。为了应对这些挑战，本文提出了AFLRepaiR，这是一种新颖的方法，通过对程序输入进行随机变异并修复由此产生的无效输入的语法。AFLRepaiR利用字节级变异生成大量测试用例，同时确保其有效性，从而促进对程序关键区域中多样化执行路径的探索。这显著提高了发现隐藏漏洞的可能性。初步实验发现，Lua解释器上出现了一个崩溃。未来计划通过对多个开源软件进行全面的模糊测试实验来进一步验证AFLRepaiR，并报告发现的任何漏洞。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><p style="" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span leaf="">以上就是本次分享的全部内容，欢迎各位读者留言交流！</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 15px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003393" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=94eae88a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811dM8Oq8Jm2BnWuLPLmWyiaTJo8bQ02t5qQVH76NeqJPHHhkaOv6tfeUw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 30px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003395" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=93f1cbab&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811KEHia2kgwgro5zqK4pCAJGG7jic2y08QmE2vjbMqibT4q4CRNicTt6mXMQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003396" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.3425925925925926" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f372b933&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811Picl9TrLPmLQo7fMgdQML1OiaRGOnZSt9ryPeNC7Qr6sqcFoOsUPP19Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section></section></section><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>



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      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Feb 2025 16:14:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>SEAMFUZZ：灰盒模糊测试的学习种子自适应突变策略</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247486942&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=d249d0aa9047c41d34cb0da0cb74053b</link>
      <description></description>
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原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-02-18 17:12</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-imgfileid="100002145" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" width="677px" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Learning Seed-Adaptive Mutation Strategies for Greybox Fuzzing</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Myungho Lee；</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="">Sooyoung Cha；Hakjoo Oh</span></font></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span leaf="">/document/10172576</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">International Conference on Software Engineering，2023</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/kupl/SeamFuzz-public" target="_blank">https://github.com/kupl/SeamFuzz-public</a></span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;visibility: visible;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);visibility: visible;"></span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本文提出了一种名为SEAMFUZZ的</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">灰盒模糊测试工具</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，旨在</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">通过学习种子自适应变异策略来提高模糊测试的性能</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。模糊测试的有效性在很大程度上依赖于变异策略，而现有的程序自适应策略往往无法充分考虑种子输入的不同特性，从而限制了测试的深度和漏洞发现能力。</span></section><section style="visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">为了解决这一问题，SEAMFUZZ通过</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">聚类技术</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">将种子输入根据其句法、语义（和稀有性）的相似性分组，并为每个种子组学习优化的变异策略。SEAMFUZZ的主要创新点在于</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">其种子自适应变异策略</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，不同于传统的程序自适应技术，SEAMFUZZ能够</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">自动捕捉和利用每个种子输入的特性而应用不同的变异策略</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。这一方法通过定制的</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">汤普森采样算法</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，有效地学习并应用于各个种子组，从而提高了模糊测试的覆盖率和崩溃输入生成能力。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、介绍</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">AFL可以为任何类型的测试程序在合理的时间内（例如，在3天生成的96 亿个测试用例）生成大量测试用例。然而，由于其固有的随机性，生成有意义的测试用例的效率较低，从而导致未探索的程序位置。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了提高基于突变的模糊器的效率和性能，程序自适应方法，特别是MOPT 已经成为一种趋势方法，旨在控制选择与目标程序相关的突变方法的概率分布。然而，他们仅针对测试程序调整突变策略，错过了利用不同种子输入的不同特征的机会，忽略了每个种子输入的独特性。由于不同种子输入具有不同的句法和语义特性，采用统一的变异策略可能无法充分挖掘每个种子的潜力，从而限制了模糊测试的深度和漏洞发现能力。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">SEAMFUZZ包含两个关键组件：</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">种子聚类（Seed Cluster）</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：将种子输入聚类成具有相似特征的种子组；</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">概率学习器（Probability Learner）</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为每个种子组学习并应用不同的变异策略。这种方法旨在捕捉每个种子输入的独特性，并为其应用最合适的变异策略，从而提高模糊测试的覆盖率和漏洞发现能力。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003270" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3128930817610063" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="636" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e46a4915&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwnXaaLOL4VtTxuzz3PSDCN7tXEZ7FRKXwvDibTagF4W60dJicrmeaQrMQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  SEAMFUZZ工作流</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、技术分析</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003271" data-ratio="0.7914691943127962" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="633" style="width:487px;height:385px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a579cd82&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwaoxv2dv3YyoQbBA4HjVmribHfYngYib3zNN7QNkmZb1v0XnnY2lpcAdQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 2  SEAMFUZZ整体算法</span></span></strong></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">整体算法中的第7行，CLUSTER函数识别所选种子输入s所属的种子组，并返回相应的组g - 五元组(sid,S,Pid,Dg,Db)。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在采样变异方法生成测试用例之前，在第11行中确定是遵循已学习的概率 Pid（利用）还是随机概率 Pr（探索）。由于利用和探索之间的平衡对性能影响很大，作者通过反复试验将利用和探索的概率分别设定为70%和30%（即第11行的ε值为0.7）。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">整体算法中的第14行，在每次测试用例执行中，积累有用的数据，这些数据稍后在第15行的LEARN函数中用于更新优化种子组g的概率分布Pid。通过CLUSTER和LEARN之间的迭代交互，能够学习采样概率，以选择针对种子组优化的有用变异方法。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．种子聚类</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Seed Cluster）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">给定一个种子输入s和一组种子组G，种子集群的目标是将选定的种子输入 s聚类到具有相似特征的适当种子组中。为了实现这一目标，定义了相似度分数scoresim和函数CLUSTER。相似度得分表示种子输入与种子组的接近程度，CLUSTER函数根据分数将种子输入分组到种子组中。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">相似度分数由句法、语义和稀有性相似度计算得出</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">。</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1. </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">语义相似度</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">描述种子输入和种子组覆盖的执行路径的相似性；覆盖执行路径越相同，它们就越相似。通过计算单个种子组中种子输入覆盖的所有执行路径的集合Covall (S)来定义种子组的一般语义行为。Cov(s)表示种子输入s覆盖的路径集。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003273" data-ratio="0.25595238095238093" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="336" style="width:165px;height:42px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5acf3268&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwF5cogibknR8aupo6rBZ46y7yJhFw8vVYOYbBicAMribpnP8U9Q3q149JA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">语义相似度的计算方式为：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003274" data-ratio="0.17446808510638298" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="470" style="width:256px;height:45px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=24dafc25&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwmXdPOibIGSaHFM8akyq1ApibhnrqHp5BvEtezuNty7yQ2qicqgq9paJoQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">For example:</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003275" data-ratio="0.07942238267148015" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:371px;height:29px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a10b7498&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhw74pSVZBWia5C3BfH1eZNE8eWKWbUkCe4qQ69bKfD9hUspH5tXrLW8Xw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">大写字母表示每个独特的路径。由于两组共有两条路径（A和B），而Covall(S)的大小为 8，所以语义相似度Simsem (s,g)为0.25。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2. </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">句法相似度</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">将种子输入s视为大小为N位(s∈{0,1}N)的位字符串，并为种子组的句法特征定义一个具有代表性的种子输入sid。代表性种子输入是集合S中最多到达那些很少覆盖的路径(Covrare)的种子输入。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">给定两个大小为N的种子输入s和sid，计算句法相似度Simsyn(s,g)如下：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003276" data-ratio="0.16333938294010888" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="551" style="width:339px;height:55px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c9f02697&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwmicic8iaYXDp5ZDokSdz7KQMdePyibb3ZiczXichoDTs7LBUF9CjVVLPNiaag%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中μ(s,sid)是两个种子输入中具有相同值的第i位位置的集合，s[i]表示种子输入s的第i位的值。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">For example:</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003278" data-ratio="0.23872679045092837" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="377" style="width:194px;height:46px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5780cf4a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhw7xRWicrIhadUJs2JUlEEYQQKia17qssM4WaXXRxdED9b5YOiaqcZoBmlw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"> 其中粗体位表示同一位置的不同值。所以s和s&#39;之间的句法相似度为 0.7，因为只有三个位不同，而N的值为10。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">两个种子输入之间的句法相似度Simsyn表示两个种子输入中相同位置的位值相同的数量与种子输入中位总数的比率。如果两个种子输入的长度不同，较短种子与较长种子之间差的那些位都算作是不同对应位值的位，N的值为较长种子输入的大小。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3. </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">稀有性相似度</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">稀有性相似度是基于这样的期望，即从很少被探索的路径开始的突变很可能导致未被探索的更深的程序位置。因此，当种子输入覆盖了种子组所覆盖的不经常探索的路径时，计算一个如下的稀有度分数。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003279" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.06910039113428944" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="767" style="width:427px;height:30px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4d144909&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhw5RfG776o8aLEFe7YCrmhrAP2gAiaMHKSbLVWQZTNiby3978TqSpVlia7Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003280" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1977401129943503" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="531" style="width:303px;height:60px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72c2dedf&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwgcWGvwPPo5u3MRuypJ5CGyH0miaJZNzAgyzlLUIcf00Xib52VibiahGIww%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中hit(path)表示路径的命中计数。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">4. </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">相似度得分</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在获得三个不同的相似度（即语义、句法和稀有性）后，CLUSTER计算种子输入和每个种子组之间的相似度得分（scoresim），并确定给定种子输入将属于哪个种子组。形式上，CLUSTER函数定义为：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003281" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.12855007473841554" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="669" style="width:406px;height:52px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9a2b4448&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwibCriatKOEetkthcydBINOlBMxDgYMMlBSnml1ycmBpYRbNxcVLPq2xA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中dmax表示所有计算相似度分数中最高的一个，argmax函数返回得分dmax的种子组。使用以下方程获得相似度分数scoresim ：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003282" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.11360239162929746" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="669" style="width:394px;height:45px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a327dcc3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhw5qNw2Va4HNtxjKcfibqdEfHGUrNfdOcCU3LJFA0ffxjkHOpT8d4CdXg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">CLUSTER函数计算种子输入s和每个种子组之间的相似度得分，并在最高相似度分数dmax超过γ的值时返回具有更新种子输入集的种子组。如果不属于任何现有种子组的种子输入s（即dmax小于γ的值），CLUSTER函数通过使用种子输入s作为代表性种子来初始化一个新的种子组。在这种情况下，将Pid初始化为均匀分布(Pr)，因为新生成的组不存在学习的概率分布；所有组概率分布Pid 都以哑行为（即随机概率）开始，并且随着学习的进行变得更加智能。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．概率学习器</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（probability learner）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">它学习为每个种子组</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">选择有效突变方法的概率分布</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1. </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">采样空间</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">首先定义一个选择变异方法m的取样空间，m方法指定变异位置(loc)和变异方式(op)。直观上，如何变异直接与通常预定义的变异操作符相关，因此选择变异操作符的取样空间可以很容易地确定。然而，变异位置是未固定的，由种子输入的大小决定，而这些大小是多样的，这使得定义选择变异位置的特定取样空间变得困难。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">通过值p对种子输入的长度进行划分，并使loc的取样空间大小为 p，而不论种子输入的大小如何。通过划分空间，可以将选择变异位置(loc)的取样空间从未定义的大小减少到具体确定的大小(p)。一旦变异策略选择了某个变异分区，它就会在选定的分区内随机选择变异位置。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">例如，假设p的值为10，作者在实验中也使用了这个值。给定一个大小为 40 比特的种子输入，每个分区的大小就为4比特（40 / 10 = 4）。如果按照学习到的概率分布选择了第4个分区，种子变异器将随机选择第4个分区中的第13到第16比特作为变异位置。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2. </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">汤普森采样</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了学习哪些变异方法能够带来更好的性能，首先注意到，问题自然可以表示为</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">多臂老虎机问题</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（Multi-Armed Bandit，MAB）。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">MAB问题假设有N个老虎机，其目标是从中获得最大化的奖励。在每一轮中，选择一个老虎机进行操作，并根据为每个老虎机设定的概率分布来获得奖励。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">直观上，在问题设置中，每个老虎机对应于每个变异操作符op和变异分区p。在模糊测试技术中，奖励对应于发现新的路径或新的崩溃输入。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">现在，目标变成了找到最有利可图的老虎机（即有效的变异方法）以实现最大化奖励，其中第k个老虎机有成功获取奖励的概率θk。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了实现这一目标，作者采用了汤普森采样算法，这是经典MAB问题的知名解决方案。汤普森采样从观察到的奖励中建立一个概率模型，并从对应的模型中对每个老虎机的期望值进行采样，以选择下一轮的老虎机。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">直观上，对于某个特定老虎机，观察到的奖励越多，在下一轮选择该老虎机的可能性就越大，因为期望值会在所有老虎机中最高。如果某个老虎机的成功概率较低，随着数据的增多，选择该老虎机的概率会降低。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">基于汤普森抽样，定义选择第i个变异算子的概率如下:</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003283" data-ratio="0.16019417475728157" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="618" style="width:335px;height:54px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=09d1914f&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhw20alrjXfoMvcDUbyBv3AFXKicYb9rqOoY7Ov5kd5AdQ40CoGt1RtSQg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">θiop表示从Beta分布中采样的第i个变异算子的预期奖励。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">|Vop|表示用于突变生成的变异算子的数量。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Vgop[i]表示生成成功测试用例时选择第i个变异算子的次数。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Vbop[i]表示生成失败测试用例时选择第i个变异算子的次数。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">用同样的方法得到选择突变分区Pp的概率分布</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">成功测试用例</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：interesting or s’覆盖了Covrare中至少一个路径。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">失败测试用例</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：不成功的同时s’覆盖了Covcommon中超过80%的路径。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为每个路径维护一个命中计数表。当程序pgm使用生成的测试用例执行时，此命中计数表都会更新。使用这个命中计数信息按升序排列，建立了前10%和后30%的两个集合Covrare和Covcommon。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">基于上述分类标准，更新学习数据Dg和Db。主要地，学习数据D是两个向量的对，分别是变异操作符数据（Vop）和变异分区数据（Vp）。每个向量的第i个元素分别表示第i个变异操作符和分区被选择的次数。基于学习数据D，Dg是用于积累在生成成功测试用例时使用的变异方法次数的良好学习数据，而 Db 则用于失败测试用例。例如，假设 Covrare 、Covcommon 和两个种子输入（s1和s2）的覆盖路径如下：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003284" data-ratio="0.16789396170839468" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="679" style="width:351px;height:59px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5c897d06&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhw0NZpmicicgxQ2jyM247MyPwKumsT5q0IZGaCynKXqA9nNMtthgX2N0cg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">将Covtotal定义为迄今为止覆盖的路径集合。在这个例子中，s1和s2都不是有趣的测试用例，因为它们未能覆盖新的路径。然而，s1被认为是一个成功测试用例，因为它满足第一个额外条件，用生成s1时使用的变异方法来更新良好学习数据 Dg。对于s2，由于它既不是成功测试用例，也不满足是失败测试用例，既不更新 Dg也不更新Db。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、实验</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者在AFL++的基础上实现了SEAMFUZZ，并将其与AFL++和AFL++ MOPT进行了比较。作者评估的三个模糊测试工具均基于AFL++的3.15a版本。为了减轻模糊测试技术固有随机性的影响，作者对每个基准程序进行了20次24小时试验，并报告了平均结果。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">所有实验都在运行Ubuntu 20.04、具有64个CPU和256GB内存的机器上完成，该机器配备了AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X 64核处理器。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003285" data-ratio="0.3345367027677497" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:522px;height:175px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=383c7bf7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwQPVTxw1hpjQL3tpO82SnUGMdjxwvFBk6QNpO98kBoYmw2fW8VRFsiaA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 3 测试基准程序</span></span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">实验1：14个程序上覆盖率和crash对比</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf=""> </span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003286" data-ratio="0.4259927797833935" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0a2883c6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwYafyYAj8MDU4CniabmzmbiaicenDaPEJmescgyEfG6MCMtaymGVAMgqmA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 4 20次试验在14个程序上24小时的平均结果</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">SEAMFUZZ平均比AFL++和AFL++ MOPT多覆盖了5.6%和7.7%的边。SEAMFUZZ生成的崩溃输入比AFL++和AFL++ MOPT分别多56.4%和57.1%。对于某些程序（例如，openssl），SEAMFUZZ和AFL++ MOPT相对于AFL++ 的性能提升较小。作者调查了这些情况，发现这些基准程序上的边覆盖数量趋于每个模糊测试工具达到的最大性能。例如，在openssl程序上，所有模糊测试工具在3小时内都达到了5,800个边，剩下的18小时内的覆盖增益不到1%。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">实验2：独特bug数量</span></span></strong></span></p><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003287" data-ratio="0.8779661016949153" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="295" style="width:169px;height:148px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b88c0e02&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwGY5WVdvfq1BGGX4Hd9sDRO8jtGCukrCZeibZxLtoDrPvicNcuOJ7fVaQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 5 每个工具发现的独特bug数量的维恩图</span></span></strong></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">此外，SEAMFUZZ即使在边覆盖率仅有小幅增加的情况下，也能生成显著更多的崩溃输入。例如，在php-parser上，SEAMFUZZ生成的崩溃输入比AFL++ 多233.3%，而边覆盖数量的增益仅为0.4%。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">有趣的是，与预期的程序自适应方法MOPT总是优于随机方法的预期相反，AFL++ MOPT在边覆盖方面的实验性能低于AFL++。例如，在所有14个程序上，AFL++ MOPT实现的平均边覆盖比AFL++低1.9%，生成的崩溃输入少0.4%。然而，在bug查找能力方面，AFL++ MOPT显示了其更好的性能，检测到 87 个独特bug，而 AFL++检测到85个独特bug。SEAMFUZZ能够发现最多的独特bug，其中包括27个其他基线模糊测试工具未检测到的bug。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">实验3：种子聚类性能消融实验</span></strong></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">NO CLUSTER：不进行种子聚类的SEAMFUZZ。EACH CLUSTER：每个种子对应一个种子聚类的SEAMFUZZ。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003293" data-ratio="0.6875" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="736" style="width:439px;height:302px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ed43b2ff&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwfRj35mUTyp5ehu45Wg9LVCMqhvFtAfjkMNZ1kdnzcDSGJypm2nYJ4w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><span></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">图 6 不同粒度的种子聚类性能</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">总的来说，没有种子聚类算法时，种子自适应方法在路径发现和漏洞检测能力方面的性能显著下降。为了研究种子聚类的有效性，作者实现了NO CLUSTER和EACH CLUSTER，这两者维持不同数量的种子组。更具体地说，NO CLUSTER只维持一个种子组，并将所有选定的种子输入聚类到这个组中，这模拟了程序自适应方法。EACH CLUSTER为每个种子输入分配一个种子组，分别为每个种子输入应用不同的变异策略。由于种子队列会随着新生成的测试用例不断更新，而且种子输入必须至少被选中一次才能应用学习的概率，EACH CLUSTER很难将学习的概率应用于种子输入。此外，出于同样的原因，EACH CLUSTER难以用新的学习数据更新概率分布。因此，EACH CLUSTER的表现仍低于能更频繁应用和学习概率的SEAMFUZZ。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在所有14个程序中，NO CLUSTER和EACH CLUSTER比SEAMFUZZ少覆盖了4.9%和4.4%的边。NO CLUSTER和EACH CLUSTER分别减少了36.3%和25.5%的崩溃输入。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:null},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:null},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:null},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">实验4：句法和语义相似性消融实验</span></strong></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003289" data-ratio="0.24548736462093862" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=79ae720a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwRUKgNPU0iblaoCZp8nROaFCeZyiaEqQ4ylZSVRWic3Zhy0P3grnPeA6gw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 7 句法和语义相似性对SEAMFUZZ性能的影响</span></strong></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">将语义相似性的重要性因子α设置为四个不同的值，并选择了五大程序进行评估。直观上，当α值为0.0时，SEAMFUZZ仅考虑句法相似性；相反，当α值为1.0时，它仅使用语义相似性进行种子聚类。如图所示，标有星号的α值的SEAMFUZZ优于其他设置。它在中位数和平均值方面实现了最高值，并且四分位距范围较窄。也就是说，以适当比例考虑句法和语义相似性对SEAMFUZZ的性能至关重要。</span></section><section><strong><span leaf="" style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">实验5：不同分类标准消融实验</span></strong></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003290" data-ratio="0.5135869565217391" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="736" style="width:475px;height:244px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=bd43488e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlonXc2PJn7iazXQXITW1AIhwrZup4x0jV1STbpZs3qT1PLebHOdljeibR2lr272Mz0ibuiacLZiczaqpOA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 8</span></font></b><b><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">不同分类标准对</span></font></b><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">SEAMFUZZ</span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">效果的影响</span></font></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">评估了汤普森采样算法中成功和失败测试用例的分类标准如何影响SEAMFUZZ在9个程序上的整体性能。作者为汤普森采样定制的分类标准提高了路径发现和崩溃生成的能力。与朴素分类相比，它帮助覆盖6.1%的额外边并生成了57.1%更多的崩溃输入。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">灰盒模糊测试器的程序自适应突变策略已经成功地推进了现有的程序不可知模糊器。在本文中，作者在这个方向上更进一步，呼吁注意</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">从程序自适应到种子自适应方法的转换</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。关键思想是</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于句法和语义相似性将种子输入聚类为种子组</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，并使用</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">汤普森采样的变体学习为每个种子组优化的突变策略</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。  </span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><br/></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002863" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" width="677px" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section 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      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Feb 2025 17:12:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>DeepGo: 预测定向灰盒模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247486916&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=6c5e8170932409049927f3b79468ae99</link>
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<span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-01-20 14:41</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 16px;visibility: visible;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">DeepGo: Predictive Directed Greybox Fuzzing</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Peihong Lin; Pengfei Wang; Xu Zhou; Wei Xie; Gen Zhang; Kai Lu;</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/2024-514-paper.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/2024-514-paper.pdf</a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&#34;Times New Roman&#34;,serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2024</span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">定向灰盒模糊测试是一种能高效测试目标代码区脆弱性的技术。通过定义一个可测量的适应度量，定向灰盒模糊测试器可以选择有前途的种子，并给它们更多的突变机会来逐渐接近目标代码区域。</span><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">然而，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">以往定向灰盒模糊测试的启发式方法通常依赖于历史执行信息，对尚未执行的路径缺乏远见</span>。例如，当使用到目标的基本块级距离作为适应度量时，对于较短距离的种子优先考虑而不考虑路径的可行性，因此，那些具有复杂约束的难以执行的路径会阻碍定向灰盒模糊测试器到达目标站点，使定向灰盒模糊测试器效率降低。</span><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">因此，作者提出了一种预测定向灰盒模糊测试方法DeepGo以解决上述问题，在如下几个方面做出了创新：</span><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1) 首先，作者<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">提出了路径转换模型，该模型将定向灰盒模糊测试建模为通过特定的路径转换序列到达目标站点的过程</span>。基于路径转换模型，作者使用序列奖励作为适应度量，以评估通过一系列路径转换到达目标站点的难度；</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2) 其次，作者设计了VEE，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">利用DNNs模拟路径转换，在不执行种子的情况下预测潜在的路径转换和相应的奖励</span>，大大提高了效率；</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(3) 作者提出了一种强化学习模糊测试（RLF）模型，它可以<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">结合历史信息和预测信息，生成到目标代码的最佳路径</span>。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(4) 作者<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">在动作群的粒度上优化了模糊的突变策略</span>，这比单策略优化更有效。</span></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">DeepGo的基本框架如图1所示，主要由四部分组成：</span></span></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1)<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;"> 定向灰盒模糊组件（Directed Greybox Fuzzing Component）</span>：定向灰盒模糊组件不断地突变种子，以产生到达目标位点的输入。这个组件包含一个静态分析器和一个模糊器。在编译时，静态分析器计算基本块级距离（BB距离），记录每个分支的兄弟分支，并测量目标程序。一旦模糊的活动启动，模糊器就会不断地改变种子来测试程序。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2) <span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">虚拟集成环境（Virtual Ensemble Environment）</span>：VEE用于预测潜在的路径转换和相应的奖励。VEE由DNNs组成，与强化学习组件共享历史应答缓冲区和预测应答缓冲区。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3) <span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">针对模糊测试的强化学习模型（Reinforcement Learning for Fuzzing Model）</span>：该模型利用强化学习模型来结合历史路径转换和预测的路径转换，以学习能最大化路径转化序列奖励的策略。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">4) <span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">模糊测试优化组件</span>：为了引导模糊器采用具有最高序列奖励的最优路径转换序列，需要基于RLF模型的反馈信息来优化模糊策略。然而，优化一个单一的模糊策略可能并不能显著地引导模糊器走向最优的路径转化序列。因此，作者提出了由五个要素组成的动作群的概念，以利用MPSO算法综合优化多种模糊策略。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003246" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4413265306122449" data-type="png" data-w="784" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d826258b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRloY79yB3pGDkoxMeYYw6ia5PwLOeKcoZjh0SB0E10ibAuzAjaQ805AKdX2KkHXXlxUUvB6lZ2JbSNxg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1 DeepGo流程概述图</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、路径转换模型</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">路径转换模型将定向模糊测试建模为通过特定的路径转换序列到达目标站点的过程</span>。由突变产生的新种子会导致路径转换，作者使用奖励来评估路径转换对模糊过程的影响。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">具有最高序列奖励的路径转换序列决定了到目标的最佳路径</span>，路径转换模型包括以下几个元素：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003247" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5977272727272728" data-type="png" data-w="440" style="width:100%;" data-backw="440" data-backh="263" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8fca74af&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIKZZtOmQyBbibSMo8dziakibkMJYd0uh6fB99Xgs42pWn1V6pgNFExtfTw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 2  路径转换模型的说明</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1) 路径：每个路径都对应于种子队列中的一个种子，通过不同分支命中来区分不同的路径。 </span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2) 动作：模糊器的动作意味着在一个特定的位置使种子发生突变。作者关注于突变发生的位置，而不是它使用的突变方法。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(3) 路径转换：如果新输入的执行路径与种子上的执行路径不同，那么种子上的突变就会导(致路径转换。如果新输入的路径与种子输入的路径相同，那么突变就会导致自路径转换。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(4) 奖励：对路径转换的奖励表示由路径转换引起的种子值的变化。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(5) 策略：该策略是模糊器在每条路径中选择动作的策略，表示为与动作对应的概率列表。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者从四个方面来衡量种子的价值，分别为：(1) 种子到目标的距离；(2) 分支反转的困难程度；(3) 执行速度；(4) 种子是否被标记为“favored”。对于单一分支反转的困难程度，作者通过兄弟分支的命中次数来进行量化，具体计算过程如公式(1)所示，其中ubr为表示一个未被探索的分支，hitbr表示在模糊化过程中记录的兄弟分支的命中。作者<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">使用一个种子路径中所有未被探索的分支的分支反转概率的算术平均值来估计该种子分支反转的难度</span>。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003248" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.37362637362637363" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="364" style="width:226px;height:84px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7b1b1731&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKI5MpJIwuqXIUhTZwh4ezp5J9jIcegXUvlG9sILnoQTgsNvXq5TcZ3Gg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">最终，作者<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">利用熵权法计算种子到目标的距离，分支反转的困难程度，执行速度，种子是否被标记为“favored”等项的权重，然后进行加权平均得到种子的价值Vs(pt)</span>。模糊器采取不同的动作来突变种子会导致不同的路径转换，作者使用奖励来量化路径转换的有效性。路径转换的奖励为突变前后两种子价值的差值，即r(pt, at, pt+1) = Vs(pt+1) - Vs(pt)，at表示模糊器从路径pt转移到路径pt+1所采取的动作。</span><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在路径转换模型中，根据策略选择的动作所引起的路径转换会影响后续的路径转换序列，从而影响到达目标站点。为了评估路径转换对到达目标站点的贡献，作者将期望序列奖励定义为模糊器遵循某一策略生成的路径转换序列的期望奖励之和，可以根据公式（2）得到。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003250" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.11070780399274047" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="551" style="width:381px;height:42px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=c2c24b87&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKInsuw9vcVicOHcuChBOXK2z594YLwfucrJibXQftMtmpfogLhRxv2s1pA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中，p’∼P表示从路径p转移到路径p’的概率。γ代表折扣因子，后续路径转换对预期序列奖励的影响会逐渐减少，为路径p’的转移，当路径的所有动作都只能导致自路径转换时该值为0，否则该值等于所有行动的预期序列奖励的加权平均值，可以根据公式（3）得到，其中表示在策略π下，路径p选择动作a的概率。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003251" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.20725388601036268" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="386" style="width:275px;height:57px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5540ee9b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIC0VZnZMET4QiaU7JsebvP1lIdEke3ts0B7DAlJcXiayORP1p4GWLsheQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、虚拟集成环境和针对模糊测试的强化学习模型</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．虚拟集成环境</span></span></strong></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">使用DNN来构造VEE来预测路径转换模型中的路径转换行为</span>。通过训练模型，使模型能够根据输入(path, action)得到相应的输出(next path, reward)。针对预测模型的偶然不确定性问题，作者使用可训练的权值参数θ来表示下一条路径pt+1的高斯概率分布，如公式（4）所示，其中N表示高斯分布，µθ表示高斯分布的平均值，Σθ表示方差。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003252" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.09417040358744394" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="669" style="width:437px;height:41px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5daa8738&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKI7JWvDcDiaM0zo3iaIhRj1H2yRNn7o7COWzUhcibFDuEuS0iaShiafibaeOuw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者将训练集中DNN的输出与真实标签y∈Y之间的损失函数定义为：</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003253" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1638888888888889" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="width:100%;" type="block" data-backw="566" data-backh="93" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=65f398ca&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIqtBzZnoxtUbJqBCqsQFozRYgZlR2JGK0Gyc7aiadlEeDVEPFMmL1kPQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">训练任务是找到DNN 的权重参数θˆ，以最小化损失</span>。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">针对预测模型的的认知不确定性问题，作者使用6个相同的DNNs来构建VEE，并采用6个DNNs的概率平均值作为模型的预测。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．针对模糊测试的强化学习模型</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">作者基于强化学习模型Soft Actor-Critic (SAC)训练了一个能通过选择动作来最大化序列奖励的模型。该模型由Actor network、Q-Critic network和V-批评网络组成。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">在训练过程中，通过Q-Critic network来评估期望的序列奖励，并通过V-Critic网络来评估每个路径的转移值。利用期望的序列奖励和转移值，训练Actor network来优化策略，以增加选择具有高期望序列奖励的动作的概率</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">。</span>训练过程中，该模型以历史执行信息和通过虚拟集成环境（VEE）预测出的可能路径转换序列作为训练输入。其中，通过虚拟集成环境（VEE）预测出的可能路径转换序列将以某一历史路径序列(p0, a0, p1, a1...pi, ai, ...an−1, pn)为基础，根据当前强化学习模型的策略选择一系列新动作a’i,a’i+1......a’i+k-1,根据原路径序列和选择的一系列新动作，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">虚拟集成环境（VEE）将预测出一条新的路径转换序列供强化学习模型训练</span>，具体过程如图三所示：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003254" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3073322932917317" data-type="png" data-w="641" style="width:517px;height:159px;" data-backw="578" data-backh="178" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f4fee250&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIzvvNhLkhAh4Nu7ZkriciacqjksjLv77x0GfxaqyK8LP6T4GThv9YHQoA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 3  K步分支预测策略</span></span></strong></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．基于行动组的模糊策略优化</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">由于优化单一的模糊策略可能并不能显著地引导模糊器走向最优的路径过渡序列。因此，作者提出了由五个元素组成的行动组的概念，并使用MPSO算法综合优化多种模糊策略。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">作者在动作组中考虑到了种子选择策略，种子能量分配策略，变异中Havoc阶段的重复次数，被选择来突变种子的突变操作，被突变位置来对模糊过程进行综合优化。</span>所使用到的算法如图四所示：</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003255" data-ratio="1.0147783251231528" style="width:438px;height:444px;" data-type="png" data-w="406" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e1abebf0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIkicNZliaMjZB8sEcxksCSd0VFSUQ0SyBt1qFA8Dt4vtEQgYqgjIsDaGg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 4  MSPO算法</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、实验设计及结果</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">(一)．实验设置</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">作者选择了两个被定向模糊测试技术广泛使用的数据集UniBench[1]和AFLGo testsuite[2]，并与最先进的定向灰盒模糊器进行了比较，包括WindRanger[3]、BEACON[4]、ParmeSan[5]和AFLGo。所有实验均在24小时的时间预算内重复5次。在测试来自UniBench和AFLGo测试套件的程序时，作者使用BenchMark推荐的种子语料库中的种子作为初始种子。</span></span></section><section><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,null,&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">(二)．具体实验</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,null,&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: none;">实验一：到达目标代码的能力</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,null,&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">图5显示了各个工具生成可以到达目标代码的第一个输入所花费的时间（TTR）。与AFLGo（22/80）、BEACON（11/80）、WindRanger（19/80）和ParmeSan（9/80）相比，DeepGo可以达到最多（73/80）。此外，在大多数的目标上DeepGo的性能优于所有其他模糊器，并实现了最短的TTR。就到达目标站点的平均TTR而言，与AFLGo、BEACON、WindRanger、ParmeSan相比，分别加速了3.23×、1.72×、1.81×和4.83×。</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003256" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5681063122923588" data-type="png" data-w="602" style="width:100%;" data-backw="578" data-backh="328" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2eda6def&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIoyTwBP9ib12t8BoUfGnblg7Bibb9WQFZQXQ07L2h3vficWHUWZ7ur0CUw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5  DeepGo和其他模糊器在UniBench数据集上的TTR比较</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,null,&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline; font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">实验二：漏洞挖掘能力</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在20个漏洞中，DeepGo（19）比AFLGo（14）、BEACON（13）、WindRanger（16）和ParmeSan（14）暴露的更多。此外，在大多数目标（14/20）上，DeepGo的表现优于所有的基线模糊器，并达到了最短的挖掘目标站点中（已知或未公开的)漏洞所花费的时间（TTE）。关于挖掘漏洞的平均TTE，DeepGo与AFLGo、BEACON、WindRanger和ParmeSan相比，加速速度分别为2.61×、3.32×、2.43×和2.53×，具体实验结果如图6所示。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003257" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.09375" data-type="png" data-w="448" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8dadb4d3&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIib5vTLbLtEJyvy2aN5bU8hCSXh2YqNMlEzHeDzSKBC2eJuUaR3wYRmw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><br/></span></span></strong></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 6  DeepGo和其他模糊器的TTE比较</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size:14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">实验三：VEE的有效性</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(0, 82, 255);font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">作者计算了所有程序的所有路径转换的预测概率（AAPP）的平均精度和预测奖励（AAPR）的平均精度，如图7所示。从0.5小时到24小时，AAPP和AAPR的准确率均大于80%，AAPP和AAPR在48个时间点的平均值分别为92.57%和91.10%。这表明VEE可以限制预测路径转换的概率和奖励的偏差。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003258" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9449685534591195" data-type="png" data-w="636" style="width:100%;" data-backw="578" data-backh="546" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=aec0b0e1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIMrGs5kdJOM1U3M2XhkBS0rI5qyo71jYqK3W8SH9uH2mMTicp1mcictlw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 7  预测的奖励和路径转换概率的准确性</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size:14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">实验四：强化学习模型和模糊测试优化组件的有效性</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者删除了DeepGo的强化学习模块和优化组件模块形成了一个新的模糊测试工具DeepGo-r。作者使用DeepGo-r和DeepGo来测试来自UniBench的20个程序，并每30分钟计算出所有程序的所有路径转换的奖励。在每个时间点，获得了20个项目的平均奖励（即AR）如图8所示。DeepGo的AR明显高于DeepGo-r。在每个时间点，DeepGo的AR平均比DeepGo-r的AR高4.26×。这说明化学习模型和模糊测试优化组件可以引导模糊器得出最优的路径转换序列，更快地到达目标位置。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 8px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003259" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5910652920962199" data-type="png" data-w="582" style="width:415px;height:245px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a03ec888&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKI976oibicuTjOulR1WftrcvCJs97t2CrGzXHpM3D4MgesJZpaBq56g6vw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 8  DeepGo-r和DeepGo的AR对比</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 8px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size:14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">实验五：消融实验</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者从DeepGo中删除VEE，形成一个新的工具DeepGo-V，并在UniBench上运行DeepGo-V和DeepGo-r进行TTR实验，实验结果如图9所示。根据TTR的结果，DeepGo（73/80）分别比DeepGo-v（32/80）和DeepGo-r（18/80）可以到达更多的目标站点。此外，DeepGo在到达目标站点的平均TTR上分别比DeepGo-v和DeepGo-r高出2.05×和3.72×。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003261" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.2280254777070063" data-type="png" data-w="785" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9aad4125&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo3rBemKyJicqPXKJ5epxOKIncbwTP3gQTbDweFPdmIgL4ibfWbb7ibvsWSFB3F8QZX2NicibaVKsNlDYA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 9  消融实验</span></span></strong></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">作者提出了<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">一种预测性定向灰盒模糊器，它可以结合历史信息和预测信息，引导定向模糊测试选择最优路径到达目标站点</span>。作者先将定向模糊测试建模为通过特定的路径转换序列到达目标站点的过程。突变产生的新种子会导致路径转换，而与高奖励路径转换序列对应的路径表明通过它到达目标位点的可能性很高。然后，为了预测路径转换和相应的奖励，使用深度神经网络构建了一个虚拟集成环境（VEE），逐步模拟路径转换模型，并预测尚未采取的路径转换的奖励。为了确定最优路径，开发了一个模糊强化学习（RLF）模型来生成具有最高序列奖励的过渡序列。RLF模型可以结合历史路径转换和预测路径转换来生成最优路径转换序列，并结合策略来指导模糊的突变策略。最后，为了实现高奖励路径转换序列，作者提出了一个行动组的概念，该概念全面优化了模糊测试策略，以实现有效到达目标的最优路径。</span></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002863" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: 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      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jan 2025 14:41:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>Atropos：对Web应用程序服务器端漏洞的模糊测试技术</title>
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原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-01-16 11:35</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">原文名称：</span></span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">Atropos: Effective Fuzzing of Web Applications for Server-Side</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">Vulnerabilities</span></span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">原文作者：</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Emre Güler; Sergej Schumilo; Moritz Schloegel; Nils Bars; Philipp Görz; Xinyi Xu; Cemal Kaygusuz; Thorsten Holz;</span></span></span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">原文链接：</span><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity24/presentation/g%C3%BCler" target="_blank">https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity24/presentation/g%C3%BCler</a></span></span></strong></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">USENIX Security 2024</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/CISPA-SysSec/atropos-legacy" target="_blank">https://github.com/CISPA-SysSec/atropos-legacy</a></span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在本文中，作者提出了一种专门为PHP Web应用设计的，基于</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">快照和反馈驱动的模糊测试方法</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ATROPOS。该方法考虑到了当前与Web应用相关的挑战，如维护会话状态、生成高度结构化的输入等。此外，本文还提出了一种反馈机制，用于</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">自动推断Web应用使用的键值结构</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，使其能够绕过应用的浅层解析阶段，有效探索更深层的程序。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">与性能最好的静态分析方法相比，ATROPOS多发现了32%的错误，在不同测试套件上的报误率都为0。在覆盖率方面，该方法比WEBFUZZ和WFUZZ分别平均多覆盖了50%和230%的代码。在分析真实的Web应用时，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">发现了7个以前未知的漏洞</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">库模糊测试需要一个模糊测试驱动（Fuzz Driver）来将库提供的API转化成一个可执行程序，从而对库进行模糊测试（如图1）。为了节省编写驱动的人力成本，并提升库模糊测试的覆盖率，学术界进行了许多自动化生成fuzz driver的尝试。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">与手动编写的模糊测试驱动程序相比，自动化生成技术通过从源代码或运行时反馈中学习库API的使用来导出模糊测试驱动程序。FUDGE、FuzzGen和UTopia静态提取源代码中的API使用代码，而APICraft和WINNIE则从进程的执行轨迹中动态记录API调用序列。然而，</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong><span leaf="">由于轨迹仅包含消费者</span></strong></span></span><strong><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);">代码调用的API调用序列</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong><span leaf="">，这种方法无法学习消费者代码中不存在的有效API使用</span></strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">。最新的模糊测试驱动生成解决方案Hopper将库模糊测试问题转化为解释性模糊测试问题，从API调用的动态反馈中学习有效的API使用。尽管它可以覆盖大多数API函数，但在广阔的搜索空间中找到到达深层状态的有用API调用序列需要进行许多尝试。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">近年来兴起的大语言模型（LLM）技术在代码生成领域表现卓越。借助大语言模型，论文可以很轻易地生成对于特定库而言合法的API调用序列，而不需要进行长时间的探索。之前基于LLM的库模糊测</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">试工具，其提</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">示词所涵盖的内容和场景相对有限，于是本文希望</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong><span leaf="">扩充提示词的空间，通过变异提示词的方式来实现对于库深层状态的探索</span></strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">。</span></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">传统的模糊测试方法已被证明在编译成本地二进制文件的语言中非常有效，但是它们无法直接应用于使用解释型语言（如PHP）编写的服务器端Web应用程序。其主要面对的挑战有如下三点：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">服务器端Web应用程序的复杂接口</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：传统的模糊测试通常通过标准输入或文件传递数据，而Web应用需要模拟Web服务器和浏览器的环境。并且，Web应用程序的输入通常包含开发人员设置的具有语义意义的标识符（如表单字段名、Cookie、URL参数等），随机生成的输入很难匹配这些标识符，导致测试失败。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">状态化的环境</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：Web应用程序会为用户会话维持大量状态，这些状态分散在许多组件中，并且状态的持久性会影响后续的所有操作，难以在维持大量状态的前提下进行高效的模糊测试。状态的分散性和持久性会影响模糊测试器的执行，尤其是在数据删除或注销等关键操作影响后续输入的情况下。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">漏洞检测机制</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：解释型语言（如PHP或Javascript）中的应用程序错误通常不表现为违反内存安全，无法使用依赖内存崩溃信号的标准错误机制进行检测。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">而针对上述的问题，作者设计了ATROPOS：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">提出了ATROPOS</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，一种新颖的</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于快照和反馈驱动</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">的Web应用模糊测试方法，可检测出8种类型的服务器端漏洞</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">引入了一种新的反馈机制</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，可以在运行时直接从解释器中提取相关信息，并为随机突变器提供信息。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(3)</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">介绍了8种新的错误检测机制</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，能够有效地检测出不同类型的服务器端漏洞，不需要重量级的程序分析技术或复杂工具，具有检测率高、报误率低的特点。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003230" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4951644100580271" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="517" style="width:552px;height:273px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cee4f29b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWRAoXicbMbT1Fs7AWAumicjcY65qatg5CZzG3JD9hFVC6zeufOqJSTI5w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  ATROPOS架构的概述图</span></span></strong></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ATROPOS的架构如图1所示。一般来说，模糊测试的对象是一个由多个进程组成的Web应用程序，例如，PHP解释器执行应用程序并与数据库、文件系统和其他潜在组件交互。由于组件都高度依赖于其状态和环境，因此需要在隔离的系统（例如，虚拟机）中运行，以便能够创建快照并重置状态。为了引导模糊测试过程，本文对PHP解释器进行插桩，以提供覆盖率反馈。ATROPOS内部的工作方式类似于AFL++等模糊测试器，使用了与AFL++相同的种子选择和优化算法，包含了经典的字节级变异操作。为了针对Web应用程序进行模糊测试，本文作者提出了一些改进，以应对Web环境中的独特挑战：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">文件选择</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：由于Web应用程序通常是由多个PHP文件组成的，且这些文件在测试前对测试器是已知的，因此ATROPOS在每次迭代中随机选择一个文件进行测试。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">多请求输入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：每个测试输入可以包含多个请求，使模糊测试器能够在一次迭代中顺序运行两个或更多的PHP文件。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">结构化输入变异</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：由于Web应用程序的请求高度结构化，ATROPOS提供了一个自定义的变异器，反映输入的键值结构。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．高级反馈机制</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Advanced Feedback Mechanisms）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">一个Web应用程序通常由解释器执行，该解释器从Web服务器接收输入，而服务器则从Web浏览器接收输入。为了降低开销并提高测试性能，本文使用FastCGI接口替代Web浏览器和服务器，以实现更直接的通信。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">因为PHP Web应用程序大量使用以键值对形式存在的语义令牌，所以需要高度结构化的输入。不同于传统模糊测试对输入进行随机变异，本文作者设计基于对Web应用程序输入的结构化表示，采用多种技术生成有意义的键值对。例如，识别Web应用程序期望的输入结构部分，并以字典的形式提供给模糊测试工具，使其能够精确地变异特定的键和值。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">以下技术构成了本文针对PHP Web应用程序的高级反馈机制，这些机制与测试器的覆盖率反馈相辅相成。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">推断应用程序特定的键</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">：当Web应用程序接收到请求时，会根据来自Web浏览器的请求填充多个全局映射（例如 $_GET、$_POST 或 $_SERVER），这些映射可供Web应用程序访问。因此模糊测试器也必须填充被Web应用程序访问的键。这些键通常是复杂的语义令牌，难以随机生成。ATROPOS通过挂钩PHP解释器访问这些全局映射的过程，实现对执行环境的完全控制。当检测到新的访问时，该挂钩会将被访问的键作为反馈提供给测试器，从而允许在下一次模糊迭代中设置预期的键。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">例如图1中的输入➊：在处理最初的随机输入abc=xyz时，Web应用程序访问了键page，挂钩将其报告为缺失的键。ATROPOS能够在后续的请求➋中设置该键。这个方法适用于动态生成和静态定义的键。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">推断预期值</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">：为了测试应用程序更深层的逻辑，模糊测试工具不仅需要正确的键，还需要特定的值，例如 page=login。传统的实现方法如污点分析、符号执行等存在状态爆炸和开销过大的问题。本文使用类似于输入与状态对应的启发式方法，针对Web应用程序进行了调整。在多数情况下，输入会直接与特定值进行比较，且Web应用程序的输入基于字符串，所以ATROPOS挂钩了PHP解释器中所有字符串比较函数，例如zend_string_equal_val。当ATROPOS遇到字符串比较时，挂钩会将相关信息作为反馈传递给测试器。在下次测试迭代中，可以随机将“错误”的值替换为预期值。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">在图1中，Web应用程序的第3行的if语句将随机输入xyz与预期值login进行比较。收到正确值作为反馈后，测试器可以将xyz替换为login，并在第三次测试迭代➌中发送有效输入page=login，从而解锁应用程序更深层的逻辑。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">该过程不仅适用于完整字符串的比较，还适用于部分字符串比较。但是对于一些极端的输入变换，如Hash加密和Base64编码时，仍具有挑战性。在本文中，作者强调困难不在于生成和维护HTTP输入格式，而在于推导出正确的键值对。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">推断正则表达式</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;font-family:mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing:0.034em;">：为在实际应用中，Web应用程序还会检查输入是否匹配正则表达式，例如验证输入是否为有效的电子邮件地址或电话号码，如图2所示，在这种情况下，ATROPOS使用上述机制，将观察到的正则表达式作为反馈传递给测试器。然后，测试器可以利用XEGER等工具生成一个符合该正则表达式的随机字符串。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">任务部分要求LLM为指定的库生成包含特定API集合的模糊测试驱动。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf="">上下文部分包括了包含上述API的头文件、API的签名、API所使用的类型定义。</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf="">上下文部分是对于所选API集合的补充说明。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">可以说，PromptFuzz的提示词由所选的API集合唯一确定。这样一来，本文所设定的变异提示词的目标就转化为了API集合的变异问题。</span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003234" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1251700680272109" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="735" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=e4deef03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWxicsmxPUJDj5myzGVBlTTGJGqeq7HgB0cbOnQv00UTQtpuXIFOlpzVQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 2 在执行时观察正则表达式，将其反馈给测试器</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></strong></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">推断HTML中的键</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">： ATROPOS会解析应用程序生成的HTML输出，提取可能有用的键或键值对。例如图3中所示，在登陆表单中将提取出键user和passwd。该方法是一种简单的爬虫形式，不会进一步请求页面。该方法是可选的，仅作为一种优化技术。通过上面提出的推</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">断机制可以在多次模糊测试迭代中发现所有被使用的键和值，但前提是Web应用程序至少访问过一次该键或值以触发反馈。通过这种爬取，测试器可以一次性发现嵌入在HTML输出中的所有静态键，但无法发现动态生成的键。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003235" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.18741633199464525" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="747" style="width:522px;height:98px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2b6dddc7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWuj5phVCHlnE2GeSJBohceOA4RS3qltQOAXul4h96c8DbpJ0C5sWUQw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> </span><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">3 HTML</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">登录页面的例子</span></font></b></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">由于收集并将反馈信息返回给测试器的过程成本较高，</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">ATROPOS</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">仅在每次新的输入产生新的覆盖时，执行一次动态高级反馈机制。因此，这种开销对于每个种子文件来说是一次性的，与整个模糊测试过程相比，额外开销可以忽略不计。</span></font></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．状态化的环境</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Stateful Environment）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了在不影响模糊测试效率的情况下满足 Web 应用程序维护复杂状态（例如会话、数据库、文件系统等）的需求，本文将 Web 应用程序运行在一个适合快照和恢复的隔离环境中。该方法与其他Web应用模糊测试工具（如WEBFUZZ）不同的是，后者需要通过人工领域的专家手动控制目标应用程序来实现，控制过程容易出错并且缺乏隔离性。若执行的代码更改文件系统、数据库等，会对后续执行产生重大影响，即使两次运行的输入相同，也可能导致触发的漏洞无法复现。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">模糊测试工具将Web应用程序运行在隔离环境中，使用针对模糊测试优化的快速快照，不仅可以在处理每个输入后便捷地恢复整个系统状态，还能保证发现的漏洞是可以复现的。为了实现该功能，本文作者将ATROPOS构建在NYX之上。ATROPOS在初始化所有资源（例如数据库）后创建一个快照，并在每次模糊测试迭代后恢复到该快照，即在 Web 应用程序处理完模糊测试输入或在一秒超时后恢复。由于在恢复后无需重新启动数据库或任何后台运行的应用程序，ATROPOS 避免了启动时的长时间初始化阶段。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">对于一些需要多个输入链式执行，且在多次执行之间不重置状态的漏洞，本文采取每N个输入后重置一次的策略。漏洞越复杂，所需的状态累积越多，模糊测试工具生成触发漏洞的输入的可能性就越低。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．漏洞检测机制</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Bug Oracle）</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">许多类型的Web应用程序软件故障不会表现为内存安全违规，因此不会导致崩溃，无法被识别为漏洞。基于这一观察，作者提出了一组定制的漏洞检测机制来识别此类漏洞。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">原理</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：本文的方法依赖于两个通用条件来识别漏洞：潜在的不安全函数表现出异常或可疑行为，通常会产生警告或错误；该不安全行为是由攻击者控制的输入触发的。满足这两个条件，漏洞检测机制就会报告找到的特定PHP漏洞。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者认为大多数常见漏洞都是由一些关键函数引起，例如mysqli_query() 或 unserialize()。通过对这些函数进行代码插桩，可以将它们转化为对特定漏洞类别敏感的漏洞检测机制。与静态分析不同的是，本文所提方法只对关键函数插桩，不会对整个PHP程序进行建模，并使用不同的输入执行Web应用程序。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">如图4中的a所示，测试器可能会生成一个输入并将其传递给mysqli_query()，从而生成一个无效的SQL查询。由于测试器生成的随机输入未经清理，该查询很有可能引发PHP语法错误或警告，这就满足了第一个条件可疑的函数行为，但并不意味着攻击者控制了查询。通过提出的反馈机制，ATROPOS可以在输入中插入一个特殊的字符串，并观察该字符串是否出现在查询中。若出现，则推断攻击者控制了查询。满足上述两个条件时，会报告漏洞。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">创新性</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：首次把使用错误作为代码审查反馈的技术与自动化推理相结合，以检查攻击者控制的输入是否到达特定的函数。这一过程得以高效实现，主要通过避免成本较高的技术（如污点分析），并采用了一种针对 Web 应用程序的输入与状态对应方法。本文为8种漏洞类型提供了检测机制，并将检测机制定位于PHP解释器中，即使在被测试的web应用程序禁用错误或警告输出时，也能够感知到漏洞。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">漏洞触发</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了加快找到触发错误的输入的过程，ATROPOS 包含了一个潜在漏洞触发字符串列表，例如包含不同引号的字符串，这些字符串常常需要用来突破SQL查询中的字符串。该方法类似于AFL 等模糊测试工具将“魔术值”插入输入中的方式。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">新的漏洞检测机制</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：作者为SQL 注入、远程代码执行、远程命令执行、本地和远程文件包含、PHP 对象注入、服务器端请求伪造（SSRF）、任意文件读取与写入、文件上传这8中种服务器端Web应用程序提出了定制的漏洞检测机制。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">SQL 注入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：如果未经清理的输入导致SQL查询在处理时出现语法错误，并且该查询包含由模糊测试工具控制的输入，则此漏洞检测机制会报告一个漏洞。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">远程代码执行</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：如果模糊测试工具控制的输入在编译动态 PHP 代码时引发语法错误（例如，在调用eval()时），该漏洞检测机制会报告一个漏洞。若输入由测试器随机生成，其无效的概率很高。图4中的b提供了一个关于eval()函数的简短示例。此外，ATROPOS 注入有效的PHP代码并执行时会报告一个漏洞，因为攻击者不应能够在 web 应用程序的上下文中执行自定义代码。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">远程命令执行</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：这个漏洞检测机制会监视尝试执行不存在的二进制文件的情况。此外，ATROPOS尝试注入一个命令，试图执行放置在虚拟机中的自定义二进制文件，从而自动触发该漏洞检测机制。如图4中c所示。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">4）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">本地和远程文件包含</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：如果调用与文件相关的函数（如 include() 或 require()）时出现错误，表明文件不存在，而文件路径中包含模糊测试工具控制的输入，则会报告文件包含漏洞，如图4中的d所示。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">5）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">PHP对象注入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：如果攻击者控制的输入最终进入反序列化调用unserialize()，则报告一个对象注入漏洞。由于序列化数据是结构化的输入，解析错误可以用来检测可疑行为，类似于 SQL 注入漏洞检测机制。如图4中的e所示。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">6）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">服务器端请求伪造</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：如果资源请求可以指向私有地址范围（例如，<a href="http://192.168.0.1），并且还包含模糊测试工具控制的输入，则该漏洞检测机制会报告" target="_blank">http://192.168.0.1），并且还包含模糊测试工具控制的输入，则该漏洞检测机制会报告</a> SSRF 漏洞，如图4中的f所示，通过控制file_get_contents()的主机。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">7）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">任意文件读取与写入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：由于很难判断哪些文件操作是恶意的，作者保守地将这个漏洞检测机制限制为PHP文件。若web应用程序尝试读取、写入、删除或重命名包含模糊测试工具控制的输入的 PHP 文件名时，则会触发此漏洞检测机制。此外，ATROPOS 会尝试提供一个标记PHP文件，该文件会触发漏洞检测机制，并根据对其应用的文件操作报告漏洞。如图4中的g所示。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">8）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">文件上传</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：由于该类漏洞的识别也高度依赖上下文语境，作者保守地认为仅上传PHP文件才是安全问题，如果通过相应的挂钩函数（move_uploaded_file()）上传PHP文件成功，则认为这个漏洞已被触发，如图4中的h所示。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003236" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.1521739130434783" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="598" style="width:434px;height:500px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7bac638b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVW8PITibsRdwxDy0lb1MO4u4AaVsHzR0anuySMNPB7aKzEfN7BMTIUYLA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">4 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">八种漏洞类型的代码示例</span></font></b></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">ATROPOS通过在PHP解释器中对特定的函数安装钩子来实现上述的漏洞检测机制，具体的函数如表1所示。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">表1 每个漏洞检测机制所挂钩的函数</span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003237" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.43021766965428937" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="781" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ec5eb7fb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWDt1xUkCibqvFVKzUrPpLBookibzGLLo8ba6ibE7ficT0T4gZfy7yQ4OLLA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、具体实现与实验</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．具体实现</span></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><span leaf=""> </span></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">使用C、Python和Nim构建了一个名为ATROPOS的原型。ATROPOS分为两个组件：（1）前端，负责生成输入并决定接下来要模糊测试的种子，(2)后端，负责在虚拟机中运行Web应用程序。这两个组件通过共享内存和超调hypercalls交换信息。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">ATROPOS的实现围绕着主要的模糊测试执行循环，循环需要：(1) 生成和变异输入，(2) 接收反馈，了解Web应用程序执行了哪些代码区域，(3) 报告发现的漏洞，(4) 恢复环境到其初始状态。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">生成输入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：通过ATROPOS前端自定义的变异器随机生成输入，并利用所提出的高级反馈机制优化输入。将输入转为FastCGI参数，并传递给虚拟机中的代理程序。ATROPOS支持的外部输入源主要是$_GET、$_POST、$_COOKIE、$_SERVER。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">执行输入</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：基于NYX框架构建ATROPOS，使用Ubuntu 22.04作为虚拟机的操作系统。系统内存有一个agent应用程序来创建和恢复快照、处理前端的输入。输入通过FastCGI从前端传递给虚拟机中的agent，agent模拟服务器的角色将输入转发给Web服务器，后台运行SQL服务器确保SQL查询成功，完成输入执行后，agent请求使用快照机制恢复系统到初始状态。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">代码覆盖率获取</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：通过pcov插件对PHP 7.4进行插桩以获取覆盖率反馈。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">运行时反馈：PHP 解释器和 pcov插件提供关于失败比较、缺失键和正则表达式执行的信息。这些反馈通过NYX超调传输到前端，被变异器读取。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．实验设置</span></span></strong></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本文在三个实验中评估了ATROPOS原型的实现。首先，检查ATROPOS是否能在各种基准测试中检测到比现有工具更多的漏洞，并比较其与现有工具在假阳性方面的表现。其次，分析ATROPOS与现有工具的代码覆盖率。最后，研究ATROPOS是否能够在真实的PHP Web应用程序中发现新的漏洞。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">本文使用了5台配置为ntel Xeon Gold 6230 @ 2.10GHz处理器（40个物理核心）、192GB内存，并搭载SSD存储的机器。为了更好地评估ATROPOS的能力，本文考虑两种场景：</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">1）单核模式：ATROPOS在单个核心上运行，作为基准。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">2）多核模式：ATROPOS在40个物理CPU核心上运行，更接近实际应用场景。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">这两种区分能够衡量ATROPOS在资源增加时的拓展能力。在单核模式下，设置运行10次，每次持续24小时。在多核模式下，单次运行960 CPU小时，完成3次运行。每次运行时种子集为空。具体的配置可见github界面。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">测试套件</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：本文选择了3个涵盖多种漏洞类型的测试套件作为漏洞基准：</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVWA)、Xtreme Vulnerable Web Application (XVWA)、buggy web application (bWAPP)</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。这3个测试套件共包含177,000行代码和52个与评估相关的服务端漏洞，涵盖了ATROPOS支持的8种漏洞类型，可以用来计算真阳性率和假阳性率。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">指标</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：使用检测到漏洞的中位数并向下取整，计算真阳性率（报告的实际漏洞在所有漏洞中的比例）和精确率（报告的漏洞中实际漏洞的比例）。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．实验评估</span></span></strong></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验1：查找漏洞的有效性</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在该实验中，作者评估了在3个测试套件中识别漏洞的能力，并统计了报误的数量。选取了4个静态分析工具：SONARQUBE、PROGPILOT、PSALM、PHPCS-SECURITY-AUDIT；选取了2个网络漏洞扫描器：ZED ATTACK PROXY (ZAP)、WAPITI；选取了3个针对Web应用的模糊测试工具：WITCHER、WFUZZ、CEFUZZ。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者为所有工具提供有效的会话（或登录凭证）和所有可访问 PHP 文件的列表。在最佳情况下，自动错误查找工具会发现所有错误，同时不会报告误报，即应该同时具有较高的真阳性率和较高的精确度。实验结果如表2所示，与静态分析工具相比，ATROPOS发现了更多的错误。只有ATROPOS、SONARQUBE 和 WITCHER 没有任何误报，但与此同时，ATROPOS 发现的错误比其他两个工具发现的错误总和要多。WFUZZ 没有发现任何错误，因为它的爬虫和错误查找能力受到严重限制，除非使用正确的键值配对设置 GET、POST 和 Cookie 手动指向特定的目标 URL。CEFUZZ在DVWA和bWAPP测试套件中都发现了8个远程命令/代码执行漏洞，ATROPOS也达到了相同的结果，并且还能检测到额外类别的漏洞。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">2 </span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">静态分析工具、</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">fuzzer</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">和</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">IR-Fuzz</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">的准确率比较</span></font></b></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003238" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4064602960969044" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="743" style="width:519px;height:211px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2e33c7c0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWDic6FsqIBzXPmjqWiaSpmaE9f9sSttsh7YicU6gvDtEEAKhYYGbxTO6Tw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">二阶漏洞</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：DVWA中有一个二阶漏洞，这要求攻击者首先执行一个PHP文件并在会话中存储一个值，然后执行另一个PHP文件，在这个文件中，这个值在SQL查询中被使用时没有经过清理。ATROPOS成功触发了这个漏洞。在静态分析和网络扫描工具中，只有PHPCS-SECURITY-AUDIT检测到了这个漏洞，但它还报告了额外的27个此类漏洞的误报。作者认为，ATROPOS 不需要执行污点分析来追踪跨多个执行步骤的输入，这使得这一漏洞类型对于静态分析工具来说很难检测到。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">漏报漏洞</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：在40核心的运行中，ATROPOS 仅遗漏了3个漏洞：两个是与文件上传相关的漏洞，一个是 XVWA 中的远程命令执行漏洞。上传漏洞的遗漏可能是由于缺乏足够好的种子来生成特定的HTTP请求头部和键值对，而远程命令执行漏洞可能与文件覆盖不完全有关。此外，一个上传漏洞需要通过一个罕见的 getimagesize() 检查，ATROPOS 通过了该检查并成功触发漏洞。这表明种子库的质量对漏洞发现至关重要。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验2：代码覆盖率评估</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者使用覆盖率引导的模糊测试器WEBFUZZ和黑盒Web应用模糊测试器WFUZZ作为基线进行评估，并且计算了ZAP 和 WAPITI 的代码覆盖率。测试目标除了上面的三个测试套件外，还包含了10个真实的Web应用程序，其中有3个单页应用程序。为了使不同工具的代码覆盖率结果具有可比性，所有的工具都使用WEBFUZZ的插桩机制。对于除ATROPOS 以外的所有工具，手动删除负责注销或重置数据库的文件，以避免在维护状态时出现问题。对于 ZAP 和 WAPITI，使用相应的用户登录凭据进行配置。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">让所有工具在单核心上运行十次，每次24小时，并使用Mann-Whitney U测试进行统计显著性分析。通过计算每个 Web 应用程序相对改进的几何平均值来得出平均改进。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">结果如图5所示，ATROPOS 在13个Web应用程序中的12个上实现了最高的代码覆盖率。平均而言，ATROPOS比ZAP多覆盖了63%的基本块，比WAPITI多46%，比WFUZZ多80%，比WEBFUZZ多50%。根据 Mann-Whitney U测试，除DOWN52之外的所有案例中，这些覆盖率差异在显著</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">性水平p &lt; 0.05 下均具有统计显著性。在DOWN52的测试中</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，几乎所有工具的运行都达到了代码覆盖的饱和状态。该实验表明，仅尝试所有可能的输入（如WFUZZ）存在严重限制，而简单的Web爬虫机制（如 ZAP、WAPITI 和 WEBFUZZ）则更为有用。然而，更关键的因素是解决 Web 应用程序中特有条件的能力（例如字符串比较）以及发现 HTML 输出中未直接嵌入的键和值的能力。ATROPOS的设计使其能够完成这两项任务，从而显著提高了代码覆盖率。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><img data-imgfileid="100003239" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2924187725631769" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=30679301&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWiaMicP5TcvQXufLskhb0A41C2QJz3FOBllCMq3gKItiaCAzvhbS5g1ozQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 </span><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">5 </span></font></strong><b><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">24</span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">小时内每个目标相对于表现最佳的工具的基本块覆盖率</span></font></b></p></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">执行吞吐量：本实验还测量了WEBFUZZ和ATROPOS在bWAPP上的执行次数。ATROPOS 在bWAPP上的执行效率远超WEBFUZZ，在相同时间内，ATROPOS 执行的输入数量是 WEBFUZZ 的2.3倍。尽管 WEBFUZZ 配置了8个并发工作线程，但它没有尝试恢复运行环境，导致性能下降。实验表明，避免HTTP请求，绕过Web服务器显著提升了ATROPOS的性能。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验3：发现现实世界中的漏洞</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">该实验用于检测ATROPOS在现实世界中检测软件漏洞的能力。作者选取了56个运行在PHP 7.4上的Web应用程序进行模糊测试，共发现了7个漏洞。为了验证静态分析和网络漏洞扫描器是否能找到相同的漏洞，以及ATROPOS是否具有优势，作者对所有目标运行了这些工具，并检查它们是否能找到 ATROPOS 报告的漏洞。实验结果表明ATROPOS是唯一能发现所有漏洞的工具，静态分析工具平均只能发现大约40%的漏洞。ZAP、WAPITI和WFUZZ没有发现任何漏洞。具体情况如表3所示。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">表3 ATROPOS和其他工具在发现现实漏洞中的表现</span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003240" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.18411552346570398" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=11e1d64a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWSovqLbKxNAtCS50AmaEvRw6hvichIaHcl3ztOzCibKYkMNFic33mZE7mQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">实验4：消融实验</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了研究ATROPOS各个组件的有效性，作者设计了一个基础版本的，禁用所有的高级反馈机制，然后逐步添加一个个功能。通过这种方式，衡量键提取、值提取、爬虫优化以及正则表达式推断的影响。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">使用bWAPP作为测试对象，对所有的变体进行三次24小时的实验，并比较发现的漏洞数量和代码覆盖率的中位数。具体结果如表4中所示，随着反馈机制的增加，发现的漏洞数量也会增加。禁用键值推断机制显著减少了覆盖率，因为随机生成的字符串不太可能深入应用程序更深的层次，无法触发漏洞。添加了正则表达式推断机制后相对差异不大，可能是因为该效果根据Web应用程序的不同而有所变化。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">表</span></span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">4 </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">在</span></span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">bWAPP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">上进行消融实验的结果</span></span></font></b></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003241" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4270833333333333" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="576" style="width:417px;height:178px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b5f8638c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlo6wIib0DUgaS1RBEpFGjLVWEzalP69QB7RXBUXRSbVX5v2TX6GsJEHFuNS9wN3zFvkfETV1A6YQhA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style=""><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、讨论和局限性</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">资源使用</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：尽管 ATROPOS需要几个小时才能完成分析，而一些静态分析工具（如 PSALM）仅需几分钟。但在大多数情况下，自动化过程仍然比雇佣人工分析师更具成本效益，尤其是在处理误报时。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">其他漏洞类别</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：ATROPOS目前支持八类服务器端漏洞，但存在一些限制。例如，它只能检测是否能上传任意PHP文件，而无法识别其他可能的危险扩展。此外，ATROPOS当前无法检测如会话固定和XML外部实体等漏洞，尽管这些漏洞较为少见。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">执行速度</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：对于复杂的Web应用程序需要更多的CPU核心才能满足高效的执行需求，为了提高执行速度，可能需要采用增量快照跳过初始化过程或仅测试特定函数的方式进行优化。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">假阳性和假阴性</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：假阳性发生在攻击者控制的输入被清洗后仍导致错误或警告，从而误报漏洞。假阴性则是由于保守的报告策略导致某些漏洞未被检测到，例如只报告PHP文件的漏洞，而忽略其他文件类型的漏洞。通过测试，发现假阳性较少，而假阴性则可能错过特定文件类型的漏洞。</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">与网络漏洞扫描器对比</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：ATROPOS是直接测试PHP文件，而不是通过爬取页面输出来发现漏洞，能实现更细粒度的代码覆盖。但其在处理复杂页面重定向时表现不佳。未来，ATROPOS可以结合HTML爬虫来提升其在复杂场景中的表现。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在本研究中，作者展示了如何将二进制模糊测试原理扩展并调整，以便在Web应用程序中有效且高效地检测服务器端漏洞。该论文的工作为</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">检测Web应用程序中的漏洞提供了一个实用的替代方案</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，与静态分析相比更具实用性。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002863" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" width="677px" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section 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      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 2025 11:35:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>Bleem: 面向数据包序列的协议模糊测试 | 技术进展</title>
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      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
<span></span> <span>2025-01-12 16:36</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 16px;visibility: visible;"><section><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Bleem: Packet Sequence Oriented Fuzzing for Protocol </span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Implementations</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Zhengxiong Luo; Junze Yu; Feilong Zuo; Jianzhong Liu; Yu Jiang; Ting Chen; Abhik Roychoudhury; Jiaguang Sun；</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity23/" target="_blank">https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity23/</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">presentation/luozhengxiong</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">USENIX Security Symposium 2023</span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 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0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">协议安全是网络通信安全的基石。由于网络协议常直接暴露于网络环境之中，其必须妥善处理各种潜在的恶意威胁。尽管传统协议模糊测试工具已广泛应用于协议漏洞的检测中，并揭示了众多安全隐患，但它们仍具有一些局限性。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">首先，当前的数据包生成策略效率较低且资源浪费较多。传统模糊测试工具，诸如Peach，依赖于预定义模型生成数据包，缺乏实时的程序状态反馈机制。这意味着测试工具无法即时获知生成的输入是否触发了新的程序行为或引起了状态变化，从而限制了检测效能的提升。随后兴起的基于覆盖率反馈的模糊测试方法，虽然弥补了这一不足，却也带来了新的挑战：（一）这些反馈机制往往要求修改源代码或二进制文件，当协议实现是黑盒时可能是不可行的；（二）一些协议的特定验证规则可能会使现有的进化过程无效。例如，一些常见的协议，如TLS、DTLS和SSH，在握手过程中使用随机的中断，以防止“重放攻击”。在这种场景中，在之前探索中保留的有价值的输入可能不再重现有趣的行为。</span></section></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">此外，由于协议是有状态的，有效地遍历巨大的状态空间并覆盖各种状态转换需要精心设计的数据包序列。然而，构造这样的数据包序列并不简单，因为它涉及到复杂的协议逻辑。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">因此，针对于上述问题，作者提出了一种<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">面向数据包序列的黑盒模糊测试工具BLEEM</span>以解决上述问题，在如下两方面做出了创新：</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1)首先，作者提出了一种<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">新的动态反馈机制。该反馈机制在运行时会收集目标系统的数据包输出序列，分析其中蕴含的语义信息，从而抽象出系统内部的状态转换；</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2)其次，作者设计了<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">系统状态跟踪图SSTG来指导数据包序列的生成。系统状态跟踪图能记录已经探索的状态空间，并能为达到未知状态提供指导；</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Bleem的基本框架如下图所示，主要由三部分组成：</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(1) 被测系统（SUT）：网络协议通常遵循客户端-服务器模式。传统模糊测试在测试协议时，主要针对协议的一端。例如，为了测试协议的服务器端，传统fuzzer会充当客户端不断向服务器端发送数据包进行测试。而<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">Bleem则将发送数据的双方视为一个整体</span>。被测系统中一端发送的数据会先进入Bleem进行分析和处理，然后再发送给另一端。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(2) 反馈收集模块：反馈收集模块会先捕获SUT执行期间的数据包。然后，对包进行分析，提取其中的关键语义信息，之后，将数据包序列抽象成为一种包含客户端和服务器状态信息的序列，作为SUT的反馈传递给模糊测试引导模块。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">(3) 模糊测试引导模块：模糊测试引导模块会将反馈的状态信息序列合并到系统状态跟踪图（SSTG）中，并通过设计的引导性的序列生成策略选择数据包中的变异位置和要应用的突变操作，生成新的数据包传递给接收端，以有效地探索状态空间。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003205" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.7376146788990826" data-type="png" data-w="545" style="width:100%;" data-backw="545" data-backh="402" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4cf94061&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PpFCwCIibjT80AnPjIO1mtRjlrEJFgS4NVPC0D5UEFoDLVZtyhRYxgMQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 1  Bleem流程概述图</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、反馈收集模块</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">为了提高Bleem的反馈能力并使其能适应黑盒的场景，作者提出了一种基于被测系统输出获得系统反馈的方法，具体工作流程如图2所示。</span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003206" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.18542199488491048" data-type="png" data-w="782" style="width:100%;" data-backw="578" data-backh="107" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=24a80d48&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PxnrghRpSGBjNFAg3qSMsJcNZgLKGR7LUniacFnRc91DGXIuPn6hDs8A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="">图 2 反馈收集工作流程</span></span></strong></section><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">过滤数据包序列</span>：在模糊测试过程中，Bleem为了在系统捕获的流量中挑选出能表示SUT状态的数据包，会<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">只考虑由被测系统发送出的数据包，过滤掉经过Bleem分析和处理后发送给被测系统的包</span>。</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">数据包抽象</span>： 为了表示SUT的状态，直接使用具体的数据包可能会造成混淆，因为有些字段，例如数据字段，与系统状态的关联很低。 因此需要提取出数据包中所携带的和被测系统状态相关的关键语义信息。作者通过对50多个协议的调查，发现枚举字段中的不同值通常代表不同类型的包或帧。因此，作者<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">保留数据包中的枚举字段中值来表示该数据包</span>，具体过程如图3所示。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003207" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4504065040650406" data-type="png" data-w="615" style="width:100%;" data-backw="463" data-backh="209" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4bf58818&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2Pw9ibJBu5ibkqshQzqEsr6YtwW2hW4dBQmpF23ib08szMvBm21mumxFfNQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 3 数据包抽象</span></span></strong></section><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">数据包处理</span>：为了方便构建状态跟踪序列以及准确的表示被测系统当前状态，作者<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">将来自同一发送端在未接收到另一端发送的下一数据包前的相邻抽象数据包合并在一起</span>，得到该发送端的当前状态ω。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">构造状态跟踪序列</span>：对于一个抽象数据包序列 π: {ω1,ω2,...,ωn}，单个抽象数据包还不足以描述整个系统的当前状态，为此，作者构造了 &lt; T1(ω1) | T2(ω2)&gt;来代表T1发送ω1响应T2发送的ω2请求，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">通过将被响应的数据包和当前发送的数据包作为一个整体来描述系统的当前状态</span>，具体过程如图4所示。</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003208" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.6848249027237354" data-type="png" data-w="514" style="width:385px;height:264px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=aabfcc93&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PoNmhQ5iaicgdjic8WGnqgiaUjiasm639qRXl9xBRNfCVRmAGWVfVOK4t6hw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 4 构造状态跟踪序列</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、模糊测试引导模块</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">系统状态跟踪图(SSTG)</span>：系统状态跟踪图将会记录被测系统的状态转换过程，以及在这个过程中所使用的突变操作序列。P⊕σ就可以表示为使用突变操作σ对数据包P进行变异所产生的包，其将视为系统状态转换的条件。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">系统状态跟踪图是不确定性有限自动机（NFA）的一个变体</span>，可以用5元组(Q,q0,Ω,Σ,∆)表示。其中Q是SUT状态的有限集合，q0是初始状态，Ω是一个抽象数据包的字母表，Σ是一组突变算子，∆定义了一个转换函数Q× {Ω⊕Σ} →P(Q)，具体如图5所示。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003209" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.15144508670520232" data-type="png" data-w="865" style="width:100%;" data-backw="578" data-backh="88" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b76d6162&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PP2IBVicXTicIEKtiamwLExpVFONAj4x5OibbYK1USKqIfd9vKKPv9x8qfg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5 系统状态跟踪图</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">序列生成引导</span>：为了根据反馈信息全面的探索被测系统，作者设计了相应算法来对序列生成进行引导，具体算法如图6所示。作者利用所提出的突变算符（第1-4行）来压力测试每个具有不同输入的SSTG状态。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">具体来说，对于每个SUT状态转变中发送的基础包α,Bleem将选择一个之前未选择的突变操作符σ构造一个不同的包模式α⊕σ作为测试输入</span>。在遍历完SSTG后，将转向低密度区域来促进对SSTG的全面遍历。从初始状态（第7行）开始，然后循环运行，直到达到结束状态（第8行）：在每个步骤中，在相应状态的可用转换中选择基于执行次数确定的优先级中最高的一个变异操作（第9行），记录相应包模式（第10行），然后进行此转换（第11行）。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003211" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.8601694915254238" data-type="png" data-w="708" style="width:523px;height:450px;" data-backw="578" data-backh="497" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=dda93c40&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PtXFRdeaZ1WufM8bbZdzzA4FuD9T0PCRhhtfYJ4Nfw65OViaaIUzB6ibA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 6 引导算法</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">变异操作</span>：作者设计了<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">包级别的变异操作</span>和<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">序列级别的变异操作</span>来完成对数据的变异。包级别的变异将在给定的数据包中随机选择几个字段，并根据字段类型进行相应的突变操作。序列级别的变异包括数据包的重复和数据包顺序的修改。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、实验设计及结果</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">(一). 实验设置</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">作者选取了部分常见的开源协议（如图7）和一些主流物联网制造商的固件使用中所包含的协议作为测试目标。作者选择了学术界和工业界广泛使用的三个著名的黑盒协议模糊器作为黑盒方案的基准，包括Peach、BooFuzz[2]和Snipuzz[3]。此外，为了证明BLEEM的有效性，也选择了AFLNet[4]和SGFuzz[5]这两种最先进的集成了覆盖和状态反馈的灰盒协议模糊测试工具进行比较。由于固有的随机性，模糊测试性能会有一定程度的波动，因此作者在每个选定的项目上使用了24小时的时间预算来运行每个模糊测试工具，并重复了每个24小时的实验10次。为了公平起见，每个模糊测试活动都在一个配置有1个CPU核心和1G RAM的Docker容器上运行。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003212" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.5701298701298702" data-type="png" data-w="770" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3e8d7b2e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PkHIV3T5SF1cianiapPV9oRxVkFHx0c8jLMiaeSYdriaC5oibc9dCS7S8Bsw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 7 选择的开源协议</span></span></strong></section><section><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">(二). 具体实验</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">实验一：覆盖率分析</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">图8显示了服务器端被不同的模糊测试工具所覆盖的分支数量。在24小时内，BLEEM的分支覆盖率分别比Snipuzz、AFLNet、SGFuzz、BooFuzz和Peach分别高40.3%、35.7%、23.4%、48.9%和28.5%。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003213" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4375" data-type="png" data-w="864" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6bfb015a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PFicA9tgb2vfIX4zeot1L94uBibuJFETAuHM55k2kyMhFObMYZGCVicaLA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 8 覆盖率统计</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style=""><strong><span style="font-size:14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="text-decoration: none;">实验二：bug发现能力</span></span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">开源方面，作者使用AddressSanitizer和UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer（也称为ASan和UBSan）报告的唯一漏洞数量作为统一指标。BLEEM已经在几个广泛使用的知名协议中检测到了15个新的漏洞，并在分配了10个CVE标识符。图9总结了BLEEM以及其他模糊测试工具发现的漏洞。具体来说，Peach、BooFuzz、AFLNet、SGFuzz和Snipuzz分别发现了8个、5个、6个、7个和5个漏洞，而且都是BLEEM发现漏洞的子集。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003215" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4346820809248555" data-type="png" data-w="865" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=66d76313&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PGHkmHCMBG2Fbib0M9NdFamUZeq2cnhZ7mfRWbZbfcCiajRoSMTMBlsVw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 9 发现开源协议未知bug的数量</span></span></strong><section style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">闭源方面，作者将Bleem与选定的黑盒模糊测试工具进行了比较，并使用网络相关的监视器通过端口探测检测服务的活跃性来发现崩溃。作者使用首次崩溃时间作为评估这些模糊测试工具漏洞检测能力的度量标准。如图10所示，与其他模糊测试工具相比，Bleem实现了最佳的CVE发现性能。Bleem和Peach都能找到所有这些CVE漏洞，而BooFuzz和Snipuzz分别只能找到3个和1个。平均而言，BLEEM至少比Peach、BooFuzz和Snipuzz分别快7.5倍、13.3倍和87.1倍发现崩溃，这证明了BLEEM相对于最新技术的效率提升。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003217" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.2088167053364269" data-type="png" data-w="862" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1516e4fe&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PLW5D46gRo4ubc5xqgtujrficv6EkQrrj1XLv4cyBiaR6RgoXxRM1ClmQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 10 发现闭源协议未知bug的数量</span></span></strong></section><section style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px; font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;text-decoration: none;">实验三：序列生成有效性的评估</span></span></span></strong><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了评估引导序列生成的有效性，作者实现了BleemRand，即Bleem的一个变体，用随机序列选择取代它，并保持SSTG结构不变进行比较。“Paths”列显示在SSTG构建过程中发现的唯一状态跟踪的数量；“Len”列显示这些路径的平均长度；“Types”列显示抽象数据包（连接后）的不同类型数量，它们是SUT状态的元素；“Nodes”和“Trans”列分别表示SSTG的状态和状态转换数量；“Branch Coverage”显示了整个SUT的已达到的唯一分支覆盖率，包括两侧的覆盖率。图11显示了每个指标的平均值。从图11的每一行来看，作者提出的SSTG的复杂性与数据包类型和所覆盖的唯一分支大致呈正相关，说明SSTG可以在一定程度上反映SUT的系统内部的执行状态。在引导序列生成策略的帮助下，Bleem平均比BleemRand多实现5.7%的独特分支，而且服务器上的改进通常与客户端上的提升程度基本一致。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003218" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.9652777777777778" data-type="png" data-w="864" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2a5631f9&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqhicVN0NtrttGjpBl7ytA2PfmOib2fs0Crza36CuU2kmOISG4BsRCeGzda2jQYSkqDjzEtyjQZfmqw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 11 序列生成有效性的评估</span></span></strong></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">作者提出了<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">一个面向数据包序列的协议模糊测试工具，采用一种进化的方法来探索大量的协议状态空间</span>。该工具通过分析输出序列来生成系统反馈，并通过所提出的引导模糊策略来动态调整探索方向。同时，BLEEM通过利用观察到的交互流量生成具有高度协议逻辑感知的数据包序列。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">与最先进的模糊测试工具相比，BLEEM可以在真实协议测试场景中实现更高的覆盖范围并检测更多的错误。并且BLEEM可以黑盒测试大多数通用的协议</span>。</span></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 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      <pubDate>Sun, 12 Jan 2025 16:36:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>HirGen：针对深度学习编译器的模糊测试技术</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247486850&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=dced461f84a7bc0c0fce0bc7d690ea72</link>
      <description></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-01-10 11:55</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Fuzzing Deep Learning Compilers with HirGen</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><strong><span leaf="" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);">原文作者：</span></strong><span leaf="" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Haoyang Ma; Qingchao Shen; Yongqiang Tian; Junjie Chen; Shing-Chi Cheung*</span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><strong><span leaf="" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);">原文链接：</span></strong><span leaf="" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/" target="_blank">https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/</a></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3597926.3598053</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, 2023</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://github.com/haoyang9804/HirGen/" target="_blank">https://github.com/haoyang9804/HirGen/</a></span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">深度学习（Deep Learning，DL）编译器被</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">广泛用于优化先进的DL模型使其可以在不同硬件上高效部署</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。他们的质量对编译的DL模型的质量产生了深远影响。最近的bug研究表明，高层中间表示优化是最容易出错的编译阶段，这个阶段的bug占整个编译过程收集到的bug的44.92%。然而，现存的测试技术都没有考虑到高级优化相关的特征，因此在高级优化阶段发现bug的效果很差。为了应对这一问题，我们提出了Hirgen，一种</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">可以有效地检测高层中间表示优化中的错误的自动测试工具</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。Hirgen的设计包括：1.生成多样化且有效的计算图的三个覆盖标准；2.使用高层中间表示的语言特征生成不同的中间表示；3.三种测试判定方法，其中两种分别基于变形测试和差分测试的理念。Hirgen已经成功检测出TVM中的21个bug，其中17个被确认并且有12个已经被修复。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、研究动机</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">DL编译器是针对DL模型优化和部署的工具，TVM、Glow、XLA和nGraph等编译器已经展现出了良好的效果。但是和传统编译器一样，DL编译器也容易出现错误，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">这些错误可能会导致非预期的行为，导致DL模型出现崩溃、错误或者性能下降等情况</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，对自动驾驶、飞机避碰等DL模型应用程序产生严重影响。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">目前已经提出了一些针对DL编译器错误的技术，例如TZER、TVMFuzz、MT-DLComp和NNSmith，并且已经取得一些成果，但是</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">这些技术在测试用例生成和测试判断标准的设计没有考虑DL模型生成中高层IR的语言特性，也未在测试判定设计中考虑高级优化</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，因此检测高级优化错误的效率低下甚至完全无法检测这一阶段的错误，而高级优化错误在DL编译器产生的错误中占比很大。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了解决这一问题，本文提出了HirGen，一种专注于DL编译器在高级优化阶段的fuzz技术，其设计实现了以下四个方面：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）HirGen在每次插入算子节点时，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">通过利用现有节点的信息（包括类型、形状和连接关系）执行类型检查和形状检查</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，以满足完整性约束（数据类型匹配和向量维度匹配）来控制高级IR，从而避免在DL编译器调用优化之前发生崩溃。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）HirGen通过输入空间的</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">覆盖引导探索</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">多样的算子节点、算子边和算子类型和数据类型的结合，以生成多样化的计算图。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（3）HirGen能够</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">从单个计算图构建多样化的高级IR</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，从而充分利用IR的语言特性。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（4）HirGen</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">集成了三种测试判定方法</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">，其中两种是专门为DL编译器设计的，以使其具备检测多种高级优化错误的能力</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">除了功能正确性外，HirGen还能</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">测试DL编译器的鲁棒性</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。具体来说，HirGen提供了生成无效计算图（违反类型约束和形状约束）的选项，测试DL编译器是否能够捕获这些无效的计算图并抛出预期的异常。通过这种方式，HirGen 还能检测因异常处理错误而导致的Bug。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003192" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.40673886883273164" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:556px;height:226px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=61e5c1a6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqFibFj2y3TfqeyrqA3AUuBHxURMFo9bpQLm6mm7oIbyGH9f0XxfpezusDmPiabia88DiaBeLskMnWbjg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 1  HirGen的Workflow图</span></strong></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen的workflow如图1所示，其维护了一个包含58个算子的算子池，这些算子可以通过流行的高层框架（例如Relay 、ONNX ）的高层IR表达。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen首先加载现有的覆盖信息，根据覆盖信息生成一个计算图，并从最新生成的图中更新覆盖信息。随后，HirGen利用高层框架（如Relay或ONNX）将计算图转换为高层IR，并将其输入到DL编译器中。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了高效捕获目标DL编译器中的缺陷，除了常用的崩溃测试判定（oracle crash）外，HirGen还基于</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">变异测试（metamorphic testing）</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">和</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">差分测试（differential testing</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">）</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">的理念，构建了两种测试判定方法。任何违反这些判定条件的测试用例都会被视为编译器Bug的证据，并报告给开发者。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen中包括三个关键功能模块：</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">计算图生成（Computational Graph Generation）</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen采用两种严格生成和扰动生成两种生成模式，使用算子-数据类型，算子-向量形状 、算子-算子边三种覆盖引导多样化的计算图生成。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">高级IR生成（High-Level IR Generation）</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen使用Relay、ONNX等框架将计算图中每个节点转换为相应的高级表达式并组装成高级IR。除开这种普通转换，还充分利用了这些框架的原始特性，从生成的计算图中提取一个子图将其封装为函数，从而增加生成测试用例的多样性，还能更有针对性地测试编译器在复杂场景下的表现。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">测试判定方法（Test Oracles）</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen采用三种测试判定方法，在常用的crash判定之外，还针对DL编译器设计了两种判定方法。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．计算图生成</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Computational Graph Generation）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen将计算图的生成过程认为是</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">向空计算图中插入算子节点直到节点数量达到阈值</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。在每次迭代中，HirGen从算子池中选择一个算子，将其加载到计算图中作为节点并与其他节点建立连接。同时，HirGen维护每个节点的信息，包括数据类型、张量形状和连接信息。此外，HirGen还利用三个覆盖标准来提高图的多样性。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">基于这些前提条件，HirGen提供了两种生成模式。其一是在计算图生成时进行严格的类型检查和形状检查，保证生成的计算图的有效性；另一种则是故意破坏类型约束和形状约束，生成错误的计算图来测试 DL 编译器的异常处理能力。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">节点信息</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：向计算图中插入节点需要图中所有节点的信息做类型检查和形状检查，节点信息描述了节点的典型特征，每种类型的节点都有自己的节点信息，如表1所示。</span></section><table style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insideh:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-insidev:0.5000pt solid windowtext;mso-padding-alt:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;width:573px;"><tbody><tr><td data-colwidth="90" width="90" valign="top" style="width:84.8000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Node Type</span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td data-colwidth="483" width="483" valign="top" style="width:330.0000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1;"><b><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Node Information</span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td></tr><tr><td data-colwidth="90" width="90" valign="top" style="width:84.8000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">V</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">ariable</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td data-colwidth="483" width="483" valign="top" style="width:330.0000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">data</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">T</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">ype</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">，</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">tensorShape</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td data-colwidth="90" width="90" valign="top" style="width:84.8000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">C</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">onstant</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td data-colwidth="483" width="483" valign="top" style="width:330.0000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">d</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">ata</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">T</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">ype</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">，</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">tensorShape</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">，</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">value</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td data-colwidth="90" width="90" valign="top" style="width:84.8000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">O</span></span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">perator</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td data-colwidth="483" width="483" valign="top" style="width:330.0000pt;padding:0.0000pt 5.4000pt 0.0000pt 5.4000pt;border-left:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-left-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-right:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-right-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1.0000pt solid windowtext;mso-border-bottom-alt:0.5000pt solid windowtext;"><p style="text-align:left;mso-outline-level:1;"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">dataType</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">，</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">parentNodes</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">，</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">tensorShape=INFERENCE</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">（</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">parentNodes</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">）</span></font></span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">表</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">1 </span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">节点信息</span></font></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen考虑以下三种类型的节点信息</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">变量节点</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：包括数据类型dataType和张量形状tensorShape，用于描述此节点中封装张量的详细信息。dataType对应张量中所有元素的数据类型，例如float64和float32，tensorShape是一个向量，表示张量所有维度的尺寸。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">常量节点</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在dataType和tensorShape，常量节点还使用张量的值value作为节点信息的一部分。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">算子节点</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">算子需要参数，因此算子节点都与图中其他节点相连接，为了记录每个算子节点的连接信息，除了数据类型，HirGen还记录该节点连接的父节点 parentNodes，以及从父节点推断出的张量形状。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">覆盖引导</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：为了保证计算图生成过程中数据类型、张量形状和算子的多样性，HirGen采用了三种覆盖引导标准。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">算子-数据类型覆盖</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：opi是算子池中的第i个算子，dtypej是数据类型集合中的第j个数据类型，如果计算图中已经包含数据类型为dtypej的opi算子节点，则不会继续插入此类节点。通过算子-张量形状覆盖，HirGen引导在计算图生成时引入不同的算子并使用多样化的数据类型，从而更好地检测数据类型问题。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">算子-张量形状覆盖</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：设opi为算子池中的第i个算子，设shape为该算子节点插入计算图后输出张量的形状，如果计算图中已经包含输出张量形状为dtypej的opi算子节点，则不会继续插入此类节点。通过算子-张量形状覆盖，HirGen尝试使用多样化的张量形状进行各种计算，从而增加发现计算问题的可能性，例如某些算子在特定形状下的实现不佳，或在不同平台上的计算结果不一致。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">算子-算子边覆盖</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：opi和opj是算子池中的第i个和第j个算子，如果存在从opi类型节点向opj类型节点的连接，则不再将opi类型节点插入到opj类型节点之后。这样，生成的计算图包含更复杂，更深层的数据流，而不是几个简单数据流的并行连接。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">其中前两种覆盖引导策略的基于DL编译器中类型问题和维度问题设计的。第三种覆盖引导策略使计算图的数据流复杂化，引导在计算图中交错使用不同的算子。通过这三种覆盖引导策略，能够避免计算图生成过程中产生重复的子图（由于高层优化通常涉及识别、注释、重构和缩减可优化子图，重复的子图只能发现重复的Bug。）。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">约束感知的计算图生成</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：算法1展示了HirGen用于生成严格遵循高层 IR 类型和形状约束的计算图的两个过程，分别是主要函数generation和辅助函数preinsert。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">初始化阶段</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：初始化在算法的第2行到第5行执行，其创建一个空的计算图并将节点数量设置为0，同时初始化算子池和数据类型集合。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">循环生成阶段</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在每次迭代中（6-17行），HirGen创建一个算子节点，更新其节点信息，并在该节点产生一种新覆盖时将其插入到计算图中。具体来讲，HirGen在算子池和数据类型集合中随机选择（第7、8行），然后从计算图中查找合适的连接并推断新生成的算子节点的张量形状（第9行），接着，HirGen检查覆盖，并在检查新的覆盖时（即三项覆盖指标任意一项有增加）执行更新和插入操作（10-16行）。每次更新信息时都将节点数量加1，直到达到阈值终止迭代并返回计算图。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">preinsert中展示了建立连接和张量形状推断的具体细节，HirGen使用目标DL编译器的类型约束、形状约束进行类型、形状检查（第21、22行），避免类型和张量形状的不匹配，并将已有节点分组，使每一组中的节点都是张量形状兼容且与新插入节点类型兼容发的。HirGen会随机选择一组节点作为参数节点（第23行）。每一种算子节点所需要的参数数量都是固定的，如果选择的参数节点数量不足，则会创建变量或常量节点作为参数节点，将其添加到计算图中并更新节点信息（24-28行）。最后，HirGen创建连接信息（29-31行），推断新节点张量形状（第32行），返回给主函数generation。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003195" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.206896551724138" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="812" style="width:472px;height:570px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=d495be2b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqFibFj2y3TfqeyrqA3AUuBHIHic6TYHn8dcOGcCd5kIuIc7l3gQEzLmPibB13EE7aNUNG1jB19hOHEQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">扰动生成模式</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">：扰动生成模式与常规的计算图生成很相似，其需要覆盖信息来记录哪些约束已经被打破，也需要节点信息用于插入打破约束的节点。扰动生成模式以两种方法打破约束：</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）将算子节点连接到DL编译器不接受的数据类型的节点（例如将add算子节点与数据类型为bool的节点连接）</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）将数据类型和张量形状不兼容的节点相连接</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．高级IR生成</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（High-Level IR Generation）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">通过relay、ONNX等框架，高级IR的生成非常简单。算法2展示了将计算图转化为高级IR表示方式的方法，</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">利用了relay提供的将子图包装为函数的功能特性</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，可以使用同一个计算图生成多样化的高级IR。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003197" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.914560770156438" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:456px;height:417px;" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=92ca7f90&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqFibFj2y3TfqeyrqA3AUuBH2FZ3nbfSwN6axjB6qkh9r89ZYh7iaw48wd33MvH30CZyyichEhTRTESw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Conversation函数是利用计算图生成高级IR的主要函数，其在初始化阶段（第2、3行）生成Functions和Expressions两个集合，用于存储生成的函数和高级IR。在循环中（4-12行），HirGen遍历整个计算图，将每一个节点载入为高级IR表达式，并更新Expressions集合（第5行）。在遍历计算图的过程中，HirGen随机选择一组高级IR表达式，分析这一部分子图的输入节点和输出节点（第7行），使用这些节点构成一个函数（第8行），然后更新Functions和Expressions集合（第9、10行），最终将这两个集合的并集返回，作为计算图的高级IR表示。Load函数展示了将计算图节点转化为高级IR表达式的过程，其在将节点加载为高级IR表达式后，会考虑其是否连接到某个已包装为函数的节点，如果是，则查找对应的函数并创建调用表达式，保证函数的封装性不被破坏。最后将调用表达式和构造的IR表示加入到Expressions集合并返回。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．测试判定方法</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">（Test Oracles）</span></span></strong></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">测试判定方法决定了一次测试是否通过。因此为了检测不同类型的错误，本文设计了三种测试判定方法。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Oracle1</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">：Crash</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Crash常用于构建测试判定方法，而</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">且根据编</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">译器bug研究的统计数据，收集到的603个bug中，导致Crash发生的bug占据了59.37%。在严格生成模式下，HirGen会报告发生的一切Crash事件，此时生成的计算图遵守所有约束，发生的Crash事件归因于编译器在实现上的缺陷。而在关闭类型检查和维度检查时（即扰动生成模式下），只有当检测到的Crash是segmentation fault时报告错误，其他带有详细错误追踪信息的Crash主要是由于生成的计算图显式地违反约束引起的。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Oracle2</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">：原始高级IR、优化的高级IR和突变的高级IR的结果不一致</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在正常情况下，高</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">级优化只会优化模型的性能，不会改变计算结果。因此优化的高级IR如果和原始高级IR结果不一致，认为编译器发生错误。本文还设计了一种突变策略，其通过重写原始高级IR中的函数，使突变的高级IR接收相同的输入时，与原始高级IR的结果一致。函数的重写方法如下：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）将全局函数f变为新建立的全局函数g的闭包，g接收与f相同的参数，返回值是用这些参数调用f的返回值</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）使用空函数g包装函数f，直接返回函数f的返回值</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（3）在另一个函数g中调用函数f并返回f的调用值</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">基于此突变策略，突变的高级IR只在函数调用链上与原始高级IR有差别，结果仍是相同的。另外，如果原始高级IR能够通过</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">编译并运行，优化、突变的高级IR在编译某个阶段失败，也认为结果不一致。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Oracle3</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">：不同硬件设备上的结果不一致</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">DL编译器的目标是将优化模型并高效部署到多种硬件设备上，因此在接收相同输入时，模型在不同设备上的运行结果应该是相同的。在这一测试判定方法中也考虑了模型在不同设备上的执行状态的不一致，例如，如果一个模型在CPU上崩溃而在GPU上运行良好，也认为这是一种结果不一致。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、实验及评估</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">1．研究问题</span></span></strong></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">RQ1：HirGen检测TVM的bug的有效性如何？</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">RQ2：是否所有的测试判定方法在检测bug时是有效的？</span></span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">RQ3：HirGen发现的所有bug是否都与高级优化阶段高度相关？</span></span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">RQ4：扰动生成模式在发现DL编译器的异常处理bug方面是否有效？</span></span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">RQ5：覆盖引导的计算图生成方法是否有益于生成计算图的多样性？</span></span></section></strong></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">2．实现</span></span></strong></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">算子</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：HirGen维护了一个包括58个算子的算子池，其中23个一元算子，35个二元算子，可以很好地扩展到复杂运算。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">优化和编译方法</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：HirGen选用了TVM支持的25种优化方法，因为生成的计算图可以触发这些优化方法，除了这些方法，也可以很容易地将HirGen扩展到其他优化方法。Hirgen还选择了TVM支持的4种编译方法，每种方法适用于不同的场景并包含不同的优化序列。四种编译方法如下：</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（1）relay.build()</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）relay.build_module.create_executor(&#39;debug&#39;)</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（3）relay.build_module.create_executor(&#39;graph&#39;)</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（4）relay.build_module.create_executor(&#39;vm&#39;)</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">3．基准方法选择</span></span></strong></span></p><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">从现有文献中选择了四种基准方法。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">TVMfuzz</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：TVMfuzz是一个用于TVM模糊测试的概念验证应用。其从单元测试脚本中学习 TVM API 调用链，然后对其进行重新排序和变异。使用高级IR和优化相关的单元测试脚本，TVMfuzz可以测试DL编译器的高级优化阶段。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">MT-DLComp</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：MT-DLComp是一个DL编译器的自动测试框架。它通过突变现有的DL模型来生成等价的模型并使用三个判定方法测试DL编译器。尽管该技术不是专门用于检测高级优化中的bug的，其仍然能够覆盖这个容易出错的阶段。因此，本文选择该技术作为基准方法。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">LEMON</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：LEMON是一种深度学习框架测试技术。其通过现有模型突变生成Keras模型。通过设置不同Keras后端，LEMON可以检测这些后端引起的预测差异。尽管LEMON不是用于测试DL编译器的，我们可以对其进行改造，以勉强实现这一目标。简而言之，我们保留了变异部分，用于生成新模型，并通过两种测试判定方法来测试DL编译器：1.崩溃；2.原始Keras模型和编译后的Keras模型之间的预测差异超过阈值。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">NNSmith</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：NNSmith是一个基于生成的DL编译器fuzzer。其生成多样化的计算图，将其转换为使用不同DL框架的模型，并使用梯度引导的搜索来生成输入。在测试阶段，它在多个深度学习编译器之间进行差异测试。在该过程中，NNSmith捕捉所有的预测差异和崩溃情况。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">4．其他设置</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">度量</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：采用了错误计数来评估HirGen和其他基准方法。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">超时设置</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：针对所有技术的研究发现，在执行26小时后没有发现新类型的Crash/不一致，设置超时时间为两天。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">平台</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：在CPU为Intel Xeon，GPU为NVIDIA Geforce GTX1080Ti和128G内存的64位ubuntu16.04服务器上进行试验。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;text-decoration: underline;">5．评估</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: #000000;font-weight: bold;">1．</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">RQ1：HirGen检测bug的能力</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">在严格生成模式下运行三个月并在扰动生成模式下运行一周，HirGen共计发现了21个bug，其中17个已经被确认，12个被修复。另外，21个bug中有10个是以前未知的。表2种展示了HirGen发现且已被确认的所有bug的详细信息，包括bug的类型，根本原因，检测到该bug的判定方法，修复状态，先前是否未知，在哪种生成模式下被检测到，是否被其他基准技术检测到以及是否与高级优化相关。bug类型包括崩溃和不一致两种，前者对应TVM非预期的终止，后者表示测试时获得不一致的结果或状态。此外还将这些bug与收集到的历史bug仔细比较，为每一个bug分配一个根本原因。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">下面是这些bug的五种根本原因：</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">类型问题</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：此类bug通过数据类型问题触发，包括类型推断错误，算子在某种数据类型上实现不完整等。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">不正确的异常处理</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：这类bug发生在TVM没有给出详细的警告信息甚至在极端情况下没有处理异常时，与TVM的鲁棒性相关。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">不正确的数值计算</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：包括不正确的数值计算、不正确的值和不正确的数值使用</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">内部API不兼容</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：此类bug是由于TVM无法正确处理某些API的组合而引发的。例如，多个高级优化方法的组合被DL编译器非预期的拒绝。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">内存分配问题</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：这个根本原因指糟糕的或不正确的内存分配。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003199" data-ratio="0.3766546329723225" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="831" style="width:559px;height:211px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cba88ef6&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqFibFj2y3TfqeyrqA3AUuBHEUkAq6dzatnM95eG66QAFqFRx77uxiaC6TQxSgzcLbpxoxvCCBicNEdg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">表2 HirGen发现且已被确认的bug</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">HirGen在十次测试中平均检测出11.8个不同的崩溃/不一致，十次实验的结果方差为0.36，并且与高级优化相关的bug平均数为8.8。TVMfuzz平均检测出3.7个不同的崩溃/不一致，其中1.4个与高级优化相关。而MT-DLComp和LEMON没有检测任何崩溃/不一致。至于NNSmith，其平均检测出10个不同的崩溃/不一致。其中数据布局问题和数据类型问题居多，占比为52.2%，通常是通过bug信息捕获的，例如“WCHN layout is not supported”和“TVM cannot support type matching between int32 and int64”。非数据布局问题和数据类型问题的崩溃和不一致中，平均只有3.5个崩溃/不一致与高级优化相关，方差为1.45，表明NNSmith在检测高级优化错误时不稳定。在手动检查过程中，我们只发现一个崩溃是HirGen和NNSmith都检测到的，这表明这两种技术在错误检测能力上几乎是互补的。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: #000000;font-weight: bold;">2．</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">RQ2：测试判定方法的有效性</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">为了证明测试判定</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">方法的有效</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">性，本文对于每个测试判定方法检测到的几个代表性的bug进行了案例研究。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">（1）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Oracle1：Crash</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">该方法检测到了最多的bug，共计8个源自3种根本原因的bug，包括不正确的数值计算、 不正确的异常处理和内存分配问题。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">不正确的数值计算</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：以bug1为例，在触发该bug的计算图中，一个除法算子首先计算常量除以变量的结果，然后将计算结果R作为被除数传递给floor_mod算子。所有相关的变量节点和常量节点的数据类型都是uint，并最终以该类型流入floor_mod。然而，TVM预先计算了R的可能值范围，并检测到其可能为0。因此，TVM错误地抛出了异常并终止了程序，甚至在我们为变量var1和var2赋值之前。这一错误仅在数据类型为uint时发生，其原因是错误的值范围估计。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">不正确的异常处理</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：bug11、bug12和bug13是三种不正确的异常处理bug，是在扰动生成过程中被检测到的。在bug11中，触发错误的计算图包括一个类型为int16的常量节点、一个tan算子节点以及这两个节点之间的连接。在这个图中，HirGen故意破坏了tan算子只能接受TVM中定义的float数据类型的约束，并在编译过程中引发了segmentation fault。这是因为TVM没有针对该算子及其不接受的数据类型的异常处理机制。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">内存分配问题</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：bug14是此根本原因下的唯一错误，当HirGen利用relay.shape_of推断具有静态张量形状(1, </span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">2)的变量节</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">点的张量形状时，发生了意外的崩溃，并出现警告信息“Cannot allocate memory symbolic tensor shape [?, ?]”。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（2）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Oracle2：原始高级IR、优化的高级IR和突变的高级IR的结果不一致</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">该方法共计检测到了6个已确认的bug，由三个不同的根本原因引起，包括不正确的异常处理、类型问题和内部API不兼容。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">不正确的异常处理</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：以bug 10为例。HirGen捕捉到这个错误是因为它发现一个高级IR通过了编译，但优化版本失败了。HirGen在优化序列中将FirstOrderGradient放在FuseOps之前，检测到TVM无法成功处理这个优化序列，其原因是异常处理过于严格，TVM在FirstOrderGradient之后对高级IR进行遍历以执行FuseOps，当访问到常量节点时，TVM发现该节点不是标量类型，因为FirstOrderGradient已经重写了该属性，TVM抛出异常，编译终止。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">类型问题</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：以bug 8为例。此错误是通过函数重写变异检测到的，具体来说，将一个全局函数f更改为另一个空的全局函数g的局部闭包，并在g中返回f后，TVM无法推断g的类型。这是因为在成功推断出f的类型后，当TVM开始推断g的类型时，该类型信息丢失了。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">内部API不兼容</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：bug 9被检测到是因为relay.build_module.create_executor(&#39;vm&#39;)失败，但其他编译方式运行顺利。在HirGen将高级IR转换为A范式后，使用虚拟机进行编译时无法确定x91与全局函数之间的绑定关系，而其他编译方式没有遇到这个问题。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">（3）</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Oracle3：不同硬件设备上的结果不一致</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;">。</span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Oracle3检测到了3个bug。CPU和GPU上的计算结果之间的差异是由特定于平台的差异引起的，更进一步说就是LLVM和CUDA具有相同的算子实现，但TVM缺乏对该算子的完整规范，或是缺少有关使用此类算子的警告信息。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">以bug 15为例。HirGen创建了一个简单的计算图，其中包含一个right_shift算子节点，以两个其他变量节点作为输入。随后，HirGen首先生成相应的高级IR，然后使用relay.build编译IR生成运行时模型，最后创建输入并在CPU和GPU上运行该运行时模型，得到两个计算结果。当第二个变量大于第一个变量时，结果不一致。因为这种情况会导致LLVM中的poison value，而在right_shift算子中使用poison value是会导致未定义行为。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: #000000;font-weight: bold;">3．</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">RQ3：与高级优化相关的bug</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">Bug2、Bug8、Bug9、Bug10是都是由于在高级优化后违反Oracle2而被检测到的bug，这些bug显示出几个高级优化应优化的结构未能优化，且多个优化之间存在不兼容性。修复这些错误直接提高了优化性能，并促进了多种优化组合的可能性。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">HirGen发现的八个具有崩溃症状的错误中，Bug3和Bug14与高级优化直接相关。为了提高效率，TVM在编译期间调用OptimizeImpl并隐式地执行11个高级优化，通过在高级IR上执行一个或多个传递进行工作，在任何可优化的表达式上进行重写。在此过程中出现的错误可能会导致高级优化无法顺利执行，甚至可能导致崩溃从而停止优化。修复这些错误间接改善了高级优化所需的IR传递过程。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">此外，Bug11、Bug12和Bug13出现在高级IR构建阶段。由于构建发生在优化之前，这些错误也会阻碍高级优化的执行。尽管HirGen是针对高级优化提出的，但生成的测试用例也可以执行低级优化和可部署的代码生成，因此也可以测试编译的其他阶段。Bug15、Bug16和Bug17都与TVM的低级部分和代码生成相关，由于在不同后端硬件设备上对相同输入的计算结果不一致而被检测到。Bug1和Bug5是低级的算术问题，HirGen能够检测到它们，因为生成的计算图包含了错误触发的计算逻辑。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: #000000;font-weight: bold;">4．</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">RQ4：扰动生成模式的有效性</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">在实验过程中，HirGen生成了170个计算图，这些图包含了不同的触发错误的算子、数据类型和张量形状组合。所有这些计算图都会导致TVM崩溃，并只显示‘segmentation fault’信息，显示出异常处理能力的不足。在最新版本的TVM中，所有这些错误已经被修复。现在，这些明显违反约束的情况会触发崩溃，并提供详细的错误信息。通过比较最新版本TVM的错误信息，170个计算图总共触发了三个错误。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="color: #000000;font-weight: bold;">5．</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">RQ5：覆盖引导生成策略的有效性</span></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">序列生成策略的研究</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：作者从IR-Fuzz中删除了序列生成策略，替换为随机序列构造方法，变体表示为IR-Fuzz-WSG。定量结果汇总见表4，IR-Fuzz的性能明显优于IR-FuzzWSG。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section 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top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、讨论</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">Oracle3的优点和局限性</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：实验中oracle3的效果不如另外两个，仅检测到三个已确认但未修复的错误，其发现的bug的修复优先级较低。这一现象的原因在于，不同平台之间的浮点精度设置存在差异。开发者很难判断这些差异是由错误引起的，还是由精度设置不一致造成的。尽管存在这一限制，oracle3仍然可以帮助发现容易混淆的场景，并为对底层平台中特殊错误触发算子缺乏足够了解的用户提供经验。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">有效性的威胁</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">：内部有效性威胁主要在于HirGen的实现，本文的两个作者仔细检查并测试了HirGen的所有组件的功能。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">外部有效性威胁主要来源于研究中选择的DL编译器。虽然HirGen目前主要支持将其生成的计算图转换为TVM的高级IR（使用Relay），但这种技术方法也适用于ONNX，未来的工作也包括增加对ONNX的支持，以便测试更多的DL编译器。</span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">构造有效性威胁主要来源于随机性和设置，为了减少随机性带来的负面影响，本文复了所有涉及随机性的实验10次，并使用平均值、方差和Mann-Whitney U检验来确保结果具有统计显著性。不同平台上浮点精度设置的差异也可能导致错误的缺陷检测结果，因此将阈值设置为一个非常小的浮动值 10−3，以确保不遗漏任何细微差异，从而不会错过任何新的缺陷。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 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5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">高级优化是DL编译器工作流中最容易出错的阶段。然而，目前还没有针对这一阶段的系统性测试研究。为了填补这一空白，本文提出了HirGen，这是一种</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">基于生成的模糊测试工具</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，具有有效的计算图生成方法和三个测试预言器。与现有的工作不同，HirGen</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">能够探索更复杂且有效的高级IR</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">，从而检测到更深层次的错误。此外，HirGen中的三个测试预言器还</span><span leaf="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: bold;">提高了它在检测各种根本原因的错误方面的能力</span></span><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">。HirGen提升了高级优化的鲁棒性和功能正确性，并得到了TVM社区的认可。</span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, 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      <pubDate>Fri, 10 Jan 2025 11:55:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>CovRL-Fuzz：基于大模型变异的JavaScript解释器模糊测试技术 | 技术进展</title>
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<span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-01-08 11:00</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;margin-top: 0px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002145" class="rich_pages wxw-img __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">基本信息</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文名称：</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span leaf="">Fuzzing JavaScript Interpreters with Coverage-Guided Reinforcement Learning for LLM-Based Mutation</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文作者：</span></span></strong><span leaf="">Jueon Eom；Seyeon Jeong；Taekyoung Kwon</span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">原文链接：</span></strong></span><span leaf=""><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.12222" target="_blank">https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.12222</a></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">发表期刊：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">ISSTA，2024</span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">开源代码：</span></strong></span><span leaf="">暂未开源</span></p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""> </span><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">一、引言</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">传统的模糊测试方法在处理JavaScript严格的语法要求时面临挑战。语法级别的模糊测试生成语法正确的输入，但可能限制了变异的多样性。而基于令牌的模糊测试虽然更灵活，但可能在连续变异中产生语法错误，阻碍了更深层次漏洞的发现。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">因此，为了弥补这一空白，作者提出了CovRL-Fuzz，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">利用覆盖率引导大模型进行微调的Fuzz技术</span>。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><span leaf="">二、概述</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">CovRL-Fuzz的基本框架如图1所示，主要由三部分组成：</span></span></p><ul style="list-style-type: disc;" class="list-paddingleft-1"><li><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">种子队列的选择和变异执行</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">对种子的覆盖率收集并创建覆盖率权重图</span></span></span></p></li><li><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">利用权重图和Interesting seed对大模型进行微调</span></span></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003170" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.27256317689530685" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="554" style="width:557px;height:152px;" type="block" data-backw="554" data-backh="151" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=acce3cb0&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oicg43ecO978wdj1kQrPcI9OHk4K9KgibuH77bPmhRmia59YrE6hw4dUbUQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 1  CovRL-Fuzz结构图</span></span></strong><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span leaf="">三、覆盖率加权奖励</span></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">覆盖引导模糊测试利用覆盖反馈来探索不同的代码路径，事实证明，在检测软件错误方面比传统的黑盒方法更有效。这种方法以AFL等工具为代表，强调通过变异来最大化代码覆盖率，在查找安全漏洞方面特别有效。尽管覆盖引导模糊测试取得了成功，但现有的基于LLM的模糊测试技术（包括Fuzz4All和COMFORT）主要使用黑盒方法[1,2]，<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">现有方法通常未在其变异过程中引入覆盖反馈，限制了大模型在探索代码路径和提升检测效率方面的能力</span>。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">自动标识存在漏洞的API</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">该方法<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">采用TF-IDF来强调不太常见的覆盖点，有效地专注于发现新的代码覆盖区域</span>（图1中的2）。TF-IDF通过为不太常见的标记分配更高的权重来优先考虑它们，而更常见的标记则获得较低的权重。应用此方法来创建加权覆盖图，重点关注未被充分探索的区域。图2说明了覆盖率加权奖励(CWR)过程的实际应用。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">考虑执行图2(a)中控制流图(CFG)所示的程序的场景。CFG中有一个循环C，以及分支D和E。利用模糊器生成的测试用例执行了该程序并获得了覆盖率结果。在之前使用CodeLLM的基于强化学习的微调方法的基础上，通过应用基于软件输出的奖励信号进一步扩展了这一想法。值得注意的是，JavaScript解释器中的错误大致可分为语法错误和语义错误，其中包括引用、类型、范围和URI错误。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100003171" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.18953068592057762" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="554" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=85aa2c3b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oicr1iadZaeg1ARQUHFGvSkQWyGYZJDwFzky8JEbk5jQDzuyAlyssZialicA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 2 PromptFuzz提示词模板</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">假设从测试用例1(TC1)获得的覆盖率如下：[1, 3, 4, 0, 0]。应用图3公式，覆盖率将转换为二进制映射，以指示路径是否已执行(1)或未执行(0)，而不管执行了多少次。因此，TC1的<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">TFcov</span>图更新为：[1, 1, 1, 0, 0]。此过程也同样适用于其他测试用例（图2中的(b)）。还使用每个种子的<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">TFcov</span>定义基于覆盖率的权重图<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">IDFcov</span>来衡量哪些代码路径被频繁访问，哪些不被频繁访问。</span><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">考虑图2(b)中生成的三个<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">TFcov</span>图，[1, 1, 1, 0, 0]、[1, 1, 0, 0, 1] 和 [1, 0, 0, 0, 0]。基于这些<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">TFcov</span>图，计算基于覆盖的权重图<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">IDFcov</span>。<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">IDFcov</span>被计算为一个权重图，其值为[-0.13, 0.0, 0.18, 0.49, 0.18]（图2中的(c)）。通过对<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">TFcov</span>和<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">IDFcov</span>进行加权和来创建加权覆盖图，从而获得奖励。</span><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">仅当测试用例没有任何语法或语义问题时，才会计算<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">Rcov</span>。<span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">奖励方案通过为实现不寻常覆盖水平的测试用例提供更高的回报，激励基于LLM的变异器探索更广泛的覆盖范围</span>。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">假设通过模糊测试生成了两个新的测试用例TC4和TC5，并执行程序以获得<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">TFcov</span>图。通过将每个TC与<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">IDFcov</span>逐个元素相乘来创建加权<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">TFcov</span>，然后根据公式计算<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">Rcov</span>作为元素之和。对于TC4来说，由于它执行了大部分TC1、TC2和TC3已执行的代码路径，因此受到了-0.13的惩罚，而TC5由于执行了罕见或以前未执行的代码路径，因此获得了0.54的奖励（图2中的（d））。</span></section></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">四</span></strong><strong><span leaf="">、基于覆盖率引导的大模型微调</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">通过掩码进行变异的模糊测试环境可以概念化为RL的bandit环境。在该环境中，提供掩码序列</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;font-style: italic;">W\MASK</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">作为输入(x)，预期输出是掩码序列</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;font-style: italic;">W MASK</span><span textstyle="" style="font-weight: normal;">(~)。使用PPO算法（对模型进行微调（图1中的3）。在该情形下，它可以通过串联微调两个LLM来实现：一个LLM充当突变器（演员），而另一个LLM充当奖励者（评论家）。使用预训练的LLM来初始化变异器和奖励者的参数。奖励者使用图3所示的方法进行训练。</span></span></section></strong></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003175" data-ratio="0.3143712574850299" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="334" style="width:411px;height:129px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=eaa52989&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oic8mqBcmrs8rSq5KN96icEevLF2E65oVFoYdmYAEIqYc5dVULoiclZ1Z9Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 3 权重奖励公式</span></span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">五、实验设计及结果</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">（一）数据集建立及大模型参数设置</span></span></strong></span></section><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong><span leaf="">数据集</span></strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">：使用pytorch v2.0.0、transformers v4.38.2和afl 2.52b实现了CovRL-Fuzz的原型。截至2022年12月，从多个存储库中的回归测试套件中收集了数据，包括V8、JavaScriptCore、ChakraCore、JerryScript、Test262和js-vuln-db。然后对数据进行了预处理以获取训练数据和种子，从而为实验收集了52000个唯一的JavaScript文件。</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong><span leaf="">预处理</span></strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">：对上述JavaScript解释器的回归测试套件进行了简单的预处理，以删除注释、过滤掉语法错误并简化标识符。然后将处理后的数据直接用于训练。预处理是利用UglifyJS工具的-m和-b选项进行的。</span><span leaf=""><br/></span></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">训练：</span>利用预先训练好的Code-LLM、CodeT5+(220m)[3]作为奖励器和改变器。对于基于CovRL的微调过程，每个变异周期训练奖励器和改变器1个时期。使用的批次大小为256，学习率为1e-4。优化利用了AdamW优化器和学习率线性预热技术。基于LLM的奖励器使用来自CodeT5+的编码器通过分类方法预测奖励信号。利用对比搜索方法，结合动量因子<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">α</span>为0.6和top-k设置为32，以增强CovRL的有效性。此外，通过设置地图大小的缩放因子<span textstyle="" style="font-style: italic;">M</span>，将覆盖图大小与AFL的建议保持一致。这确保了仪器容量得到优化。对于中等规模的软件（约10K行），使用的映射大小为216。对于超过50K行的大型软件，使用的映射大小为217，在粒度和性能之间取得平衡。</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><br/></span></span></strong></span></span></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 0px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">（二）实验设备</span></span></strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6134 CPU @ 3.20GHz（64 核）</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">64 位 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS OS</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">三块NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 GPU</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><br/></span></span></strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">（三）实验设备</span></span></strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;">实验一：与现有Fuzzer比较</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">覆盖率</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">：表2描述了每种模糊测试技术的有效覆盖率和总覆盖率。评估结果表明，CovRL-Fuzz的表现优于最先进的JavaScript解释器Fuzzer。观察表明，CovRL-Fuzz在所有目标解释器中获得了最高的覆盖率，边缘覆盖率平均增加了102.62%/98.40%/19.49%/57.11%。为了强调CovRL-Fuzz的有效性，监测了边缘覆盖率的增长趋势，如图4所示。在每次实验中，CovRL-Fuzz始终比任何其他Fuzzer更快地实现最高的边缘覆盖率。与覆盖引导基线相比，CovRL-Fuzz立即显著实现了更高的覆盖率。这表明基于LLM的CovRLFuzz突变比覆盖引导模糊测试中的启发式突变更有效。与LM基线相比，CovRL-Fuzz实现了高覆盖率。然而，在ChakraCore中，Montage和CovRL-Fuzz之间的覆盖率只有微小差异，这可以归因于Montage从其自己的测试套件语料库导入和执行代码的策略，从而实现了更高的覆盖率。在这方面，没有代码导入功能（Montage w/o Import），CovRL-Fuzz记录的覆盖率明显高于Montage。此外，如图4所示，虽然Montage的覆盖率随着时间的推移趋于收敛，但CovRL-Fuzz的覆盖率仍在继续增加。这表明随着时间的推移，CovRL-Fuzz可能会比Montage获得更多的覆盖率。请注意，虽然其他LM基线没有考虑训练时间，但CovRL-Fuzz在实验期间包括了基于CovRL的微调所需的时间。此外，观察到CovRL-Fuzz甚至在接近24小时时仍在继续增加覆盖率。它显示了其在获得覆盖方面的有效性。</span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 24px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003176" data-ratio="0.48186528497409326" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="386" style="width:500px;height:241px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=88946180&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oicupBCeLpkUqnHxwliafJ1RCNAO4sJJtuORsAES50iaZzPfENTIUxviaOyA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 1 针对 JavaScript 解释器的基准Fuzzer</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100003177" data-ratio="1.1504424778761062" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="339" style="width:469px;height:540px;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=4528f7d2&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oicSmWgHQic0App0sAACZB3iaPduHKs8SGgSjmcy7vhvHbcFV130QflW0tg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 2 与表1列出的其他JavaScript解释器Fuzzer的比较</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="155" data-backw="554" data-imgfileid="100003178" data-ratio="0.27978339350180503" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="554" style="width:100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=031f726b&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oic0epSF9fTVEtSdib6EK4gmzM90iaFIiceGnBOe5uublHJIVlMwhjLFaNwA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 4 边覆盖随时间变化</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">语义和语法正确性</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">：CovRL-Fuzz不是语法级模糊测试方法，它不会对语法和语义有效性进行后处理。但是，假设CovRL-Fuzz使用基于RL的微调，由来自测试结果的奖励信号驱动，与随机模糊测试(Token-Level AFL)相比，可以实现更高的有效性。为了验证这一假设，评估了唯一测试用例的错误率。实验结果如表2所示。对于所有JavaScript解释器，CovRL-Fuzz的错误率都低于Token-Level AFL。此外，与大多数Fuzzer相比，CovRL-Fuzz的错误率更低。虽然它没有在JavaScriptCore(JSC)和ChakraCore(Chakra)中实现最低错误率，但与大多数基线相比，CovRL-Fuzz的错误率仍然明显较低。请注意，Montage(w/o Import)的高错误率是由于它无法访问其他测试套件中的函数。为了更详细地分析错误率，分析了V8（最大、最可靠的JavaScript解释器）上Fuzzer触发的错误类型，如图5所示。结果表明，与覆盖率引导基线相比，CovRL-Fuzz触发的语法错误更少。此外，即使不使用COMFORT和Montage使用的后处理技术，它产生的语法和语义错误也比LM基线少。这些结果表明，CovRL-Fuzz成功地通过CovRL降低了错误率，而无需启发式后处理。</span></span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="175" data-backw="400" data-imgfileid="100003179" data-ratio="0.4375" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="400" style="width:100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=75c978aa&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oicv2f69DhDy0tE1YwRYazmCn8GB9bIo3g44ib0K81CBdicWlvkjTAxjmpw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">图 5 V8上生成的测试用例的错误率</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">发现的bug</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">：为了确定CovRL-Fuzz实现的覆盖率改进和低错误率是否有助于检测错误，通过使用ASAN在调试模式下编译的JavaScript解释器进行了实验。依靠ASAN生成的输出报告进行堆栈跟踪分析，以消除重复的错误。还手动分析并按错误类型对结果进行分类。表3显示了CovRL-Fuzz和比较的模糊器发现的独特错误的数量和类型。与其他模糊器相比，CovRL-Fuzz发现了最多的独特错误。具体来说，CovRLFuzz发现了14个独特的错误，其中9个错误是由CovRL-Fuzz检测到的，包括堆栈溢出和堆缓冲区溢出。这些结果凸显了其在错误检测方面的有效性。从实验结果中可以看出，基于LM的模糊器尽管实现了更高的覆盖率，但往往会发现更少的错误，而启发式模糊器虽然实现了较低的覆盖率，但通常会发现更多的错误。然而，无论这种趋势如何，CovRL-Fuzz在有效发现大多数错误方面表现出了卓越的性能。</span></span></span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="327" data-backw="554" data-imgfileid="100003180" data-ratio="0.5902527075812274" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="554" style="width:100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=22c47b73&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oiciaBDRO5zrONVnQpg9SRiaXNicoA4TVsibBFRy8ahsYSj2d9r58wo6HRlbQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 3 CovRL-Fuzz和其他JavaScript解释器Fuzzer发现的独特bug</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;">实验二：与其他LLM Based的Fuzzer比较</span></span></span></span></span></section><section><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">使用Fuzz4All进行了24小时的实验，Fuzz4All是一种基于LLM的最先进的模糊测试技术，使用适用于编译器的提示进行变异。虽然TitanFuzz和FuzzGPT都采用基于LLM的变异，但它们对手工制作的注释、提示和变异模式的使用是专门为深度学习库设计的。这种专业化使得它们很难被JavaScript解释器轻松采用，这就是为什么它们没有被包括在实验对象中。表5显示了CovRL-Fuzz和Fuzz4All之间覆盖率和错误率的比较结果。虽然Fuzz4All和CovRL-Fuzz的覆盖率和错误率没有显示出显著差异，但很难断言Fuzz4All实现的覆盖率改进和错误率对发现错误有显著贡献。表6显示了Fuzz4All和CovRL-Fuzz发现的错误。Fuzz4All发现的错误只是CovRL-Fuzz发现的错误子集中的一小部分。这些结果意味着，该方法通过CovRL结合覆盖引导的模糊测试和基于LLM的变异，在错误检测方面比最先进的基于LLM的模糊测试技术更有用。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="173" data-backw="365" data-imgfileid="100003181" data-ratio="0.473972602739726" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="365" style="width:100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=06e58b9d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oicRRmHwW2FIvwoVaM1Gfq301njwibod2DM1RX0ojF1jFUHKuVnTod1eYg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 4 与Fuzz4All的对比</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="325" data-backw="359" data-imgfileid="100003182" data-ratio="0.9052924791086351" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="359" style="width:100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ea4118f7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oichUVJHaDwibMibMUZHdCjt9r1iadic0BQASxXicheaSsianj3mKFiafgV5srxg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 5 与Fuzz4All发现的bug对比</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;">实验三：关键环节消融实验</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">对CovRL-Fuzz的两个关键组件CovRL和CWR进行了消融研究，基于覆盖引导模糊测试，超时时间为5小时。表6显示了根据不同的CovRL和CWR变体的错误率和覆盖率。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">CovRL的影响</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">：为了评估CovRL的影响，与w/o LLM（TokenAFL）进行了比较，前者使用了tokenlevel启发式突变，后者只是将基于LLM的突变应用于覆盖引导模糊测试，而后者代表了CovRL-Fuzz。实验结果表明，虽然与w/o LLM相比，w/o CovRL的LLM成功降低了错误率，但并没有显著提高覆盖率，甚至略有降低。相比之下，w/CovRL的LLM对所有目标的覆盖率都有所提高。这些发现表明，在覆盖引导模糊测试中应用基于LLM的CovRL突变是有效的。</span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 82, 255);font-weight: bold;">CWR的影响</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">：为了评估CovRL中使用的CWR与其他奖励相比的影响，在实验中加入了w/o RL和两个额外的奖励过程。对于奖励，对两种类型的奖励进行了比较：覆盖率奖励(CR)和覆盖率奖励(CRR)。CR是设计的一个简单的二元奖励过程，其中对找到新覆盖的测试用例给予1的奖励，对没有找到新覆盖的测试用例给予0的惩罚。另一方面，CRR是传统基于RL的模糊测试技术中使用的奖励，计算为当前覆盖率与总累积覆盖率的比率。</span></span></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span leaf="">在实验结果中，与w/oRL相比，w/CR和w/CRR的覆盖率几乎没有增加。然而，CovRL-Fuzz在有效和总覆盖率方面都实现了最高的覆盖率，并且表现出较低的错误率。这些结果表明，使用CWR的覆盖引导模糊测试技术有助于有效提高基于LLM的变异的覆盖率。</span></span></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="122" data-backw="545" data-imgfileid="100003184" data-ratio="0.22385321100917432" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="545" style="width:100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=0204ae76&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oic08Kj9DibrKlAKPxq0sHhibFUE3D6QosK0fbTBysh7x4upLKSfdqibc9Hg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 6 消融实验对比</span></span></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px;margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;">实验四：真实环境发现的Bug</span></span><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">评估了CovRL-Fuzz在特定模糊测试期间查找真实错误的能力。调查了CovRL-Fuzz可以找到多少真实错误，以及它是否可以发现以前未知的错误。因此评估了CovRL-Fuzz是否可以为每个目标在2周内找到真实错误。测试了截至2023年1月的每个目标解释器的最新版本。表8总结了CovRL-Fuzz发现的错误。共发现58个错误，其中50个是以前未知的错误（15个已注册为CVE）。在发现的错误中，45个得到了开发人员的确认，18个已经修复。根据CVSSv3.1，发现的CVE的平均风险评分为7.5，有些甚至高达9.8。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 32px;" nodeleaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="243" data-backw="554" data-imgfileid="100003185" data-ratio="0.43862815884476536" data-s="300,640" type="block" data-type="png" data-w="554" style="width:100%;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5d65106a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlomG73sz2aqiaYF5XIFr60oicS8xcFmwSvEeLD6F65VKn7e41M9VtqBp2HRMibXaO6Ae63Z6BUhl78sA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><span style="font-size: 14px;"><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span leaf="" data-pm-slice="1 1 [&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;section&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;para&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;p&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;text-align: center;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 14px;&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;strong&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, \&#34;Helvetica Neue\&#34;, \&#34;PingFang SC\&#34;, \&#34;Hiragino Sans GB\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei UI\&#34;, \&#34;Microsoft YaHei\&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;},&#34;node&#34;,{&#34;tagName&#34;:&#34;span&#34;,&#34;attributes&#34;:{&#34;style&#34;:&#34;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);&#34;},&#34;namespaceURI&#34;:&#34;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&#34;}]">表 7 Bug的发现数量</span></span></strong></span></p></span></span></span></span></section></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span leaf="">六、总结</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 16px;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:14px;">本文引入了<span textstyle="" style="color: #0052ff;font-weight: bold;">CovRL-Fuzz，这是一种基于LLM的新型覆盖引导模糊测试框架，它首次集成了覆盖引导强化学习</span>。本文的方法将覆盖反馈直接集成到基于LLM的变异中，增强了覆盖引导模糊测试以减少语法限制，同时实现了有效测试，以实现对JavaScript解释器更广泛和隐藏的路径探索。与现有的模糊测试策略相比，本文的评估结果证实了CovRL-Fuzz方法的卓越功效。令人印象深刻的是，它在JavaScript解释器中发现了58个 与现实世界安全相关的错误，其中15个是CVE——其中50个是以前未知的错误。</span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><span leaf="">—END—</span></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002863" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" width="677px" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002867" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9601d466&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqicsiaxDHZjSsKx6Eoahhic8tm1AUvF5TI33T7kuQmpqnP5HoOUicFhuIhrcXcyaZJzHJrYaLibPCZSRQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;line-height: 1em;margin-top: 0px;"><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247486803&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=325727c087e1cdfc1ec211b9dd3eec1d&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" imgurl="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JchE46RGRlqA64yk70H1TLglTNibSI77QJtWScBhj1G6XuOeJ7NeKcRoEwibsjRfUFyWMs7zNKwQsAkgyovBOeiag/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;from=appmsg" linktype="image" tab="innerlink" data-itemshowtype="0" target="_blank" data-linktype="1"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link"><img data-imgfileid="100003187" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.3111111111111111" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" type="block" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a9fb30ee&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqA64yk70H1TLglTNibSI77QJtWScBhj1G6XuOeJ7NeKcRoEwibsjRfUFyWMs7zNKwQsAkgyovBOeiag%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></span></a></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;line-height: 1em;"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002822" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.3425925925925926" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;" width="677px" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=96ad8809&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfyk5wLcpKFBfhV2gLHUvrA15ticyqNAUM2Nvak36LBpQmxVQdliabzKmaSg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><section style="display: none;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><section><span leaf=""><br/></span></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p>



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      <pubDate>Wed, 08 Jan 2025 11:00:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>2024信息安全领域四大顶会Fuzz论文汇总｜技术进展</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247486803&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=325727c087e1cdfc1ec211b9dd3eec1d</link>
      <description>2024年信息安全领域四大顶会——USENIX Security、S&amp;P、NDSS、CCS与Fuzz技术相关的论文汇总。</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2025-01-02 19:58</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
</p>

<p>2024年信息安全领域四大顶会——USENIX Security、S&P、NDSS、CCS与Fuzz技术相关的论文汇总。</p>
<p></p>



<p>
<img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=68f03c75&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRloKkkamZR8H00T5ia16M5q3zC3xge6SqjMaDwxHiaCZX2I7oOAibs7DVlPWfVfZnxVvFP3JBiaDkqiaLvg%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/>
</p>


<section><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.4166667" style="vertical-align:middle;width:574px;box-sizing:border-box;height:239px;" data-type="gif" data-w="1200" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=3b8ea56d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811IVGU202DKZXWTTkNyjjDnLIWX8ma5yd6GGIsTElWPEwe9GtiasOXmGQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/></span></section><p style=""><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">信息安全领域四大顶会代表了信息安全领域研究的前沿方向，一直备受关注，其论文涵盖的安全领域非常广泛。小编将</span></font><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">202</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">4</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">年四大顶会中与</span></font><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">fuzz</span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;">技术相关的论文统计出来以供大家查阅。小编还将此次分享的论文在研究方向上进行了分类，以供大家参考。论文及摘要情况如下。</span></font></p><p style=""><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.012037" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5cd53845&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811HibLF4Yt9X65hZWBic1icralHmhkx1NxS1icfN1xxF8eFdwRjkuTZt63Rw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style=""><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=91732a83&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811GdGibSibBa2CD0wKLkxcWiatRLV5BuHEia6yMiaHjT6uxLxflM4DlXHRQIA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><h2><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></b></font></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">OptFuzz: Optimization Path Guided Fuzzing for JavaScript JIT Compilers</span></span></font></span></b></font></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Jiming Wang, Yan Kang, Chenggang Wu, Yuhao Hu, Yue Sun, Jikai Ren, Yuanming Lai, Mengyao Xie, Charles Zhang, Tao Li, Zhe Wang</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongguancun Laboratory; Tsinghua University; Nankai University</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">对</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">JavaScript</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">的即时编译器的模糊测试</span></font><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">即时编译器（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Just-In-Time, JIT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）是</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎的核心组成部分，它将一段</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">代码作为输入，经过一系列优化过程后将其转换为机器代码。这些优化过程通常对目标</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">代码有一些假设（例如，变量类型），因此如果这些假设不成立，可能会导致安全漏洞。为了发现此类错误，彻底测试不同的优化过程至关重要，但以往的研究未能做到这一点，主要集中于代码覆盖率的探索。本文提出了一种针对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript JIT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编译器的首个优化路径引导模糊测试解决方案，称为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，旨在探索优化路径覆盖率。具体而言，我们利用一种优化主路径度量来近似优化路径覆盖率，并将其作为反馈，以指导模糊测试过程中的种子保存和调度。我们已实现</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的原型，并在四个主流</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎上进行了评估。在早期版本的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎上，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现的漏洞数量是基线解决方案的几倍。而在最新的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎上，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">36</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个未知漏洞，而基线解决方案则没有发现任何漏洞。</span></span></font></span></font></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Fuzzing BusyBox: Leveraging LLM and Crash Reuse for Embedded Bug Unearthing</span></span></font></span></b></font></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></h2><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Asmita, Yaroslav Oliinyk, Michael Scott, Ryan Tsang, Chongzhou Fang, Houman Homayoun</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">University of CaliforniaDavis, NetRise</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">对开源软件</span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">BusyBox</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">的模糊测试</span></font></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BusyBox </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是一款开源软件，将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">300</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">多条基本</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">命令整合为一个可执行文件，广泛应用于基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的嵌入式设备中。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BusyBox</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">中的漏洞可能带来深远的影响，波及多种设备。本研究受到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BusyBox</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">广泛使用的驱动，深入分析了其特性。研究显示，在现实世界的嵌入式产品中，旧版本的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BusyBox</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">普遍存在，这促使我们对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BusyBox</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">进行模糊测试。模糊测试是一种关键的软件测试方法，旨在诱发崩溃，然后对这些崩溃进行仔细检查，以发现潜在的漏洞。在本研究中，我们提出了两种强化软件测试的技术。第一种技术通过利用大型语言模型（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Large Language Models, LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）生成针对特定目标的初始种子，从而增强模糊测试。我们的研究表明，使用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">生成的初始种子时，崩溃数量显著增加，突显了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在有效应对通常劳动密集型的生成目标特定初始种子任务中的潜力。第二种技术是在对新目标进行模糊测试之前，重新利用先前从类似模糊测试目标中获得的崩溃数据。这种方法通过在开始模糊测试之前直接为新目标提供崩溃数据，简化了耗时的模糊测试过程。我们成功识别了最新</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BusyBox</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">目标中的崩溃，而无需进行传统的模糊测试，强调了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和崩溃数据重用技术在提升软件测试和改善嵌入式系统漏洞检测方面的有效性。此外，还进行了人工分类，以识别最新</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BusyBox</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">中崩溃的性质。</span></span></font></span></font></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Towards Generic Database Management System Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></font></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yupeng Yang, Yongheng Chen, Rui Zhong, Jizhou Chen, Wenke Lee</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Georgia Institute of Technology, Palo Alto Networks</span></font></span></b></font></p><p style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></font></p><section style="text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">对非关系型数据库的模糊测试</span></font><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">数据库管理系统在现代网络空间中发挥着不可或缺的作用。近年来，虽然已提出多种模糊测试框架以测试关系型（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SQL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）数据库管理系统，以提升其安全性，但非关系型（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">NoSQL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）数据库管理系统尚未经历同样的审查，且普遍缺乏有效的测试解决方案。在本研究中，我们识别出现有方法在有效扩展到数据库管理系统模糊测试时的三大局限：缺乏通用性、使用静态约束和生成松散的数据依赖。随后，我们提出了有效的解决方案来应对这些局限性。我们将这些解决方案实现为一个端到端的模糊测试框架</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BUZZBEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，该框架能够有效地对关系型和非关系型数据库管理系统进行模糊测试。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BUZZBEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在四种不同数据模型的八个数据库管理系统中成功发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">40</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">25</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞已被修复，并分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。在我们的评估中，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BUZZBEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在代码覆盖率方面比最先进的通用模糊测试工具提高了多达</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">177%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，并且在非关系型数据库管理系统中发现的漏洞数量是第二佳模糊测试工具的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">30</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍，同时在与关系型数据库管理系统的专用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SQL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊测试工具比较时，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BUZZBEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">也取得了可比的结果。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">HYPERPILL: Fuzzing for Hypervisor-bugs by Leveraging the Hardware Virtualization Interface</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Alexander Bulekov, Qiang Liu, Manuel Egele, Mathias Payer</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">EPFL; Boston University; Zhejiang University; Amazon</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">对任意虚拟机监控器的通用模糊测试方法</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">云计算的安全保障依赖于底层虚拟机监控器（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">hypervisors</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 12.0000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）的隔离</span></span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">保障。以往的研究提出了有效的方法来自动识别虚拟机监控器中的漏洞，然而，这些方法的适用范围有限。例如，它们实现通常是特定于某种虚拟机监控器的，受限于对详细语法的要求、对源代码的访问以及对虚拟机监控器行为的假设。在实际应用中，复杂的闭源和较新的开源虚拟机监控器通常不适合现成的模糊测试技术。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HYPERPILL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">提出了一种针对任意虚拟机监控器的通用模糊测试方法。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HYPERPILL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">利用了一个洞见，即尽管虚拟机监控器的实现各异，但所有虚拟机监控器都依赖于相同的底层硬件虚拟化接口来管理虚拟机。为利用这一硬件虚拟化接口，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HYPERPILL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">对虚拟机监控器进行了快照，检查快照的硬件状态以枚举虚拟机监控器的输入空间，并在模拟环境中利用反馈引导的快照模糊测试来识别任意虚拟机监控器中的漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在我们的评估中，我们发现</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HYPERPILL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">不仅是首个能够识别任意虚拟机监控器中所有主要攻击面（即</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PIO/MMIO/Hyper</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">调用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">/DMA</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）漏洞的虚拟机监控器模糊测试工具，而且由于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HYPERPILL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">基于仿真的方法提供的反馈粒度，其性能优于依赖于源代码访问的最先进方法。在覆盖率方面，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HYPERPILL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">10/12</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">QEMU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">设备上的表现超越了以往的模糊测试工具，而无需以往研究所要求的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">API</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">钩取或源代码插桩技术。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HYPERPILL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在最近版本的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">QEMU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Hyper-V</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">macOS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">虚拟化框架中识别了四个设备类别中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">26</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">SDFuzz: Target States Driven Directed Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Penghui Li, Wei Meng, Chao Zhang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Indiana University Bloomington, Renmin University of China</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">定向驱动的模糊测试工具</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">定向模糊测试工具常常不必要地探索那些无法触发目标漏洞的程序代码和路径。我们观察到，定向模糊测试的主要应用场景提供了详细的漏洞描述，从中可以推导出高度有价值的程序状态（即目标状态），例如，当漏洞被触发时的调用踪迹。通过驱动以暴露这些目标状态，定向模糊测试工具可以排除大量不必要的探索。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">基于这一观察，我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，一种由目标状态驱动的高效定向模糊测试工具。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">首先自动提取漏洞报告和静态分析结果中的目标状态。然后，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">采用选择性插桩技术，将模糊测试范围缩小到达到目标状态所需的代码。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在探测到剩余执行无法到达目标状态后，便会提前终止测试用例的执行。此外，它还引入了一种新的目标状态反馈机制，并将之前不精确的距离度量细化为二维反馈机制，以主动驱动探索朝向目标状态。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">我们对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在已知漏洞上的表现进行了全面评估，并与相关工作进行了比较。结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在触发更多漏洞的同时，减少了所需时间，从而提高了漏洞暴露能力，优于当前最先进的解决方案。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">显著提升了模糊测试的吞吐量。我们将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SDFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用于自动验证静态分析结果，成功发现了四个新漏洞，这些漏洞在经过充分测试的应用程序中被发现，其中三个已得到开发者的确认。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Critical Code Guided Directed Greybox Fuzzing for Commits</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yi Xiang, Xuhong Zhang, Peiyu Liu, Shouling Ji, Xiao Xiao, Hong Liang, Jiacheng Xu, Wenhai Wang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University NGICS Platform, Jianghuai Advance Technology Center</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">针对代码的定向灰盒模糊测试工具</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">新提交的代码更改容易引入程序中的漏洞。作为一种有效的对策，可以使用定向灰盒模糊测试工具，通过将代码更改位置指定为目标，来测试这些更改。然而，现有的定向模糊测试工具主要集中在到达单一目标上，而忽视了对额外受影响代码的多样化探索。因此，它们可能会忽略在与更改位置距离较远的地方崩溃的错误，并且在多目标场景中缺乏针对性，而这在提交测试的上下文中是非常常见的。在本文中，我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WAFLGO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，一种直接的灰盒模糊测试工具，旨在有效发现由提交引入的漏洞。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WAFLGO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">采用了一种新颖的关键代码引导输入生成策略，以全面探索受影响的代码。具体而言，我们识别出两种关键代码：路径前缀代码和数据后缀代码。关键代码首先引导输入生成，逐步和逐增地到达更改位置。然后，在保持关键代码可达性的同时，输入生成策略进一步鼓励生成输入的多样性，从而探索受影响的代码。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WAFLGO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">引入了一种轻量级的多目标距离度量，以实现对所有更改位置的直接性和全面性检查。我们实现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WAFLGO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，并通过</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">30</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个由提交引入的真实漏洞对其进行了评估。与八种最先进的工具相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WAFLGO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的平均加速比为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">10.3</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍。此外，在对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">libtiff</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">fig2dev</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">libming</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">等真实软件最近</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">50</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个提交的测试中，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WAFLGO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">发现了七个新漏洞，其中包括四个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></font></b></p><p><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><br/></span></font></b></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Toward Unbiased Multiple-Target Fuzzing with Path Diversity</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Huanyao Rong, Wei You, Xiaofeng Wang, Tianhao Mao</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Zhongguancun Laboratory, Tsinghua University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">定向模糊测试的改进</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">定向模糊测试是一种先进的软件测试方法，可以系统地引导针对用户定义目标站点的模糊测试活动，从而能够有效发现与这些站点相关的漏洞。然而，我们观察到在频繁使用生成测试用例来测试有缺陷的站点时，定向模糊测试难以检测到一些较为复杂的漏洞，因为触发这些漏洞需要在程序的相关位置执行额外的代码。此外，在对多个目标进行模糊测试时，定向模糊中现有的能量分配缺乏精度，并且不能确保目标之间的能量分配的公平性，这导致在一些更深层的目标上花费的模糊测试工作量不足。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在这篇文章中，我们提出了一种新颖的定向模糊测试解决方案</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">AFLRun</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，它具有目标路径多样化度量以及无偏能量分配。首先，我们通过为每个覆盖的目标添加额外的原始位图来跟踪命中目标的种子的覆盖率状态，并以此开发了一种新的覆盖率度量标准。这种方法可以将通过有趣路径命中目标的路径点存储到语料库中，从而丰富每个目标的路径多样性。此外，我们提出了一种语料库级别的能量分配策略，以确保对每个目标的公平性。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">AFLRUN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">从均匀的目标权重开始，并将该权重传播到种子，以获得所需的种子权重分布。通过根据这种所需分布为语料库中的每个种子分配能量，可以实现精确且无偏的能量分配。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">我们构建了一个原型系统，并使用标准基准测试和几个经过广泛模糊测试的真实应用程序评估其性能。评估结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">AFLRUN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在漏洞检测的数量和速度上都优于最先进的模糊测试工具。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">AFLRUN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在四个不同的程序中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">29</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个先前未识别的漏洞，其中包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">8</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Data Coverage for Guided Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Mingzhe Wang, Jie Liang, Chijin Zhou, Zhiyong Wu, Jingzhou Fu, Zhuo Su, Qing Liao, Bin Gu, Bodong Wu, Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Tsinghua University,Harbin Institute of Technology,Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">使用数据覆盖率引导的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">代码覆盖率对于模糊测试十分重要。它帮助模糊器识别那些最有可能出现</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">bug</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">且未被探索到的程序区域。然而代码覆盖率只反映了程序结构中的一小部分。许多关键的程序构造，例如约束条件、自动机和图灵完备的领域特定语言，都作为常量数据嵌入在程序中。然而这些数据并不能被代码覆盖率有效地反映出来，它们仍是当今模糊测试所面对的一大主要挑战。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">为了解决这个挑战，我们提出了数据覆盖率指导的模糊测试。这种方式的理念是去探测新的数据引用并最大化他的覆盖率。然而，广泛使用的常量数据如果不小心处理的话会对模糊测试的吞吐量产生显著的影响。为了解决这个问题，我们根据语义对数据访问进行分类，并设计客制化的收集策略，来优化实际的模糊测试实践。我们也开发了新颖的存储与利用技术用于提升模糊测试的效率。最后，我们利用数据覆盖来改进了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Libfuzzer</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，并将其提交给了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Google</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">FuzzBench</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">以作评估。我们的方法优于许多当前先进的模糊器，并在实验中获得了最高的覆盖率得分。此外，我们在使用代码覆盖率充分模糊测试的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">OSS-Fuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">项目中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">28</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个此前未知的漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">ResolverFuzz: Automated Discovery of DNS Resolver Vulnerabilities with Query-Response Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Qifan Zhang, Xuesong Bai, Xiang Li, Haixin Duan, Qi Li, Zhou Li</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">University of California, Irvine, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Laboratory, Quan Cheng Laboratory</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">对DNS解析器的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是互联网的一个重要组成部分。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">解析器充当</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">客户端和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">名称服务器之间的缓存，是</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">基础设施的核心部分，其对于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的可扩展性至关重要。然而，找到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">解析器中的漏洞并非易事，并且当前的工具并不能很好的解决这个问题。这里举出几个原因，首先，大多数已知的解析器漏洞都是不能被现有的检测工具（或</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">sanitizer</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）直接检测到的非崩溃型漏洞。其次，缺乏严格的规范可作为参考来将测试用例分类为解析器漏洞。最后，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">解析器是有状态的，而状态化的模糊测试现在仍因其巨大的输入空间而面临着不小的挑战。</span></span></font><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本篇文章中，我们展示了一种叫做</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">RESOLVERFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的新型模糊测试系统来解决上面提到的各种挑战，并开发了一套新的技术。首先，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">RESOLVERFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">通过关注较短的查询</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">响应序列来进行有状态的模糊测试，基于我们对已发布</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的研究，这被证明是发现解析器漏洞的最有效方法。其次，为了生成出更有可能触发解释器漏洞的测试用例，我们将基于输入生成概率上下文无关语法</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">(PCFG)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">与对查询与回应消息字节级别的变异相结合。最后，我们利用差异测试和聚类来识别非崩溃型的漏洞，例如缓存投毒。我们对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">RESOLVERFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种解析器模式下对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个主流</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DNS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">软件进行了评估。总的来说，我们识别出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">23</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种可能导致内存投毒，资源消耗以及崩溃攻击的漏洞。在官方的披露后，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">19</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞已被确认或修复，并被分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">15</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编号。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Understanding Ethereum Mempool Security under Asymmetric DoS by Symbolized Stateful Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yibo Wang, Yuzhe Tang, Kai Li, Wanning Ding</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Syracuse University, San Diego State University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">内存池模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在区块链中，内存池控制着交易在达成共识之前的流动，拒绝服务攻击会损害区块链网络的健壮和安全。本文提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这是第一个内存池模糊测试工具，通过探索符号化的内存池状态空间并乐观地估计中间状态到达漏洞检测目标的潜力，来发现不对称的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DoS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞。与基准区块链模糊测试工具相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在发现已知</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DETER</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞方面实现了超过</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">100</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍的速度提升。在主要的以太坊客户端上运行</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">发现了新的内存池漏洞，这些漏洞展现了各种复杂的模式，包括隐秘的内存池驱逐和内存池锁定。本文也针对所有新发现的漏洞，提出了基于规则的缓解方案。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Atropos: Effective Fuzzing of Web Applications for Server-Side Vulnerabilities</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span leaf="">Emre Güler, Sergej Schumilo, Moritz Schloegel, Nils Bars, Philipp Görz, Xinyi Xu, Cemal Kaygusuz, Thorsten Holz</span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Ruhr University Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">对Web应用服务器端的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">服务器端</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序仍主要以</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">语言实现。即使是现在，以</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">为基础的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用也被大量不同的安全漏洞所困扰，这些漏洞的范围从</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SQL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">注入到文件包含以及远程代码执行。自动化的安全测试方法通常集中于静态检查以及污点分析。这些方法都高度依赖于对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">语言的准确建模，并且经常受到（可能很多）误报的影响。有趣的是，尽管动态测试技术如模糊测试能够避免这些常见问题并迅速被其他领域（例如，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">C/C++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">编写的本地应用程序的测试）采纳，但在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序测试中却并未获得认可。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在这片文章中，我们展示了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ATROPOS,</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">这是一种基于</span></span></font><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">快照的反馈驱动的模糊测试方法，专为基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序量身定制。我们的方法考虑了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序面临的挑战，例如维护会话状态和生成高度结构化的输入。此外，我们提出了一种反馈机制，以自动推断</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序使用的键值结构。结合八个新的错误检测机制，每个机制覆盖服务器端</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序中一种常见的漏洞类别，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ATROPOS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">成为第一个能够有效和高效地对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序进行模糊测试的方法。我们的评估显示，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ATROPOS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序测试中显著超越了当前的先进水平。特别是，它平均发现至少</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">32%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的更多漏洞，同时在不同的测试套件中没有报告任何误报。在分析现实世界的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序时，我们识别出七个以前未知的漏洞，这些漏洞甚至可以被未经身份验证的用户利用。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">From One Thousand Pages of Specification to Unveiling Hidden Bugs: Large Language Model Assisted Fuzzing of Matter IoT Devices</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Xiaoyue Ma, Lannan Luo, Qiang Zeng</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">George Mason University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">对于物联网连接标准Matter的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Matter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">是一个由超过两百家公司支持的物联网连接标准。自</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">2022</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">年</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">10</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">月发布其规范以来，许多物联网设备已经可以兼容</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Matter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">因此，识别</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Matter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">设备中的漏洞和弱点成为一个新兴的重要问题。本文介绍了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">mGPTFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这是文献资料中第一个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Matter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模糊测试工具。我们的方法利用了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Matter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">规范中的大量详细信息来引导测试输入的生成。然而，由于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Matter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">规范的篇幅庞大，超过一千页，手动将人类可读内容转换为机器可读信息既繁琐又耗时，且容易出错。为了解决这个挑战，我们利用大型语言模型成功地自动化了转换过程。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">mGPTFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">进行状态分析，生成消息序列以发现其他方法难以发现的漏洞。评估涉及</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">23</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">种不同的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Matter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">设备，发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">147</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新漏洞，其中三个被分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">编号。相比之下，最先进的物联网模糊测试工具在这些设备上未发现任何漏洞。</span></span></font></b></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">SHiFT: Semi-hosted Fuzz Testing for Embedded Applications</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Alejandro Mera, Changming Liu, Ruimin Sun, Engin Kirda, Long Lu</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Northeastern University, Florida International University, Northeastern University</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">嵌入式设备模糊测试</span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></section><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">物联网时代，现代微控制器</span></span><b><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(MCU)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在关键的嵌入式应用中无处不在。因此，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MCU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">固件的保护是重要的。为了分析</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MCU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">固件的安全性，现有的工作大多采用基于重新托管的技术。这些技术将固件移植到工程平台上，需要定制的硬件或模拟</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MCU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的不同部分。结果，安全从业者发现这种技术低保真、误报率高，并与真实和复杂的硬件的兼容性降低。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></section><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">本文介绍了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SHIFT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这是一个利用行业半托管的框架，提供了一种全新的方法，可以在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MCU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">中本地分析固件。这种新方法提供了高保真度，减少了误报，并提供了与复杂外围设备、异步事件、实时操作和直接内存访问 </span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(DMA) </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的兼容性。我们验证了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SHIFT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">13</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">种流行的嵌入式架构的兼容性，并充分评估了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ARMv7-M</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ARMv8-M</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Xtensa</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">架构的原型。我们的评估表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SHIFT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">可以通过在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MCU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">中本地运行的组件检测大部分的固件故障。在性能方面，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SHIFT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">比基于软件的模拟快两个数量级（即×</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">100</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">），甚至可以与工作站中的模糊测试原生应用程序相媲美。由于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SHIFT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的独特特性，我们发现了五个以前未知的漏洞，包括流行的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">FreeRTOS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">内核上的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">0-day</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞，并且没有误报。我们的原型和源代码可在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://github.com/RiS3-Lab/SHIFT" target="_blank">https://github.com/RiS3-Lab/SHIFT</a></span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">公开获得。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Cascade: CPU Fuzzing via Intricate Program Generation</span></span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Flavien Solt, Kaveh Razavi</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Katharina Ceesay-Seitz, ETH Zurich</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">为CPU模糊测试生成测试用例的方法研究</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模糊测试生成有趣的测试用例类似于生成在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">内执行不寻常状态的程序。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模糊测试的性能受到这些程序的质量和错误检测的开销的影响很大。我们对现有的最先进的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模糊器的分析表明，由于控制流无效，它们生成的程序要么过于简单，要么执行一小部分指令。结合开销较高的指令粒度错误检测机制，会导致模糊测试效率低下。我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Cascade</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这是一种使用高度随机和相互依赖的控制流和数据流生成任意长度的有效</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">RISC-V</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">程序的新方法。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Cascade</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">依赖于一种称为非对称</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ISA</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">预模拟的新技术，用于在生成程序时将数据流和控制流纠缠在一起。当程序触发目标</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">中的错误时，这种纠缠会导致非终止，从而使</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Cascade</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">能够在程序粒度上检测</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">错误，而不会引入任何运行时开销。我们的评估表明，长</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Cascade</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">程序在测试</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的内部设计方面更有效。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Cascade</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">比最先进的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模糊器实现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">28.2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">97</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍的覆盖率，并在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">5</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个复杂程度不同的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">RISC-V CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">37</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新的错误</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(28</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。触发这些错误的程序既长又复杂，阻碍了分诊。为了应对这一挑战，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Cascade</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">采用了一种自动修剪方法，该方法将程序减少到触发错误的最少数量的指令。</span></span></font></b></p><p><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><br/></span></font></b></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">MultiFuzz: A Multi-Stream Fuzzer For Testing Monolithic Firmware</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Michael Chesser, Surya Nepal, Damith C. Ranasinghe</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">The University of Adelaide and Data61 CSIRO, Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, Data61 CSIRO, Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, The University of Adelaide</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">嵌入式设备模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">嵌入式设备的迅速流行是在为攻击者创造新的目标和机会。然而，固件和硬件之间的复杂交互给应用自动化测试带来了挑战，例如模糊测试。最先进的方法在仿真器中重新托管固件，并通过提供来自大量设备</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">如调制解调器</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的各种方法</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">如中断</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的输入来促进与硬件的复杂交互。我们意识到模糊器如何生成输入</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">作为单片文件</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">以及如何在重新托管执行期间消耗输入</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">作为流，在片中，每个外围设备</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">之间的显著脱节。我们展示了断开连接，以显著影响模糊器在发现探索更深代码和错误的输入方面的有效性。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">我们重新思考了用于单片固件模糊册数的输入生成过程，并提出了一种新的方法</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">——多流输入生成和表示；输入现在是一个独立的流的集合，每个外围设备一个。我们通过实现</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">i)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">流特定的突变策略；</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ii)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">为外围设备生成有用值的有效方法；</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">iii)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">增强模糊过程中学习到的信息的使用；</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(iv)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">提高模糊器处理障碍的能力，以此证明我们方法的多功能性和有效性。我们设计并构建了一个新的模糊器</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MULTIFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，用于测试单片固件，并在合成和真实目标上评估我们的方法。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MULTIFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">从一个基准传递所有</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">66</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个单元测试，该基准由</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">46</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个针对不同微控制器的合成二进制文件组成。在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">23</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个真实固件目标的评估中，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MULTIFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">优于最先进的模糊器</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Fuzzware</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Ember-IO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MULTIFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">23</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个固件目标中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">14</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个上覆盖了明显更多的代码，在其余目标上的覆盖率相似。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">MUL-TIFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在现实世界的目标中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">18</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新的错误，并且这些错误大部分通过了先前模糊器的测试。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">WhisperFuzz: White-Box Fuzzing for Detecting and Locating Timing Vulnerabilities in Processors</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Pallavi Borkar, Chen Chen, Mohamadreza Rostami, Nikhilesh Singh, Rahul Kande, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Chester Rebeiro, Jeyavijayan Rajendran</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Texas A&amp;M University, Technische Universität Darmstadt</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">针对CPU时序漏洞的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">处理器中的时序漏洞已成为一种有效的威胁。由于处理器是任何计算系统的基础，因此识别这些缺陷是必不可少的。最近，传统上用于检测软件漏洞的模糊测试技术，在揭示大规模硬件设计</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">如处理器</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">中的漏洞方面展示出良好的效果。研究人员采用了黑盒或灰盒来检测处理器中的时序漏洞。然而，它们无法识别这些定时漏洞的位置或根本原因，也没有提供覆盖率反馈，以增强设计师对处理器安全性的信心。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">为了解决现有模糊器的不足，我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WhisperFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">——第一个静态分析的白盒模糊器——旨在检测和定位处理器中的定时漏洞并评估微架构时序行为的覆盖率。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WhisperFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">使用处理器的时序行为的基本特性和微架构状态转换来定位时序漏洞。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WhisperFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">自动从寄存器传输级（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">RTL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）的处理器设计中提取微架构状态转换，并对设计进行加装，以监测状态转换作为覆盖率。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WhisperFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">测量被测试设计（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DUT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）处理测试所需的时间，识别任何微小的异常变动，这些变动可能暗示存在时序漏洞。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WhisperFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在先进的开源</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">RISC-V</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">处理器中检测到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">12</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新的时序漏洞，包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BOOM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Rocket Core</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVA6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。其中八个违反了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Zkt</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">扩展的零延迟要求，被视为严重的安全漏洞。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WhisperFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">还确定了新漏洞和现有漏洞的位置。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">EL3XIR: Fuzzing COTS Secure Monitors</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Christian Lindenmeier, Mathias Payer and Marcel Busch</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, EPFL</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">基于TrustZone的可信执行环境的安全监控固件层的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ARM TrustZone</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">构成了移动设备的安全基础。基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TrustZone</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的可信执行环境（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）促进了用户身份验证、磁盘加密和数字版权管理（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DRM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）等安全敏感任务。因此，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">软件栈中的错误可能会危及整个系统的完整性。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">EL3XIR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">引入了一个框架，以有效地重新托管和模糊测试基于专有</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TrustZone</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的安全监控固件层。尽管其他方法集中在简单地重新托管或模糊测试可信应用（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">EL0</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）或</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">操作系统（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">EL1</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">），</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">EL3XIR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">则针对高度特权但尚未探索的安全监控（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">EL3</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）及其独特挑战。安全监控通过多种安全监控调用，暴露出依赖多个外设的复杂功能。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在我们的评估中，我们证明了现有的模糊测试方法不足以有效模糊测试现成的安全监控。尽管简单模糊测试似乎达到了合理的覆盖率，但由于缺乏外设仿真，它未能克服覆盖率墙，并且由于输入空间庞大和输入质量低，触发错误的能力有限。我们遵循负责任的披露程序，报告了总共</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">34</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个错误，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">17</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个被分类为安全关键。受影响的供应商确认了其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">14</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个错误，因此，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">EL3XIR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">被分配了六个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.012037" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5cd53845&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811HibLF4Yt9X65hZWBic1icralHmhkx1NxS1icfN1xxF8eFdwRjkuTZt63Rw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b688d5d1&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811x3BSwXa5BIJNIh0u63HgCvrpicbsHKDBCVibBzn9HK5ECibV8MeJb2UPw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Where URLs Become Weapons: Automated Discovery of SSRF Vulnerabilities in Web Applications.</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Enze Wang, Jianjun Chen, Wei Xie, Chuhan Wang, Yifei Gao, Zhenhua Wang, Haixin Duan, Yang Liu, Baosheng Wang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">National University of Defense Technology, Tsinghua University, Nanyang Technological University;</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><span leaf="" style="color: rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 宋体;font-weight: bold;">针对SSRF漏洞的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">服务器端请求伪造</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(SSRF)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞给</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序带来了显著的安全风险，使攻击者能够利用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序作为垫脚石，实现对内部服务的未授权访问，甚至执行任意命令。尽管</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">最近作为一个单独的类别出现在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">2021</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">年</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">OWASP Top 10</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">网络安全风险上并且影响到越来越多的现代</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用，目前仍然缺乏系统地检测</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞的有效方法。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">我们提出了一种新的方法</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，以有效地识别</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞。我们的方法包括三个阶段。在初始阶段，我们设计了一个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRF oracle</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">来检查</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">手册中的函数，并识别提供服务器端请求能力的目标。该过程共识别出</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">2101</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">函数中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">86</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个敏感</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">目标。第二阶段涉及动态污点推理和利用已识别的目标来检查目标</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序的源代码，确定可以触发这些目标函数的所有可行输入点。最终阶段采用模糊技术。我们使用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">有效负载生成测试</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">HTTP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">请求，将它们发送到目标</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">应用程序中先前识别的输入点，并检测是否触发</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞。我们实现了一个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的原型，并在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">27</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个实际应用中对其进行了评估，包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Joomla</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WordPress</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。总的来说，我们发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">28</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SSRF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">25</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个以前未报告。我们报告了受影响供应商的所有漏洞，并分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">16</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE ID</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">LLMIF: Augmented Large Language Model for Fuzzing IoT Devices</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Jincheng Wang, Le Yu, Xiapu Luo</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;font-weight: bold;">The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">物联网协议Zigbee模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">尽管模糊测试在验证网络协议的执行正确性方面非常有效，但现有的物联网协议模糊测试方法仍存在一些局限性，包括信息格式混淆、信息依赖性未解决以及缺乏对测试用例的评估。这些限制大大削弱了物联网模糊器在漏洞识别方面的能力。在这项工作中，我们表明协议规范包含对协议信息的有效描述，可用于克服上述限制并指导物联网协议模糊测试。为了实现规范分析的自动化，我们用规范内容增强了大型语言模型，并驱动它执行两项任务（即协议信息提取和设备响应推理）。我们进一步设计并实现了一种模糊算法</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLMIF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，它将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">纳入了物联网模糊处理。最后，我们选择</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Zigbee</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">作为目标协议并启动了综合评估。评估结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLMIF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">成功解决了上述局限性。与现有的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Zigbee</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊器相比，它的协议信息覆盖率和代码覆盖率分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">55.2%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">53.9%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。除了增强覆盖率外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLMIF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">还在真实世界的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Zigbee</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">设备上发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞，其中包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个以前未知的漏洞。现有的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Zigbee</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊器未覆盖其中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">DY Fuzzing: Formal Dolev-Yao Models Meet Cryptographic Protocol Fuzz Testing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Max Ammann, Lucca Hirschi, Steve Kremer</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Independent Researcher &amp; Trail of Bits, Inria Nancy Grand-Est Universit</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">´</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">e de Lorraine, LORIA</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">加密协议（如TLS）模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">关键和广泛使用的加密协议一再被发现在其设计和实现中包含缺陷。此类漏洞的一个突出类别是逻辑攻击，例如利用有缺陷的协议逻辑的攻击。基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Dolev Yao</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DY</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）攻击者的自动化形式化验证方法形式化地定义并擅长于发现此类缺陷，但仅在抽象规范模型上操作。目前，对现有协议实现的完全自动化验证仍然遥不可及。这就留下了这样的实现是否安全的问题。不幸的是，这个盲点隐藏了许多攻击，例如最近对广泛使用的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">TLS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">实现的逻辑攻击，这些攻击是由实现错误引入的。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为此，我们提出了一种新颖而有效的技术，我们称之为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DY</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模型引导模糊测试，它可以防止对协议实现的逻辑攻击。其主要思想是将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DY</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">攻击者的抽象</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DY</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">执行集作为可能的测试用例，并使用一种新颖的基于突变的模糊器来探索该集。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DY</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊器将每个抽象执行具体化，在被测程序上进行测试。这种方法能够在更结构化和安全相关的级别上对表示为正式术语的消息进行推理（例如，解密消息并使用不同的密钥重新加密），而不是随机的比特级修改，后者不太可能产生相关的逻辑对抗行为。我们实现了一个成熟的和模块化的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DY</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">协议模糊器。我们通过模糊测试三种流行的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">TLS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">实现来证明其有效性，从而发现了四个新的漏洞。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Titan : Efficient Multi-target Directed Greybox Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Heqing Huang, Peisen Yao, Hung-Chun Chiu Yiyuan Guo, Charles Zhang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">定向模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">当同时分析程序中的多个目标时，现代定向模糊法经常面临可扩展性问题。我们发现，根本原因在于定向模糊器没有意识到目标之间的相关性，因此可能退化为目标不定向方法。因此，在重现多个目标时，定向模糊的效率会受到严重影响。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文介绍了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Titan</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，它能让模糊器区分程序中不同目标之间的相关性，从而优化输入生成，有效重现多个目标。利用这些相关性，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Titan</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">可以区分种子到达每个目标的调度潜力，并识别出可以同时改变的字节以进行突变。我们将我们的方法与八种最先进的（定向）模糊器进行了比较。评估结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Titan</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的性能优于现有方法，它能有效检测多个目标，速度提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">21.4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍，执行次数减少了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">95.0%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。此外，在最新版本的基准程序中，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Titan</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">还检测到了其他定向模糊器无法检测到的九个不完全修复，这些程序具有两个分配的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE ID</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Predecessor-aware Directed Greybox Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yujian Zhang, Yaokun Liu, Jinyu Xu, Yanhao Wang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Southeast University, China</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">定向灰盒模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">定向灰盒模糊（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）是一种面向目标的模糊技术，可以重现或发现软件漏洞。该目标通常通过两个阶段来实现：静态分析（事先获取程序结构信息）和动态执行（将模糊引向目标站点）。然而，现有的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">方法仍然存在繁重和不完整的问题。前者是指在识别和接近目标点时需要付出额外的努力，后者是指由于间接调用或者最近的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">所能覆盖的路径不足，导致对目标点的测试不完整。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文提出了一种前置区感知定向灰盒模糊（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PDGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）方法，并将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">视为路径搜索问题。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PDGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">将给定程序划分为前置区和非前置区，并通过最初的轻量级程序分析和随后的动态执行过程中的扩充来维护一组前置区。与此同时，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PDGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引入了一种称为区域成熟度的新型适配度量来表示前置区的覆盖率，并包含一种基于模拟退火的功率调度技术以及种子选择和突变技术，以高效、广泛地覆盖前置区。我们在一个包含</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">30</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个真实世界程序目标站点的基准上对所提出的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PDGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">进行了评估，并与最先进的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">工具进行了广泛的比较。实验结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PDGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在暴露时间、路径多样性和错误发现方面都优于竞争对手。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PDGF </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">还发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">9</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已被指定为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">AFGen: Whole-Function Fuzzing for Applications and Libraries</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yuwei Liu, Yanhao Wang, Xiangkun Jia, Zheng Zhang, Purui Su</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">TCA/SKLCS, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">；</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">University of Chinese Academy of Sciences</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">；</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Ocean University of China</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">库函数模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊技术已被广泛用于发现漏洞，但现有的模糊技术仍无法覆盖和探索应用程序或库中的所有功能。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">现有工作</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为库的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">API</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">函数自动生成模糊</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">harness</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的工作提供了一种直接测试目标函数的方法。然而，将这些方法应用于项目（如库）的任意内部函数则具有挑战性。具体来说，对于用户来说，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">API</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">函数的上下文通常简单明了，但内部函数的复杂依赖性导致其运行上下文和参数约束更为复杂，因此很难高效生成模糊</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">harness</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本文中，我们提出了全功能模糊法，这是一种</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“自下而上”的方法，通过覆盖所有功能来模糊应用程序和程序库。我们认为，如果能在实现全功能覆盖的同时牺牲精度，而这种牺牲可以通过精细的设计来减轻，这将有利于漏洞的发现。为此，我们设计并实现了自动全功能模糊处理框架</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。给定一个目标函数后，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">将生成一个模糊</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">harness</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，以适当的初始程序上下文到达目标函数，并根据发现的崩溃约束条件完善模糊线束。具体来说，它会根据控制流和数据流的依赖关系对目标函数的调用语句进行切分，根据类型为切分代码中使用的必要变量赋值，并搜索与崩溃相关的变量的约束语句。通过这种方式，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">生成的模糊</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">harness</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">误报率很低。为了验证</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的有效性，我们从</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个开源项目中收集了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">102</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已知漏洞。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">成功地为所有漏洞函数创建了模糊</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">harness</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，在收集到的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">102</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已知漏洞中，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">66</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞，优于所有比较工具，是第二好的模糊器（即</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFL++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）所发现漏洞的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">触发的崩溃精确度达到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">77.1%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，是</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FUDGE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">精确度的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFGEN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">还发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">24</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已确认</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE ID</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的未知漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Labrador: Response Guided Directed Fuzzing for Black-box IoT Devices</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Hangtian Liu, Shuitao Gan, Chao Zhang, Zicong Gao, Hongqi Zhang, Xiangzhi Wang, Guangming Gao</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Information Engineering University, Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Laboratory, Laboratory for Advanced Computing and Intelligence Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of InformUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of Chinaation Security</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">IOT模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊测试是发现软件（包括物联网固件）漏洞的常用解决方案。然而，由于仿真或重新托管固件的挑战，一些物联网设备（如企业级设备）只能以黑盒方式进行模糊测试，这使得模糊器由于缺少反馈（如代码覆盖率或距离）而变得盲目和低效。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的响应引导型定向模糊解决方案</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LABRADOR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，能够高效地测试黑盒物联网设备。具体来说，我们利用网络响应来推断固件的执行轨迹，并推断出测试的代码覆盖率。其次，我们利用测试用例（即请求）及其响应来估计与目标敏感代码（即汇）的距离。最后，我们进一步利用距离来指导测试用例的突变，从而有效地将定向模糊引向候选脆弱代码。我们实现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LABRADOR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的原型，并在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">14</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种不同的企业级物联网设备上进行了评估。结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LABRADOR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">明显优于最先进的（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SOTA</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）解决方案。它发现的漏洞比</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SNIPUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BOOFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FIRM-AFL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">多</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">44</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍，比</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SaTC</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">多</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8.57</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍。它总共发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">79</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个未知漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">61</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Everything is Good for Something: Counterexample-Guided Directed Fuzzing via Likely Invariant Inference</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Heqing Huang, Anshunkang Zhou, Mathias Payer, Charles Zhang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">City University of Hong Kong, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">定向模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">定向模糊测试展示了其在重现漏洞报告、验证补丁和调试漏洞方面的潜力。最先进的定向模糊测试工具会优先处理更有可能触发目标漏洞的输入，或者过滤与目标无关的输入。尽管如此，现有方法在重现特定漏洞方面仍然存在挑战，因为大多数生成的输入都是无关紧要的。例如，在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Magma</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">基准测试中，超过</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">94%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的生成输入没有命中目标漏洞。我们将这一挑战称为间接输入生成问题。我们提出通过限制输入生成来增加到达目标位置的输入产量。我们的核心见解是从可达和不可达的执行输入中推断出可能的不变性，以限制后续输入生成的搜索空间，并产生更多的可达输入。此外，我们提出了两种选择策略，以最小化不必要的输入比例，有效进行不变性推断，并降低不精确不变性的优先级，以实现有效的输入生成。我们的原型实现</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Halo</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，在重现目标漏洞方面比最先进的定向模糊测试工具快</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">15.3</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍，通过生成</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6.2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍更多的可达输入。在我们的评估过程中，我们还发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个以前未知的漏洞，其中涉及</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个未完全修复的最新版本。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">SoK: Prudent Evaluation Practices for Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Moritz Schloegel, Nils Bars, Nico Schiller, Lukas Bernhard, Tobias Scharnowski</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Ruhr University Bochum,University of Birmingham</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">模糊测试工具评估</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在过去十年中，模糊测试已被证明是一种非常有效的发现软件漏洞的方法。自从</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">普及了轻量级覆盖反馈的开创性概念以来，模糊测试领域出现了大量的科学工作，提出了新技术，改进了现有策略的方法论，或将现有方法移植到新领域。所有这些工作都必须通过展示其对问题的适用性、测量其性能，并且通常在彻底的实证评估中展示其优于现有工作的优越性来证明其价值。然而，模糊测试对其目标、环境和情况非常敏感，例如，测试过程中的随机性。毕竟，依赖随机性是模糊测试的核心原则之一，它控制着模糊测试器行为的许多方面。再加上通常难以控制的环境，实验的可重复性是一个关键问题，需要谨慎的评估设置。为了解决这些对有效性的威胁，包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Klees</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">等人的“评估模糊测试”在内的几项工作已经概述了应该如何实施精心设计的评估设置，但它们的建议在实践中被采纳到什么程度仍然未知。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在这项工作中，我们系统分析了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2018</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年至</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2023</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年间在顶级刊物上发表的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">150</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">篇模糊化论文的评估情况。我们研究了现有指南的实施方式，并观察了潜在的缺点和隐患。我们发现，在模糊评估中，令人吃惊的是，现有指南对统计测试和系统误差的忽视。例如，在调查报告的漏洞时，我们发现在现实世界的软件中寻找漏洞会导致作者请求并收到质量可疑的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。将我们的文献分析扩展到实际领域后，我们尝试重现八篇模糊测试论文的主张。通过这些案例研究，我们可以评估模糊研究的实际可重复性，并找出评估设计中的典型陷阱。遗憾的是，我们重现的结果显示了所研究论文中的一些不足之处，因此我们无法完全支持和重现相关主张。为了帮助模糊领域向科学可重现的评估策略迈进，我们提出了进行模糊评估的最新准则，未来的工作应遵循这些准则。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Towards Smart Contract Fuzzing on GPUs</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Weimin Chen, Xiapu Luo, Haipeng Cai, Haoyu Wang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Washington State University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">智能合约模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊测试是发现智能合约漏洞的主要技术之一。但遗憾的是，现有的智能合约模糊器的吞吐量很低，原因包括：</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">EVM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">执行速度慢、共识协议带来的延迟、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的并行化能力有限以及仪器化</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">EVM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">带来的开销。为了解决这一关键问题，我们在本文中率先利用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的并行计算能力来提高智能合约模糊处理的吞吐量。更确切地说，通过将模糊工作负载转换为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SIMD</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">任务，我们可以激活数千个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内核来同时测试智能合约。为实现这一目标，我们设计了新的解决方案来应对三大挑战，即开发增量存储以降低</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存成本，提出有状态位图以将事务依赖性嵌入反馈度量，以及设计并行反馈算法以排除导致冗余重叠的非预期种子。我们实现了一个原型，命名为“</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU-R</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">”。我们实现了一个名为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MAU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的原型，它首先将智能合约的字节码转换为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PTX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">汇编中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SIMD</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应用程序，然后在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">上并行运行。我们使用大型和小型基准对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MAU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">进行了评估。实验结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MAU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的吞吐量分别达到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">162.37K execs/sec</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">328.06K execs/sec</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，比最先进的工具提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8.69-15.38</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍。此外，高吞吐量还使</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MAU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的错误检测率提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.01-2.50</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍，代码覆盖率提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.03-4.71</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍。</span></span></font></span></p><p><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">SyzTrust: State-aware Fuzzing on Trusted OS Designed for IoT Devices</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Qinying Wang, Boyu Chang, Shouling Ji, Yuan Tian, Xuhong Zhang, Binbin Zhao, Gaoning Pan</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Zhejiang University, University of California, Georgia Institute of Technology</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">IOT可信操作系统模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">嵌入物联网设备的可信执行环境（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）提供了一种可部署的解决方案，可在硬件层面确保物联网应用的安全。根据设计，在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">中，可信操作系统（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Trusted OS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）是主要组件。它使</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">能够使用基于安全的设计技术，如数据加密和身份验证。一旦可信操作系统被利用，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">就无法再确保安全性。然而，用于物联网设备的可信操作系统很少得到安全分析，这在以下几个方面具有挑战性：（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">1</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）可信操作系统是闭源的，不利于发送测试用例和收集反馈。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）可信操作系统具有复杂的数据结构，需要有状态的工作流程，这限制了现有的漏洞检测工具。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SYZTRUST</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这是第一个用于审查资源有限的可信操作系统安全性的状态感知模糊框架。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SYZTRUST</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">采用硬件辅助框架，可直接在物联网设备上对可信操作系统进行模糊测试，并以非侵入方式跟踪状态和代码覆盖范围。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SYZTRUST</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">利用复合反馈来指导模糊器有效探索更多状态，并提高代码覆盖率。我们在三大供应商的可信操作系统上对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SYZTRUST</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">进行了评估：三星、清联云和阿里云。这些系统在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Cortex M23/33 MCU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">上运行，为嵌入式</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">TEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">提供了必要的抽象。我们在这些系统的可信操作系统中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">70</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个以前未知的漏洞，迄今已获得</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">10</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。此外，与基线相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SYZTRUST</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">有了显著的改进，包括代码覆盖率提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">66%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，状态覆盖率提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">651%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，漏洞查找能力提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">31%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。我们向供应商报告所有发现的新漏洞，并将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SYZTRUST</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">开源。</span></span></font></b></p><p><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">To Boldly Go Where No Fuzzer Has Gone Before: Finding Bugs in Linux</span></span></font><font face="等线 Light"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">’ </span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Wireless Stacks through VirtIO Devices</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Sonke Huster, Matthias Hollick, Jiska Classen</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Secure Mobile Networking Lab (SEEMOO) of TU Darmstadt, University of Gottingen, University of Potsdam</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">Linux内核无线接口模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">内核接口的安全性对于防止空中攻击、近距离攻击或其他网络攻击至关重要。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">内核不断受到模糊处理，以检测新引入的漏洞。尽管现有的模糊器运行时间很长，但由于它们不了解物理设备的语义，难以适应新设备，因此无法检测到关键漏洞。本文提出了一种名为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">VIRTFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的新型模糊器，它基于虚拟</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">I/O</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">VirtIO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）设备驱动程序。代理机制可从物理设备交互中收集数据。然后，这些收集到的输入通过虚拟设备进行模糊处理。利用通用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">VirtIO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">设备，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">VIRTFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">具有通用性，可轻松适用于各种</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Linux VirtIO</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">内核驱动程序及其相关子系统。我们使用这种方法对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">蓝牙和无线局域网（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WLAN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）协议栈进行模糊测试。为了证明我们方法的适应性，我们还提供了对网络和输入堆栈进行模糊测试的实现方法。我们发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">31</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个人工确认的新漏洞，并分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个常见漏洞和暴露 </span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">(CVE)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。</span></span></font></b></p><p><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Saturn: Host-Gadget Synergistic USB Driver Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yiru Xu, Hao Sun, Jianzhong Liu, Yuheng Shen, Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">BNRist, Tsinghua University</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">USB驱动程序的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">通用串行总线（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">USB</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）是现代操作系统中的一个重要组件，可让各种外围设备方便地连接到计算机。操作系统中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">USB</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">栈通常由以下两个部分组成：主机端驱动程序和设备端小工具驱动程序，这两个部分都是安全关键。如果这些特权模式驱动程序中的任何漏洞被利用，恶意或畸形设备就会导致整个系统崩溃。模糊（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Fuzzing</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）是一种流行的自动漏洞检测技术，已被用于测试驱动程序等内核组件，并取得了不同程度的成功。然而，现有的工作主要集中在一个方面，</span></span></font></b><b><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">即通过模拟来自用户空间或外设的恶意输入来测试驱动程序，而忽略了仅通过两个边界之间的交互而触发的错综复杂的内部状态，从而暴露出大量的漏洞。本文提出的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SATURN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">是一种主机与小工具协同的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">USB</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">驱动程序模糊方法，旨在覆盖</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">USB</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">通信的整个处理链。为此，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SATURN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">首先利用提取的驱动程序信息系统地附加小工具并触发更多驱动程序类型，从而促进向交互逻辑的过渡。然后，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SATURN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">通过对双方的规范操作注入执行持续的协同模糊处理，使其发挥各自的重要作用，从而大大扩展了所探索的状态，并暴露了此类逻辑中的错误。与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">USBFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">FUZZUSB</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">等最先进的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">USB</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模糊器相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SATURN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在相应堆栈上的分支覆盖统计量分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">1.53</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">3.69</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">2.3</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SATURN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">还发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">26</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个以前未知的漏洞，其中包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，包括每侧的驱动程序。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">SyzGen++: Dependency Inference for Augmenting Kernel Driver Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Weiteng Chen, Yu Hao, Zheng Zhang, Xiaochen Zou, Dhilung Kirat, Shachee Mishra, Douglas Schales, Jiyong Jang, Zhiyun Qian</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Microsoft Research, Redmond; University of California, Riverside; IBM Research, Yorktown Heights</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">内核驱动模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">近年来，关于内核模糊测试研究得到了显著增长。在各种内核模糊测试器中，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">作为最先进的工具，已在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">内核中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">5000</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">多个漏洞。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的成功归功于它利用了内核专家提供的人工编辑的系统调用规范。然而，由于复杂的输入结构和系统调用之间未知的依赖关系，这一过程既耗时又无法扩展。因此，内核代码库（尤其是内核驱动程序）的很大一部分都缺乏规范，从而带来了巨大的安全风险。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">本文介绍了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SyzGen++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这是一种无需依赖现有测试套件即可自动推断系统调用之间的依赖关系并生成规范的新方法。具体来说，该方法定义了插入和查找操作这两个基本构件，并将它们配对使用，以准确识别依赖关系。本文在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">macOS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">驱动程序上对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SyzGen++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">与现有最先进的技术进行了对比评估。结果显示，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SyzGen++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">245</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个额外的依赖关系。此外，在代码覆盖率方面，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SyzGen++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">优于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DIFUZE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">KSG</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SyzDescribe</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，平均分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">71%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">67%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">39%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">。本文的测试使用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">SyzGen++ </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">生成的规范，在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">内核</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">6.2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">10</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个以前未知的漏洞，并由此产生了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这证明了它在识别漏洞方面的有效性。</span></span></font></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><br/></span></font></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.012037" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5cd53845&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811HibLF4Yt9X65hZWBic1icralHmhkx1NxS1icfN1xxF8eFdwRjkuTZt63Rw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=8cc5e2d4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811svT44VAiaiat4wI7fa0F8BI6fLQ3Ynib71Tp2w7mgJOyiaWOeDXkYDqZQw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">ShapFuzz: Efficient Fuzzing via Shapley-Guided Byte Selection</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Kunpeng Zhang, Xiaogang Zhu, Xi Xiao, Minhui Xue, Chao Zhang, Sheng Wen</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Swinburne University of Technology, CSIRO</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">’</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">s Data61, Zhongguancun Laboratory</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">通过Shapley引导的字节选择优化模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">基于变异的模糊测试是一种常见且有效的用于漏洞挖掘和发现程序中未被探索到的代码的方法。然而，只有少数研究关注量化输入字节的重要性。每个输入字节的重要性取决于其对发现新代码的贡献程度。以往的工作通常侧重于获取输入字节与路径约束之间的关系，而忽略了并非所有与约束相关的字节都能发现新代码这一事实。本文使用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Shapley</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">分析来了解字节位置对模糊测试性能的影响，并发现某些字节位置比其他位置贡献更大，而且这一特性在不同的种子中通常都是成立的。基于这一观察结果，本文提出了一种名为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SHAPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的新型解决方案，用于指导模糊测试过程中的字节选择和变异。具体来说，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SHAPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在每次测试输入时以低开销更新字节的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Shapley</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">值（重要性），并使用上下文多臂老虎机算法，在高</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Shapley</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">值字节和低频选择字节之间进行权衡。我们基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFL++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">实现了这一方案的原型，即</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SHAPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，并将其与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种最先进的模糊测试器进行了对比，包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种字节调度模糊测试器和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">种常用模糊测试器。与字节调度模糊测试器相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SHAPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现了更多的边缘分支。在三组不同的初始种子上，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SHAPFUZZ </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现的漏洞也比最佳基线多。与最好的常用模糊器相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SHAPFUZZ </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">多发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">20</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞，在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">MAGMA</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">上比基线多发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SHAPFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个广泛使用的程序的最新版本上发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已得到厂商确认。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><br/></span></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">DeepGo: Predictive Directed Greybox Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Peihong Lin, Pengfei Wang , Xu Zhou, Wei Xie, Gen Zhang, Kai Lu</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">National University of Defense Technology</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">定向模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">定向灰盒模糊测试（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）是一种有效的方法，旨在通过预定义的目标位置加强对脆弱代码区域的测试。最先进的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">技术通过重新定义并优化适应度指标的方式，使其能够更精确、快速地到达目标位置。然而，当前适应性指标的优化主要基于启发式算法，这种算法通常依赖于历史执行信息，对尚未执行的路径缺乏前瞻性。因此，那些具有复杂约束条件的难以执行路径会阻碍</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">到达目标，从而降低</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">的效率。本文提出了一种预测式定向灰盒模糊测试器——</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DeepGo</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，它能够结合历史和预测信息，引导</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">通过最优路径到达目标位置。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">首先，本文提出了路径转换模型，将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DGF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">视为通过特定路径转换序列到达目标位置的过程。变异生成的新种子会引发路径转换，高奖励路径转换序列对应的路径表明通过它到达目标站点的可能性高。接着，为了预测路径转换及其相应的奖励，使用深度神经网络搭建了一个虚拟集成环境（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">VEE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">），该环境会逐步模拟路径转换模型，并预测尚未执行的路径转换的奖励。为了确定最佳路径，本文开发了一个模糊测试的强化学习（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">RLF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）模型，以生成具有最高奖励的路径转移序列。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">RLF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模型可将历史路径转换和预测路径转换结合起来，生成最优的路径转换序列以及指导模糊测试变异的策略。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">最后，为了执行高奖励的路径转换序列，本文提出了</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">“动作组”概念，它综合优化了模糊测试的关键步骤，以实现高效到达目标的最优路径。本文在两个基准测试集上评估了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DeepGo</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，这些测试集包含</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">25</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个程序，总计</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">100</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个目标位置。实验结果表明，与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">AFLGo</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BEACON</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">WindRanger</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">ParmeSan</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">DeepGo</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">在到达目标站点方面的速度分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">3.23</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">1.72</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">1.81</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">4.83</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍，在挖掘已知漏洞方面的速度分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">2.61</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">3.32</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">2.43</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">2.53</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">EnclaveFuzz: Finding Vulnerabilities in SGX Applications</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Liheng Chen, Zheming Li, Zheyu Ma, Yuan Li, Baojian Chen, Chao Zhang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace of Tsinghua University; Zhongguancun Laboratory</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">英特尔的软件保护扩展（SGX）模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">英特尔的软件保护扩展（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SGX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）提供了一个被称为“飞地”（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">enclave</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）的隔离执行环境，飞地之外的一切都被视为潜在威胁，包括非飞地内存区域、外设和操作系统。尽管</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SGX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的攻击模式很强大，但在飞地内运行的代码仍易受到常见的内存破坏漏洞的影响。此外，这种攻击模型可能引入新的威胁或加剧已有的威胁。例如，从 “飞地 ”中直接访问不受信任的内存可能会导致 “检查时间</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">-</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">使用时间”（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">TOCTOU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）漏洞，因为攻击者能够控制整个不受信任的内存。此外，由于操作系统控制的零页也被认为是恶意的，因此空指针取消引用可能会产生更严重的安全影响。目前的模糊测试解决方案（如</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SGXFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzSGX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）在检测此类</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SGX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">特定漏洞方面存在局限性。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文提出的</span></span></font><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></span><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">EnclaveFuzz </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是一种多维结构感知模糊框架，该框架能分析飞地源代码以提取输入结构和关联信息，然后生成</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">harness</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，以产生能通过合理性检查的有效输入。为了进行多维模糊测试，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">EnclaveFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为飞地的三种输入维度创建数据，包括进入飞地的参数和返回值，以及从飞地内部直接访问不受信任的内存。为检测更多类型的漏洞，本文设计了一种新的检测器，用于识别</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SGX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">特有漏洞和典型的内存破坏漏洞。最后，提供了一个自定义的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">SDK</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，加速模糊测试过程，并在不需要特殊硬件的情况下运行飞地。为了验证本方案的有效性，将其应用于测试</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">20</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个真实的开源飞地，并在其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">14</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个飞地中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">162</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个错误。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><br/></span></font></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Large Language Model guided Protocol Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Ruijie Meng, Martin Mirchev, Marcel B</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">ohme, Abhik Roychoudhury</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">National University of Singapore, MPI-SP and Monash University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">协议模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在没有机器可读的协议规范的情况下，如何发现协议实现中的安全漏洞？对于互联网而言，协议实现是非常关键的安全软件系统，其输入必须遵循特定的结构和顺序，而这些结构和顺序往往是以自然语言（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">RFC</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）的形式非正式地规定的，多达数百页。在没有机器可读协议的情况下，很难自动生成符合所需结构和顺序的有效测试输入。尽管可以将一组记录的信息序列作为种子输入，利用突变模糊法来部分缓解这一难题，但可用的种子集通常非常有限，难以覆盖协议状态和输入结构的多样性。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文探索了模糊测试与预训练的大型语言模型（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）系统交互的可能性。这些大语言模型已经读取了数百万页人类可读的协议规范，从而得出了机器可读的协议信息，用于协议模糊测试。本文利用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">对已知协议消息类型的理解，通过生成消息序列并预测相应的响应代码，检验了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在状态检测方面的能力。基于这些观察，本文开发了一个由</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引导的协议实现模糊测试引擎。本文的协议模糊测试器</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CHATAFL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为协议中的每种消息类型构建语法，通过与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的交互来变异消息或预测消息序列中的下一条消息。在 </span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PROFUZZBENCH </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的各种真实协议上进行的实验表明，状态和代码覆盖率都有显著提高。本文的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLM</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引导有状态模糊测试器与最先进的模糊测试器</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFLNET</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">NSFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CHATAFL </span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的状态转换覆盖率分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">47.60%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">42.69%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，状态覆盖率分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">29.55%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">25.75%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，代码覆盖率分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5.81%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6.74%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。除了覆盖率的提升，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CHATAFL</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在广泛使用且经过大量测试的协议实现中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">9</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新漏洞，而</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFLNET</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">NSFUZZ</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">分别只发现了其中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;">Predictive Context-sensitive Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="">Pietro Borrello, Andrea Fioraldi, Daniele Cono D</span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="">’</span></font><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Elia, Davide Balzarotti, Leonardo Querzoni, Cristiano Giuffrida</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Sapienza University of Rome, EURECOM, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">模糊测试覆盖率创新</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">覆盖率引导的模糊测试器通过不断变异测试用例，将执行引导到新的程序位置来发掘漏洞。目前，代码覆盖率是最有效和最流行的探索反馈方式。然而，对于某些漏洞而言，如何执行才能到达有漏洞的程序位置也很重要：仅跟踪测试用例执行的代码可能导致模糊测试器忽略有趣的程序状态。但是，对上下文敏感的覆盖率跟踪会引发固有的状态爆炸问题。现有的尝试实现上下文敏感覆盖引导的模糊测试器往往在精度（由于覆盖碰撞）和性能（由于上下文跟踪和队列</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">映射爆炸）上面临非平凡的问题。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文展示了一种更有效的上下文敏感模糊测试方法。首先，提出了将函数克隆作为一种向后兼容的插装机制，以实现精确（即无碰撞）的上下文敏感覆盖跟踪。然后，为了解决状态爆炸问题，本文认为只有当模糊测试器探索被选为有前景的上下文时才考虑上下文信息，进而提出一种预测方案来识别这些上下文池：分析调用点处传入参数值的数据流多样性，如果被调用者看到的传入抽象对象是其在其他位置不使用的，则向模糊测试器暴露该函数经过上下文细化的克隆版本。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">研究表明，通过将函数克隆应用于预期从上下文敏感性中受益的程序区域，可以克服上述问题，同时保持甚至提高模糊测试的效果。在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzBench</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">测试套件上，本文的方法显著优于最先进的覆盖率引导模糊测试算法，发现了更多不同的漏洞，同时没有产生状态爆炸或其他明显的低效问题。在这些经过大量测试的对象中，还发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个程序中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个持久安全问题，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已获得</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编号。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">ReqsMiner: Automated Discovery of CDN Forwarding Request Inconsistencies and DoS Attacks with Grammar-based Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="">Linkai Zheng , Xiang Li, Chuhan Wang, Run Guo, Haixin Duan, Jianjun Chen , Chao Zhang, Kaiwen Shen</span></font></span></b><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Tsinghua University, Zhongguancun Laboratory, Quan Cheng Laboratory</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">CDN转发请求不一致性检测</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内容分发网络（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）是一种常见的中间设备，旨在提高托管网站的性能并使其免受各种攻击。大量研究表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在将客户端请求转发到原始服务器时会对请求进行修改。多种转发操作的不一致性可能导致安全漏洞，例如</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DoS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">攻击。然而，现有工作缺乏研究</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">转发请求不一致性的系统化方法。本文提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">REQSMINER</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，这是一个创新的模糊测试框架，用于发现之前未曾探究的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">转发请求不一致性。该框架利用强化学习技术，即使在反馈有限的情况下也能生成有效的测试用例，并将实际的字段值引入基于语法的模糊测试器中。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">REQSMINER</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的帮助下，本文对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">22</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">家主要的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">提供商进行了全面测试，发现了大量此前未研究过的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">转发请求不一致性问题。此外，通过使用专门的分析工具，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">REQSMINER</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">具备了检测特定类型攻击的能力，从而成为一个更加全面的检测框架。在扩展研究中，我们进一步发现了三种新型</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">HTTP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">放大</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DoS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">攻击，并发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">74</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新的潜在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DoS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">漏洞，这些漏洞的放大因子通常可达到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2000</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，在特殊条件下甚至可达</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">192</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">万。检测到的漏洞已向受影响的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">厂商披露，并提出了缓解建议。本文的工作有助于加强</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CDN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的安全性，从而增强其抵御恶意攻击和防止滥用的能力。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.012037" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5cd53845&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811HibLF4Yt9X65hZWBic1icralHmhkx1NxS1icfN1xxF8eFdwRjkuTZt63Rw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=2dd0bb3e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811lXr5jkS9biaftibpRPYdMmGzpvJDEpolPULKpQ5guU3OvO85PzTxxxzQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">FuzzCache: Optimizing Web Application Fuzzing Through Software-Based Data Cache</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="">Penghui Li, Mingxue Zhang</span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Zhongguancun Laboratory; The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">Web应用的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊测试在检测服务器端</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应用的漏洞方面展现出了巨大的潜力。在这项工作中，我们引入了一种创新的基于软件的数据缓存机制，它补充并改进了所有现有的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应用模糊测试工具。我们的关键观察是，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应用的执行时间中有很大一部分（例如</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">50%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）用于从两个主要来源获取数据：数据库和网络；我们深入调查发现，在模糊测试试验中，相同的数据经常被重复获取。因此，我们设计了一个新的解决方案</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzCache</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，它将数据存储到基于软件的缓存中，减少了重复和昂贵的数据获取需求。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzCache</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">通过进程间共享内存段在模糊测试试验中公开缓存的数据。它还首次集成了即时编译，以避免实时解释</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">PHP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">代码时的性能开销，从而提高了执行效率。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">我们展示了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzCache</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">显著增强了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应用模糊测试的性能。在我们的实验中，我们将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzCache</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">与一个黑盒模糊测试工具（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Black-Widow</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）和一个灰盒模糊测试工具（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">WebFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）进行了集成。结果表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzCache</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">加速了黑盒和灰盒模糊测试，实现了吞吐量增加</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzCache</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">平均提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">25%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的代码覆盖率。因此，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzCache</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">能够更快地检测漏洞，导致发现更多的漏洞。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">DarthShader: Fuzzing WebGPU Shader Translators &amp; Compilers</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Lukas Bernhard, Nico Schiller, Moritz Schloegel, Nils Bars, Thorsten Holz</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">WebGPU的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">近期趋势表明，越来越多的要求较高的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应用程序，如视频游戏或客户端</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LLMs</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，开始在浏览器中运行，这导致了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">WebGPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">标准的采用。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">WebGPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">提供了一个跨平台的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">API</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">暴露给网站。这开辟了一个新的攻击面：不受信任的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内容被传递到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">堆栈，而</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">堆栈传统上是针对性能而非安全性进行优化的。更糟糕的是，大多数</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">WebGPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">不能在严格沙盒处理其他</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Web</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内容的进程中运行，这简化了攻击者危害客户端计算机的路径。与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">WebGPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的重要性形成鲜明对比的是，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">WebGPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">着色器处理却很少受到自动化测试社区的关注。部分原因是着色器翻译器期望高度结构化和静态类型的输入，这使得典型的模糊测试变异无效。着色器翻译由复杂的多步骤编译管道组成，每个阶段都提出了独特的要求和挑战，这进一步增加了测试的复杂性。在本文中，我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DarthShader</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，这是第一个将基于中间表示的变异器与使用更传统抽象语法树的变异器相结合的语言模糊器。关键思想是着色器编译管道的各个阶段容易受到不同类别的故障的影响，需要完全不同的变异策略来进行彻底的测试。通过模糊整个管道，我们确保维护一个现实的攻击者模型。在实证评估中，我们表明我们的方法在代码覆盖率方面优于最先进的模糊器。此外，广泛的消融研究验证了我们的关键设计。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">DarthShader</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在所有现代浏览器（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Chrome</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Firefox</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Safari</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）中总共发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">39</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个软件缺陷，而之前的工作没有发现这些缺陷。对于其中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">15</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Chrome</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">团队分配了一个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，承认了我们结果的影响。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">OSmart: Whitebox Program Option Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Kelin Wang, Mengda Chen, Liang He, Purui Su, Yan Cai, Jiongyi Chen, Bin Zhang, Chao Feng, Chaojing Tang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">TCA, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of System Software (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and State Key Laboratory of Computer Science, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences; College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">白盒模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">程序选项无处不在，是配置和定制软件行为的基本机制。鉴于它们的广泛使用，测试程序选项变得至关重要，以确保软件在各种配置下按预期行为。现有的选项感知模糊测试器要么将选项当作标准程序输入进行变异，要么使用自然语言处理（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">NLP</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）技术从文档中推断选项之间的关系。然而，还没有一种白盒方法通过捕获程序的固有执行逻辑来生成选项组合。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文介绍了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OSmart</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，这是一种白盒方法，旨在系统地提取程序选项和有效的选项组合，精确封装程序的内在执行逻辑，包括数据依赖和控制依赖。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OSmart</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">成功地从</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">56</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个程序中推断出</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12560</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个选项组合。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OSmart</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现超过</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">67%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的评估程序有未记录的选项。通过与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFL++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">集成，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OSmart</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">40.3%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的更多路径，这导致了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">51</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新漏洞的检测，并分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">18</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE ID</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。最后，我们还在公共基准上将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OSmart</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">与四个最先进的选项感知模糊测试器进行了比较，我们的工具在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">66.7%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">20/30</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）的评估程序中实现了更高的行覆盖率。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Program Environment Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Ruijie Meng, Gregory J. Duck, Abhik Roychoudhury</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">National University of Singapore</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">程序环境模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">计算机程序并非在孤立环境中执行，而是与执行环境交互，这种交互驱动了程序的行为。因此，软件验证方法需要捕获可能复杂的环境交互对程序的影响。程序的执行环境可能来源于文件、数据库、配置项、网络套接字、用户交互等。传统的符号执行和模型检查中的环境捕获方法通常依赖于环境建模，这需要人工努力。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本文中，我们采用了一种基于灰盒模糊测试扩展的不同方法。针对一个程序，我们首先在内核</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">/</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">用户模式边界处记录所有观察到的环境交互（系统调用的形式）。随后，我们在原始记录的交互基础上重放程序，但这一次我们选择性地应用变异，以模拟不同的程序环境——这一过程完全不需要环境建模。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">通过在模糊测试过程中反复（基于反馈的）变异，我们能够搜索会导致程序崩溃的程序环境。我们的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Efuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">工具在多个知名的真实协议实现和图形界面应用中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">33</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个此前未知的漏洞，其中许多是安全漏洞，已分配</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">16</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编号。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">ProphetFuzz: Fully Automated Prediction and Fuzzing of High-Risk Option Combinations with Only Documentation via Large Language Model</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Dawei Wang, Geng Zhou, Li Chen</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Zhongguancun Laboratory</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">对程序运行所需选项的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">与选项组合相关的漏洞在软件安全测试中是一个显著的挑战，因为其搜索空间非常庞大。以往的研究主要通过变异或过滤技术来应对这一挑战，但这些方法低效地将所有选项组合视为具有相同的漏洞潜力，从而浪费了大量时间在非漏洞目标上，导致测试效率较低。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本文中，我们通过精心设计的提示词构建（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">prompt engineering</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），驱动大型语言模型预测高风险的选项组合（即更可能包含漏洞的组合），并在无需人工干预的情况下自动执行模糊测试。我们开发了一个名为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ProphetFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的工具，并在一个由三项相关研究中收集的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">52</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个程序组成的数据集上进行了评估。整个实验耗费了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">10.44 CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ProphetFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">成功预测了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1748</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个高风险选项组合，平均每个程序的预测成本仅为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8.69</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">美元。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">结果显示，在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">72</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">小时的模糊测试后，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ProphetFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">364</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个独特漏洞，这些漏洞与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">12.30%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的高风险选项组合相关，在同一时间段内比当前最新技术发现的漏洞数高出</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">32.85%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。此外，通过</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ProphetFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，我们对这些程序的最新版本进行了持续模糊测试，发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">140</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">93</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已由开发者确认，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">21</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个获得了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编号。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">No Peer, no Cry: Network Application Fuzzing via Fault Injection</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Nils Bars, Moritz Schloegel, Nico Schiller, Lukas Bernhard, Thorsten Holz</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">网络应用程序的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">面向网络的应用程序通常会暴露在各种攻击之下，尤其是在连接到互联网时。因此，像</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Nginx</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">这样的网络服务器或</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">curl</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">这样的客户端应用程序会尽一切努力确保代码的安全性并加强防护，以避免内存安全漏洞。理论上，这些措施应该包括定期的模糊测试，因为模糊测试已被证明是发现软件漏洞最有效的方法之一。然而，令人惊讶的是，很少有研究专注于针对网络应用程序的模糊测试。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">通过研究背后的原因，我们发现网络通信的交互特性、状态性以及消息交换的保护（例如，通过加密或加密签名）使得传统的模糊测试工具失效。尝试重放记录的消息或实时修改消息仅适用于特定目标，并且通常会导致通信提前终止。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本文中，我们详细讨论了这些挑战，并指出当前工作对协议状态空间的关注难以提供有效解决方案。我们提出了一种从基本上与传统不同的方法，即依赖于故障注入而不是直接修改消息。这种方法通过强制其中一个通信端进入</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">“异常状态”（即其输出不再符合目标端的预期）来发现潜在的漏洞。值得注意的是，这种异常端仍然能够正确加密或签署协议消息，从而克服了当前模糊测试工具的一个基本挑战。本质上，我们保留了通信系统的完整性，但引入了小范围的破坏。由于服务器端或客户端都可以被转换为“异常端”，这是首个能够有效测试客户端网络应用程序的方法。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">通过对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">16</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个目标的广泛评估，我们的原型工具</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Fuzztruction-Net</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在覆盖率和发现漏洞数量方面显著优于其他模糊测试工具。总体而言，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Fuzztruction-Net</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在经过充分测试的软件（如</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Nginx</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Apache HTTPd</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">网络服务器以及</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OpenSSH</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">客户端）中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">23</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">FOX: Coverage-guided Fuzzing as Online Stochastic Control</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Dongdong She, Adam Storek, Yuchong Xie, Seoyoung Kweon, Prashast Srivastava, Suman Jana</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Hong Kong University, Columbia University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">模糊测试覆盖率创新</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">模糊测试是一种通过生成随机测试输入并在目标程序上执行来发现软件漏洞的有效技术。然而，对大型复杂程序进行模糊测试仍然具有挑战性，因为深度隐藏的漏洞难以被发现。本文针对现有的覆盖引导模糊测试工具的局限性，重点研究了调度器和变异器组件的问题。现有的调度器存在信息稀疏和无法处理细粒度反馈指标的缺陷；而变异器对目标程序的分支逻辑一无所知，导致计算资源的浪费和覆盖探索的速度较慢。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种端到端在线随机控制框架，用于覆盖引导的模糊测试。我们的方法引入了一个新型的调度器和定制变异器，它们能够适应分支逻辑，最大化多个阶段中累计的边覆盖率。调度器利用细粒度的分支距离测量方法来识别前沿分支，即可能实现新覆盖的位置。变异器通过分支距离信息进行高效且有针对性的种子变异，从而以最小的开销实现稳健的进展。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FOX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，一个采用控制理论方法的概念验证实现，并将其与业界标准的覆盖引导模糊测试工具进行了对比。基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzBench</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">数据集和复杂的实际程序（共</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">38</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个测试程序）进行的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">年的广泛评估表明，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FOX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在真实独立程序中平均覆盖率提升高达</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">26.45%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzBench</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">程序中提升</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">6.59%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，超越了当前最先进的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AFL++</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FOX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">还发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">20</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个真实应用中的独特漏洞，其中包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个此前未知的漏洞，展示了其在实际安全性上的显著作用。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">CountDown: Refcount-guided Fuzzing for Exposing Temporal Memory Errors in Linux Kernel</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Shuangpeng Bai, Zhechang Zhang, Hong Hu</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">The Pennsylvania State University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">针对引用计数相关的内核UAF漏洞的模糊测试技术</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内核的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">use-after-free(UAF)</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">漏洞因其复杂的根本原因和高度可利用性，对系统安全构成严重威胁。我们发现，最近发现的内核</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">UAF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">漏洞中有</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">36.1%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是由于引用计数器的不当使用导致的，我们称之为与引用计数相关的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">UAF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">漏洞。现有基于代码覆盖的内核模糊测试工具可以检测常见的内存错误，但它们并不能发现漏洞的根本原因。因此，这些工具仅能被动且偶然地触发与引用计数相关的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">UAF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">漏洞，可能错过许多深层次隐藏的漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为主动触发与引用计数相关的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">UAF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">漏洞，本文提出了一种新型的引用计数引导内核模糊测试工具——</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CountDown</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CountDown</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">从内核执行中收集多样化的引用计数操作，并基于常用的引用计数访问关系重新塑造系统调用之间的关系。在生成用户空间程序时，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CountDown</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">优先组合那些访问过相同引用计数的系统调用，以触发复杂的引用计数行为。同时，它注入减少引用计数和访问引用计数的系统调用，以故意释放被引用计数管理的对象，并通过悬空指针触发非法访问。我们在主流</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内核上测试了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CountDown</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，并将其与流行的模糊测试工具进行对比。平均来看，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CountDown</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">检测到的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">UAF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">漏洞多出</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">66.1%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">KASAN</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">KernelAddressSanitizer</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）报告多出</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">32.9%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CountDown</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">9</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新的内核内存漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已修复，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已被确认。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">RANsacked: A Domain-Informed Approach for Fuzzing LTE and 5G RAN-Core Interfaces</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Nathaniel Bennett, Weidong Zhu, Benjamin Simon, Ryon Kennedy, William Enck, Patrick Traynor, Kevin R. B. Butler</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">University of Florida, North Carolina State University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">针对LTE/5G网络组件的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">蜂窝网络基础设施是现代移动无线通信的支柱。因此，为了确保服务的可靠性，蜂窝核心网络必须主动防范外部威胁。针对核心网络的被攻陷基站攻击正日益成为蜂窝网络的威胁，而在长期以来，来自用户设备的输入被视为一种攻击途径；尽管如此，目前却鲜有技术能全面测试</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">RAN-Core</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">接口以抵御恶意输入。在本研究中，我们设计了一个模糊测试框架，可以高效地测试从基站或用户设备可访问的蜂窝网络接口，克服了针对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LTE/5G</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">网络组件模糊测试的一些特定挑战。同时，我们还开发了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ASNFuzzGen</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">工具，它能够将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ASN.1</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">规范编译为结构感知的模糊测试模块，从而支持对复杂的蜂窝协议的有效模糊测试。我们对七个开源和商用核心网络进行了模糊测试，共发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">119</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">93</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已分配</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编号。我们的结果揭示了多个核心网络中存在的常见实现错误，这些错误会导致漏洞；而针对这些漏洞成功协调多家厂商发布补丁，也展示了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ASNFuzzGen</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在加强面向用户的蜂窝系统安全性方面的实际作用。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">RIoTFuzzer: Companion App Assisted Remote Fuzzing for Detecting Vulnerabilities in IoT Devices</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Kaizheng Liu, Ming Yang, Zhen Ling, Yue Zhang, Chongqing Lei, Junzhou Luo, Xinwen Fu</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Southeast University, Drexel University, UMass Lowell</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">黑盒IOT模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">由于物联网（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IoT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）系统的架构和外设多样性，黑盒模糊测试（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">blackbox fuzzing</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）成为发现</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IoT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">设备漏洞的首选方法。现有的黑盒模糊测试工具通常依赖于配套应用程序来生成有效的模糊测试数据包。然而，现有方法在绕过依赖基于云通信的设备的云服务器端验证时遇到了挑战。此外，它们往往集中精力在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Android</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">配套应用程序中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Java</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">组件上，限制了它们评估非</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Java</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">组件（如基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的小程序）的有效性。在本文中，我们介绍了一种新颖的黑盒模糊测试方法，名为</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">RIoT Fuzzer</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，旨在远程发现依赖配套应用程序的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IoT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">设备的漏洞，特别是那些启用了基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的小程序功能的一体化应用程序。我们的方法利用基于文档的控制命令提取、混合分析用于变异点识别和侧信道引导的模糊测试，有效地解决了远程模糊测试</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IoT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">设备的挑战。我们将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">RIoT Fuzzer</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应用于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">27</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个在知名平台上的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IoT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">设备，并发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">11</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个漏洞。所有这些漏洞都已得到相应供应商的认可。其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已被供应商确认，并分配了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编号。我们的实验结果还表明，侧信道引导的模糊测试可以显著提高发送到</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IoT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">设备的模糊测试数据包的效率，平均提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">76.62%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，最高提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">362.62%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Fuzz to the Future: Uncovering Occluded Future Vulnerabilities via Robust Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Arvind S Raj, Wil Gibbs, Fangzhou Dong, Jayakrishna Menon Vadayath, Michael Tompkins, Steven Wirsz, Yibo Liu, Zhenghao Hu, Chang Zhu, Gokulkrishna Praveen Menon, Brendan Dolan-Gavitt, Adam Doupé, Ruoyu Wang, Yan Shoshitaishvili, Tiffany Bao</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Arizona State University Tempe, New York University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">针对被当前漏洞遮挡的未来漏洞的模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">软件系统的安全格局通过动态测试方法，特别是模糊测试，取得了显著的进步。传统上，模糊测试涉及一个顺序的循环过程，其中软件被测试来识别崩溃。然后对这些崩溃进行分类并修补，导致后续周期揭露更多的漏洞。虽然这种方法是有效的，但它并不高效，因为每个周期可能会揭示以前被早期崩溃掩盖的新问题，从而导致漏洞被顺序发现。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本文中，我们提出了一个解决方案，用以识别被遮挡的未来漏洞</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">——由于当前漏洞遮挡了触发路径，这些漏洞很难或不可能被触发。我们引入了一种名为“鲁棒模糊测试”的新技术，它使模糊测试工具能够超越即时崩溃点，发现新的漏洞或已知漏洞的变体。我们在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FlakJack</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">中实现了鲁棒模糊测试，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FlakJack</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是一个开创性的模糊测试插件，它利用二进制补丁主动识别隐藏在当前崩溃背后的被遮挡的未来漏洞。通过使模糊测试工具能够绕过即时崩溃点并深入软件，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FlakJack</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">不仅加速了漏洞发现过程，还显著提高了软件测试的有效性。在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FlakJack</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的帮助下，我们在已经通过</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">OSS-Fuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">项目进行了广泛测试的项目中发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">28</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新漏洞。这种方法承诺将在识别和管理漏洞的方式上带来变革性的转变，旨在长期缩短漏洞发现的时间跨度。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Fuzzing JavaScript Engines with a Graph-based IR</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Haoran Xu, Zhiyuan Jiang, Yongjun Wang, Shuhui Fan, Shenglin Xu, Peidai Xie, Shaojing Fu, Mathias Payer</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">NUDT Changsha, China; EPFL Lausanne, Switzerland</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">JavaScript引擎模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">基于变异的模糊测试有效地发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎中的缺陷。高质量的变异对于基于变异的模糊测试器的性能至关重要。底层表示的选择（例如，一系列标记、抽象语法树或中间表示）定义了可能的变异空间，并随后影响变异操作符的设计。当前</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎模糊测试器中的程序表示集中在抽象语法树和定制的字节码级中间语言上。然而，现有的努力在生成语义有效和有意义的变异方面存在困难，限制了在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎中发现缺陷的能力。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">我们提出的基于图的中间表示，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FlowIR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，直接将</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的控制流和数据流表示为变异目标。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FlowIR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">对于实现强大的语义变异至关重要。它支持在数据流和控制流层面的变异操作符，从而扩大了变异操作符的粒度。实验结果表明，我们的方法在发现新漏洞方面更加有效。我们的原型</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FuzzFlow</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，在生成有效测试用例和探索代码覆盖方面，超越了最先进的模糊测试器。在我们的评估中，我们在经过充分测试的主流</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JavaScript</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引擎中检测到了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">37</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新缺陷。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">CrossFire: Fuzzing macOS Cross-XPU Memory on Apple Silicon</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Jiaxun Zhu, Minghao Lin, Tingting YinZ, echao Cai, Yu Wang, Rui Chang, Wenbo Shen</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Zhejiang University, Zhongguancun Laboratory, Columbia University, Cyberserval Co., Ltd</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">macOS、XPU模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">现代计算系统越来越多地利用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">GPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">NPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">等</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">来完成专门的计算任务。特别是，苹果芯片通过采用统一内存架构（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">UMA</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）来优化内存使用，该架构采用共享内存区域（称为跨</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存）来促进</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">之间的通信。虽然跨</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存提高了性能，但也带来了新的攻击面。遗憾的是，由于难以识别有效的共享内存区域和生成有效的载荷，使得对跨</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存的模糊测试成为一个具有挑战性的问题，现有的模糊测试技术无法有效解决这个问题。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">因此，我们提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CrossFire</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，这是第一个通过模糊跨</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存来针对苹果硅</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的模糊器，以评估这一新的攻击面。首先，我们进行了深入的跨</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存分析，以研究模糊</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">所面临的挑战。为了应对这些挑战，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CrossFire</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">引入了两种新技术，以精确定位跨</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存中的有效模糊区域，并跟踪内核执行信息以提取数据限制。利用这些技术，我们开发了基于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">m1n1</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">管理程序的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CrossFire</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，以监控跨</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">XPU</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内存访问并执行基于灰盒挂钩的模糊测试。我们在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">macOS Ventura</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">上对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CrossFire</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">进行了进一步评估，发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">15</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新的零日漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">8</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已被苹果公司确认。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Leveraging Binary Coverage for Effective Generation Guidance in Kernel Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Jianzhong Li, Yuheng Shen, Yiru Xu, Yu Jiang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Tsinghua University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">内核模糊测试，模糊测试覆盖率创新</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">最先进的内核模糊器使用基于边缘的代码覆盖率指标来检测新行为。然而，代码覆盖率对于操作系统内核来说是不够的，因为内核数据段中包含许多未跟踪但有趣的特征，如比较操作数、内核状态标识符、标志和可执行代码等，这些特征反映了不同的执行模式，可以大大增加覆盖率指标的粒度和范围。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">本文提出使用内核二进制覆盖反馈，这是一种全面而有效的执行反馈方法，可为内核模糊器提供反映整个二进制覆盖的执行覆盖状态的指标。我们的方法将程序行为抽象为执行过程中的内存访问模式，并考虑所有相关行为，包括标准内存读写、谓词比较等，从而获得整个内核二进制文件的覆盖率指标。以获得整个内核二进制文件的覆盖率指标，为生成输入提供指导。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">我们实现了一个原型工具</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">KBinCov</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，并将其集成到流行的内核模糊器</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">中。我们评估了它在与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">vanilla Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">以及其他一些方法（包括</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">StateFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IJON</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）的对比中的有效性。结果表明，与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（使用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kcov</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">StateFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IJON</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">KBinCov</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在最新版本的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内核上实现的代码和二进制覆盖率分别提高了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">7%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">9%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">87%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">34%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">61%</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，而开销仅增加了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1.74</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍，低于</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">StateFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IJON</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.5</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2.2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">倍。此外，我们使用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">KBinCov</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">21</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个以前未知的错误，比</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Syzkaller</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">（使用</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">kcov</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">StateFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IJON</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发现的错误数多，后者分别发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个错误。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">LiftFuzz: Validating Binary Lifters through Context-aware Fuzzing with GPT</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yutong Zhou, Fan Yang, Zirui Song, Ke Zhang, Jiongyi Chen, Kehuan Zhang</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">The Chinese University of Hong Kong, National University of Defense Technology</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">二进制lifter模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">分析二进制代码对软件工程和安全研究至关重要，尤其是在无法获得源代码的情况下。然而，理解、修改和重定向二进制代码是一项复杂的任务。为了应对这些困难，二进制</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">lifter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">应运而生。这些工具能将二进制代码转换为中间表示（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">IR</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">），具有多种优势，例如可以在没有源代码的情况下修改可执行文件，促进代码的可重定向性。迄今为止，为现代</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ISA</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">准确开发二进制</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">lifter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">被公认为具有挑战性且容易出错。现有的验证方法主要集中在孤立的指令上，忽略了指令之间的相互作用。在本文中，我们介绍了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LiftFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，这是一种利用指令上下文感知模糊测试来验证二进制</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">lifter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的新型框架。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LiftFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">利用汇编语言模型学习指令间的交互，并根据所学知识生成测试用例。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LiftFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的性能大大优于基线，所需的测试用例只有基线的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1/1000</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">就能识别出</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">26</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个不一致之处，其中包括一个以前未发现的类别。</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">LiftFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">大大提高了在二进制安全应用中经常使用的二进制</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">lifter</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的性能。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Prompt Fuzzing for Fuzz Driver Generation</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yunlong Lyu, Yuxuan Xie, Peng Chen, Hao Chen</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Tencent Security Big Data Lab, University of California</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">模糊测试驱动生成</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">制作高质量的模糊测试驱动程序不仅耗时，而且需要对库有深入的了解。然而，现有的自动化模糊测试驱动生成技术未能达到预期效果。虽然从用户代码中派生的模糊测试驱动程序可以到达代码的深度状态，但它们能实现的覆盖率有限。与之相反的是，解释性模糊测试可以探索大多数</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">API</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">调用，但需要在庞大的搜索空间中进行大量尝试。本文提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PromptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，一种用于提示模糊测试的覆盖率引导测试器，能够迭代生成模糊测试驱动程序以探索未发现的库代码。为了在实时模糊测试中探索模糊测试驱动程序中的</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">API</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">使用情况，本文提出了几项关键技术：指导性程序生成、错误程序验证、覆盖引导提示变异和受限模糊器调度，实现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PromptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">，并在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">14</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个实际库上进行了评估。与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">OSS-Fuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Hopper</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">（当前最先进的模糊测试驱动生成工具）相比，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PromptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">生成的模糊测试驱动程序实现了比</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">OSS-Fuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Hopper</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">分别高</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">1.61</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">1.63</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">倍的分支覆盖率。此外，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">PromptFuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">生成的模糊测试驱动程序在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">49</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个崩溃错误中检测出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">33</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个真实的新漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">30</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个漏洞已被相应社区确认。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Toss a Fault to BpfChecker: Revealing Implementation Flaws for eBPF runtimes with Differential Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Chaoyuan Peng, Muhui Jiang, Lei Wu, Yajin Zhou</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Zhejiang University, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">对eBPF运行时中的实现错误进行模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是一项革命性技术，可以在特权环境下运行沙盒程序，具有广泛的应用场景，例如</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Linux</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内核上的网络监控、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Windows</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">上的拒绝服务保护，以及区块链上的智能合约执行机制。然而，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的实现缺陷可能带来广泛的影响和严重的后果。此前的研究主要关注</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">运行时的内存安全问题，但很少涉及实现错误（即实现是否正确）的检测。同时，现有的实现缺陷检测方法主要针对验证器中的漏洞，忽视了其他组件（如解释器和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">JIT</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编译器）中的漏洞。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在本文中，提出了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BpfChecker</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，一个差分模糊测试框架，用于检测</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">运行中的实现错误。它以</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">程序作为输入，通过对不同</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">运行时关键状态的差分测试，揭示实现中的缺陷。为提高生成程序的语义准确性，设计了一种轻量级中间表示，并在错误信息的引导下进行约束变异。本文实现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">BpfChecker</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的原型，并对三种</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">运行时（即</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Solana rBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">vanilla rBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Windows eBPF</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">）进行了广泛评估。最终，利用该工具发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">28</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个新的实现漏洞，其中</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">个已获得</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">CVE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">编号，并获得开发者的认可及</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">80</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">万美元的漏洞奖金。更重要的是，发现的两个新漏洞可以被利用，导致</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Solana</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">网络执行层的分歧。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">On Understanding and Forecasting Fuzzers Performance with Static Analysis</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Dongjia Zhang, Andrea Fioraldi, Davide Balzarotti</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">EURECOM</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="color:rgb(49, 119, 255);font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;">模糊测试器配置预测</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">模糊测试是一种用于检测关键软件漏洞的技术，它结合了以往研究中的各种方法，以提高其有效性。对模糊测试行业从业者来说，理解不同技术的效果并选择适合测试目标程序的最佳配置至关重要。然而，评估这些技术的各自的贡献往往非常困难。先前的研究比较了组合模糊测试工具并研究了它们与不同程序的适配性。但是，组合模糊测试工具难以被分解为独立组件，因此，这些评估无法明确说明具体是哪种技术决定了模糊测试工具的性能表现。在不了解不同模糊测试技术集成潜在影响的情况下，为不同测试程序调整模糊测试工具配置变得更加困难。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">本文的研究引入了一种新方法，将编译时提取的静态分析特征与各种模糊技术的性能结果相关联，从而应对了这一挑战。该方法使用多种度量标准，揭示程序的静态属性与模糊测试工具动态运行时性能之间的关系。在对</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">23</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个目标应用程序进行的相关性分析中，发现了一些有趣的关系，例如功率调度器在处理较大程序和上下文敏感反馈时表现更佳，但是在处理大量输入时表现不佳。</span></span></font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">这种方法不仅增强了对模糊测试技术的分析理解，还实现了预测能力。本文展示了如何借助简单的机器学习模型，利用静态分析收集的信息，为特定程序定制测试器配置。在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">11</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个基准程序中，使用建议配置的模糊测试工具与</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">AFLplusplus</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">LibFuzzer</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">和</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">Honggfuzz</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">相比，获得了相较于基线的最佳改进。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 18px;">Collapse Like A House of Cards: Hacking Building Automation System Through Fuzzing</span></span></font></span></b></h2><h2 style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;等线 Light&#39;;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 14px;">作者：</span></span></font></span></b></h2><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Yue Zhang, Zhen Ling, Michael Cash, Qiguang Zhang, Christopher Morales-Gonzalez, Qun Zhou Sun, Xinwen Fu</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>作者机构：</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="">Drexel University, Southeast University, University of Central Florida, UMass Lowell</span></font></span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align:middle;width:20px;box-sizing:border-box;height:20px;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="64" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=fd244f9e&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811jkmEPTzZbSeY4zKk0fyuFPkF6mK8j9cKQ6AJNguMXUoa89OiaMC2wkA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/>所属方向：</span></font></span></b></p><section style="text-align: left;"><span leaf="" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;font-weight:bold;color:rgb(49, 119, 255);">对楼宇自动化系统进行模糊测试</span></section><p style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="Calibri"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0851852" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=ff757d08&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN8110CvWfWvZeuLge8r6xj4mic5Bok9eWprKeZID3XoVFwmjVviaf0LJ6Bgw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></b><b><font face="Calibri"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">楼宇自动化系统（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）在现代智能建筑中发挥着关键作用，它集成了传感器、控制器和软件来管理暖通空调、照明等核心功能。随着全球智能建筑市场的快速增长，保障</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">网络的安全性变得尤为重要。本文提出了楼宇自动化系统评估器（</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BASE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">），一种专门用于评估</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">网络安全性的模糊测试工具。</span></span></font></b><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">网络通常涉及通过</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">协议（如</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BACnet</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">、</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">KNX</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">）实现</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">客户端与服务器的通信，这些协议在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">网络模糊测试中带来了独特挑战，包括协议的数据包结构复杂、通信序列繁琐，客户端为闭源且代码覆盖情况不可知，以及服务器状态不可观测且吞吐量有限等。</span></span></font><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;text-align: left;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BASE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">通过自动识别协议结构、动态检测客户端以进行代码覆盖率分析，并监控响应以发现新的覆盖区域。采集的时间戳用于估算服务器的输入扫描间隔，从而优化吞吐量。在对多个</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">服务器和客户端的评估中，</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BASE</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">发现了</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">13</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">个新漏洞。此外，本文提供了三个攻击案例研究，强调了这些漏洞在</span></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">BAS</span></span></font><font face="宋体"><span leaf="" style="mso-spacerun: &#39;yes&#39;;font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size: 10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning: 1.0000pt;"><span textstyle="" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: normal;">系统中的实际安全影响，例如火灾检测延迟、气候控制丧失和安全防护失效。本文作者已将研究结果报告给相关厂商，一些厂商根据报告修复了其系统漏洞。</span></span></font><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.012037" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5cd53845&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811HibLF4Yt9X65hZWBic1icralHmhkx1NxS1icfN1xxF8eFdwRjkuTZt63Rw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><span textstyle="" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">以上就是本次分享的全部内容，欢迎各位读者留言交流。</span></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.0703704" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=94eae88a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811dM8Oq8Jm2BnWuLPLmWyiaTJo8bQ02t5qQVH76NeqJPHHhkaOv6tfeUw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.1787037" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=93f1cbab&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrUZWms7eNLlib7QVhhIN811KEHia2kgwgro5zqK4pCAJGG7jic2y08QmE2vjbMqibT4q4CRNicTt6mXMQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002820" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="0.07037037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9601d466&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqicsiaxDHZjSsKx6Eoahhic8tm1AUvF5TI33T7kuQmpqnP5HoOUicFhuIhrcXcyaZJzHJrYaLibPCZSRQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break: break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New 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style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><br/></span></font></span></p><p style="word-break:break-all;"><span style="mso-spacerun:&#39;yes&#39;;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-hansi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;mso-bidi-font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;;font-size:10.5000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋体"><span leaf=""><img data-imgfileid="100002822" class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-ratio="1.3425925925925926" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;" 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      <pubDate>Thu, 02 Jan 2025 19:58:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>技术进展 | Prompt-Fuzz：基于LLM的库模糊测试驱动自动化生成</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247486695&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=f8e8bac04aa64db67bdbc2128a1dc9a7</link>
      <description>PromptFuzz通过提示模糊测试生成模糊测试驱动程序，这是一种基于大型语言模型（LLM）的新型模糊测试循环。</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2024-07-31 15:00</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p>PromptFuzz通过提示模糊测试生成模糊测试驱动程序，这是一种基于大型语言模型（LLM）的新型模糊测试循环。</p>
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<img src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=dea78c90&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRlre5EnbVnRWKDwibLsH3vmAYA0Dia8wyGLve5QIMc7G3roGboCRwGnmaSLpKaibJY6sPwEsxMbAUvy9A%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100002145" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">基本信息</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">原文名称：</strong></span>Prompt Fuzzing for Fuzz Driver </p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;">Generation<span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;">原文作者：</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span>Yunlong Lyu; Yuxuan Xie; Peng Chen; </p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;">Hao Chen<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">原文链接：</strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.17677" target="_blank">http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.17677</a></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">发表期刊：</strong></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span>ACM CCS 2024会议（接收但未发表）</p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">开源代码：</strong></span><a href="https://github.com/PromptFuzz/" target="_blank">https://github.com/PromptFuzz/</a></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;">PromptFuzz</p></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"> <svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;">一、引言</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">编写高质量的模糊测试驱动程序不仅耗时，而且需要对库有深刻的理解。目前最先进的自动化模糊驱动生成技术效果有限。例如，基于使用者代码派生的模糊驱动程序可以达到深度状态，但它们的覆盖范围有限。另一方面，以Hopper为代表的解释性模糊测试可以探索大多数API调用，但需要在大型搜索空间内进行多次尝试。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">为了突破上述局限，论文</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>结合LLM技术提出了PromptFuzz</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">，这是一个通过</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>变异LLM提示词</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">实现的覆盖率引导模糊测试器，它迭代地更新提示词以生成模糊驱动程序，以探索未发现的库代码。为了探索在prompt fuzzing过程中API在模糊驱动程序中的使用，论文提出了几个关键技术：</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>指导性程序生成、错误程序验证、覆盖引导的提示变异和约束模糊器调度</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。<br/></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">论文实现了PromptFuzz，并在14个真实世界的库上进行了评估。与OSS Fuzz和Hopper（最先进的模糊驱动生成工具）相比，PromptFuzz生成的模糊驱动程序的分支覆盖率分别是OSS Fuzz和Hopper的1.61，1.63倍。此外，PromptFuzz生成的模糊驱动程序在总共49次崩溃中检测到33个新漏洞，其中30个漏洞已由各自的社区确认。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;">二、研究动机</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">库模糊测试需要一个模糊测试驱动（Fuzz Driver）来将库提供的API转化成一个可执行程序，从而对库进行模糊测试（如图1）。为了节省编写驱动的人力成本，并提升库模糊测试的覆盖率，学术界进行了许多自动化生成fuzz driver的尝试。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">与手动编写的模糊测试驱动程序相比，自动化生成技术通过从源代码或运行时反馈中学习库API的使用来导出模糊测试驱动程序。FUDGE、FuzzGen和UTopia静态提取源代码中的API使用代码，而APICraft和WINNIE则从进程的执行轨迹中动态记录API调用序列。然而，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>由于轨迹仅包含消费者代码调用的API调用序列，这种方法无法学习消费者代码中不存在的有效API使用</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。最新的模糊测试驱动生成解决方案Hopper将库模糊测试问题转化为解释性模糊测试问题，从API调用的动态反馈中学习有效的API使用。尽管它可以覆盖大多数API函数，但在广阔的搜索空间中找到到达深层状态的有用API调用序列需要进行许多尝试。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">近年来兴起的大语言模型（LLM）技术在代码生成领域表现卓越。借助大语言模型，论文可以很轻易地生成对于特定库而言合法的API调用序列，而不需要进行长时间的探索。之前基于LLM的库模糊测</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">试工具，其提</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">示词所涵盖的内容和场景相对有限，于是本文希望</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>扩充提示词的空间，通过变异提示词的方式来实现对于库深层状态的探索</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="756" data-backw="496" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003034" data-ratio="1.5241935483870968" data-s="300,640" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-type="png" data-w="496" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f2551725&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPK8mI2UxpQqoWLIorRRck1aoWQEVvyRuibPZeiaqk1uUh8Y7UEzczFg5cw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 1  一个libvpx库的模糊测试驱动</span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;">三、概述</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="206" data-backw="578" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003033" data-ratio="0.35706806282722514" data-s="300,640" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-type="png" data-w="955" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7acccf9d&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKl0HCQ9WTibn1ByicSwx5LKlEWYaYdIZ95JvjBaPfrsNiaZzNK0iccCkCBw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 2  PromptFuzz 工作流概览</span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">PromptFuzz通过覆盖引导的大型语言模型（LLM）提示构建，生成高质量的模糊测试驱动程序，以有效检测库中的错误。与灰盒模糊测试器通过变异输入字节以到达更深层次的程序代码不同，PromptFuzz通过变异LLM提示生成覆盖范围更广的库API使用程序。最初，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>PromptFuzz使用随机选择的库API函数构建提示</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。然后，根据覆盖反馈对该提示进行变异，直到模糊测试在目标库上收敛。变异针对提示中的API函数，以生成多样化的程序。同时，生成的程序在运行时进行验证，以确保其正确性。PromptFuzz的工作流程如图2所示。</span></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1) PromptFuzz 从 C/C++ 库的头文件中提取函数签名和类型定义，并使用它们来构建提示，以指导大型语言模型（LLM）生成调用这些函数的程序。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(2) PromptFuzz 执行生成的程序，根据其运行时行为进行验证，并淘汰错误的程序。在执行过程中，PromptFuzz 还收集代码覆盖率。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(3) PromptFuzz 将通过验证的程序存储在种子库中，然后使用它们的代码覆盖率作为反馈，变异提示以向更有可能探索新代码路径的 API 函数推进。这个迭代过程会持续进行，直到 PromptFuzz 发现没有新路径或耗尽查询预算。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(4) 最后，PromptFuzz 推断种子程序中库 API 函数所施加的约束。它将 LLM 生成的库 API 调用参数从常量转换为变量，这些变量可以接受由模糊测试器提供的任意值，同时保留推断出的约束。为检测库中的错误，PromptFuzz 将所有转换后的种子程序整合到一个模糊测试驱动程序中，然后调度每个种子程序进行模糊测试，使用模糊测试器提供的随机字节进行测试。</span></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">1．指导性程序生成</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Instructive Program Generation）</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">PromptFuzz提示词分为三部分：</span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="list-style-type: disc;"><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>任务（task）</strong></span></span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>上下</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>文</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>（library context）</strong></span></span></section></li><li><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>规范（library specification）</strong></span></span></section></li></ul><p style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">其中规范是可选项，仅在某些库需要额外说明的时候添加。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">任务部分要求LLM为指定的库生成包含特定API集合的模糊测试驱动。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">上下文部分包括了包含上述API的头文件、API的签名、API所使用的类型定义。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">上下文部分是对于所选API集合的补充说明。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">可以说，PromptFuzz的提示词由所选的API集合唯一确定。这样一来，本文所设定的变异提示词的目标就转化为了API集合的变异问题。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003032" data-ratio="1.1666666666666667" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="240" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=73d35a99&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKPr0hvkFLolIdcGbGcLGia77icDyj0kVWJ52KqRppRn6fXttNDK0s1Sjw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 3 PromptFuzz提示词模板</span></strong></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">2．错误程序删除</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Erroneous Program Elimination）</span></strong></span></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">受训练数据偏差和LLM代码生成能力不完善的限制，LLMs生成的代码可能会有错误。一个好的模糊测试目标至少应该是代码本身没有任何错误，以便所有运行时错误都归因于目标调用的库代码。论文使用如下技术来识别由LLMs生成的错误程序，如图4所示。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003037" data-ratio="0.32217573221757323" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="478" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=a3ca6dbe&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKVfXctrkFnQ9IcoPLvuljf2X9IlM9Q2AicibJyFSlqPicdEmBD1dgfwh5Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 4 错误程序识别方法</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">错误程序识别包括如下过程：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1) 它删除了由 C/C++ 编译器识别出的语法错误程序。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(2) 它将剩余的程序编译成可执行文件，并结合多个运行时监视器，这些监视器捕捉并分析偏离预期行为模式的情况。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(3) PromptFuzz 使用提供的语料库对这些程序进行模糊测试，并删除任何被监视器检测到偏差的程序。在模糊测试过程中，PromptFuzz 将触发独特行为的输入添加到语料库中，扩展语料库以进行更彻底的基于运行时的验证。模糊测试后，PromptFuzz 计算这些程序达到的代码覆盖率，并删除那些未达到代码覆盖标准的程序，表明库 API 函数得到了充分的利用。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">在Fuzz验证的过程中，PromptFuzz收集能够触发新路径的输入，作为该种子程序（seed program）的在最终模糊测试过程中的初始种子。Fuzz验证过程中的覆盖率标准为是否触发</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>关键路径（critical path）</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">，这里的关键路径是指生成的种子程序中包含API调用最多的路径。</span></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">3．覆盖率引导的提示词变异</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Coverage-Guided Prompt Mutation）</span></strong></span></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">为了让覆盖率反馈作用于提示词的变异，也就是API的选取，本文设计了如下两个指标：</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>API的能量（energy）</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">和</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>种子程序的质量（quality）</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">API能量的定义如下所示。其中表示库中的第个API。表示该API被探索的程度，其中的分支覆盖统计了API  及其所调用或间接调用的所有API函数内的分支覆盖率。 表示了该API继续被探索的价值。表示包含该API的种子程序的个数，表示包含该API的提示词的个数。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>探索程度越高energy 越低，探索次数越多energy越低</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003035" data-ratio="0.1476510067114094" data-s="300,640" style="width: 175px;height: 26px;" data-type="png" data-w="149" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=115c717c&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPK9OPYyEn8CXc3YQ00aY8icFjTPYAMl1P4D4aZYaLVt4MGCAfTn3QEtwA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003045" data-ratio="0.15492957746478872" data-s="300,640" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-align: center;text-wrap: wrap;width: 230px;height: 26px;" data-type="png" data-w="213" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f2d621bb&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKw3QpiaPXHVkojUlkFcbJTGibUcYqqHDibgFku4tza9Sk5SvmULdZqia23w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">种子程序质量的定义如下所示。其中表示具有显式数据依赖的库API调用的最大数量，表示程序执行期间触发的唯一分支数。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003044" data-ratio="0.08056872037914692" data-s="300,640" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-align: center;text-wrap: wrap;width: 230px;height: 19px;" data-type="png" data-w="211" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=1bd76f66&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKAz3x4kavYSGichT5aCQGuic1PpqYvtVY0QlLGCRMQ3Ifiatu74pRahyJg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">在每次模糊测试的迭代过程中，PromptFuzz 会探索种子库并更新这些种子程序的质量。利用库 API 的能量反馈和种子质量，PromptFuzz 应用算法1来选择在下一次迭代中使用的新API组合。如果当前迭代中的种子程序不足，PromptFuzz 进入预热阶段（算法1的第3-7行），随机选择高能量API函数以探索之前未发现的库使用。在变异阶段（算法1的第9-23行），PromptFuzz 使用种子程序关键路径上的API调用序列作为变异的枢纽，丢弃那些不与其他API调用交互的调用。将变异集中在枢纽上，使PromptFuzz能够探索复杂的API使用。最后，PromptFuzz 使用新的API组合构建下一次程序生成的提示。</span></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">4．约束性种子程序调度</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（Constrained Fuzzer Scheduling）</span></strong></span></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">这一阶段分为两步：</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1) 对于种子程序的修改：将种子程序中，库API调用中的常数转变为一个同类型的随机变量。并实现与一个FuzzedDataProvider，从模糊测试引擎的输入中分割出特定字节并赋值给对应的随机变量。在这一步中，还进行了参数约束的提取，详情参见论文原文。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(2) 将为特定库生成的所有种子程序统合成一个Fuzz Driver。通过模糊测试引擎输入的前几字节的值来决定调度哪一个种子程序进行模糊测试。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">另外，最终的模糊测试过程的初始种子来自于：</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">(1) </span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>Fuzz验证阶段的测试用例</strong></span></span></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">(2) </span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>常数转化阶段，转化之前的常数值</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">四</strong><strong>、评估</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">1．总体效果</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"> </span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003038" data-ratio="1.2732447817836812" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="527" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=cdeae3a4&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKldmXWia328OhFvibrUZ0B5gPib0yYVdhYMDLE5HfibvHV4FUibhBJC85Ybg%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 5 PromptFuzz在几个C/C++库上的总体效果</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">PromptFuzz成功地在204小时内为这14个库生成了3785个种子程序，查询LLMs的成本为63.14美元（平均每个库4.15美元）。总体而言，PromptFuzz生成的模糊测试驱动程序在测试库上实现了40.07%的分支覆盖率，比OSS-Fuzz高1.61倍，比Hopper高1.63倍，并在24小时的实验中检测到了30个之前未知的错误。所有发现的错误均已报告给相应的社区。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">2．漏洞检测有效性</span></strong></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003039" data-ratio="0.32189239332096475" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="1078" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=202887f8&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKsGEhJ7LOmwl93jGEL1naWBEjumR4BZ7r8qpdDkMSmf6peG0wC1DjsA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 6 PromptFuzz 发现的漏洞</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">如图所示，PromptFuzz在24小时运行中发现了30个bug，在继续运行两周后发现了3个bug。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">漏洞检测的准确性（精确率）探究。论文分析了前几次模糊测试产生的无效警告的根本原因。在14个无效警告中，有8个警告是由于库API调用返回的空指针解引用引起的。对库API调用的参数进行转换显著增强了模糊测试驱动程序的漏洞发现能力，但也增加了库API调用进入错误状态并返回空指针的可能性。如果随后的库API调用访问这些空指针而未实现对这些空指针参数的处理，可能会导致虚假崩溃。论文不认为这些崩溃是PromptFuzz在漏洞检测中的误报。相反，它们是</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>由于库API函数未能处理传递的空指针而引起的鲁棒性问题</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。在排除了由于库API鲁棒性问题导致的8个警告后，仅有6个崩溃被识别为PromptFuzz漏洞检测中的误报。论文认为PromptFuzz实现了86.36%（38/44）的检测准确率。在这6个误报中，有2个崩溃是由于PromptFuzz未能从库中推断出的约束条件引起的。这些约束条件未能得出，是因为语言模型未能为相应的库API函数生成正确的使用方法，因此导致其参数的转换触发了违规行为。剩下的4个误报被视为目标库的误用，因为它们通过复杂的触发机制逃过了PromptFuzz的验证。例如，在zlib中发现的一个误报只能通过特殊值2触发，而在libpng中发现的问题则需要向png_write_png3传递一致的参数集。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">3．PromptFuzz组件的有效性</span></strong></span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003040" data-ratio="0.6171213546566322" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="1063" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=5bb9111a&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKcpZ4RDduaicpBJ3eFmRpS7RzyicriaPdRsWm6kibu8fXz7D0zBhLn4wx6Q%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 7 错误程序删除和约束提取过程影响</span></strong></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">图7展示了错误程序删除阶段删除的种子程序数量和约束提取阶段获得的正确约束的数量及占比。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>错误程序删除</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。为了调查这些程序是否被正确地删除，论文进行了一项研究，其中论文为通过模糊验证消除的每个库随机选择了10个程序，并为通过覆盖率验证消除的10个程序。论文审查了这些程序的代码，并进行了仔细的调试，以确定它们是否已被正确删除。结果表明，几乎所有被模糊验证消除的140个程序都包含对库API函数的误用。唯一的例外是FSan在libpcap6中检测到的潜在资源泄漏。这个真正的错误源于函数pcap_create和pcap_close之间不匹配的资源分配和释放导致的文件描述符泄漏。如果没有FSan，libpcap中最常用的代码模式中这样一个隐藏的bug就永远不会被发现。对于覆盖率验证所消除的140个程序，其中108个程序被确认具有错误的库使用，并且由于存在无法访问的库API调用而被正确地消除。其中，25个是由不正确的库初始化引起的，40个是由错误的API上下文引起的，43个是由无效的库API配置引起的。剩余的32个程序被错误地删除了，因为模糊器无法生成可以到达某些库API调用的输入，而这些调用在为PromptFuzz的模糊化验证过程分配的时间预算内理论上是可以到达的。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>参数约束推理</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。在第3.5.1节中，论文提出了推断对库API函数参数施加的约束的技术，并将库API调用参数转换为从模糊器接收随机字节。为了评估PromptFuzz约束推理的准确性，论文检查了测试库的文档，以收集API参数约束的基本事实。如表3所示，PromptFuzz在自变量约束的推理上实现了91.24%（250/274）的准确率和79.61%（250/314）的召回率。误报主要是由于库API函数的声明中缺少参数标识符。这种缺陷阻碍了LLM理解这些参数功能的能力，从而导致不准确的库API使用生成。值得注意的是，PromptFuzz推断的约束旨在限制API参数常量的错误转换。因此，推断约束中的误报不会导致额外的虚假崩溃。假阴性主要是因为LLM还没有为相关库API函数生成代码，而且它们很少在错误检测中导致假阳性。有了这些推断的约束，PromptFuzz可以转换库API参数以接收随机字节，而不会违反开发人员施加的约束。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">在发现的33个bug中，有15个bug只能在开启常数参数转换的情况下被检测到。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>覆盖率引导的提示词变异</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。图5显示了使用两种不同的变异方法配置时，生成的种子程序在PromptFuzz的模糊循环期间获得的累积覆盖分支。在给定相同的查询预算时，覆盖引导变异在14个库中的11个库中优于随机盲变异，但libaom、zlib和libpng除外。尽管在预热阶段分支覆盖的增长率较低，但由于覆盖和种子程序获得的反馈，覆盖引导变异在11个库中超过了随机盲变异。这使PromptFuzz能够改变包含API函数的有意义组合的提示，创建达到更深层库状态的程序。</span></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003042" data-ratio="0.2936936936936937" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="555" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=257e8325&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqNegyGGGKo12g5T3VAzfPKwUVl7zOwTNSA40hjmpSUvyOiaiaAeydJxhIiaqOamawHNtQeD7VgEqWbQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图 8 覆盖引导变异和盲变异下PromptFuzz生成的种子程序分支覆盖率趋势</span></strong></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">五、讨论</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>序列生成分析</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">：论文使用了顺序优先级计算规则的指导下生成有序的函数调用序列。通过分析全局变量的数据流依赖性，计算了序列中函数调用的顺序优先级。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>种子变异优化</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">：论文使用AFL中的种子突变策略，存在产生重复和无效测试用例的问题，同时，任意突变测试输入的位可能会忽略输入中某些不应该突变的关键部分，降低了在严格条件下保护的分支的概率。因此，在后续的工作中，可以集中于使fuzzer不改变测试用例的这些关键部分，使测试触发深度和复杂的状态。</span></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">六、总结</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">本文介绍了PromptFuzz，这是一种用于自动生成模糊测试驱动程序的覆盖引导模糊测试器。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>PromptFuzz通过提示模糊测试生成模糊测试驱动程序，这是一种基于大型语言模型（LLM）的新型模糊测试循环</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。在覆盖反馈的指导下，PromptFuzz迭代构建LLM的提示词，以有效地探索广泛的API使用。论文设计了用于检测LLM生成的错误程序的验证机制。依赖LLM的代码合成能力，PromptFuzz无需消费者代码或领域知识即可创建模糊测试驱动程序。PromptFuzz生成的模糊测试驱动程序达到了</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>更高的分支覆盖率</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">，比OSS-Fuzz高1.61倍，比Hopper高1.63倍。此外，PromptFuzz生成的模糊测试驱动程序在49次崩溃中成功检测出33个新漏洞，其中30个已被相关社区确认。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;">—END—</strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><br/></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002863" data-ratio="0.1787037037037037" data-s="300,640" data-w="1080" data-type="png" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=72319b03&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlrFxo5eqwR0gsfAItibNmfykKRSz1SvNIKndIPoSB9dQk8u1iaH2IcWlV4vR3Ov4uXgMibO6uPGRA2dQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng"/></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-imgfileid="100002867" 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      <pubDate>Wed, 31 Jul 2024 15:00:00 +0800</pubDate>
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      <title>技术进展 | SDFUZZ:目标状态驱动的定向模糊测试</title>
      <link>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1NTEzODc3MQ==&amp;mid=2247486678&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=a978f891ebff703925420e311d2a9b82</link>
      <description>SDFUZZ是一种由目标状态驱动的高效定向模糊测试器，通过消除不必要的代码和提前终止无法达到目标状态的执行来排除不必要的探索，更快地触发漏洞。</description>
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原创 <span>FuzzWiki</span> <span>2024-07-12 15:00</span> <span style="display: inline-block;">四川</span>
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<p>SDFUZZ是一种由目标状态驱动的高效定向模糊测试器，通过消除不必要的代码和提前终止无法达到目标状态的执行来排除不必要的探索，更快地触发漏洞。</p>
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<section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100002145" data-ratio="0.4166666666666667" style="text-align: center;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;" data-type="gif" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9b8a04d7&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_gif%2FJchE46RGRlr92CPaC2cSiaTUCEWwOd0OucLNLlY09jGCso4gTL4BmXsBNsvOlSMv9qPopLaecg7r21KD4gBERqA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dgif"/><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-bottom-width: 17px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgba(49, 119, 255, 0.19);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: -8px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(49, 85, 255);text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">基本信息</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">原文名称：</strong></span>SDFUZZ:Target States Driven </p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;">Directed Fuzzing<span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;">原文作者：</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span>PenghuiLi，WeiMeng，ChaoZhang<span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span></p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">原文链接：</strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><a href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/" target="_blank">https://www.usenix.org/conference/</a></span></p><p style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, &#34;system-ui&#34;, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;">usenixsecurity24/presentation/li-penghui</p><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">发表期刊：</strong></span><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span>USENIX，2024</p><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></section></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;text-align: center;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"> <svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 16px;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;display: flex;flex-flow: row;justify-content: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;transform: rotateZ(14deg);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 3px;height: 34px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 225.640625px;align-self: center;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(106, 118, 241);height: 1px;visibility: visible;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float: left;line-height: 0;width: 0px;vertical-align: top;visibility: visible;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;visibility: visible;margin-bottom: 24px;"><br/></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;">一、引言</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>定向灰盒模糊</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">（DGF）通常将测试引向高价值的目标站点位置，其被广泛应用于崩溃重现和漏洞验证，但之前的经常不必要地探索不能触发目标漏洞的程序代码和路径。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">缓解上述问题的一种解决方案是首先确定</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>触发崩溃所需的程序代码/路径</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">，然后</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>仅对所需的代码/路径进行模糊测试</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">SieveFuzz分析过程间控制流图(ICFG)以识别到达目标站点所需的函数，并在到达不需要的函数时终止执行。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">Beacon通过向后间隔分析计算到达目标站点的先决条件，并提前终止不满足先决条件的执行。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">SelectFuzz静态地将控制和数据相关代码识别到目标站点。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">但是，它们高估了与执行相关的程序代码和路径集，从而严重限制了它们的性能。</span></section><p style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 40px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">此外，本文观察到定向模糊的主要应用场景都提供了详细的漏洞描述，从中可以推导出高价值的程序状态(即目标状态)，例如漏洞被触发时的调用轨迹。通过揭示这些目标状态，定向模糊器可以排除大量不必要的探索。受观察结果的启发，本文提出了</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>SDFUZZ</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">，一种</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>由目标状态驱动的有效定向模糊工具</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。SDFUZZ首先自动提取漏洞报告和静态分析结果中的目标状态。SDFUZZ采用选择性插桩技术，将模糊范围缩小到达到目标状态所需的代码。一旦SDFUZZ探测到剩余的执行无法达到目标状态，那么SDFUZZ就会提前终止测试用例的执行。进一步利用新的目标状态反馈，将先前不精确的距离度量细化为二维反馈机制，主动推动对目标状态的探索。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;visibility: visible;">二、概述</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">本文利用</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>目标状态驱动DGF</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。在程序的巨大探索空间中，有很大一部分代码或路径无法触发目标漏洞。对程序的所有部分进行测试会造成不必要的资源消耗。如图1中，在L20处有一个断言失败，在DGF中，这个位置通常被设置为目标站点。在函数main()中通过L4的执行（即执行1）可以到达目标站点，并可能触发断言失败。通过L6的执行（即执行2）只能到达目标站点。幸运的是，目标状态描述了（可能）出现漏洞的有趣程序状态。在本文中，将预期的调用轨迹和目标站点的到达</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">顺序定义为目标状态，认为模糊测试应该探索这些有趣的目标状态，而不仅仅是达到目标站点的位置。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003027" data-ratio="0.29907407407407405" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=9d7430c5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOOu1mm12w0UPHZsKWrcBv9QOB2GHNY7aYvbInanZiaqsm4tbqibqiaCstQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图1 代码示例</span></strong></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: left;margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;">本文开发了一种基于目标状态的</span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>定向模糊测试工具SDFUZZ</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;">。SDFUZZ的工作流程如图2所示。SDFUZZ首先自动提取目标状态并将其解析为指定格式。然后，SDFUZZ识别达到目标状态所需的代码，并从模糊测试中去除其他不需要的代码。它在使用目标状态而不是目标站点，这优于先前的解决方案。一旦SDFUZZ探测到测试用例的剩余执行无法到达目标状态，就会提前终止执行，从而增加模糊测试吞吐量（即每单位时间的执行次数）。SDFUZZ使用二维反馈机制主动引导测试朝向目标状态。在第一个维度中，SDFUZZ测量测试用例的最佳运行时状态与目标状态之间的相似性，并偏向相似性较高的状态。在第二个维度中，SDFUZZ采用一种新的精确加权的程序间距离度量。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 40px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003020" data-ratio="0.4323308270676692" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="798" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=97a2ef51&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOGkUjy4Ow11Xn2ypA6iah9PHEzEdL58qqAqricVibUNpdKpdrXmEkyAe1w%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);letter-spacing: 0.034em;text-align: justify;"> </span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图2 SDFUZZ工作流程图</span></strong></p><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 16px;"><p style="margin-top: 16px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;text-align: left;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;">三、提取目标状态</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">为了提取目标状态，SDFUZZ需要漏洞报告或静态分析结果。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">对于后者，SDFUZZ使用现有的静态分析工具来分析程序的源代码。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>漏洞报告。</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;font-size: 14px;">崩溃转储由触发漏洞时的活动函数调用记录组成，如图3所示。每条记录包含：1）函数名称（例如option1）和2）调用位置（例如file.c:15）。因此，首先使用正则表达式在漏洞报告中搜索包含此类信息的描述。提取后，进一步解析它们以确定它们是否与所需的格式匹配。还根据漏洞类型和描述自动对目标状态进行排序。例如，use-after-free漏洞通常包含多个目标状态，则会按释放和使用位置对目标状态进行排序。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003026" data-ratio="0.3112391930835735" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="347" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6fea0654&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOSX1CUJW6dTP8NZgUArOq7dicHm3hx1qoSqrXp2w1eg24VHowR91DQiag%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图3 崩溃转储</span></strong></section><p style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 40px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>静态分析结果。</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ会自动从静态分析结果中提取目标状态。由于不同的静态分析工具采用不同的方式来表示其结果，因此自然而然地，自动提取必须针对每个静态分析工具进行专门设计。本文目前开发SDFUZZ与一种流行的静态分析工具SVF一起使用。</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">四</strong><strong>、所需代码选择性插桩</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ通过在DGF的探索阶段选择性插桩与目标状态相关的覆盖率反馈所需代码来缩小模糊测试范围。首先，SDFUZZ确定代码的哪一部分是必需的，然后在模糊测试过程中忽视那些不需要的代码，即仅保留了达到目标状态所需的代码。这些代码是SieveFuzz和Beacon中保留的达到目标站点的代码的子集，这是因为目标状态进一步限制了到达目标站点的路径。因此，它可以帮助过滤掉更多代码并提高模糊测试吞吐量。本文解决方案选择性插桩代码覆盖率反馈所需的代码，而不是直接从源代码或可执行文件中将其删除。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003021" data-ratio="1.0977443609022557" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="532" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=b934c6ab&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOMwopJgU8IQ6atus2AxMRuxHcric3Q3okRkrDqLauZtOiad5CiaTlyxI3A%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;margin-top: 0px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图4 所需代码识别算法</span></strong></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">本文提出了一个函数级算法用于识别所需代码，如图4算法1所示。该算法以一组目标状态(TS)和目标程序的ICFG(ICFG)作为输入。目标状态中出现的函数（即目标状态函数）与漏洞相关，并直接作为所需函数包含在内（第5行）。此外，这些目标状态函数可能依赖于其他函数。算法首先执行向后的过程内分析，以识别目标状态函数所依赖的函数（第6行）。如果在具有函数调用站点的基本块和目标状态函数的基本块之间存在过程内路径，则包含该函数。例如，包含函数check()是因为L15处的函数target()依赖于它。此外，这些新包含的函数可能会调用其他函数来实现其功能。因此，本文算法分析CG，并将这些函数包含在最初包含的函数之外的CG路径上（第14-15行）。通过这种方式，SDFUZZ扩展了实现目标状态所需的函数集。所以check()的调用函数被添加到所需代码中。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 40px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ不会直接从目标可执行文件中移除代码，而是采用基于插桩的方法来排除不需要的代码。SDFUZZ有选择地只插桩已识别的所需代码以进行代码覆盖率反馈，从而向模糊测试器隐藏其他不需要的函数并缩小模糊范围。这种设计具有容错能力。即使某些代码区域被错误地识别为不需要，执行仍可以通过这些代码区域进一步接近目标位置和状态。SDFUZZ不会分配测试精力来探索未插桩的路径。因此，它</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>摆脱了先前解决方案中错误代码消除造成的严重缺陷，还减少了插桩覆盖率跟踪代码造成的开销</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">五、提前终止执行</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">本文开发了一种新的模糊测试技术，可以</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>提前中止无法达到目标状态的执行</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。如果已知某些执行无法达到目标状态，则会提前终止它们以节省探索资源。通过提前终止不必要的执行，这可以显著提高模糊测试的吞吐量。与之前基于可达性的执行终止方法不同，SDFUZZ还会终止无法达到目标状态的可达执行。要提前终止执行，必须预测执行最终是否能够达到目标状态。这很困难，因为程序状态会随着程序执行而动态更新，例如通过函数调用和返回。鉴于现代程序的高度复杂性，可以展示的程序状态空间可能非常大。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>运行时程序状态监控。</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ监控运行时函数调用并记录函数调用堆栈。这些函数通过函数调用或返回从堆栈中推送或弹出。函数调用位置使SDFUZZ能够区分在不同位置调用的同一函数。程序状态跟踪可能会导致状态爆炸并造成沉重的开销。本文通过仅跟踪与目标状态相关的函数的状态来缓解此问题。具体而言，SDFUZZ仅在程序调用或从目标状态中的函数返回时更新并检查程序状态以进行提前终止。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>基于不可恢复偏差的解决方案。</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">多目标漏洞的目标状态是函数调用的有序列表数组，每个列表对应一个目标站点。因此，图5算法2将某个时间点的当前程序状态(PS)、之前达到的目标状态(reachedTSs)、有序目标状态(TSs)和ICFG作为输入。它迭代目标状态以找到在测试用例的模糊测试试验期间未达到的第一个目标状态（第3-6行）。如果已达到所有目标状态，算法将直接返回（第7-8行）。否则，它会检查偏差函数调用，尤其是第一个偏差，即通过rootDeviation函数寻找根偏差（第10行）。根偏差表示程序状态开始偏离目标状态的执行位置，可以通过迭代比较调用站点（第20-26行）来找到第一个偏差函数调用。如果存在任何偏差（第11行），算法会进一步分析剩余的执行是否可以根据ICFG恢复偏差以达到目标状态（第12行）。如果执行的程序状态存在不可恢复的偏差，则可以立即终止。算法检查程序的ICFG，并探测是否存在从根偏差代码位置到目标状态中的预期函数调用的程序路径。这样的路径意味着偏差可能会在未来的执行中恢复，因为执行可以从根偏差函数调用返回并运行到预期的函数调用。因此，可能恢复偏差的执行不会被终止。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003022" data-ratio="1.4674115456238361" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="537" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=dcdb0bab&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOiabwzoSMuv3f1XiaXSSVHPdzbeIVu0Ngz7BksT9x1PXOruB4uRzb48JA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图5 执行终止与目标状态相似性算法</span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">使用图6中列出的执行的三个程序状态（即PS1-PS3）来说明算法的工作流程。当执行到达第2行之后时，可以观察到PS1。程序状态在第二项中偏离目标状态，即（input，L2）vs.（option1，L4）。偏差可能是可以恢复的，因为后续执行可能会从函数input()返回并在L4处的预期函数option1()旁边运行。从ICFG的角度来看，这可以反映为从偏差位置（例如L2）到预期位置（例如L4）存在程序路径。因此，执行不会在PS1处终止。在PS2处，程序状态恰好是TS1的前缀，没有其他偏差，并且不会偏离TS1。执行不会终止。然而，在PS3的情况下，它在(clean,L7)处偏离了TS1中的(option1,L4)，并且没有从L7到L4的路径。执行将终止。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003023" data-ratio="0.15071090047393365" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="1055" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=7ef880cf&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOiawnL2fMtsZJpxt8nbbc5mheabZQWxggpKLYuMSrpecbMWib9ARhc3mQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 40px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图6 目标状态与程序执行状态</span></strong></p><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">六、二维反馈</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">（1）目标状态反馈</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ将运行时程序状态与目标状态进行比较，并计算相似度得分以主动指导探索。反馈有利于程序状态与目标状态更相似的测试用例。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">算法2中还显示了状态相似度计算的工作流程。在第3-6行找到第一个未达到的目标状态(nextTS)后，SDFUZZ使用根偏差的索引来计算相似度得分。如果当前程序状态与第一个未达到的目标状态(nextTS)不完全匹配，SDFUZZ首先通过计算匹配的偏差Idx与其大小的比率来衡量当前程序状态与它的匹配程度（第13行）。算法还考虑了之前达到的目标状态，并将比率的得分与达到的TS的大小相加。使用目标状态的数量进一步对得分进行归一化并返回。如果当前程序状态与nextTS匹配，算法将直接返回达到的目标状态的比例（第16行）。由于算法可能会被多次调用以执行测试用例，因此将最佳分数分配为测试用例的结果。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.034em;">（2）距离反馈</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ还使用</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">距离度量来</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">指导模糊测试过程。先前的距离度量并不精确，因为其平等地考虑了CG中的每个边。根据经验配置一个恒定权重（例如，在基于AFLGo的定向模糊测试器中为10）来近似到达目标函数的机会。因此，即使有很高的机会到达目标函数，长调用链的执行也可能被分配较大的距离值并被降低优先级。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ在计算过程间距离时使用精确的边权重来减轻不精确性，边权重有望反映调用者函数调用被调用者函数的机会。SDFUZZ根据调用点权重计算边权重。将调用者函数调用被调用者函数的调用点权重定义为从调用者函数的开头到被调用者调用点的过程内距离（即，如AFLGo中所示的最短路径上的基本块距离）。由于同一个被调用者函数可能有多个调用点，因此过程间边权重是调用者函数fi()和被调用者函数fj()之间的最短调用点权重(weight(fi,fj))。这也在公式2中显示，其中dfi()计算函数fi中的过程内距离。对于图1中的函数option1()，由于函数start和函数check()的调用点位于同一个基本块中，因此它们的边权重为0，而不是像AFLGo中那样为10。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="27" data-backw="578" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOkfWe5lMqJjaJOPjvMAIOKRXibribNXhvmiar9iaczMEdiaA10E8FzS31kXg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="156.95501730103805" data-cropx2="937.993079584775" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="50.449826989619375" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003018" data-ratio="0.06530089628681178" data-s="300,640" style="width: 418px;height: 27px;" data-type="jpeg" data-w="781" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=f6771898&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOQ34ja2Sx33k1FDYFjkOfo9s8Q9BQARHiaZ1jicqP7Tn7088nDHzjDMeQ%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">调用者和被调用者之间的边权重形成加权CG。这允许SDFUZZ计算两个任意函数之间的精确CG距离。在公式3中形式化了计算过程间距离的方法。如果CG中至少有一条从函数fs到函数fe的路径，则它们的距离计算为最短路径中边权重的总和。否则，如果没有从函数fs到函数fe的路径，则距离被视为不可用或无限。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 32px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-backh="45" data-backw="578" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaO6aibrdWIxDOwZQdkQRQDxzm3K5f2ZzyamtXeL0ia6dtCmLtkOGHpcU4Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;from=appmsg" data-cropx1="145.7439446366782" data-cropx2="949.204152249135" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="78.47750865051903" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003019" data-ratio="0.09825870646766169" data-s="300,640" style="width: 430px;height: 42px;" data-type="jpeg" data-w="804" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=6d23d851&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaONxZIgFJUJdSTmWdR5jo14FwiabUvBRZj8icrFhwy5FRibd6bibibMU5Ystw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg"/></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">（3）种子选择和功率调度</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 40px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">SDFUZZ结合两个维度的反馈来指导种子的选择和功率调度。为了使模糊测试快速接近目标状态，SDFUZZ根据目标状态反馈和种子距离两个属性对语料库中的种子进行顺序排序。通常，SDFUZZ偏好目标状态反馈更好、距离更短的种子。它以目标状态反馈作为主要排序属性，距离作为次要排序属性。原因是捕捉运行时上下文的目标状态反馈更精确，可以更好地帮助接近目标状态。SDFUZZ还改进了AFLGo的功率调度算法，根据二维反馈为种子分配能量。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: var(--articleFontsize);"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></strong></section><section style="margin-bottom: 24px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-wrap: wrap;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;background-color: rgba(49, 85, 255, 0.19);min-width: 5%;height: auto;line-height: 1;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;justify-content: flex-start;display: flex;flex-flow: row;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 5%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 16px;height: 16px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(49, 85, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;min-width: 5%;height: auto;"><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 8px;height: 8px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 8px 8px 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-align: center;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.578px;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">七、实验设计及结果</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">1. 实验一：目标状态生成能力</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">首先评估SDFUZZ是否可以自动提取真实漏洞的目标状态。选择Magma，这是一个广泛使用的模糊测试基准，包含138个错误及其相应的报告。检查所包含错误的崩溃转储，然后应用SDFUZZ提取目标状态。之后，手动验证提取的目标状态的正确性。结果表明，在138个案例中，SDFUZZ可以成功提取127个案例中的正确目标状态，其中崩溃转储包含在错误报告中。这表明SDFUZZ对真实漏洞具有很高的适用性。SDFUZZ无法为没有可用崩溃转储的案例生成目标状态。漏洞具有多种目标状态，例如，目标数量从一到三个不等，函数调用次数从二到六不等。根据经验，没有观察到目标状态对SDFUZZ性能的影响。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">2. 实验二：SDFUZZ的性能</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在一组已知漏洞上评估SDFUZZ的性能。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">实验设置。构建了一个</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>综合数据集</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。包括其他最近的DGF评估的程序和漏洞、Google Fuzzer测试套件和AFLGo的测试套件。总的来说，数据集中包含了45个独特的漏洞，并在表1中列出它们。所包含的漏洞涵盖了缓冲区溢出、堆溢出等一系列全面的漏洞类型，可以很好地评估SDFUZZ的能力。所有实验均在运行Ubuntu18.04的服务器上进行，该服务器配备两个18核IntelXeonGold6140CPU和256GBRAM。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>为实验准备目标状态和种子输入</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。首先找到漏洞报告的来源并提取目标状态。SDFUZZ成功提取了所有案例的目标状态。然后，使用SDFUZZ对漏洞进行五次测试，每次测试都有24小时的时间限制。对于Google的Fuzzer测试套件中的漏洞，使用存储库中提供的种子输入（如果可用）；对于其他案例，使用空种子输入。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>必需代码识别</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。选择性检测技术可以显著缩小模糊测试范围到所需代码。首先分析SDFUZZ为45个评估漏洞识别的所需代码的比例。SDFUZZ平均消除了48.18%的不需要的函数，并将模糊测试范围缩小到其他51.82%的需要的函数。对于几个案例（例如re2中的#24），SDFUZZ甚至可以消除超过80%的不需要的函数并触发漏洞。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>漏洞暴露</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。测量了暴露已知漏洞所用的时间，并将评估结果列于表1。SDFUZZ在24小时（1,440分钟）的时间限制内可以复现45个漏洞中的44个。这证明了SDFUZZ在暴露已知漏洞方面的高效性。</span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003025" data-ratio="0.8982456140350877" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="855" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=611c2728&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOOD7Qiaz4xZk1ibeEZYqI9iawoX9z0DEqjUn3iaibJ77DyUrg0jfRnRbDTibA%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">3. 实验三：与现有方法比较</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">将最先进的开源定向模糊器作</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">为比较目标：AFLGo、WindRanger和SieveFuzz。Beacon以二进制文件的形式公开提供。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>漏洞检测</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。比较结果如表1所示。SDFUZZ的表现通常优于其他定向模糊器，暴露的漏洞更多。具体来说，AFLGo、WindRanger、Beacon和SieveFuzz分别暴露了36、37、34和40个漏洞。暴露的漏洞数量少于SDFUZZ。在大多数暴露的案例中，SDFUZZ所用的时间比比较的定向模糊器要短。速度分别比AFLGo、WindRanger、Beacon和SieveFuzz高出2.83倍、2.65倍、1.29倍和1.81倍。SDFUZZ的表现也分别比AFLGo、WindRanger、Beacon和SieveFuzz高出18.60倍、12.55倍、4.25倍和8.80倍。表1中划出了每个漏洞的最佳结果。我们观察到SDFUZZ在45个案例中的35个案例（77.8%）中表现最佳，证明了技术的有效性。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>代码消除</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。SieveFuzz使用基于目标站点位置的代码消除技术并开源。SieveFuzz平均删除了约31.53%的不需要的代码，比SDFUZZ消除的少43.29%。这证明了目标状态信息对于代码消除的好处。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>路径修剪和模糊测试吞吐量</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。路径修剪的有效性可以反映在模糊测试吞吐量中，即每单位时间的执行次数。发现SDFUZZ实现了更高的模糊测试吞吐量。由于不同的程序通常具有不同的处理时间，因此计算吞吐量因子值作为每种情况下工具的吞吐量与AFLGo的吞吐量之比。然后，计算所有情况下的几何平均值作为平均吞吐量。SDFUZZ、WindRanger、Beacon和SieveFuzz的吞吐量因子值分别为9.32、0.93、1.43和8.09。这表明，与仅使用距离度量的模糊器相比，采用执行终止技术的模糊器具有更高的吞吐量。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>漏洞触发路径</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。本文发现其他模糊器大多通过与SDFUZZ从目标状态派生的路径相同的路径触发漏洞。具体来说，重放模糊器生成的暴露漏洞的崩溃输入，并分析触发的程序路径。然后，将这些路径与目标状态中的路径相关联。SDFUZZ通过这些路径触发漏洞。另一方面，AFLGo、WindRanger、Beacon和SieveFuzz最终分别在28、20、25和30个案例中采用了目标状态中的路径。这样的观察有两个含义。首先，SDFUZZ可以直接将探索引向此类路径，而无需在其他路径上花费太多精力。这是SDFUZZ与其他定向模糊器相比具有卓越性能的根本原因。其次，通过朝着目标状态前进，虽然SDFUZZ可能会忽略一些其他路径，但这不会严重损害SDFUZZ的性能。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;">4. 实验四：消融实验</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在同一数据集上进行了消融研究，以了解SDFUZZ中的每种技术如何影响性能。首先，为了评估目标状态的影响，设计了SDFUZZ的一个变体，即SDFUZZbl，它仅利用漏洞位置（目标站点）——简化的目标状态。通过禁用其选择性检测添加了SDFUZZ的变体——SDFUZZ-si。此外，我们设计了四个变体用于逐个组件的评估。由于SDFUZZ建立在AFLGo之上，因此每个变体都启用了AFLGo上的一项关键技术。特别是，AFLGO+si、AFLGO+et、AFLGO+sf和AFLGO+df分别在AFLGo上进一步启用了选择性检测、执行终止、目标状态反馈和距离反馈。</span></section><p style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 40px;"><img class="rich_pages wxw-img" data-galleryid="" data-imgfileid="100003024" data-ratio="0.9703087885985748" data-s="300,640" style="" data-type="png" data-w="842" src="https://wechat2rss.xlab.app/img-proxy/?k=398ee5e5&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_png%2FJchE46RGRlqPfbr4zAb82L8TcXmOG9iaOoWD6NJx8x2Wd41azI2Hlyb71Q2233hBSkqcX7HQ8bnPVWNDMaTLEIw%2F640%3Fwx_fmt%3Dpng%26from%3Dappmsg"/></p><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></section><section 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inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(227, 237, 249), rgb(236, 241, 251), rgb(243, 245, 252), rgb(250, 250, 253), rgb(255, 255, 255));"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 3px;outline: 0px;transform: translate3d(7px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(49, 119, 255);"><p style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">八、总结</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>定向灰盒模糊测试通常会不必要地探索无法触发漏洞的代码和路径</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。在本文中，提出了SDFUZZ，这是一种由目标状态驱动的高效定向模糊测试器，可缓解此问题。SDFUZZ通过消除不必要的代码和提前终止无法达到目标状态的执行来排除不必要的探索。SDFUZZ还采用二维反馈机制来主动引导测试方向。评估结果表明，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong>SDFUZZ可以更快地触发漏洞，并且优于先前的工作</strong></span></span><span style="font-size: 14px;">。SDFUZZ还发现了四个以前未知的漏洞，证明了其在自动化漏洞验证中的实用价值。</span></section><section style="margin-top: 16px;margin-bottom: 24px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br/></span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-bottom: 0px;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &#34;Helvetica Neue&#34;, &#34;PingFang SC&#34;, &#34;Hiragino Sans GB&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei UI&#34;, &#34;Microsoft YaHei&#34;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;">—END—</strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 18px;"><br/></strong></section><section style="outline: 0px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 24px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 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      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jul 2024 15:00:00 +0800</pubDate>
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